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1

Sivintsev, Yu V. "Natural background radiation." Soviet Atomic Energy 64, no. 1 (1988): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01124007.

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2

DOLCHINKOV, Nikolay Todorov. "SOURCES OF NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION." Security and Defence Quarterly 16, no. 3 (2017): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35467/sdq/103183.

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3

Al-Azmi, Darwish, N. Karunakara, and Amidu O. Mustapha. "Teaching about natural background radiation." Physics Education 48, no. 4 (2013): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/48/4/506.

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4

WENG, PAO-SHAN, TIEH-CHI CHU, and CHIN-FANG CHEN. "Natural Radiation Background in Metropolitan Taipei." Journal of Radiation Research 32, no. 2 (1991): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1269/jrr.32.165.

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5

Stone, J. M., R. D. Whicker, S. A. Ibrahim, and F. W. Whicker. "SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION." Health Physics 76, no. 5 (1999): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199905000-00008.

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6

Shahbazi-Gahrouei, Daryoush, Samaneh Setayandeh, and Mehrdad Gholami. "A review on natural background radiation." Advanced Biomedical Research 2, no. 1 (2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.115821.

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7

Thorne, M. C. "Background radiation: natural and man-made." Journal of Radiological Protection 23, no. 1 (2003): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/23/1/302.

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8

Al-Khawlany, AbduHamoud, AR Khan, and JM Pathan. "Review on studies in natural background radiation." Radiation Protection and Environment 41, no. 4 (2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/rpe.rpe_55_18.

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9

Lin, Yu-Ming, Ching-Jiang Chen, and Pei-Hou Lin. "Natural background radiation dose assessment in Taiwan." Environment International 22 (January 1996): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(96)00087-6.

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10

Tracy, B. L., E. G. Letourneau, R. G. McGregor, and W. B. Walker. "Variations in natural background radiation across Canada." Environment International 22 (January 1996): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(96)00089-x.

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11

Van Dongen, R., and J. R. D. Stoute. "Outdoor natural background radiation in the Netherlands." Science of The Total Environment 45 (October 1985): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90241-4.

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12

Cothern, C. R., W. L. Lappenbusch, and J. Michel. "Drinking-water Contribution to Natural Background Radiation." Health Physics 50, no. 1 (1986): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198601000-00002.

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13

Shrestha, Arun Kumar, Sonu Limbu, Narayan Baral, et al. "An Exposure to Natural Background Radiation in Eastern Nepal." Damak Campus Journal 11, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dcj.v11i1.63478.

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Monitoring natural background radiation is important to locate the high background area. The objective of the work is to find the average background radiation in the Morang district and to observe the effects of cosmic radiation at high altitudes. In this study, background radiation was measured in 17 different municipalities of Morang with the help of a GM counter of model GMC-300E plus. The result showed that the annual effective dose of Morang was 0.24±0.02mSv/y and was below the recommended value of 1 mSv/y set by ICRP for public health. The radiation level was slightly higher in the hospi
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14

Scott, Bobby R., and Jennifer Di Palma. "Sparsely Ionizing Diagnostic and Natural Background Radiations are Likely Preventing Cancer and other Genomic-Instability-Associated Diseases." Dose-Response 5, no. 3 (2007): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.06-002.scott.

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Routine diagnostic X-rays (e.g., chest X-rays, mammograms, computed tomography scans) and routine diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures using sparsely ionizing radiation forms (e.g., beta and gamma radiations) stimulate the removal of precancerous neoplastically transformed and other genomically unstable cells from the body (medical radiation hormesis). The indicated radiation hormesis arises because radiation doses above an individual-specific stochastic threshold activate a system of cooperative protective processes that include high-fidelity DNA repair/apoptosis (presumed p53 related), an
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15

Pantha, Parkash, Tanka Prasad Bhusal, Budha Ram Shah, and Rajendra Prasad Koirala. "Study of natural background radiation in Kathmandu Valley." BIBECHANA 16 (November 22, 2018): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v16i0.21605.

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The study of natural background radiation dose at thirty two locations of Kathmandu valley has been done successfully using the instrument Radalert 100. The average dose rates and annual effective dose were measured. From the measurements, the least value of average dose rate was found to be (22.3±3.9)×10-3 mR/hr for Sundhara and the greatest value of average dose rate was found to be (37.7±7)×10-3 mR/hr for Budhanilkantha 3. As per the annual effective dose, the least value was 0.391 mSv/yr for Sundhara and the greatest value was 0.661 mSv/yr for Budhanilkantha 3. The average annual effective
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16

ZIQIANG, Pan, He ZHENYUM, Yang YIN, Guo MINGQIANG, and Cui GUANGZHI. "Natural background radiation and population dose in China." Radioprotection 29, no. 1 (1994): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/1994022.

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17

Romanyukha, Alexander A., Vitaly Nagy, Olga Sleptchonok, Marc F. Desrosiers, Jinjie Jiang, and Arthur Heiss. "INDIVIDUAL BIODOSIMETRY AT THE NATURAL RADIATION BACKGROUND LEVEL." Health Physics 80, no. 1 (2001): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200101000-00013.

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18

Al-DARGAZELLI, Shetha Selman, and Nejla'a Salih Al-ALI. "Actinium-228 in Natural Background Gamma Radiation Spectrum." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 23, no. 8 (1986): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1986.9735047.

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19

Nenov, Nikolay. "DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE CONDITION OF THE NATURAL BACKGROUND." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 5, 2015): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol2.993.

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Life on Earth arose and exists in terms of natural ionizing radiation. Environmental pollution with radioactive substances begins with the emergence of the nuclear industry. Proceeding from the accepted truth that there is no safe dose of exposure to radioactive radiation and accumulated over the years experience (more than 25 years), the author of this article provides an apparatus for monitoring the condition of the natural radiation background based on light and sound indication in all cases when there is increase toward “imperturbable” atmosphere.
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20

Karki, R. S., R. Bhatta, B. P. Jha, R. Khanal, and B. R. Shah. "Study of Natural Background Radiation in Bagmati Province, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 9, no. 2 (2023): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v9i2.62405.

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In this research, we explored the influence of natural sources on ambient radiation levels in the surrounding environment. Our investigation involved conducting a comprehensive survey of background radiation across seven districts in the Bagmati province. We utilized a Radalert 100 radiation monitor to measure the background dose rate at 141 different locations. The recorded background ionizing radiation at these sites varied from 0.022 mR/hr to 0.028 mR/hr, averaging at 0.025 mR/hr. The mean dose rate was determined to 2.129 ± 0.172 mSv/y. Subsequently, the obtained dose rates were used to co
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21

Joshi, Bhawani Datt, Akkal Dhami, and Prithivi Raj Joshi. "Measurement of natural background radiation level in Darchula district, Nepal." Scientific World 15, no. 15 (2022): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v15i15.45664.

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Natural background radiation level within Darchula district of Nepal was measured using a simple portable Geiger-Müller counter. Data were collected along six different directions at different places (three-five places) of the sample sites of the district and was averaged. The average data value with their standard deviation was used for analysis. In this study, the maximum radiation counts of 51.16 2.30 CPM were reported at Satan and the minimum counts of 25.96 2.30 CPM at Gokuleshwar. The observed radiation level of the Darchula district shows that the district is below the radiation risk le
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22

Thomas, John Richard, M. Vishnu Sreejith, Usha K. Aravind, et al. "Outdoor and indoor natural background gamma radiation across Kerala, India." Environmental Science: Atmospheres 2, no. 1 (2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ea00033k.

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The average annual outdoor background radiation dosage across the study area was ∼two times greater than the world average. Higher radiation dosage was observed in indoor environments than outdoors in the majority of the sampling locations.
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23

Chen, Y. F., J. W. Lin, R. J. Sheu, U. T. Lin, and S. H. Jiang. "Measurement of natural background radiation intensity on a train." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 144, no. 1-4 (2010): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncq308.

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24

Dobrzyński, Ludwik, Krzysztof W. Fornalski, and Ludwig E. Feinendegen. "The human cancer in high natural background radiation areas." International Journal of Low Radiation 10, no. 2 (2015): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlr.2015.074413.

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25

Shweikani, R., M. S. Al-Masri, M. Hushari, G. Raja, M. Aissa, and R. Al-Hent. "Natural radiation background in the ancient city of Palmyra." Radiation Measurements 47, no. 7 (2012): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.05.003.

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26

Abdullaev, I. G., A. Abduvaliev, Kh Murtazaev, and M. Rustamov. "Natural radiation background of the Leninabad region in Tadjikistan." Radiation Measurements 25, no. 1-4 (1995): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(95)00126-y.

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27

Wakeford, Richard, Gerald M. Kendall, and Mark P. Little. "THE RISK OF CANCER FROM NATURAL BACKGROUND IONIZING RADIATION." Health Physics 97, no. 6 (2009): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hp.0000363834.40051.f7.

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28

Kawanishi, Masanobu, and Takashi Yagi. "Exploration of biological phenomena of below-background natural radiation." Nucleus 62, no. 2 (2018): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13237-018-0254-7.

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29

Al-Dargazelli, S. S. "Bismuth radionuclides in the natural background gamma radiation spectrum." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 116, no. 1 (1987): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02037206.

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30

Khobotova, Elina, Inna Hraivoronska, and Maryna Ihnatenko. "ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION HAZARD OF CONCRETE AND BACKGROUND RADIATION INDOORS." Environmental Problems 9, no. 3 (2024): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2024.03.157.

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Simulation of the dose rate of building materials γ-radiation in the premises of different designs has revealed the minimal levels of human exposure. It was determined that the exposure dose rate at the given points of a single room depends on the content of natural radionuclides in construction materials and the changing geometry of a person's exposure in the premises. When the exposure dose rate of γ-radiation above an individual plate is determined, it is conventionally divided into the discrete sources, the dose rate from several plates is summed up. It is shown that near a vertical wall w
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31

Nagathil, Neeraja, Vineethkumar Vadakkemattathil, Shimod Kundu Parambil, and Prakash Vamanan. "Spatial analysis of radionuclide concentration in the high background radiation regions of Kerala, India." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 199, no. 20 (2023): 2554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncad195.

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Abstract Every creature on earth undergoes continuous exposure to natural background radiation. Hence, it is crucial to monitor systematically, the degree of radioactivity in the ecosystem and possible radiological health hazards. The present study attempt to investigate the dynamics of prominent radionuclides and various radiological parameters associated with terrestrial gamma radiations along the littoral regions of the Kollam district, a well-reported high background radiation area in India. The gamma radiation exposure rate along the coastal belt of Kollam was measured using a portable Mi
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32

Matsuda, N., N. Fukuda, M. Yamauchi, Y. Tsunoyama, S. Tomita, and M. Kita. "HIGH BACKGROUND AREA FOR RADIATION EDUCATION." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4 (2019): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz084.

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Abstract This paper describes our trial experience of the use of high radiation area for radiation education. We used environmental samples collected from the high radiation area in Fukushima prefecture and India, for the practice of radiation measurement and health risk assessment in Nagasaki University Medical School. We also carried out the field monitoring seminar for students in the existing exposure areas in Tottori prefecture and the Yamakiya observatory in Fukushima. Although the evaluation of educational effectiveness is still underway, both types of education appeared attractive for
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33

Chichester, David L., James T. Johnson, Scott M. Watson, Jay D. Hix, and Scott J. Thompson. "Observation of natural background radiation during the Great American Eclipse." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 142 (December 2018): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.09.008.

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34

Bazhin, S. Yu, and G. N. Kaidanovsky. "Consideration of the contribution of the natural background component during individual control of radiation doses to personnel." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 14, no. 4 (2021): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2021-14-4-122-128.

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When ensuring radiation safety in the Russian Federation, there is a principle of separate independent assessment of doses from natural, medical, emergency and technogenic exposure. In practice, it is not always possible to comply with this principled approach. The established dose limits are related only to man-made radiation during normal operation of sources of ionizing radiation. However, during the formation of regional and federal databases on individual doses of personnel exposure, information is entered not on technogenic exposure, but on industrial exposure, that is, without subtracti
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35

Sohrabi, Mehdi. "World high background natural radiation areas: Need to protect public from radiation exposure." Radiation Measurements 50 (March 2013): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.03.011.

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36

Kardan, Mohammad Reza, Nahid Sadeghi, Nasrin Fathabadi, and Ali Attarilar. "ASSESSMENT OF TERRESTRIAL RADIATION BY DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF AMBIENT DOSE EQUIVALENT RATE OF BACKGROUND RADIATION." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 2 (2018): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncy198.

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Abstract Estimation of terrestrial external radiation is essential for assessment of public exposure to natural radiation. During national survey of natural radionuclide in soil in Iran, 979 soil samples were collected from different locations, in the same time ambient dose equivalent rate was measured by a scintillator detector. In this work, terrestrial radiation was estimated by direct measurement of ambient dose equivalent rate of background radiation. The response of dose measuring instrument to cosmic radiation at ground level was measured and other components were discussed and estimate
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37

M., J. Hossen, F. Kabir M., Amin A., A. Khatun M., and A. Sattar M. "Background Radiation Observation and Measurement: A Case Study Around HSTU Campus, Dinajpur, By Using a Geiger-Muller (GM) Counter." International Journal of Science and Business 15, no. 1 (2022): 79–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6973189.

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Radiation is the name for energy that travels as electromagnetic waves or particles. According to energy or ionizing power, ionizing radiations might be harmful to people&#39;s health. We were interested in radiations with high energy to ionize materials for our work. Overexposure to ionizing radiations like Alpha (&alpha;), Beta (&beta;), and Gamma (&upsih;) radiations can result in a variety of malignancies. Different types of radiation sources could be present. The main contributors of radionuclides are <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>238</sup>U, and <sup>232</sup>Th. Man-made source
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38

Kendall, Gerry, Richard Wakeford, and Mark Little. "Childhood Leukaemia and natural background radiation: Context and dosimetric aspects." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (2013): 5783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.s-2-27-02.

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39

Abraham*, Itty. "Geopolitics and Biopolitics in India’s High Natural Background Radiation Zone." Science, Technology and Society 17, no. 1 (2012): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097172181101700106.

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40

Walencik-Łata, Agata, Katarzyna Szkliniarz, Jan Kisiel, et al. "Characteristics of Natural Background Radiation in the Lubin Mine, Poland." Energies 15, no. 22 (2022): 8478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228478.

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There has been growing interest in using underground locations for applications in various fields, including research. In Poland, for several years, attempts have been made to build an underground laboratory. For this purpose, selecting an appropriate location requires a detailed analysis of the level of natural radioactivity. The present study presents detailed characteristics of the natural background radiation in close vicinity to shaft L-VI of the Lubin mine, at the depth of 910 m (2275 m w.e.). The in situ measurement of the photon flux in the 7–3150 keV energy range was equal to 8.08 ± 0
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41

LIAN, Jun, Hao SUN, Qinan LIN, Xuejia CAO, Chong LI, and Huaguo HUANG. "Field observations of background thermal radiation directionality in natural forests." National Remote Sensing Bulletin 21, no. 3 (2017): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11834/jrs.20176097.

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42

Isa, Sambo, Rafiu A. Abuh, and Ekong Godwin. "Assessment of Natural Background Radiation Exposure in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(1).40.

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The detrimental effects of environmental contamination and deterioration on health are a worldwide concern and Nigerian environmental and public authorities continue to be concerned about the risk to public health. The water, the sky, construction materials and the earth's crust all release natural background radiation that contaminates the environment around us. Additionally, people are exposed to background radiation that comes from internal, cosmic, and terrestrial sources, although, the altitude determines the amount of cosmic radiation exposure, and high altitudes result in large radiatio
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43

Sambo, Isa, A. Abuh Rafiu, and Godwin Ekong. "Assessment of Natural Background Radiation Exposure in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 480–91. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(1).40.

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The detrimental effects of environmental contamination and deterioration on health are a worldwide concern and Nigerian environmental and public authorities continue to be concerned about the risk to public health. The water, the sky, construction materials and the earth's crust all release natural background radiation that contaminates the environment around us. Additionally, people are exposed to background radiation that comes from internal, cosmic, and terrestrial sources, although, the altitude determines the amount of cosmic radiation exposure, and high altitudes result in large radiatio
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44

Tran, Thanh Thien, Tao Van Chau, Tam Duc Hoang, and Yen Thi Hong Vo. "STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF NATURAL BACKGROUND FOR GAMMA SPECTROMETER SYSTEM." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 4 (2011): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i4.2032.

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In the analysis of environmental radioactive isotopes using gamma spectrometry, natural background radiation is an important parameter related to the analytical results directly. Therefore, in this work, the influence of natural background radiation was studied for two models: with and without shielding of gamma spectrometer system. The initial results showed that the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of radionuclides such as 234Th, 226Ra, 212Pb, 208Tl, 40K, 214Pb, 214Bi, 228Ac have the difference of two models from 10% to 503%. This is the basis for researches to improve the lead shielding ch
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45

Stepkin, Yu I., M. K. Kuzmichev, O. V. Klepikov, and E. М. Studenikina. "HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE DOSES FOR THE VORONEZH REGION POPULATION FROM THE NATURAL AND TECHNOGENOUSLY MODIFIED BACKGROUND." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 11, no. 2 (2018): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2018-11-2-74-82.

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The purpose of the study was to estimate the doses to the Voronezh region population from natural sources of ionizing radiation and the technologically altered background in the territory of Voronezh Region. The data of forms of state statistical observation No. 4-DOZ “Information on the doses of population exposure due to natural and technologically altered background” for 20102017 and the radiation and hygienic passport of the territory of the Voronezh Region were used. The average annual per caput effective dose due to all types of ionizing radiation remains stable with a slight upward tren
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46

Adhikari, Hari, Roshan Chalise, Himali Kalakhety, and Raju Khanal. "Assessment of natural background radiation levels in Ranipokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal, following the 2015 earthquake and during reconstruction." Himalayan Physics 11 (May 12, 2024): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hp.v11i1.61269.

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Natural background radiation is present in the environment and its level can vary depending on the location, occurring radioactive elements in soil, water, and air. The measurement of natural background radiation in Ranipokhari, a historic pond in Kathmandu, is important as it is currently undergoing reconstruction after the 2015 earthquake. We used a Professional Digital Geiger Counter (GCA 07W) to measure the radiation dose at 50 different locations, 31 of which were on the outer corner of the pond and 19 were inside the pond. The minimum and maximum radiation exposure levels were found to b
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47

Kennedy, Konnor J., Alexandre LeBlanc, Jake Pirkkanen, et al. "DOSIMETRIC CHARACTERISATION OF A SUB-NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION ENVIRONMENT FOR RADIOBIOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 195, no. 2 (2021): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncab120.

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Abstract Living systems have evolved in the presence of naturally occurring ionising radiation. REPAIR is a research project investigating the biological effects of sub-natural background radiation exposure in SNOLAB, a deep-underground laboratory. Biological systems are being cultured within a sub-background environment as well as two control locations (underground and surface). A comprehensive dosimetric analysis was performed. GEANT4 simulation was used to characterise the contribution from gamma, muons and neutrons. Additionally, dose rates from radon, 40K and 14C were calculated based on
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48

Prihatiningsih, W. R., M. Makmur, M. N. Yahya, et al. "Assessment of background radiation level in different tourism beach of Bengkayang, West Borneo." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1137, no. 1 (2023): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1137/1/012056.

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Abstract Environmental radiation and radioactivity monitoring has become important to investigate to generate a baseline database in Bengkayang Sea-Beach area, West Borneo. There is a need to conduct an environmental monitoring program to determine any change due to radioactivity radiation released from the nuclear installation in case of normal operation or emergency conditions, where Bengkayang is a candidate site of Indonesia’s Nuclear Power Plant. In this study, the background radiation levels have been measured at 9 different tourism beach areas of Bengkayang. Natural background radiation
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49

Szkliniarz, Katarzyna, Agata Walencik-Łata, Jan Kisiel, et al. "Characteristics of Natural Background Radiation in the Polkowice-Sieroszowice Mine, Poland." Energies 14, no. 14 (2021): 4261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144261.

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Natural radioactivity in underground locations is the main parameter for the safety of work (occupational hazards) and for the success of experiments in physics or biology requiring unique conditions. The characterization of natural prominence was carried out in the Conceptual Lab development in one of KGHM deep copper mines co-ordinated by KGHM Cuprum R&amp;D. Natural radioactivity studies were performed and included in situ gamma spectrometry, neutron flux measurements, radon concentration, and alpha and gamma laboratory spectrometry measurements of rock samples. At a depth of 1014.4 m (2941
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Merit, Y. Anita, and V. Robin Perinba Smith. "External Radiation Dose to the Shore Crab of Chinnavilai, a High Background Natural Radiation Area." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 15 (2024): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154273.

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Abstract:
The aim of the study was to determine the activity concentration and radiation dose of radionuclides 226Ra, 228Ra &amp; 40K in shore crab Hemigrapsus Sanguineus, in Chinnavilai, Kayakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Gamma spectrometry is used for determine activity concentration and radiation dose of radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra &amp; 40K.). The total dose values due to both internal and external contributions by all three studied radionuclides fell between 26.51 and 53.19 µGy/day. These values are far below the dose limits (10 mGy/day) prescribed for aquatic animals by the US Department of E
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