Academic literature on the topic 'Natural Areas Advisory Council'
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Journal articles on the topic "Natural Areas Advisory Council"
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Messenger, J. B. "Current Issues in Cephalopod Behaviour." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, no. 2 (May 1995): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400018373.
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The fourth Cephalopod International Advisory Council (CIAC) Symposium, on The Behaviour and Natural History of Cephalopods, was held at Vico Equense, Naples, Italy, from 5 to 11 June 1994. The meeting comprised lectures, poster sessions, keynote review lectures and a series of workshops. These were designed to examine the present status of six key subject areas and to identify possible ways forward for research. Summaries of the main conclusions from the workshops are given here in order to draw the attention of a wider audience to some of the main issues now being debated among students of cephalopod behaviour.
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Ramsden, Carolyn, Richard C. Smardon, and Gregory Michel. "Municipal collaboration for carbon footprinting: Syracuse, New York case study." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 224–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-09-2012-0033.
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Purpose – The City of Syracuse, New York, has undertaken energy conservation measures over the past decade. In 2011, the city completed a greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory that serves as the basis for current sustainability planning processes, and the process to complete this analysis was uniquely collaborative and is offered as a case study. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This inventory was the product of collaboration between the city, the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, and the Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board, through the Climate Change Innovation Program. Following guidance from International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives's Local Government Operations Protocol and utilizing Clean Air and Climate Protection software, the baseline year for the inventory was 2002, and the municipal analysis covered five sectors: buildings and facilities, vehicle fleet, aviation, water delivery, and streetlights and traffic lights. The city's community analysis assessed residential, commercial and industrial energy use, transportation and waste sectors. Findings – The City of Syracuse has achieved energy and GHG reductions over the inventory timeframe. While savings have been accomplished, significant challenges to future energy and GHG reductions remain. Research limitations/implications – Limitations include obtaining data quality and consistency for analysis. Practical implications – This case study could serve as a model for moving forward with GHG inventory analysis and action for small- to medium-sized cities in the NE, USA. Social implications – This was an experiment in collaboration between an academic institution, NGOs and a municipal entity. Originality/value – The city's 2010 inventory has been followed by community outreach and stakeholder engagement for the sustainability planning process. The city formed advisory teams composed of community experts in the areas of energy and green building, natural environment, waste and recycling, education and outreach, and food systems. The collaborative approach the city utilized offers a helpful model for other municipalities to follow to overcome resource constraints and complete energy and cost-saving carbon footprinting assessments.
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Lee, Susan Y. "Leveraging an Ambulatory Patient and Family Advisory Council to Improve Patient Experience Scores." Journal of Patient Experience 8 (January 2021): 237437352110393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735211039316.
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Reports have shown that ambulatory primary care practices that include patients and families in their quality improvement efforts have many benefits including better relationships and interactions with patients. In this paper, we describe our experience of involving our patients, family, and staff who are members of or Patient and Family Advisory Council (PFAC) in our quality improvement efforts related to patient experience. For a year, members of the PFAC suggested creative implementations to our office policies and workflow to improve satisfaction scores on the Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Health care Providers and Systems survey in key areas: information about delays, wait times in clinic, and convenience of appointments.
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Castaneda, Christopher. "History Beneath the Surface: Natural Gas Pipelines and the National Historic Preservation Act." Public Historian 26, no. 1 (2004): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2004.26.1.105.
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This article is a case study of how natural gas pipelines have been treated under the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). It examines three recent pipeline projects that involved determinations of eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places. In one case, a pipeline firm sought an exemption from Section 106 review, and this led to a proposed congressional amendment to the NHPA. In order to forestall a legislative amendment, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation issued an administrative exemption from Section 106 review for natural gas pipelines. This essay traces the process and events that led to this exemption.
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Murphy, Sean D. "Self-Defense and the Israeli Wall Advisory Opinion: An Ipse Dixit from the ICJ?" American Journal of International Law 99, no. 1 (January 2005): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246090.
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In October 2003, the Israeli permanent representative addressed the United Nations General Assembly on why Israel felt compelled to build a lengthy barrier spanning hundreds of kilometers across certain areas of the occupied West Bank of the Jordan River. Among other things, Ambassador Dan Gillernian stated: [A] security fence has proven itself to be one of the most effective non-violent methods lor preventing terrorism in the heart of civilian areas. The fence is a measure wholly consistent with the right of States to self-defence enshrined in Article 51 of the Charter. International law and Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 1368 (2001) and 1373 (2001), have clearly recognized the right of States to use force in self-defence against terrorist attacks, and therefore surely recognize the right to use non-forcible measures to that end.
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Scott, J. S., and R. A. Gibb. "Results of geoscience research in the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program: Introduction." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-032.
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Canada, along with other countries that are considering the permanent disposal of high-level radioactive wastes from nuclear power generation, is undertaking a program of research into deep geological disposal. This program, led by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) with support from Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, other federal government departments, universities, and industrial consultants, has been in progress since early in 1973. Geoscience research, the subject of this symposium, complements research on fuel waste immobilization to provide the data and information essential to the design and assessment of a complete disposal concept involving both natural and engineered barriers to the migration of radioactive material from the waste vault.During the early phases of the program, prior to 1975, an evaluation of the potential of Canadian salt deposits for nuclear waste disposal, as well as a preliminary assessment of the suitability of other geological formations, was made. Because the Province of Ontario was, and remains, the principal region in Canada for nuclear power development and because resources available for geoscience research would not permit simultaneous, intensive research on a number of rock types, the decision was taken to direct the main thrust of the geoscience research toward plutonic igneous rocks of the Canadian Shield in Ontario (Scott 1979). Lesser studies of salt and other sedimentary formations, including seabed, are continuing within the Geological Survey of Canada.Because the rock mass surrounding the vault will provide the principal barrier to the migration of radionuclides, should these be released from the emplaced wastes, knowledge and understanding of potential pathways through the rock mass and of the mechanisms of radionuclide transport and retention within the rock mass over the functional lifetime of the vault are fundamental requirements.Accordingly, the objectives of the geoscience research program (Dormuth and Scott 1984) are the following:(1) Develop and apply techniques to define the physical and chemical properties of large rock masses and of fluids within these rock masses.(2) Use these techniques in selected field research areas to calibrate and evaluate models developed to calculate fluid flow and mass transport through a large rock mass containing a hypothetical underground nuclear fuel waste-disposal vault.(3) Establish procedures to evaluate quantitatively rock bodies for their potential as disposal sites and thereby acquire the capability to compare different rock bodies.(4) Determine the long-term stability of plutonic rock masses by assessing the potential disturbance by seismic activity, glaciation, meteorite impact, and other disruptive events and processes.To achieve these objectives it has been necessary to undertake simultaneously a large number of research tasks involving the disciplines of geology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geomechanics, geochemistry, and mathematics. Some of these tasks are concerned primarily with regional aspects of the Canadian Shield, such as stress distribution, glaciation, and tectonic history; others with details of the surface and subsurface geology and hydrogeology of specific field research areas; and still others with the development and application of exploration technology to detect and evaluate the structural characteristics of igneous rock masses of relatively high integrity and uniformity. Field and office studies are supported by laboratory investigations of the physical and chemical properties of plutonic rocks, with specific reference to origin, history, and ability to retard or transmit radionuclides.Deep exploratory drilling and detailed surface mapping are carried out at designated field research areas in the Canadian Shield. Geoscience work at research areas has the two-fold purpose of (i) testing new and existing exploration techniques for the evaluation of rock masses; and (ii) through application of these airborne, surface, and subsurface techniques, providing the field data necessary for the development of concepts and models that form the basis for establishing site-selection criteria and performing safety analyses.The latest research areas have been established at Atikokan, Ontario, an area underlain by granitic rocks, and at East Bull Lake north of Massey, Ontario, where gabbroic rocks are the dominant type. These research areas complement previously established research areas developed on granitic rocks at AECL properties at Chalk River, Ontario, and Pinawa, Manitoba, and at a research area, also on granitic terrane, near White Lake, Ontario, where work was done early in the program to test geophysical exploration and borehole-logging equipment.The ability to predict subsurface geological and hydrogeological conditions at future waste-disposal sites is one of the primary goals of geoscience research in the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program (CNFWMP). One of the most important program elements designed to test this predictive capability was the construction of the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in the Lac du Bonnet Batholith near the site of the Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment. Airborne, surface, and borehole methods were used to develop a geological model on the site, and hydrogeological investigations were carried out to establish preconstruction groundwater characteristics. As the excavation of the URL facilities proceeded, the geological features encountered and the changes in the hydrogeological systems were carefully monitored. These data are being used to assess and improve the geological and hydrogeological models being developed for the rock mass surrounding the URL.The URL provides an excellent opportunity to (i) study the effect of excavation techniques, heat, and stress on a rock mass; (ii) simulate and study the complex systems that may exist in a disposal vault environment; and (iii) develop and test shaft- and drift-sealing techniques. Recently, a bilateral agreement between AECL and the United States Department of Energy was signed for co-operative research on nuclear fuel waste disposal. A substantial part of this co-operative effort will be directed toward extension of the URL shaft beyond its present depth of 240 m and conducting a variety of nonnuclear experiments within the shaft and excavated chambers of the URL.From the time of formalization of CNFWMP over 10 years ago, a concerted effort has been made by AECL and other program participants to ensure both peer review of and widespread accessibility to results of research arising from CNFWMP. This symposium is the third to be sponsored by the Geological Association of Canada (GAC)—the two previous symposiums were held at GAC annual meetings in Winnipeg in 1982 and Toronto in 1978. In addition to these major symposia, general information meetings sponsored by AECL have been held annually at various centres across Canada, and research elements of CNFWMP formed a significant part of the technical program for an international meeting held by the Canadian Nuclear Society in Winnipeg in September 1986.Since 1979 the CNFWMP review process has been further enhanced by the Technical Advisory Committee chaired by L. W. Shemilt, McMaster University. This committee, comprising members nominated by major Canadian scientific and technical societies including the Canadian Geoscience Council, has annually provided a publicly available report of constructive criticism and recommendations for improvement in the research content of CNFWMP.During the second half of 1988 it is expecte
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Sergeev, Sergey F. "Saint Petersburg Branch of the RAS Scientific Council on the Methodology of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Research in 2020." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-1-149-154.
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The summary discusses the history, structure, and areas of activity of the Saint Petersburg branch of the Scientific Council on the Methodology of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Research under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The members of the Saint Petersburg branch are focused on practice, which is due to the predominance of researchers in the engineering and natural sciences. According to the author, the Council stimulates work related to interdisciplinary synthesis and convergence of the humanities and natural sciences in solving the problem of artificial intelligence.
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Graham, Sean. "The Origins of Centenary Collegiate Institute: A Story of Industrialization, Wealth, and Natural Resources." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 226–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v7i1.234.
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The Paul A. Stellhorn Undergraduate Paper in New Jersey History Award was established in 2004 to honor Paul A. Stellhorn (1947-2001), a distinguished historian and public servant who worked for the New Jersey Historical Commission, the New Jersey Committee (now Council) for the Humanities, and the Newark Public Library. The Stellhorn Awards consist of a framed certificate and a modest cash award, presented at the New Jersey Historical Commission’s Annual Conference. The Award’s sponsors are the New Jersey Studies Academic Alliance; the New Jersey Historical Commission, New Jersey Department of State; Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries; and the New Jersey Caucus, Mid-Atlantic Regional Archives Conference. The Stellhorn Award Committee members are Richard Waldron (chair), Mark Lender, and Peter Mickulas. The advisory committee consists of Ron Becker, Karl Niederer, Elsalyn Palmisano, and Fred Pachman. Click here for more information. The following paper was one of two 2020 winners.
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De Jong, Ursula, and Flavia Marcello. "Stewardship and renewal of catholic places of worship in Australia." Actas de Arquitectura Religiosa Contemporánea 6 (April 3, 2020): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/aarc.2019.6.0.6236.
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The National Liturgical Architecture and Art Council (NLAAC) is an advisory body to the Bishops’ Commission for Liturgy of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference, mandated to provide advice in the areas of liturgical architecture, art and heritage. The Council has prepared guidelines for use throughout the Catholic Church in Australia. The most recent of these documents, Fit for Sacred Use: Stewardship and Renewal of Places of Worship (2018) focusses on existing church buildings with particular reference to cultural heritage, and is the subject of this paper. Vatican II sought the full and active liturgical participation of all the people and so existing churches were reordered to foster inclusion. It is timely to consider questions around what constitutes our heritage and how it is valued. Fit for Sacred Use sets out the liturgical and heritage principles which are fundamental to conserving, renovating and reordering a church building. Its holistic approach considers how we renew our churches while honouring our heritage.
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HARWOOD, R. R., A. H. KASSAM, H. M. GREGERSEN, and E. FERERES. "NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN THE CGIAR: THE ROLE OF THE TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE." Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704002315.
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Judicious management of our natural resources is a major pillar of sustainable agriculture, broadly defined. It is, therefore, unfortunate that, until now, research in natural resources management (NRM) has not received sufficient support, or the recognition that other agricultural research topics have had. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) recognized, early on, the complementarities and synergies between NRM research and other themes, notably genetic improvement, and its research Centres have pursued some vigorous programmes for many years. The Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) to the CGIAR was supportive of such programmes from the start and provided advice to the CGIAR System on NRM research strategies. Highlights of such advice over the last 20 years are discussed, including the ecoregional approach, the 1996 study of Priorities and Strategies for Soil and Water Research, and the CGIAR Vision and Strategy of 2000. Recent developments at the Centres leading to the promotion of integrated approaches to NRM (INRM) are described, and a set of priority areas in INRM research for future CGIAR activities is presented.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural Areas Advisory Council"
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Ah, Shene Walter T. "Community development through the ward committee structures in the Northern areas of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016058.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate community development through the ward committee structures in the Northern Areas of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. Community development through the ward committees is the key principle in the democratisation process, as well as the promotion of good governance. Community development is an opportunity for both local government and the community to strengthen the democracy that is being enjoyed; and simultaneously to promote accountability. In terms of the Local Government: Municipal Systems, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), the role of local communities in the particular interests of their municipality must take place, among other things, by the ward councillor – as well as all other suitable procedures, mechanisms and processes set up by the municipality. Ward committees have the power to advise the ward councillor; and as municipal structures, they must ensure that there is always community participation in the sphere of local government. Community participation gives communities the opportunities to express their views, as well as giving them a sense of ownership. The objectives of the study were: - To determine the roles and responsibilities of the ward councillors in terms of the new developmental mandate (the need to encourage the involvement of communities and organisations in local government matters). - To investigate the relations between ward councillors and their ward committees, and between the offices of ward councillors and the general public. - To examine the extent to which ward councillors in the northern areas of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality understand the policy and administrative procedures and processes in the municipality, when addressing issues that affect the community. In order to achieve these objectives, it was necessary to review literature on community participation. An empirical search was conducted in wards 10 and 11 in the Northern Areas of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. Recommendations were provided which could assist the municipality to effectively make use of the ward committees and the ward councillors. If implemented, these recommendations could also enhance community development through the ward committee structures. Thus, the relationship between the ward committees and the ward councillor should be harmonious; and subsequently, they should also strengthen trust between them. Then the flow of communication will improve.
Books on the topic "Natural Areas Advisory Council"
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Colorado. Department of Regulatory Agencies. Office of Policy and Research. Colorado Natural Areas Advisory Council. Denver, Colo.]: Colorado Dept. of Regulatory Agencies, Office of Policy and Research, 2003.
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Natural Gas Marketing Advisory Council (Mont.). Natural gas in Montana: A report to the Governor from the Natural Gas Marketing Advisory Council. [Mont: The Council?, 1992.
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Conference of the Canadian Council on Ecological Areas. Protected areas and the bottom line: Proceedings of the 1997 Conference of the Canadian Council on Ecological Areas. Fredericton, N.B: Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1999.
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Arizona. Riparian Area Advisory Committee. Interim report of the Riparian Area Advisory Committee: A report to the Governor, President of the Senate, and Speaker of the House. [Phoenix, Ariz.]: The Committee, 1994.
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National Public Lands Advisory Council (U.S.). Rangeland: Program initiatives and strategies : report of the Blue Ribbon Panel to the National Public Lands Advisory Council. [Washington, D.C.]: National Public Lands Advisory Council (U.S.), 1992.
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Areas, Conference of the Canadian Council on Ecological. Protected areas and the bottom line : proceedings of the 1997 Conference of the Canadian Council on Ecological Areas =: Zones protégées : prudence : actes de la Conférence 1997 du Conseil canadien sur les aires écologiques. Fredericton, N.B: Atlantic Forestry Centre = Centre de foresterie de l'Atlantique, 1999.
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San Francisco (Calif.). Recreation and Park Dept. Natural Areas Program Citizen's Advisory Committee. Agenda. San Francisco, CA: Natual Areas Program Citizen's Advisory Committee, 2003.
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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign. Clarifying certain authorities of the Secretary of the Interior and of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation: Report together with minority views (to accompany H.R. 4568) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Clarifying certain authorities of the Secretary of the Interior and of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation: Report together with minority views (to accompany H.R. 4568) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign. Clarifying certain authorities of the Secretary of the Interior and of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation: Report together with minority views (to accompany H.R. 4568) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Natural Areas Advisory Council"
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Kriangsak, Kittichaisaree. "4 Advisory Opinions by ITLOS." In The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198865292.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on advisory opinions by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). Like the International Court of Justice, ITLOS may render and has rendered advisory opinions on legal questions within its areas of competence. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) expressly provides for the advisory jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber of ITLOS, but not the full bench of ITLOS itself. According to Article 191 of UNCLOS, the Seabed Disputes Chamber shall give advisory opinions at the request of the Assembly or the Council of the International Seabed Authority on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities, and such opinions shall be given as a matter of urgency. The full bench of ITLOS has held that the substantive legal basis of the full-bench ITLOS’ advisory jurisdiction is Article 21 of its Statute stipulating that ITLOS’ jurisdiction comprises all disputes and all applications submitted to it in accordance with UNCLOS and all matters specifically provided for in any other agreement which confers jurisdiction on ITLOS. The ITLOS Rules elaborate the procedure in this respect.
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Hendin, Herbert. "Suicide Prevention International (SPI)." In Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention, edited by Danuta Wasserman and Camilla Wasserman, 785–86. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0094.
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Suicide Prevention International (SPI) was developed with the intention of addressing the increasing rates of suicide and depression worldwide; with a specific focus on developing countries as well as large areas of industrialized countries. The organization is made up of an international network of experts in various areas related to suicide, mental health, and public health. SPI’s scientific advisory council includes representatives from 22 countries with expertise in suicide prevention, public health, healthcare economics, social medicine, youth suicide, suicide in the elderly, and in the problems of those who have lost a loved one to suicide. This chapter provides a description of the organization, as well as the important projects which are being undertaken by SPI in order to treat depression and prevent suicide.
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Conant, James K., and Peter J. Balint. "Environmental Politics, Policy, and Administration in the United States." In The Life Cycles of the Council on Environmental Quality and the Environmental Protection Agency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203702.003.0004.
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A variety of human activities produce pollutants, many of which pose risks to human health, the natural environment, and the Earth’s biosphere. These activities, however, may have important economic and social purposes. For example, coal-fired utility plants emit a range of dangerous substances from their tall smokestacks, many of which fall back to Earth hundreds of miles downwind. These pollutants make breathing difficult for people who have asthma and heart disease, and they damage forests, lakes, rivers, and the ecosystems of which they are a part. Yet, the electrical power generated at these plants is used to run factories, provide heat and air conditioning for office buildings, light homes, and sustain the Internet. Likewise, the internal combustion engines in automobiles and trucks emit harmful pollutants from their exhaust pipes that cause smog in urban areas and contribute to global climate change. Yet these vehicles give people the means to travel, conduct their social lives, commute to work, and move goods to markets. These two examples illustrate the underlying contradictions, tensions, and fault lines upon which environmental politics, policy, and administration are built. Human activities that generate pollutants create benefits and impose costs. The distribution of those benefits and costs differs by areas of the country, by sectors of the economy, and among many groups and individuals within our society. For example, oil companies, automobile manufacturers, and private utility companies that own coal-fired power plants have traditionally been among the fiercest opponents of efforts to limit pollutants that degrade air quality. Environmental groups, public health groups, and elected officials in urban areas and the states of the Northeast and West Coast have been among the strongest supporters of air pollution controls. Opponents of efforts to limit pollution generally contend that such limits lead to increased prices and lost jobs. Utility companies do incur costs when they purchase and install air pollution control equipment. Those costs are passed on to manufacturing firms, tenants in office buildings, and homeowners in the form of higher electricity bills.
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"The Angler in the Environment: Social, Economic, Biological, and Ethical Dimensions." In The Angler in the Environment: Social, Economic, Biological, and Ethical Dimensions, edited by Werner Steffens. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874240.ch11.
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<i>Abstract</i> .—Based on the EU Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds (1979), the number of great cormorants <i>Phalacrocorax carbo </i> has increased enormously in many European countries and the distribution of the species has extended considerably. In the middle of the last century, breeding sites were mainly limited to coastal areas; however, today, colonies have become numerous on inland waters. In Germany, for example, breeding pairs expanded from 794 in 1980 to about 23,000 in 2005, and the growth of the population still continues. In the whole of Europe today, there are more than 350,000 breeding pairs constituting more than 2 million cormorants. The increasing expansion of cormorants in Europe causes ecological damage to fish populations and economic and sociocultural damage to fishing. An estimate of the daily food intake of cormorants in Europe is about 1,000 metric tons. Special concern exists for endangered fish species such as grayling <i>Thymallus thymallus</i> , brown trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> , and European eel <i>Anguilla anguilla</i> . Rearing of fish in farms and stocking of juveniles in natural waters are often unsuccessful because of cormorant predation.
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"Regulatory Policies and International Treaties." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0020.
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The purpose of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is to ensure that all federally administered or assisted programs are conducted so as to take the environmental impact of their activity into consideration. The scope of NEPA includes privately financed and conducted projects for which federal licensing is required. The law also establishes a presidential advisory group called the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). The crucial section of the act (U.S. Code, Title 102, Pt. 2c), which concerns the environmental impact statement (EIS), states, in part, that The Congress authorizes and directs that, to the fullest extent possible . . . all agencies of the Federal Government shall . . . include in every recommendation or report on proposal for legislation and other major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, a detailed statement by the responsible official on: •The environmental impact of the proposed action, • Any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented, • Alternatives to the proposed action, • The relationship between local, short-term uses of man’s environment and maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, and • Any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented. Environment in this context refers not only to wilderness, water, air, and other natural resources. It has a broader meaning that includes health, aesthetics, and pleasing surroundings. Although the law requires an EIS, it does not say anything about what conditions would be required in order to carry out the project. Moreover, NEPA does not give more weight to environmental considerations than it gives to other national goals. Thus the decision about implementation of a program is left to the courts. In practice, few projects have ever been halted by a court decision under NEPA. However, some projects have been abandoned or modified, before being challenged in court, because of NEPA. Figure 15.1 shows the framework of the federal environmental regulatory structure. Four federal agencies cover the environmental aspects of the national policy.
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"Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives." In Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives, edited by Robert M. Martore and Melvin Bell. American Fisheries Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874516.ch11.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—In support of the Magnuson–Stevens Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006, which tasked regional fisheries management councils with ending overfishing of numerous marine finfish species, the South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council established 8 deepwater (90–150 m [300–500 ft]) type II marine protected areas (MPAs) along the coastline of the southeastern United States. At the request of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR), one of these MPAs was established on an undeveloped sand-bottom area previously permitted by SCDNR for artificial reef development. After monitoring the production potential of unfished artificial reefs for several years on shallower experimental reef sites, SCDNR staff proposed that a deeper location had the potential to become a highly productive spawning site, particularly for deepwater grouper species. Development of this permitted site began in 2014 when two 79-m (260 ft) barges with nearly 30 m (100 ft) of added profile were deployed. Subsequent monitoring of the site through remotely operated underwater vehicle video revealed colonization by several target species, including Warsaw Grouper <em>Hyporthodus nigritus</em>, Snowy Grouper <em>H. niveatus</em>, and Misty Grouper <em>H. mystacinus</em>. Due in part to the success of this deepwater MPA, the SCDNR was also granted spawning special management zone designation for its two previously established, undisclosed experimental artificial reef sites in federal waters off South Carolina in 2017.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Paul A. Heikkila. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch20.
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<em>Abstract.</em> —The Coquille watershed contains the largest coastal river originating within the Coast Range of Oregon. The Coquille River presently supports over 57 species of fish including coho salmon <em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em> , spring and fall chinook salmon <em>O. tshawytscha</em> , resident and sea-run cutthroat trout <em>O. clarki</em> , winter steelhead trout <em>O. mykiss</em> , and a remnant population of chum salmon <em>O. keta</em> . Coho salmon have been listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Many factors including habitat alterations, harvests, hatchery introductions, and ocean conditions have led to the decline of many Coquille River fish stocks. Habitat changes since European settlement began in the mid- 1800s include logging and log transport, road building, draining and diking for agriculture, and urbanization, which have all contributed to the decline of fish stocks and water quality within the watershed. The recognition of habitat problems as a key limiting factor for fish production and water quality led to the formation of the Coquille Watershed Association (CWA) in early 1994. The formation of the CWA was another step in a 20-year local effort to address habitat problems through restoration of natural processes. The CWA is organized as a nonprofit corporation and is governed by a 26-member executive council representing landowners and stakeholders within the watershed. The goals of the CWA, which arrives at decisions through consensus, include creating water quality conditions that will meet Clean Water Act standards and enhancing native fish survival and production through public and private partnerships. To reach those goals, the CWA has organized a technical advisory group and developed an Action Plan that address limiting factors and sets priorities for identifying, prioritizing, coordinating, accomplishing, and monitoring restoration projects and educational efforts. To date the CWA has generated over US$2.5 million in public and private funding to implement projects including riparian restoration through fencing and planting, wetland development, the addition of large-channel wood and rock, off-channel livestock watering, and over 40 educational tours.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Paul A. Heikkila. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch20.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract.</em> —The Coquille watershed contains the largest coastal river originating within the Coast Range of Oregon. The Coquille River presently supports over 57 species of fish including coho salmon <em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em> , spring and fall chinook salmon <em>O. tshawytscha</em> , resident and sea-run cutthroat trout <em>O. clarki</em> , winter steelhead trout <em>O. mykiss</em> , and a remnant population of chum salmon <em>O. keta</em> . Coho salmon have been listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Many factors including habitat alterations, harvests, hatchery introductions, and ocean conditions have led to the decline of many Coquille River fish stocks. Habitat changes since European settlement began in the mid- 1800s include logging and log transport, road building, draining and diking for agriculture, and urbanization, which have all contributed to the decline of fish stocks and water quality within the watershed. The recognition of habitat problems as a key limiting factor for fish production and water quality led to the formation of the Coquille Watershed Association (CWA) in early 1994. The formation of the CWA was another step in a 20-year local effort to address habitat problems through restoration of natural processes. The CWA is organized as a nonprofit corporation and is governed by a 26-member executive council representing landowners and stakeholders within the watershed. The goals of the CWA, which arrives at decisions through consensus, include creating water quality conditions that will meet Clean Water Act standards and enhancing native fish survival and production through public and private partnerships. To reach those goals, the CWA has organized a technical advisory group and developed an Action Plan that address limiting factors and sets priorities for identifying, prioritizing, coordinating, accomplishing, and monitoring restoration projects and educational efforts. To date the CWA has generated over US$2.5 million in public and private funding to implement projects including riparian restoration through fencing and planting, wetland development, the addition of large-channel wood and rock, off-channel livestock watering, and over 40 educational tours.
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"Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine." In Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine, edited by Stephen S. Hale and Maxine Westhead. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874301.ch1.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—The primary goal of ecosystem-based management (EBM) is to sustain the long-term capacity of the natural world to provide ecosystem services. A technical workshop was held on October 5, 2009 at the 2009 Gulf of Maine Symposium, with the objective of moving toward identifying, mapping, quantifying, and valuing ecosystem services in the Gulf of Maine. Ecosystem services are the benefits humans derive from ecosystems—the things we need and care about that we get from nature. Making the benefits of biodiversity and ecosystem services more apparent to environmental managers and society at large is necessary to pave the way for more efficient policy and management. Ecosystem services can provide a framework for assessing and resolving trade-offs among potentially conflicting human activities. Many of the scientific and technical elements necessary to move forward with ecosystem services approaches and EBM in the Gulf of Maine are already in place and have been applied in other areas. Currently, what is lacking is a policy and regulatory framework. Outstanding research questions include a more complete understanding of <i>all </i>ecosystem services, how they can be valued, and how the links within and among social-ecological systems influence their delivery. To implement ecosystem services and EBM in the Gulf of Maine, we need a clear vision, institutions with clear mandates, EBM science infrastructure, and integrative and interdisciplinary partnerships. Infrastructure for United States–Canada science coordination is in place through the Gulf of Maine Council and RARGOM (the Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine). However, management issues are more difficult because we have bilateral agreements only on fish stock management, and we need formal agreements to work together on broader ecosystem elements.
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Keats, Jonathon. "Great Firewall." In Virtual Words. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195398540.003.0018.
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The Chinese government declared 1996 the Year of the Internet. There wasn’t much to it: only one person in ten thousand was connected—at a modem speed of 14.4 kilobits per second—and 86 percent of the population had never encountered a computer. Even in universities email was still a novelty, haltingly introduced in 1994. Yet in one respect China was the most advanced nation on the planet. Using equipment supplied by Sun Microsystems and Cisco, the Chinese Public Security Bureau had corralled the entire country, all 3,705,000 square miles, within a fanghuo qiang, or firewall. The firewall promised to make the internet safe for autocracy. All online communication could be monitored, at least in principle, and access to any website could be denied. On February 1, 1996, Premier Li Peng signed State Council Order 195, officially placing the government “in charge of overall planning, national standardization, graded control, and the development of all areas related to the internet,” and expressly forbidding users “to endanger national security or betray state secrets.” Enforcement was arbitrary. Discipline was imposed by the dread of uncertainty. This was an inevitability, since the Public Security Bureau couldn’t possibly watch all online activity within China, let alone block every objectionable web page worldwide. Interviewed by Wired magazine, the computer engineer overseeing the fanghuo qiang bluntly explained his working policy: “You make a problem for us, and we’ll make a law for you.” In many countries such a firewall might have stifled development, but most Chinese weren’t interested in making problems. They were attracted to the internet’s dazzling potential, as advertised on billboards that encouraged them to “join the internet club, meet today’s successful people, experience the spirit of the age, drink deep of the cup of leisure.” Those who could afford a connection, which cost approximately half the monthly salary of a recent college graduate, casually referred to the fanghuo qiang as the wangguan , calmly evoking the many guan (passes) of the Great Wall as natural features of China’s wan wei wang (ten-thousand-dimensional web).
Conference papers on the topic "Natural Areas Advisory Council"
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Zhang, Junxiang, Chongfu Huang, and Shanfeng Hu. "Study on the Integrated Risk Radar Model in Natural Scenic Areas." In 7th Annual Meeting of Risk Analysis Council of China Association for Disaster Prevention (RAC-2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rac-16.2016.148.
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Zelensky, Michael J., and W. Arthur J. Springer. "Public Safety Risk Assessment of Natural Gas Liquids Pipelines." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1819.
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Public safety risks are becoming an important issue in the planning of new pipelines and the operation of existing pipelines. Pipelines are initially routed to avoid densely populated areas. However, new developments may encroach on existing pipelines. Risks to the public can be estimated to determine an adequate setback distance. The methodology for risk assessment is described using a Canadian case study. Ethane, propane, butane and pentanes are commonly transported as liquids in pipelines. These compounds have a high vapour pressure, and when accidentally released, may form a flammable dense gas cloud. If the cloud is ignited, a flash fire or vapour cloud explosion may occur. Consequences and frequencies of the selected hazardous incidents are provided. Individual risk levels in rural and urban areas along the pipeline are presented and compared to the risk-based land use planning guidelines of the Major Industrial Accidents Council of Canada.
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Gabriele, Marzia, Raffaella Brumana, Mattia Previtali, and Alberta Cazzani. "MONITORING LANDSCAPE DEGRADATION IN MEDITERRANEAN AREAS INTEGRATING MEDALUS AND REMOTE SENSING FOR FRAGILE ARCHEOLANDSCAPE PLANNING: THE BASILICATA CASE STUDY." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12147.
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The main objective of the research was identifying the phenomena that generate land degradation (LD), in the Basilicata region’s landscape (southern Italy),with a MEDALUS (Kosmas et al., 1999) and RS approach, through the help of 6 main indicators (Soil Quality Index, Climate Quality Index, Vegetation Quality Index, Management Quality Index, Landslide Risk Index, Water Availability Index) and through NDVI differencing thresholds evaluation in time intervals, covering a 20 years’ time span going from 2000 to 2020. The Basilicata region saw this phenomenon increased in the past centuries, both because there has never been any monitoring of LD at regional planning-level, and for the fact that historically the region suffered severe agricultural stress, with enormous deforestations that have led to soil degradation and consequently to the depopulation of the internal marginal areas. These elements caused a strong impact on the potential regional progress, both economic and social, leading to a huge ecological damage. The methodology helped to outline the future LD predictions for the region, and consequentially its management possibilities and implications in relation to this critical issue, in order to maintain or restore the pre-existing values, thus integrating the study of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) in a scientific validated Decision Support System (DSS), for new coherent and integrated landscape strategies in marginal territories. This objective derives from recognizing the landscape as defined in the European Convention (Council of Europe, 2000) as an important element for community interest, on the cultural, ecological, environmental and social point of view, and as a resource for economic development, pursued by enhancing the preservation of its fundamental component of cultural and natural heritage.
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Moslehi, Amir H., and T. Claire Davies. "Comparison of Classification Accuracies Between Different Brain Areas During a Two-Class Motor Imagery in a fNIRS Based BCI**This work was supported by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [NSERC RGPIN 2016-04669]." In 2021 10th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441376.
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Barthel, R., W. Goldammer, and M. Helming. "Exemption Levels for the Recycling and Disposal of Residues With Enhanced Levels of Natural Radioactivity (TENORM) in Germany." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1267.
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Abstract The new German Radiation Protection Ordinance contains for the first time a systematic framework of regulations protecting workers and the public against radiation exposures from residues of industrial and mining processes containing enhanced levels of naturally occurring radionuclides (TENORM). These regulations will satisfy the requirements of the European Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM and serve as a common basis for the radiation protection activities of the German states in this field. The consideration of exposures from materials containing naturally occurring radionuclides gains on this basis an increased level of significance within the German radiation protection efforts. The overall goal of the new regulations is to keep the additional effective dose for the population from the recycling and disposal of TENORM below 1 mSv/a. In order to achieve this objective, companies in which such residues arise have to carry out representative measurements of activity concentrations in these materials. If exemption levels defined in the new regulations are exceeded, restrictions on the recycling and disposal come into effect. These exemption levels are nuclide specific and distinguish between material types and different recycling and disposal options. This specific definition of exemption criteria serves the goal to minimise the number of companies and the amount of residues affected by the new regulations to the extent possible, focussing the efforts of operators and regulators to those materials having the potential to actually cause radiation exposure problems. The specific exemption criteria were derived on the basis of an analysis of typical amounts and activity concentrations of industrial and mining residues with enhanced radioactivity contents in Germany. In a second step, practically applied options for the recycling and disposal of these materials were investigated. On this basis, generic scenarios for the radiation exposure of the workforce and the public were defined and doses were estimated. All relevant pathways including possible long term effects (ground water) were considered in these analyses. Based on the 1 mSv/a criterion, a catalogue of relevant materials, potentially requiring radiation protection measures, was developed. For these materials the practically applied recycling or disposal options were grouped into categories, for which specific exemption levels were derived. The derivation of these criteria was based on realistic estimates of radiation exposure, for example taking into account the dilution of the residues with other materials in technological processes or during the disposal in landfills. The residues subject to the new regulations mostly arise in large quantities over extended periods of time. This leads to significant variations of radionuclide concentrations depending on feed materials and process parameters. To carry out representative measurements without the necessity of taking a too large number of samples, therefore, requires an adequate measurement strategy. Particular aspects to be considered are uncertainties of the measurements themselves and the heterogeneity of the residues. In addition, the measurement strategy has to be compatible with diverse situations in the different industries affected. The framework developed for designing individual strategies for the various industries and types of residues satisfies these requirements and can also provide guidance for measurement campaigns in other areas. The paper outlines the general situation with regard to TENORM in Germany. The main streams of residues and options for their recycling or disposal are described. On this basis, scenarios used for the radiological evaluation are defined and examples for resulting radiation exposures are given. The exemption levels derived from this analysis are discussed. Finally, the framework for the design and implementation of an adequate measurement strategy is outlined.
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Honegger, Douglas G., James D. Hart, Ryan Phillips, Carl Popelar, and Richard W. Gailing. "Recent PRCI Guidelines for Pipelines Exposed to Landslide and Ground Subsidence Hazards." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31311.
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This paper summarizes key considerations in guidelines published in early 2009 that were developed through a Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI) supported by PRCI, the Pipeline Hazardous Materials and Safety Administration of the Department of Transportation, and the California Energy Commission. Past practices for pipelines, as well as almost all other construction projects, have focused on avoidance of areas that have a reasonable probability of experiencing geohazards (defined as large ground displacements that may arise from slope failure, slope creep, earthquake triggered slope movement, and subsidence). This approach has been generally successful when there are limited restrictions on selecting a pipeline alignment. Avoiding potential geohazards is becoming increasingly difficult because of the inability to obtain landowner agreements, the lack of space in common utility corridors, environmental restrictions, incompatibility with existing land use, and/or public opposition. In route corridors where geohazards cannot be avoided, the potential risks associated with these hazards must be managed. Pipeline integrity management strategies to mitigate geohazards consist of: (1) design measures that improve the pipeline resistance to the geohazard, (2) measures that limit or control the severity of the geohazard, and (3) operational programs to monitor ground displacement or pipeline response and identify conditions that may warrant further engineering investigations or mitigation activities. Identifying the most appropriate mitigation strategy needs to be based upon specific hazard scenarios and operating circumstances. The PRCI guidelines provide recommendations for the assessment of new and existing natural gas and liquid hydrocarbon pipelines subjected to potential ground displacements resulting from landslides and ground subsidence. One of the most significant benefits of the guidelines is the systematic approach developed for managing pipeline risks from landslide and ground subsidence hazards. It is hoped that this approach, presented in detailed flow charts, will lead to improvements in current practices by providing a common framework for pipeline operators, the local, state, and federal agencies that have regulatory oversight, and the general public to engage in discussions regarding potential risks from pipelines in areas of unstable ground and the most effective and practical means to reduce those risks to an acceptable level.
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Metcalfe, Douglas, Pui Wai Yuen, Dave McCauley, Sheila Brooks, Joan Miller, and Michael Stephens. "Implementation and Ongoing Development of a Comprehensive Program to Deal With Canada’s Nuclear Legacy Liabilities." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16039.
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Nuclear legacy liabilities have resulted from 60 years of nuclear research and development carried out on behalf of Canada by the National Research Council (1944 to 1952) and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL, 1952 to present). These liabilities are located at AECL research and prototype reactor sites, and consist of shutdown reactors, research facilities and associated infrastructure, a wide variety of buried and stored waste, and contaminated lands. In 2006, the Government of Canada adopted a new long-term strategy to deal with the nuclear legacy liabilities and initiated a five-year, $520 million (Canadian dollars) start-up phase, thereby creating the Nuclear Legacy Liabilities Program (NLLP). The objective of the long-term strategy is to safely and cost-effectively reduce risks and liabilities based on sound waste management and environmental principles in the best interests of Canadians. The five-year plan is directed at addressing health, safety and environmental priorities, accelerating the decontamination and demolition of shutdown buildings, and laying the groundwork for future phases of the strategy. It also includes public consultation to inform the further development of the strategy and provides for continued care and maintenance activities at the sites. The NLLP is being implemented through a Memorandum of Understanding between Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and AECL whereby NRCan is responsible for policy direction and oversight, including control of funding, and AECL is responsible for carrying out the work and holding and administering all licences, facilities and lands. The paper summarizes achievements during the first three years of program implementation in the areas of decommissioning and dismantling; waste recovery and environmental restoration; the construction of enabling facilities to analyze, handle and store the legacy waste; and, planning for the long-term management of the radioactive waste.
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Buszynski, Mario E. "Securing Pipeline Approvals in a Tough Regulatory Environment." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10478.
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The Regional Municipality of York is located immediately north of the City of Toronto. It is the fastest growing municipality in Ontario. The rapid expansion of residential, industrial and commercial development in the municipality has led to a weakness in the electrical and gas infrastructure. The Ontario Power Authority (the agency responsible for managing the power requirements in the Province of Ontario) has recognized this weakness and has developed plans calling for a new gas-fired generating station and improvements to the electrical grid. The shortages of gas supply and electricity have not developed overnight. Hydro One, which runs the electrical grid, initiated a supply study in 2002. The study recommended upgrading a 115 kV transmission line to a double circuit 230 kV transmission line on the existing corridor. The ensuing public outcry resulted in the municipality passing a resolution against the upgrade. Similarly, a large gas-fired generating station proposal was abandoned as the result of citizen opposition. In 2003, the Ontario Energy Board approved new Environmental Guidelines for the Location, Construction and Operation of Hydrocarbon Pipelines and Facilities in Ontario. The guidelines include specific new requirements for planning pipelines in urban areas. Among other things, these requirements involve the identification of indirectly affected landowners and a more detailed analysis of public issues and how they were resolved. It became clear that in order to achieve regulatory success, not only would the public have to become actively engaged in the decision-making early in the process, the technical reviewers (federal, provincial and municipal agencies) would likewise have to be actively involved. Through the use of two case studies of proposed large-diameter natural gas pipelines initiated in York Region in 2005, this paper describes the techniques used to engage the public and the regulators. It also describes how the public involvement requirements contained in the Ontario Energy Board’s new guidelines were incorporated into the planning process. The case studies begin with a rationale for the study area selected. A description of issues follows. The techniques used to address these issues and the success of the program are documented. Techniques include face-to-face project initiation meetings, use of technical and citizens’ advisory committees, sub-committee meetings to resolve specific issues and site-specific field work. The study results illustrate that it is possible to plan a right-of-way in such a manner as to satisfy the general public and regulators, be compatible with existing development, conform to the new Ontario Energy Board guidelines and minimize the amount of remedial work required to mitigate the impacts occurring on and adjacent to the right-of-way.
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Neal, Alan. "Winfrith: Life After Decommissioning — Nuclear Site to Science and Technology Park." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4639.
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UKAEA’s Winfrith site was built in the late 1950’s to undertake research and development into electricity generation from nuclear power. Pioneering scientific and technical work was carried out which resulted in a better understanding of nuclear issues, particularly nuclear safety. At its peak, Winfrith employed 2000 staff and at one time had nine operational nuclear reactors. The most noticeable landmark being the Steam Generating heavy Water Reactor (SGHWR) which, when in operation, provided the National Grid with enough electricity for a small town. In the early 1990’s the UK Government wound down its programme of nuclear R&D, and work started on restoring the environment of the Winfrith site by the progressive removal of the nuclear facilities. Winfrith has always been considered to be one of three key sites in Dorset for development of quality employment, and the site management, with the support of the DTI, decided to undertake a programme of environmental restoration that retained appropriate buildings and infrastructure systems that could be put to alternative long term use. To date, successes have been achieved in both the decommissioning work and also the establishment of tenants. All the fuel has been removed from the nuclear reactors and five reactors have been completely dismantled. Decontamination of other facilities has been completed. A notable example of this work is the return of a fuel fabrication building to a green field site. Another example was the decommissioning of a building that contained gloveboxes, and laboratories equipped with high efficiency filtered ventilation systems. This building was decommissioned, the area of land containing it delicensed, and the building leased to non-nuclear tenants. This thorough, painstaking process involved the use of recently developed industry techniques and required close working with the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII). The tenant base is growing and at the end of 2002 there are 40 different companies resident on site with employee numbers ranging from 1 to several hundreds with a total of ∼ 1000 staff. In addition, the UKAEA programme employs ∼ 500 as staff and contractors. The larger tenants include QinetiQ and DSTL (both from the former Defence Evaluation and Research Agency), the Natural Environment Research Council’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, and RWE Nukem. The progressive decommissioning work continues and as UKAEA retreats across the site, from east to west, the non-nuclear research and development businesses move in. The range of work established at Winfrith provides a focus for its further development as a scientific and technical centre of excellence. Facilities have been created in partnership with the local council for small and start-up businesses, while strong links are being encouraged with universities that have an interest in areas such as environmental research. Together they will form a vital part of the commercial community, stimulating growth through technical interaction and innovation.