Journal articles: 'Natural and man-made disasters'

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Damle, SG. "Disasters? Natural or man-made." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.79284.

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Walker, Peter. "Natural Disasters Are Man-Made." New Perspectives Quarterly 16, no. 5 (September 1999): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5842.1999.tb00007.x.

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Sholoiko, Antonina. "Financing losses from natural and man-made disasters by use of crowdfunding." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2-1).2017.07.

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The level of insured losses from natural and man-made disasters occurred in the world from 2012 to 2016 did not exceed 30-45%. Therefore, it is necessary to study another perspective source of financing losses refunding from natural and man-made disasters. The objective of this research is to consider financing losses from natural and man-made disasters by use of crowdfunding, especially in emerging countries. It was defined that the most appropriate model of crowdfunding for financing losses from natural and man-made disasters is donation model with reward-based and donation-based business models. Stimulus for individuals to take part in crowdfunding for financing losses from natural and man-made disasters can be different depending on their location and business model. Sets of assessments based on four categories of questions and method of results visualization were used to examine a country’s readiness for crowdfunding on the example of Ukraine. Complete level of Ukraine’s readiness for crowdfunding was defined. It shows that reward-based crowdfunding is the first stage towards crowdfunding implementation and development. Further research should be done to investigate the mechanism of using a tax discount in case of implementation of the reward-based crowdfunding for financing losses from natural and man-made disasters.

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Tesfaye Tegegne, Kaleab. "The Standardized Mortality Ratio due to Man Made Disaster in Ethiopia." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 10, no. 4 (February 7, 2022): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/191.

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Man-made disasters have an element of human intent involving a failure of a man-made system, as opposed to natural disasters resulting from natural hazards. Man-made disasters include crime, arson, civil disorder, terrorism, war, biological/chemical threat, cyber-attacks, etc. From the above listed manmade disasters, Terrorism is the recent and a major cause of human loses in Ethiopia.

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Lonergan, David. "Natural Disasters and Man-Made Catastrophes." Community & Junior College Libraries 17, no. 3-4 (December 2011): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763915.2011.637419.

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Errante Zwirn, Enid. "Preparing for Natural and Man-Made Disasters." Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing 37, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20060201-03.

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Shemer, Joshua, Ori Heller, and Jakov Adler. "Lessons from the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps' Experience in the Organization of International Medical Disaster Relief Forces." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 1992): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00039649.

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Natural and man-made disasters continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural disasters include earthquakes, storms such as hurricanes, floods, fires, drought. Man-made disasters include fires, explosions, chemical and radioactive releases, major transportation accidents, terrorism, and war. The effects of disaster include injury, death, damage to infrastructure, environmental exposure, population movement, and increased incidence of communicable diseases.

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Lavin, Roberta Proffitt, Lisa Schemmel-Rettenmeier, and Molly Frommelt-Kuhle. "Conducting Research During Disasters." Annual Review of Nursing Research 30, no. 1 (October 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.30.1.

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The potential for man-made or natural disasters is a reality that exists within the confines of the global setting. Man-made and/or natural disasters, although devastating to the human population, offers researchers the ability to explore and advance current preparedness, response, and recovery practices. When conducting research, consideration must be given to the ethical treatment of vulnerable populations and the protection of privacy for those affected by the disaster.

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Harding, Scott. "Man-made disaster and development." International Social Work 50, no. 3 (May 2007): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872807076041.

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English The idea of disaster is usually associated with human suffering from natural events. However, human-made disasters caused by deliberate actions represent an equally important dimension of disaster. This paper analyzes Iraq as a human-created disaster, and suggests that social work play a role in responding to policies that produce disaster. French On associe habituellement la notion de 'catastrophe' aux souffrances de l'homme dé coulant d'é vé nements naturels. Toutefois, les catastrophes d'origine humaine causé es par des actions intentionnelles repré sentent une dimension tout aussi importante de ce phé nomè ne. Cette é tude envisage le cas de l'Iraq sous l'angle d'une catastrophe causé e par l'homme. Elle suggè re aussi que le travail social y joue un rôle en appuyant des politiques qui causent la catastrophe. Spanish La idea de desastre estáusualmente asociada con el sufrimiento humano en eventos naturales. Sin embargo, los desastres causados por humanos a travé s de acciones deliberadas representan una dimensió n igualmente importante del desastre. Este artículo analiza a Iraq, en tanto que desastre creado por humanos, y sugiere que el trabajo social desempeñe un papel en respuesta a las políticas que producen desastres.

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TELIZHENKO, Olexandr, Yuliia MASHYNA, and Yuliia OPANASYUK. "Organizational and Economic Basis of Natural and Man-Made Disasters Consequences Management." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 8, no. 1 (May 28, 2017): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v8.1(17).25.

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The article considers economic essence and factors of natural and man-made disasters economic consequences. Theoretical and methodological principles of organizational and economic mechanism of disasters consequences management are developed. Scientific and methodological approach to the assessment of ecological and economic damages from natural and man-made disasters by rapid method is presented. Reserve fund means distribution mechanism of State budget of Ukraine for prevention and compensation of natural disasters consequences on the basis of region economic potential decrease is developed. The mechanism of branch compensation funds formation is offered, taking into account the probabilistic nature of disasters occurrence on the basis of specific damages indices system, which permits to minimize budgetary expenditures for disasters prevention and elimination.

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Rogayan, Danilo, Ryan Mar D. Cuarto, and Mary Louise A. Ocsan. "Are ninth-grade students aware and prepared when disaster strikes?" Journal of Science and Education (JSE) 2, no. 2 (March 19, 2022): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56003/jse.v2i2.96.

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Awareness and preparedness are good preventive practices that can lessen the impacts of natural and man-made hazards. This descriptive cross-sectional study ascertained the extent of awareness and preparedness of ninth-grade students in terms of natural hazards and man-made disasters. The study involved 103 respondents in two public secondary schools in Zambales, Philippines. The study found out that the students have a high self-reported awareness of the different disasters, and they assessed themselves to be often prepared for the occurrences of the different disasters. The students’ disaster awareness had a significant moderate correlation with disaster preparedness. The study recommends that the students be exposed to several disaster awareness and preparedness programs to develop their understanding and preventive practices. The students' awareness of several disasters may be sustained and enhanced through various media like audio-visual presentations, posters, and IEC (information, education, and communication) materials. As students become more aware of disasters, they become more prepared for disasters. Hence, the environmental education curriculum can accentuate disaster science and management teaching to young learners as they are crucial actors in disaster preparedness, response, and mitigation

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Reifels, Lennart, Michel LA Dückers, and Grant Blashki. "Examining the National Profile of Chronic Disaster Health Risks in Australia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000293.

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Introduction:Despite a longstanding focus on examining acute health impacts in disaster research, only limited systematic information is available today to further our understanding of chronic physical health risks of disaster exposure. Heterogeneity of studies and disaster events of varying type and scale compounding this challenge highlight the merit of a consistent approach to examining nationally representative population data to understand distinctive profiles of chronic disaster health risks.Aim:This epidemiological study examined the full spectrum and national profile of chronic physical health risks associated with natural and man-made disaster exposure in Australia.Methods:Nationally-representative population survey data (N=8841) were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic variables, exposure to natural and man-made disasters, and other traumatic events. Key outcomes included lifetime national chronic health priority conditions (asthma, cancer, stroke, rheumatism/arthritis, diabetes, heart/circulatory) and other conditions of 6 month or more duration (based on the World Health Organization’s WMH-CIDI chronic conditions module).Results:Natural disaster exposure primarily increased the lifetime risk of stroke (AOR 2.06, 95%CI 1.54-2.74). Man-made disaster exposure increased the lifetime risk of stomach ulcer (AOR 2.21, 95%CI 1.14-4.31), migraine (AOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.02-2.56), and heart/circulatory conditions (AOR 2.01, 95%CI 1.07-3.75). Multiple man-made disaster exposure heightened the risk of migraine (AOR 2.98, 95%CI 1.28-6.92) and chronic back or neck conditions (AOR 1.63, 95%CI 1.02-2.62), while multiple natural disaster exposure heightened the risk of stroke (AOR 3.28, 95%CI 1.90-5.67). No other chronic health risks were elevated. Despite the relatively greater chronic health risks linked to man-made disasters, natural disasters were associated overall with more cases of chronic health conditions.Discussion:The analysis of nationally-representative population data provides a consistent method to examine the unique national imprint of disaster exposure and distinct profile of disaster health risks to inform future detection, prevention measures, disaster health preparedness, and response planning.

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McClain, Shanna N., Silvia Secchi, Carl Bruch, and Jonathan W. F. Remo. "What does nature have to do with it? Reconsidering distinctions in international disaster response frameworks in the Danube basin." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 12 (December 5, 2017): 2151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2151-2017.

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Abstract. This article examines the international policy and institutional frameworks for response to natural and man-made disasters occurring in the Danube basin and the Tisza sub-basin, two transnational basins. Monitoring and response to these types of incidents have historically been managed separately. We discuss whether the policy distinctions in response to natural and man-made disasters remain functional given recent international trends toward holistic response to both kinds of disasters. We suggest that these distinctions are counterproductive, outdated, and ultimately flawed, illustrate some of the specific gaps in the Danube and the Tisza, and conclude by proposing an integrated framework for disaster response in the Danube basin and Tisza sub-basin.

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Pho, Nguyen Van. "The Safety of Building Structures Subject to Unusual Natural and Man-Made Disasters." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 23, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.119.

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Previously, we often use the statistical data on natural disasters and mathematical tools such as probabilistic theory, mathematical statistics and random processes to express and analyze natural disasters' phenomena when dealing with the safety problem of building structures subject to natural disasters. However, due to unusual change of the global climate, natural disasters have changed essentially the intensity, frequency and the appearing time so we cannot rely on the statistical data on natural disasters in the past to do that. Therefore, renovation of the thought on selection of plans, calculation, design, and evaluation of safety of building structures to accommodate to natural disasters and man-made disasters is a required task. This paper presents some points of view of the authors, including: (i) Why should we renovate our thought on selection of plans, calculation, design, and evaluation of safety of existing structures? (ii) What are the old thought and the new thought on the safety of building structures? (iii) How to renovate the selection of building plan, calculation, design and evaluation of the safety of building structures? and (iv) How were some building structures in Vietnam decided according to the new thought?Some specific examples on the selection of building plan given in this paper are to illustrate the authors' opinions.

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Vogiatzis, Chrysafis, Ruriko Yoshida, Ines Aviles-Spadoni, Shigeki Imamoto, and Panos M. Pardalos. "Livestock Evacuation Planning for Natural and Man-made Emergencies." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 31, no. 1 (March 2013): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701303100103.

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On March 11, 2011, Japan was struck by the Great East Japan earthquake followed by a 23-foot tsunami, which crippled the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Because of a lack of plans for livestock evacuation in the case of a nuclear power plant accident, local farmers in the Fukushima exclusion zone had significant losses. Development of a rigorous and mathematical formulation of an evacuation plan for livestock in a case of disasters is essential for producers to lessen the financial and emotional impacts. Thus, we propose two mathematical models for evacuation plan for livestock in the area around a nuclear power plant using integer programming over networks. Since solving an evacuation problem on a time dynamic network is NP-hard, we propose algorithms to estimate an optimal solution for our problem. The methods and models discussed herein apply not only to nuclear plant related disasters, but also to a variety of other emergencies.

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Shahbaz, Sana. "Disaster Preparedness and Management in Pakistan: A Systematic Review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002620.

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Introduction:Since its inception about 66 years ago, Pakistan has experienced a variety of both natural and man-made disasters like earthquakes in 2005 and 2015 and widespread flooding in 2010. Pakistan has also experienced a range of politically motivated violence, bombings in urban areas, as well as mass shootings. Such events generate a large number of casualties. To minimize the loss of life, well-coordinated prehospital and in-hospital response to disasters is required.Aim:To identify all the existing peer-reviewed medical literature on prehospital and in-hospital disaster preparedness and management in Pakistan.Methods:The search was conducted using PubMed and Hollis plus search engines in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The articles selected included articles on both natural and man-made disasters, and their subsequent prehospital and in hospital management. The following search terms and keywords were used while searching PubMed: mass casualty incident preparedness and management Karachi, mass casualty incident preparedness, disaster preparedness Karachi, and disaster management Karachi. To search Hollis plus, we used the terms: mass casualty incident preparedness and management Pakistan, mass casualty incident Pakistan, mass casualty incident preparedness and management Karachi, and disaster preparedness Karachi. We selected only peer-reviewed articles for a literature search and review.Results:The reviewed articles show a lack of data regarding disaster management in Pakistan. Almost all the articles unanimously state the scarcity of planned prehospital and in-hospital management related to both man-made as well as natural disasters. There is a need for planned and coordinated efforts for disaster management in Pakistan.

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Sharma, DO, Aishwarya, and Sharon E. Mace, MD, FACEP, FAAP. "Nursing home evacuations due to disasters in the United States over 22.5 years from 1995 to 2017." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 16, no. 2 (August 26, 2021): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2021.0393.

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A large and growing segment of the United States population resides in nursing homes. Many nursing home residents have multiple comorbidities, are unable to perform activities of daily living, and need assistance for their daily functioning. They are some of the most fragile and vulnerable members of the population. Disasters are increasing in frequency and severity. This makes it likely that disasters will strike nursing homes and affect their residents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of disasters in the United States that resulted in nursing home evacuations. There were 51 reported nursing home evacuations due to a disaster over 22.5 years between 1995 and 2017. Natural disasters were responsible for the majority of evacuations (58.8 percent) followed by man-made unintentional disasters (37.3 percent) and man-made intentional (arson) (3.9 percent). The single most common reason for evacuation was hurricanes (23.5 percent, N = 12) and internal fires (23.5 percent, N = 12). Water-related disasters accounted for nearly three-fourths of the natural disasters (hurricanes 40 percent, N = 12; floods, 33.3 percent, N = 10; total 73.3 percent, N = 22), then snow/ice storms (13.3 percent, N = 4). Of man-made disasters, over two-thirds (66.7 percent) were due to internal fires (internal fires, n = 12, 57.1 percent and arson n = 2, 9.5 percent; total N = 14, 66.7 percent). The highest number of evacuations occurred in Texas, Louisiana, Missouri, New York, and Pennsylvania. This knowledge should enable nursing home administrators, disaster planners, public health officials, and others to improve preparedness for disasters that lead to nursing home evacuations.

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Daly, Jeanne, and Judith Lumley. "The public health implications of natural and man-made disasters." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 29, no. 5 (October 2005): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2005.tb00217.x.

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Ravshanova Inoyatkhon Erkinovna and Shermatova Yoqutkhon Sobirovna. "Natural emergencies." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.878.

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Natural disasters are casualties that occur outside of human consciousness and activity. They can occur quickly or gradually. These are events that end with the disappearance. Natural disasters: landslides, floods, strong winds, fires, droughts, landslides, avalanches, rain. Some natural emergencies lead to the development of man-made emergencies. The causes of earthquakes are divided into: - Tectonic earthquakes; - volcanic earthquake;

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Trpeski, Pavle, Samir Ajdini, and Almedina Mehmedi. "TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTERS." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 3 (June 5, 2019): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3103785t.

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The number of challenges and crises that are threatening the human race today have its own consequences, so it can be used by timely and cooperative measures to minimize or diminish what is happening as an imperative for our current experiences. Natural disasters are a consequence of the negative impact of some natural danger on the planet. Natural catastrophes are non-threatening, and we have a technology that will predict them, we can not stop it from going down. When the catastrophes happen because of some natural force, these are called natural catastrophes, which man does not have any control. Some honest natural catastrophes are landlords, castles, floats, droughts, cyclones, and so on. There have been different types of natural disasters and the number of crashes caused by the catastrophe caused to be so different. The prostitute is growing up and we forget the story that we are provoking to our animals. The catastrophes caused by human dullness and lack of mastery or the inadequate corridence of dangerous machinery are called accidents caused by man-made or accidental catastrophes.

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Jacuch, Andrzej. "Disaster response mechanisms in EU and NATO." Przegląd europejski 3 (October 17, 2019): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5842.

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The objective of this article is to identify, analyse and assess the European Union (EU) and NATO’s roles in international disaster response operations. The article adopts a broad approach and deals with mechanisms that could apply to so-called “natural” and “man-made” disasters. It considers instruments that may contribute to fulfil the rights of people stricken by disasters in Europe and beyond. The use of NATO’s disaster response capabilities has drawn limited attention in scientific literature so far. The main hypothesis stipulates that NATO provides added value in international disaster response in relation to the United Nations (UN) and EU actions. NATO with its transatlantic dimension and its military capabilities can assist when a stricken nation, its neighbours and/or other international organization(s) capacity or measures cannot cope with the potential negative consequences of a natural or man-made disaster. However, EU and/or NATO disaster response actions do not substitute a stricken country actions but complements their efforts in this area.

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Koduru, Suresh, Prasad Reddy PVGD, and Preethi Padala. "Integrated disaster management and smart insurance using cloud and internet of things." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.6 (March 11, 2018): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.6.10777.

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Over a period of decades there are lot of frequent disruptions due to natural, man-made and technological disasters which are seriously effecting the society, environment and economy. Hence it is vital that an effective integrated disaster management must be defined by integrating various types of disasters for being equipped in real time to face disasters in an extremely short span of time. In this paper a framework for disaster management is defined based on cloud and internet of things. A disaster management use case is developed based on the defined framework by integrating natural and manmade disasters. Natural disaster events are integrated to derive the probable insurance claims based on historical data and for the insurance agencies to be equipped in the event of disaster. Manmade disaster events will alert the end users when disaster events are about to occur. Here heterogeneous devices and data are firmly integrated to monitor various disaster events at one stop.

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Ma, Haiyan, Yung-ho Chiu, Xiaocong Tian, Juanjuan Zhang, and Quan Guo. "Safety or Travel: Which Is More Important? The Impact of Disaster Events on Tourism." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073038.

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Tourism is making an increasingly considerable contribution to the sustainable development of world economy, but its development is susceptible to a series of disaster events. The impact of disaster events on tourists’ travel decisions is receiving ever-growing attention. In this study, disasters are classified into two categories: namely, natural disasters and man-made disasters. Among these disasters, earthquakes and terrorist attacks—as the most representative two types—are taken as research examples. By virtue of a difference-in-difference research method and online review data from TripAdvisor, multiple incidents that have occurred in different countries are systematically and comparatively analyzed for verifying the effects of catastrophic events with varying natures, frequencies, and intensities on tourism. The main findings are as follows: (1) both natural disasters and man-made disasters have a negative effect on the number of tourists and the tourist experience; (2) higher frequency and intensity of terrorist attacks may not correspond to tourism, and terrorist attacks exert a more influential impact on the safety image of tourist destinations; (3) compared with the scale and intensity of earthquakes, the frequency of earthquakes has a greater effect on tourism; (4) compared with terrorist attacks, earthquakes have a greater effect on the number of tourists.

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Sever, Mehmet Sukru. "Prevention and Treatment of AKI during Various Disasters." Kidney and Dialysis 2, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial2010011.

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent, and shows wide variation with regards to the spectrum, etio-pathogenesis and management strategies after natural (e.g., earthquakes) and man-made disasters (e.g., wars). The most important pathogenetic mechanisms in AKI during earthquakes are crush injury-related hypovolemia and myoglobinuria. Therefore, the most effective preventive measures are early and energetic fluid resuscitation (especially isotonic saline due to medical and logistic advantages) and also avoiding nephrotoxic medications. When preventive measures fail and intrarenal AKI develops, dialysis is lifesaving, with a preference towards intermittent hemodialysis due to medical and logistic advantages during disasters. During wars, the most important man-made disaster, prerenal, intrarenal and postrenal AKI may develop both at the battlefield and also in the field- or tertiary care-hospital setting. Overall, pathogenesis and management strategies of AKI in war victims are similar with those of AKI in general and in natural disasters. Logistic planning after disasters is vital for providing the most effective treatment. If patients cannot be coped with locally, either help should be asked from, or, alternatively, patients should be referred to, other regions or countries. Importantly, nephrology units in and around disaster-prone areas should be prepared for disasters for a sudden influx of AKI victims after disasters.

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Yu, Heng, Yimin Wang, Peiyun Qiu, and Jiacheng Chen. "Analysis of natural and man-made accidents happened in subway stations and trains: based on statistics of accident cases." MATEC Web of Conferences 272 (2019): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927201031.

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Sometimes subway stations and trains can be very crowded for large passenger flows. However, some stations and trains may be vulnerable when natural or man-made disasters happen, thus the safety of passengers and stuff is threatened. Therefore, it is meaningful to make a deep analysis to these disasters that may happen in subway stations and trains. By collecting cases of accidents include fire disaster, terrorist attack, flood, earthquake and stampede that happened in subway stations or on trains around the world, the causes, consequence and their own characters were analysed. Besides, some recommendations and beneficial measures aim to prevent these disasters mentioned above were also presented and discussed.

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Perga, Tetyana. "European culture of memory on enviromental disasters." European Historical Studies, no. 4 (2016): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2016.04.209-217.

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The origin of the European culture of remembrance of environmental disasters is investigated. It is proved that it’s important part occupies the «culture of disaster», which was formed at the beginning of the first millennium A.D. in response to natural disasters. It is analyzed its essence, which means a broad range of preventive measures aimed to minimize the material and cultural losses from possible natural and man-made disasters. Promising areas of 217 development and the role of memory in the maintaining and updating information on such events are discussed.

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Hussain, Sajjad, Saira Miraj, and Rani Saddique. "Social Work and Community Based Disaster Risk Management in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v10i1.105.

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Pakistan is exposed to various natural calamities due to its geophysical condition and climatic changes. In addition, man-made disasters also pose a threat to human lives and properties which includes industrial and transport disasters including oil spills, civil unrest, wars and conflicts. Although it is not possible to stop or prevent natural disasters, but the negative impacts of natural disasters can be minimized through human efforts. The government of Pakistan has adopted participatory approach as part of its policy for disaster management. This research paper is based on the analysis of secondary data for reviewing the existing policies with emphasis on disaster risk reduction in pre and post disaster period. The paper concludes that participation of target community is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis. The article suggests that community should be meaningfully involved in disaster risk reduction efforts at the local level. In this connection the role of social workers is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis.

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Breslin, K. "Natural disasters and man-made responses: are we protecting environmental health?" Environmental Health Perspectives 101, no. 7 (December 1993): 590–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.93101590.

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Elizabeth Hargrow, Mary. "Creating Conditions for Survivors’ Recovery From Natural and Man-Made Disasters." Journal of Black Psychology 39, no. 3 (May 21, 2013): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798413480672.

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Ferro, Giorgia. "Assessment of Major and Minor Events that Occurred in Italy during the Last Century Using a Disaster Severity Scale Score." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 5 (October 2005): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002776.

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AbstractIntroduction:Epidemiological research about disasters is difficult to perform. Most often, it must be completed retrospectively, since data collection may not be feasible or possible during the disaster.Now, there is a recognized need for a standard method to assess the severity of a disaster.Objectives:The aim of this paper is to assess the severity of the disasters that occurred in Italy during the 20th century, using a Disaster Severity Scale (DSS). Another goal is to find a standard method for the classification of previous disasters, test the feasibility and reliability of the use of the Disaster Severity Scale, and improvedisaster management and planning.Methods:Data were obtained from formal reports of the Civil Defence Unit (Italy) and were used to calculate the Disaster Severity Scale score. Disasters were classified into major and minor disasters, according tothe numbers of deaths and severity of the damage. The number of deaths was compared with the obtained Disaster Severity Scale score. A seasonal trend for different types of events was obtained to assess if there is a relationship between the type of event and the time of the year in which it occurred, as related to the weather conditions existing at that time.Results:There were enough data to calculate a Disaster Severity Scale score for 26 major events that caused death and economic damage, and occurred in Italy between 18 March 1944 and 11 November 1999, and for 82 minor events, that occurred between October 1982 and December 1999. There were some significant peaks varying from different types of events during particular seasons, but the cause for those with the highest incidence is not clear. Events related to natural hazards were the only type of event that reached the highest Disaster Severity Scale when considering the number of deaths, while no events associated with man-made hazards had a Disaster Severity Scale score >8.Conclusion:The Disaster Severity Scale score could be a reliable index for the assessment of events related to either natural or man-made disasters. Use of the Disaster Severity Scale allows researchers to classify previous hazards by scoring each disaster's severity. Further studies in other countries could be useful to further validate the Disaster Severity Scale.

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Takim, Roshana, Iffah Farhana Abu Talib, and Abdul Hadi Nawawi. "Quality of Life: Psychosocial environment factors in the event of disasters to private construction firms." Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, no. 11 (May 21, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i11.130.

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In the last decade, both natural and man-made disaster events in Malaysia bring hindrance to construction firms’ operations. Disaster events causing stress, anxiety and depression among people which leads to lose of working days. This research reports on psychosocial environment factors to private construction firms in the event of disaster. A semi-structured interviews were conducted among six (6) construction firms and the data were analysed using content analysis. The findings revealed that three (3) psychosocial environment factors (i.e., job characteristics; role in organisations; and social aspects) affected by man-made disasters; while job prospect and organisational factors distressed by natural disasters.Keywords: Man-made Disaster; Natural Disaster; Private Construction Firms; Psychosocial Environment FactorseISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i11.130

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Iacobucci, Dawn. "A Challenge within Macromarketing: Global Disasters." Journal of Macromarketing 39, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146719860212.

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This essay reflects on the burgeoning literature by marketing scholars in addressing various aspects of global disasters, from both natural and man-made causes. Marketing scholarship into elements of disaster management may be an example of a phenomenon in the “macro cross” posited by Peterson (2016). Disaster events are numerous and striking, with most comprising some element of consumption, hence, marketers might be well-poised to contribute to preparedness and recovery.

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Chatterjee, Arnab, and Bikas K. Chakrabarti. "Fat Tailed Distributions for Deaths in Conflicts and Disasters." Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences 01, no. 01 (March 2017): 1740007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424942417400072.

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We study the statistics of human deaths from wars and similar man-made conflicts as well as natural disasters. The probability distribution of number of people killed in natural disasters as well as man-made situations show power law decay for the largest sizes, with similar exponent values. Comparisons with natural disasters, when event sizes are measured in terms of physical quantities (e.g., energy released in earthquake, volume of rainfall, land area affected in forest fires, etc.) also show striking resemblances. The universal patterns in their statistics suggest that some subtle similarities in their mechanisms and dynamics might be responsible.

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Maksimova, Anastasia S., Sergey V. Ryazantsev, Artem S. Lukyanets, and Evgeniya M. Moiseeva. "Methodological bases for assessing socio-demographic and migration consequences of man-made disasters." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 29 (May 18, 2020): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.29.05.24.

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The purpose of the research is to develop methodological bases and principles for assessing the socio-demographic (including migration) consequences of man-made disasters. A method of rapid assessment of possible outgoing migration flows that may occur in the event of a man-made emergency of various scales is proposed. The initial data for this method are quantitative statistical register data on housing stock and population, as well as operational data on the scale of destruction obtained using contactless methods of information collection. The author summarizes the legal acts regulating the work on prevention and elimination of consequences of man-made and other emergencies in Russia, as well as establishing the principles for assessing their consequences. The author proposes a rearrangement of the set of consequences of man-made disasters, including three main directions of the impact of emergency situations on various spheres: demographic (including damage to life and health, as well as the migration component), socio-economic, and natural and environmental. Indicators reflecting the consequences of the disaster have been developed for each of the

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Simova, Iskra, Tsvetelina Petrova, Rositsa Velichkova, Detelin Ganchev Markov, Milka Uzunova, and Martin Pushkarov. "ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL DISASTERS IN BULGARIA BASED ON THEIR CLASSIFICATION." CBU International Conference Proceedings 6 (September 25, 2018): 1199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1315.

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Disasters caused by natural phenomena or human activities often occur in the Republic of Bulgaria. Their social and economic consequences can have a significant adverse effect on the development of the country and its economic growth, therefore disaster risk reduction is very important for sustainable development. This paper presents an overview of the main natural and man-made hazards in Bulgaria. A descriptive analysis of the critical disasters in Bulgaria for the time periods of 2003-2008 and 2010–2016 is made. The survey is based on the classification of the hazards. Existing statistical data is reviewed and analysed and, as a consequence, recommendations are proposed.

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Goodman, Patricia G., C. Edwin Vaughan, and Derek Gill. "Relocation or Proximity? Major Factors Associated with Prolonged Impact Following Dioxin Contamination and Flooding in Missouri." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 10, no. 1 (March 1992): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709201000106.

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Original data collected in the AARP-Andrus study were used as basis for comparative study of delayed recovery by disaster type, proximity, and relocation. Disaster samples included 109 flooded, 100 dioxin-contaminated, and 145 affected by both disasters at Times Beach or a total of 354 S's. Proximity (had or still resided on confirmed dioxin sites), and disaster type were significantly associated with delayed recovery. Relocation was not associated with recovery; however, lack of permanent relocation and attitudes toward relocation were found to affect recovery among the dioxin sample; with younger persons reporting greater effects than elders. Data support other studies on chemical disasters; and add the components of examining effects of relocation and proximity, and the prolonged effects of man-made disasters vs. natural disasters.

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Liu, Qiang, and Zhen Zhen Yuan. "A Study of Storm Surge Risk Index System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2622.

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Natural disasters refer to casualties, property damage and social instability. Coastal urban areas with a high population density coupled with the construction of man-made structures are particularly subjected to storm surge hazards, which have become an increasingly urgent problem. In this paper, we try to set up a risk index system, including risk indicator, vulnerability indicator and prevention and mitigation capability index. Each of the risk components has large number of variables and quantities. Through displaying losses and characteristics of the four natural disasters, we put forward suggestions for better disaster mitigation. So that a better understanding of storm surges risk profile and early disaster warning measurement could be achieved.

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Gardoni, P., and C. Murphy. "Recovery from natural and man-made disasters as capabilities restoration and enhancement." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 3, no. 4 (October 11, 2008): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp-v3-n4-317-333.

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Aifadopoulou, Georgia, Emmanouil Chaniotakis, Iraklis Stamos, Sokratis Mamarikas, and Evangelos Mitsakis. "An intelligent decision support system for managing natural and man-made disasters." International Journal of Decision Support Systems 3, no. 1/2 (2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdss.2018.094263.

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Mamarikas, Sokratis, Evangelos Mitsakis, Iraklis Stamos, Georgia Aifadopoulou, and Emmanouil Chaniotakis. "An intelligent decision support system for managing natural and man-made disasters." International Journal of Decision Support Systems 3, no. 1/2 (2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdss.2018.10015482.

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Heath, Gloria W., Jerry Freibaum, and Paul B. Richards. "The International Academy of Astronautics Studies Committee on Worldwide Disaster and Emergency Response Employing Space-Borne Systems." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044927.

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The objectives of the Second World Congress on Emergency and Disaster Medicine are closely aligned with those of the International Academy of Astronautics' Studies Committee. The fundamental concern that we share is that of reducing human suffering in the wake of life-threatening natural forces, man-made disasters, or emergencies experienced in the course of daily life. The overarching objective is to reduce to a minimum a population's vulnerability to disasterous occurrences by anticipating exposures accurately and setting in place wise precautionary systems.The contribution made by space-borne systems is essentially that they can provide accurate information rapidly, clearly and dependably over wide areas.

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Moslehi, PhD, Shandiz, Farin Fatemi, PhD, and Samira Soleimanpour, MSc. "Emergency food aid challenges in natural and man-made disasters: A systematic review." Journal of Emergency Management 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0565.

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Background: Emergency food aid is the most essential response of the international community to natural disasters and complex emergencies. The humanitarian aid organizations sometimes have been encountered with different challenges during the feeding process to target groups.Objective: The aim of this article is to review the food aid challenges in receiving countries of humanitarian food assistance during disasters and emergencies.Methods: This systematic review was conducted in August 2019, and the search was limited to published evidence before July 1, 2019. Through this systematic review, the international electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were investigated for the studies published in English. The articles were assessed based on title, abstract, and full text by Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Then, descriptive and thematic analyses were done to extract the most relevant food challenges in recipient countries of humanitarian food assistance.Results: A total of 179 studies were found. Of which, 34 and 118 were excluded because of duplication and quality appraisal, respectively. Finally, 27 eligible articles and reports were included in this study, and 30 main challenges were determined during the international humanitarian food assistance in receiving countries. The challenges were categorized in seven main category of availability (two subcategories), access (six subcategories), utilization (three subcategories), coordination and collaboration (eight subcategories), political and legal issues (three subcategories), monitoring and assessment (six subcategories), and human rights (two subcategories). Conclusion: The most repeated challenges were related to access and monitoring. Most of the extracted food aid challenges allocated to time after occurring the disasters. Regarding to the result of this study, further research should be conducted to suggest the practical approaches for solving the mentioned challenges and increase the effectiveness of such aids.

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Miroshnychenko, V. P. "Emergency and disaster through the eyes of a non-mathematician." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 16, no. 7-8 (April 5, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.16.7-8.2020.223709.

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Background. It is our personal desire and interest to study this topic in more details with the help of competent sources, in connection with frequent natural and man-made emergencies that bring great material losses and human casualties. In accordance with this goal, the following tasks have been defined: to consider the semantic meaning of the known formulations of emergency situations and stages of their development; on the basis of the analysis, to formulate a generalized concept of an emergency; to determine the mechanism for the development of an emergency and catastrophe (catastrophic process); to draw conclusions about the role of an emergency in the development of disasters. Results. There is no universally accepted definition of an emergency. The paper presents a generalized formulation of an emergency situation, close to the most common formulations used in the Western countries. The proposed model of the catastrophe development mechanism made it possible to formulate its definition. An emergency situation and disasters are interconnected, and in this interconnection the leading role is assigned to an emergency situation, which defines a disaster as a function of its potential stage. The latter always exists; therefore, the occurrence of disasters is the norm for our natural and man-made environment. It is proposed to bring the wording of an emergency in accordance with its definition, to introduce into the general characteristics of emergency situations the stages of its development, which take place in all classification options. The expediency of such a proposal is explained by the wide information content of our concept of “emergency stage”, which implies the objectivity of the development of the process and the implementation of various organizational measures. The presented mechanism for the development of disasters is applicable for all types of disasters: biological, social, natural, man-made and environmental, and is universal. To prevent or stop any catastrophe development, it is enough to influence any of its three components.

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Onyeneke, Cajetan Okechukwu. "Impact of disaster on access to records of National Archives of South East, Nigeria." Collection Building 36, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cb-12-2016-0033.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of disaster and how it affects access to records of the National Archives of South East, Nigeria. However, the specific objectives are to: identify the types of disasters that occur in the archives of South East, Nigeria; ascertain the frequency with which the disasters occur in the archives; determine the relationship between disaster and access to records of the archives; find out the disaster prevention measures adopted by the archives; find out the disaster response and recovery plans available in the archives; and make recommendations for effective disaster prevention and control measures for the archives. Design/methodology/approach The research design adopted for this study is the survey method. Individuals constituted the respondents of the study. This design assisted in gathering accurate data of the given issues and also guided in discussing the findings of the study. The researcher adopted one technique in data collection. Questionnaire was used for primary data collection. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the staff of the National Archives. Findings The findings show that the most prevalent disaster experienced in the archives is power failure. There are occurrences of other man-made disasters in the archives such as stealing, vandalism, fire outbreak and water leakages. The only natural disaster they acknowledged that occurs in the archives is lightening strike. The effect of this disaster was found to be enormous as attested to by 90.9 and 75 per cent respondents in Enugu and Owerri, respectively. The respondents do not agree that natural phenomena such as earthquake/tsunami, volcanic eruption and landslides do constitute threat to records of the archives. Originality/value The events of disaster, in whatever shape or frequency, impede access to records of the National Archives of South East, Nigeria. Most of the disasters that affect the archives are man-made, but with the recent happenings around the globe – the global climate change – it becomes imperative to focus attention on eventual occurrence of natural disasters in the archives. In prevention, response and recovery plans, it is important that consideration is given to all areas likely to be affected by the disaster.

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Shyngle, Joseph A., and Joseph O. A. Sodipo. "Disaster Preparedness in Nigeria." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045040.

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The River Ogunpa flood disaster was an event which created difficulties from every conceivable angle and provided many of the problems to be experienced in disaster management generally. It should be emphasized that every state hospital should have a disaster plan so that one could assume that it is adequately prepared for major accidents. Some of the teaching hospitals in Nigeria have disaster plans. However, the mere presence of a paper plan did not guarantee that it was up to date, comprehensive and understood by all staff concerned, in some of the major disasters which recently occurred in Nigeria. This article highlights some of the major natural and man-made disasters in our country, the magnitude of the damage done, factors affecting the response of the nation to the disasters, as well as some of the major deficiencies in our disaster plans.

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Lodhi, Samra. "Mental Health and Positive Impact of Man Made Disasters and Natural Disasters in Pakistan: A Comparative Study." Pakistan Social Sciences Review 5, no. II (June 30, 2021): 747–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-ii)57.

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Olness, Karen, Anna Mandalakas, Srivieng Pairojkul, Eva Holsinger, Denise Bothe, and Marisa Herran. "THE CHILDREN IN DISASTERS PROJECT: ADDRESSING THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF CHILDREN IN MAN-MADE AND NATURAL DISASTERS." Pediatrics 121, Supplement 2 (January 2008): S115.1—S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2022iii.

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Cohen, Raquel E. "Developmental Phases of Children's Reactions Following Natural Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2, no. 1-4 (1986): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030430.

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Mental health professionals are increasingly becoming aware of the number and variety of catastrophic events affecting the lives of individuals. These sources of Stressors are being generally categorized into man-made (radiation leaks, chemical pollution, terrorism) and natural disasters (earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanoes). The need to plan, develop and offer assistance to the victims of these injurious events is prompting further study into the human health and mental health consequences and sequelae.

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Sharma, Aishwarya, and Sharon Mace. "Reviewing Disasters: Hospital Evacuations in the United States from 2000 to 2017." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000633.

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Introduction:Between 2000 to 2017, there were over 150 hospital evacuations in the United States. Data received from approximately 35 states were primarily concentrated in California, Florida, and Texas. This analysis will provide disaster planners and administrators statistics on hazards that cause disruptions to hospital facilities.Aim:The aim of this study is to investigate US hospital evacuations by compiling the data into external, internal, and man-made disasters thus creating a risk assessment for disaster planning.Methods:Hospital reports were retrieved from LexisNexis, Google, and PubMed databases and categorized according to evacuees, duration, location, and type. These incidents were grouped into three classifications: external, internal, and man-made. Both partial and full evacuations were included in the study design.Results:There were a total of 154 reported evacuations in the United States. 110 (71%) were due to external threats, followed by 24 (16%) man-made threats, and 20 (13%) internal threats. Assessing the external causes, 60 (55%) were attributed to hurricanes, 21 (19%) to wildfires, and 8 (7%) to storms. From the internal threats, 8 (40%) were attributed to hospital fires and 4 (20%) chemical fumes. From the man-made threats, 6 (40%) were attributed to bomb threats and 4 (27%) gunmen. From the 20 total reported durations of evacuations, 9 (45%) lasted between 2 to 11:59 hours, 6 (30%) lasted over 24 hours, and 5 (25%) lasted up to 1:59 hours.Discussion:Over 70% of hospital evacuations in the US were due to natural disasters. Compared to 1971-1999, there was an increase in internal and man-made threats. Exact statistics on evacuees, durations, injuries, and mortality rates were unascertainable due to a lack of reporting. It is critical to implement a national registry to report specifics on incidences of evacuations to further assist with disaster and infrastructure planning.

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ROSE, A. "Economic resilience to natural and man-made disasters: Multidisciplinary origins and contextual dimensions." Environmental Hazards 7, no. 4 (2007): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.10.001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural and man-made disasters'

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