Academic literature on the topic 'Natural behaviour'

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural behaviour"

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Taylor, Nigel. "Understanding natural pet behaviour." Veterinary Record 187, no. 4 (August 21, 2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.m3299.

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Curtis, Valerie A. "A Natural History of Hygiene." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 18, no. 1 (2007): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/749190.

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In unpacking the Pandora’s box of hygiene, the author looks into its ancient evolutionary history and its more recent human history. Within the box, she finds animal behaviour, dirt, disgust and many diseases, as well as illumination concerning how hygiene can be improved. It is suggested that hygiene is the set of behaviours that animals, including humans, use to avoid harmful agents. The author argues that hygiene has an ancient evolutionary history, and that most animals exhibit such behaviours because they are adaptive. In humans, responses to most infectious threats are accompanied by sensations of disgust. In historical times, religions, social codes and the sciences have all provided rationales for hygiene behaviour. However, the author argues that disgust and hygiene behaviour came first, and that the rationales came later. The implications for the modern-day practice of hygiene are profound. The natural history of hygiene needs to be better understood if we are to promote safe hygiene and, hence, win our evolutionary war against the agents of infectious disease.
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Tinbergen, N. "BEHAVIOUR, SYSTEMATICS, AND NATURAL SELECTION." Ibis 101, no. 3-4 (April 3, 2008): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1959.tb02388.x.

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Watkins, G. C., and L. Waverman. "Canadian Natural Gas Export Pricing Behaviour." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 11 (July 1985): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551071.

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Keheyan, Y., S. Khachatryan, G. Christidis, D. Moraetis, R. Gevorkyan, H. Sarkisyan, H. Yeritsyan, et al. "Sorption Behaviour of Armenian Natural Zeolites." Fusion Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (August 2005): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst05-a919.

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Radermacher, L., and T. Mateescu. "Study of natural gas pipeline behaviour." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 586 (September 10, 2019): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/586/1/012038.

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Kumar, P. K. Jeethendra, P. Mohan Rao, and D. L. R. Setty. "Thermal behaviour of natural heulandite crystals." Crystal Research and Technology 24, no. 10 (October 1989): 1027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170241014.

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Dandy, Norman. "Behaviour, Lockdown and the Natural World." Environmental Values 29, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327120x15868540131215.

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McNamara, J. M., P. C. Trimmer, and A. I. Houston. "Natural selection can favour ‘irrational’ behaviour." Biology Letters 10, no. 1 (January 2014): 20130935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0935.

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Understanding decisions is the fundamental aim of the behavioural sciences. The theory of rational choice is based on axiomatic principles such as transitivity and independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA). Empirical studies have demonstrated that the behaviour of humans and other animals often seems irrational; there can be a lack of transitivity in choice and seemingly irrelevant alternatives can alter decisions. These violations of transitivity and IIA undermine rational choice theory. However, we show that an individual that is maximizing its rate of food gain can exhibit failure of transitivity and IIA. We show that such violations can be caused because a current option may disappear in the near future or a better option may reappear soon. Current food options can be indicative of food availability in the near future, and this key feature can result in apparently irrational behaviour.
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Madhusudan, S., N. R. M. R. Bhargava, and J. Madhu kiran. "Hygric Strain Behaviour of Natural Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 24, no. 4 (July 2015): 096369351502400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351502400402.

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Extracted pineapple and banana fibres are incorporated in polyester resin matrix to prepare pure pineapple and pure banana fibre composites using hand layup technique. For comparison purpose glass fibre composites are also fabricated under similar processing conditions. A separate test setup has been designed for determination of hygric strain (β). All the specimens were subjected to moisture test in order to estimate hygric strain. Specimen deflections were measured periodically with respect to time. All samples are also exposed to the same environment are removed periodically from the water bath and weighed on an analytical balance to determine the relative weight gain, ‘M’. The average moisture concentration ‘C’ is computed using relative weight gain and densities of composite and water. Coefficient of hygric strains are determined from moisture concentration (C) and hygric strains (β).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural behaviour"

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Goring-Harford, Heather Jane. "Chromium isotope behaviour in natural waters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415532/.

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The isotopes of chromium (Cr) fractionate during terrestrial oxidation reactions that require the presence of oxygen. The main source of Cr to the oceans is via rivers, and thus Cr isotopic signatures (expressed as δ53Cr) preserved in authigenic sediments are increasingly being used to reconstruct the oxygen levels of ancient environments. However, Cr can undergo various reactions in natural waters that may fractionate Cr isotopes. The contribution of these reactions to authigenic sediment δ53Cr values is not well understood, and this limits the interpretation of δ53Cr values measured in ancient archives. This thesis describes the development of a method to accurately and precisely measure Cr isotopic signatures in natural waters with extremely low Cr concentrations, and evaluates the behaviour of Cr isotopes in water samples from a range of environmental settings. Seawater samples from the Atlantic Ocean Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) were analysed to evaluate whether Cr isotopic fractionation was enhanced under depleted oxygen conditions. Results indicate that the Atlantic OMZ is not sufficiently depleted in oxygen to reduce and remove Cr from seawater, although δ53Cr values (1.08 – 1.72‰) were variable due to adsorption of Cr(III) to particles on the shelf, and hydrological mixing. Black Sea seawater samples that had dissolved oxygen concentrations close to zero were enriched in 52Cr, resulting in a δ53Cr that was 0.38‰ lower than the overlying fully oxygenated waters. Samples were also taken from the Celtic Sea to investigate the seasonal variation in the Cr isotopic composition of seawater from a biologically productive, oxic shelf sea. Chromium concentrations and δ53Cr values were affected by organic matter cycling, and, as in the Atlantic OMZ region, interactions of Cr with particles on the shelf and hydrological mixing were locally important. Finally, two transects of the Beaulieu River (UK), a relatively pristine river-estuary system, were sampled to assess the behaviour of Cr during estuarine mixing. Both redox species of Cr (Cr(III) and Cr(VI)) and δ53Cr behaved conservatively during mixing between river water and seawater. The Beaulieu River had relatively low δ53Cr (as low as -0.59‰) compared to most other rivers analysed to date, which suggests that the δ53Cr of Cr supplied to the oceans from rivers may be more variable than previously thought.
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Caple, Matt C. J. "Mechanical behaviour of natural turf sports surfaces." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7389.

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The understanding of the mechanical behaviour of natural turf pitches is limited, owed in part to the deficiencies in current testing devices and methodologies. This research aimed to advance the understanding of surface mechanical behaviour through in-situ and laboratory experiments, and via the development of new testing devices. An impact testing device, the Dynamic Surface Tester (DST) was developed, with impacts replicating the magnitude of stress applied by athletes onto turfed surfaces during running. Developmental experiments indicated that the device was sensitive to changes in soil condition due to variations (P<0.05) in impact data.
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Whttworth, David John. "Monitoring of trace metal behaviour in natural waters." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1732.

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An automated voltammetric dissolved trace metal monitor was developed and validated for in situ analysis of estuarine waters. The system was successfully applied to the determination of Ni concentrations during two studies in the Tamar Estuary. The automated system used Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (AdCSV) for trace metal analysis with a continuous flow sampling procedure and an on line LTV digestion system to ensure complete breakdown of interfering and metal complexing organic ligands. Its application to the measurement of total dissolved Ni in the Tamar Estuary showed a high measuring frequency of up to 6 fully calibrated samples per hour and trace metal concentrations ranged between Ni --10 nM to -50 nM with a salinity gradient of between -0 to -25. A procedure was developed to evaluate suspended particulate material (SPM) trace metal extraction efficiencies of using EDTA extraction solutions followed by analysis of metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The use of EDTA allowed the determination of the easily exchangeable particulate metal fraction using well defined constraints with respect to the competition between EDTA and the particles. Optimum particle extraction time was 72 hours, using 0.05 M EDTA concentration and extractant : particle ratio of 200:1, The extraction procedure was applied to the study of particulate Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn and Mg composition of SPM collected from the Scheldt Estuary. In addition, seasonal investigation of dissolved chemical speciation of Cu, Co, Ni and Zn in the Tamar estuary using AdCSV was undertaken. The results showed contrasting behaviour for these metals with a high seasonal variability of Zn and Co and a low seasonal variability for Cu and Ni. The low concentration of Zn and Co during summer months suggested that low river flow rates, low rainfall caused minimal sediment disturbance thereby reducing the contribution of Co and Zn enrich pore waters to the estuary. Furthermore, it was suggested that uptake of Zn and Cu by phytoplankton could have contributed to the lower concentrations of these elements during the summer survey. The electrochemically non labile fraction of dissolved Cu, Zn, Ni and Co exhibited highest values at high salinities and indicates the importance of organic complexation of these metals in the lower estuary. Furthermore, during the spring surveys elevated fractions of organically complexed Cu, Zn, and Ni were observed and it was suggested that seasonally enhanced levels of primary productivity could have lead to the complexation of these elements by algal exudates and break down products. 0.05 M EDTA extraction protocol was applied to the study of dissolved and particulate Zn, Cu, Co and Ni in the Scheldt estuary. Dissolved Co and Ni exhibited elevated concentrations in the upper estuary, which were related to anthropogenic discharges into the estuary. Its was possible to identify a relationship between particulate organic carbon and particulate Zn, Cu and Ni, which suggested that complexation of these elements by organic particulate material was an important factor in their dissolved/particulate partitioning. Results of dissolved Cu natural complexing ligand titration experiments showed similar behaviour for CUL and K^^^ for the Tamar and Scheldt estuaries with high values at low salinity decreasing to low values at high salinity. The Scheldt generally exhibited higher values for K^^,^ and CUL concentrations ( / ^CU^ -15.7; CUL -200 Cu neq 1"*; S = 1) than the Tamar estuary (/C^^^ 14.0; CUL -170 Cu neq 1"'; S = 0). It was suggested that anthropogenic inputs of nutrients in the Scheldt lead to enhanced levels of phytoplankton activity and complexation of Cu by algal exudates and break down products compared with the Tamar. Total dissolved Ni and Co was undertaken on samples collected from the Atlantic Ocean using detection by AdCSV. The results indicated that Ni and Co exhibited contrasting behaviour in the oceanic waters compared with estuarine waters. The distribution of Co showed low concentrations (mean Co -40 pM) in the Atlantic Ocean and elevated concentration associated with aeolian particulate inputs off the Northwest coast of Africa. In contrast, Ni was relatively homogeneously distributed over large parts of the Atlantic (2.4 ± 0.7 nM). However, both Ni and Co exhibited conservative behaviour during mixing between the Brazilian Current with the Ni and Co enriched Falklands Current indicating the importance of physical water transport on trace metal distribution in oceanic systems.
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Armstrong, Christopher Paul. "A characterisation of the exfoliation behaviour of natural graphites." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238713.

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Øiseth, Ole Andre. "Dynamic behaviour of cablesupported bridges subjected to strong natural wind." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for konstruksjonsteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15114.

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This thesis discusses wind-induced dynamic response of slender cable-supported bridges. The focus has been on prediction of the flutter stability limit and the buffeting response in strong winds. The thesis consists of journal papers that are either submitted or published. Multimode flutter has recently been shown to be the governing phenomenon for the aeroelastic stability limit of long-span cable-supported bridges. In this thesis the multimode flutter phenomenon is thoroughly studied. It is concluded that the most important indicator of possible multimode effects is the shape-wise similarity of the vertical and torsional vibration modes since flutter will not occur if the still-air vibration modes are shape-wise dissimilar. When the stability limit of a long-span bridge is assessed, the shape-wise similarity of all possible mode combinations should be evaluated first. Then the system should be grouped into uncoupled subsystems. The subsystem involving the still-air torsional vibration mode with the lowest natural frequency will most likely provide the lowest stability limit. If this subsystem consists of more than two vibration modes, multimode effects will occur. The reduction of the stability limit will be small if the shape-wise similarities of the vibration modes are not of the same order of magnitude, or if the system consists of two torsional and one vertical mode, and the torsional modes are well separated. If these conditions are not fulfilled, the flutter stability limit should be assessed using a multimode approach. The self-excited forces are particularly important when the wind-induced dynamic response or the flutter stability limit is assessed for slender bridges. The self-excited forces can be modelled simply using quasi-steady theory. Since the quasi-steady theory is frequency independent, the model may be used in both the time and frequency domains. However, it is well known that the traditional quasi-steady theory may severely underestimate the flutter stability limit since no aerodynamic torsional damping is introduced into the model. In this thesis a novel modified quasi-steady theory is suggested. The method takes advantage of that the self-excited forces are most important at the natural frequencies of the combined structure and flow system. This implies that curves providing a frequency-independent description of the self-excited forces can be fitted to the experimental data in the important reduced-frequency range corresponding to the natural frequencies of the system. The suggested model has been applied for the Hardanger Bridge in a comprehensive case study, and it is concluded that the model provides wind-induced response and flutter stability limits of good accuracy. Simplified methods for assessment of the flutter stability limit are still considered important in preliminary designs and when designing medium-span bridges where multimode effects will not reduce the flutter stability limit significantly. The most popular approach is still Selberg’s formula, published almost 50 years ago. Selberg’s formula provides the flutter stability limit with reasonable accuracy if the aerodynamic properties of the cross section are similar to those of a flat plate, and the vertical and torsional modes have an identical shape. In this thesis an alternative analytical approach to Selberg’s formula is suggested. The formulae presented are based on the fundamental flutter equations, and the simplified solution is developed by introducing two assumptions. (i) The quasi-steady model for the self-excited forces outlined above is introduced in the equations of motion. (ii) The critical frequency is assumed to be on the torsional branch of the solution system and can be approximated by the uncoupled system of equations. It is demonstrated that by introducing these two approximations, the complexity of the flutter equations is significantly reduced, and if the still-air damping is neglected, a closed-form solution of the flutter stability limit may be obtained. The formula presented is very similar to Selberg’s formula, but contains coefficients taking into account the actual aerodynamic properties of the cross section and the possible imperfect shape-wise similarity of the vibration modes. The formulae presented are tested for a range of hypothetical structural configurations, in addition to the properties of a few well-known bridges, considering the aerodynamic properties of two cross sections. It is concluded that the proposed formulae provide results of adequate accuracy, and that they can be regarded as engineering approximations of the critical flutter velocity. This thesis also discusses unsteady modelling of the self-excited forces in the time domain. A comprehensive case study, where the wind-induced dynamic response of a slender suspension bridge is assessed in the time domain, is presented. Here, the selfexcited forces have been modelled, using rational functions, indicial functions, a novel modified rational function approach explained and introduced in this thesis, and a further developed modified quasi-steady theory. The quasi-steady model is a further development of the model outlined above. As explained above, in the modified quasisteady theory suggested in this thesis, the experimental results of the aerodynamic derivatives are approximated with curves providing a frequency-independent description of the self-excited forces in the important reduced-frequency range. This implies that the self-excited forces may be accurately modelled at frequencies corresponding to one horizontal, one vertical, and one torsional vibration mode. The further development presented here is to uncouple the aeroelastic system utilizing the right- and left-hand eigenvectors. This implies that the experimental results for the aerodynamic derivatives may be accurately approximated for all the natural frequencies of the aeroelastic system. It is concluded that all the unsteady models evaluated provide an adequate description of the self-excited forces, but that the unsteady models may be challenging to fit to the experimental data since the same coefficients are used in the expressions for the imaginary and real part of the transfer functions, which implies that two sets of data have to be approximated using the same coefficients. It is also seen that the quasi-steady model presented provides satisfying results. The results are in fact of higher accuracy than when some of the unsteady models are applied. As modern bridges become longer, slenderer and lighter, the use of nonlinear methods to evaluate the dynamic response may become necessary. This implies that time domain assessment of the wind-induced dynamic response will become more important in the future. When nonlinearities are introduced into the model, it is an advantage to use the degrees of freedom of the element model directly and not use still-air vibration modes as generalized degrees of freedom. This can be done modelling the self-excited forces at distinct points along the girder, but this will imply that a huge amount of convolution integrals have to be evaluated at each time step. Another approach is suggested in this thesis. The starting point is a traditional beam element with twelve degrees of freedom, where the convolution integrals are added as aerodynamic degrees of freedom in each node. This implies that the convolution integrals do not need to be evaluated explicitly, since their value is calculated just like the response of the structure. Four different aeroelastic beam elements have been developed and tested. It is concluded that the elements provide wind-induced dynamic response and flutter stability limits that correspond very well to results predicted by the traditional multimode approach in the frequency domain. Accurate modelling of the wind field is a crucial issue when predicting the dynamic response of long-span bridges. The wind field is most commonly modelled as a multivariate Gaussian stationary and homogeneous stochastic process, where the turbulence components are assumed independent. Since the wind field is affected by the roughness at the site, the turbulence components will become correlated, since threedimensional eddies are generated by the roughness elements, but this effect is normally neglected. In this thesis the measurements of the fluctuating wind carried out at the Sotra Bride in 1975 are reinvestigated. The cross-spectral densities of all the turbulence components have been determined using auto regressive (AR) models. It is concluded that the cross-spectral density of the u and w components may have a significant influence on the dynamic response, in particular for structures with low natural frequencies. However for the bridge considered, reasonable estimates of the windinduced dynamic response will still be obtained if the cross-spectral density of the u and w components is neglected, but the accuracy of the modelling will be improved if it is included.
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Bentley, Katie Anne. "Adaptive behaviour through morphological plasticity in natural and artificial systems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444539/.

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Our concept of intelligence is changing. Embodiment has led to the rise of morphologies in Artificial Intelligence (AI) research. This thesis focuses on two research questions: 1) How can system morphologies, well-adapted to changing environments, be designed? 2) How can adaptive behaviour be generated through morphology? It is the fundamental argument of this thesis that morphological plasticity (MP), the environmentally induced variation in growth or development, can provide a solution to both questions. Specifically, this thesis is based around a detailed study of diatom valve morphogenesis. Diatoms, a unicellular organism, construct intricate siliceous structures (valves) around themselves which exhibit high plasticity to the environment. Diatom valve morphogenesis is a good example of how morphologies can be well-adapted to changing environments, an open problem in AI, and how adaptive behaviour can be generated through morphological processes alone. Through a constructivist approach this thesis contributes to both understanding of MP in natural systems and the design of MP algorithms for artificial adaptive systems. Several original models and frameworks are defined within this thesis: the Nature's Batik Model of basic diatom valve morphogenesis the Cellanimat, a 'Dynamic Morphology' based on the unicell, capable of MP driven adaptive behaviour through its unique 'Artificial Cytoskeleton' model of cytoskeletal dynamics the Environment-Phenotype Map framework and the Cellanimat Colony Model, which combines all previous models for the investigation of MP mechanisms during diatom colony formation. Cellanimat dynamics and optimization are thoroughly investigated and the model is shown to be multi functional, evolvable, scalable and reasonably robust.
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Polatoğlu, İlker Özkan Fehime. "Chemical behaviour of clinoptilolite rich natural zeolite in Aqueous medium /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000352.pdf.

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Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute Of Technology, İzmir, 2005.
Keywords: Natural zeolite, clinoptilolite, aqueous media, ion exchange, adsorption. Includes bibliographical references (leaves . 70-73).
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Attewell, David. "The Natural Reflectance Signal and its Implications for Vision and Behaviour." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520588.

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Miflah, Hussain Ismail Ahamed. "Higher-level representations of natural images." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/39759.

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The traditional view of vision is that neurons in early cortical areas process information about simple features (e.g. orientation and spatial frequency) in small, spatially localised regions of visual space (the neuron's receptive field). This piecemeal information is then fed-forward into later stages of the visual system where it gets combined to form coherent and meaningful global (higher-level) representations. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine and quantify this higher level processing; how we encode global features in natural images and to understand the extent to which our perception of these global representations is determined by the local features within images. Using the tilt after-effect as a tool, the first chapter examined the processing of a low level, local feature and found that the orientation of a sinusoidal grating could be encoded in both a retinally and spatially non-specific manner. Chapter 2 then examined these tilt aftereffects to the global orientation of the image (i.e., uprightness). We found that image uprightness was also encoded in a retinally / spatially non-specific manner, but that this global property could be processed largely independently of its local orientation content. Chapter 3 investigated if our increased sensitivity to cardinal (vertical and horizontal) structures compared to inter-cardinal (45° and 135° clockwise of vertical) structures, influenced classification of unambiguous natural images. Participants required relatively less contrast to classify images when they retained near-cardinal as compared to near-inter-cardinal structures. Finally, in chapter 4, we examined category classification when images were ambiguous. Observers were biased to classify ambiguous images, created by combining structures from two distinct image categories, as carpentered (e.g., a house). This could not be explained by differences in sensitivity to local structures and is most likely the result of our long-term exposure to city views. Overall, these results show that higher-level representations are not fully dependent on the lower level features within an image. Furthermore, our knowledge about the environment influences the extent to which we use local features to rapidly identify an image.
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Stamataki, Sofia. "Application of equations of state to gas condensate phase behaviour modelling." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2126.

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Books on the topic "Natural behaviour"

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Fiala, Oliver. Natural Disasters and Individual Behaviour in Developing Countries. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53904-1.

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Hirshleifer, Jack. Economic behaviour in adversity. Brighton, Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books, 1987.

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Hirshleifer, Jack. Economic behaviour in adversity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

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W, Tatler Benjamin, ed. Looking and acting: Vision and eye movements in natural behaviour. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Attenborough, David. The trials of life: A natural history of animal behaviour. London: Guild Publishing, 1990.

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Attenborough, David. The trials of life: A natural history of animal behaviour. London: Reader's Digest Association, 1992.

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Attenborough, David. The trials of life: A natural history of animal behaviour. London: Collins, 1990.

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Land, Michael F. Looking and acting: Vision and eye movements in natural behaviour. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Attenborough, David. The private life of plants: A natural history of plant behaviour. Boston: Compass Press, 1995.

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Attenborough, David. The private life of plants: A natural history of plant behaviour. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Natural behaviour"

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van Alphen, J. J. M., and M. A. Jervis. "Foraging Behaviour." In Insect Natural Enemies, 1–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0013-7_1.

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van den Assem, J. "Mating Behaviour." In Insect Natural Enemies, 163–221. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0013-7_3.

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Fellowes, Mark D. E., Jacques J. M. van Alphen, and Mark A. Jervis. "Foraging Behaviour." In Insects As Natural Enemies, 1–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2625-6_1.

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Hardy, Ian C. W., Paul J. Ode, and Michael Siva-Jothy. "Mating Behaviour." In Insects As Natural Enemies, 219–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2625-6_4.

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Nykänen, Hannes. "Westermarck, sympathy and natural selection." In Evolution, Human Behaviour and Morality, 181–93. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315581378-15.

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Horner, Susan, and Swarbrooke John. "Man-made crises, natural disasters and tourist behaviour." In Consumer Behaviour in Tourism, 345–72. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | First and second editions entered under: Swarbrooke, John.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003046721-21.

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Cartwright, John. "Natural Selection, Inclusive Fitness and the Selfish Gene." In Evolution and Human Behaviour, 35–49. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-34801-2_3.

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Smejda-Krzewicka, A., W. M. Rzymski, and P. Dmowska-Jasek. "Wood Flour as a Filler of Natural and Epoxidised Natural Rubber." In Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymer Materials, 485–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41879-7_34.

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Fatès, Nazim, and Hugues Berry. "Robustness of the Critical Behaviour in a Discrete Stochastic Reaction-Diffusion Medium." In Natural Computing, 141–48. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53868-4_16.

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Sæther, Arild. "Theory of Human Behaviour." In Natural Law and the Origin of Political Economy, 60–75. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315617350-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Natural behaviour"

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Duan, Yuting, Xudong Jing, Yingfeng Meng, and Pingya Luo. "Closure Behaviour of Natural Rock Fractures." In SPE/AAPG Western Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/62539-ms.

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Takagi, H., and Y. Hagiwara. "Fracture behaviour of natural fibre reinforced composites." In HPSM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hpsm100211.

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Jäger, Jonas, Marcel Simon, Joachim Denzler, Viviane Wolff, Klaus Fricke-Neuderth, and Claudia Kruschel. "Croatian Fish Dataset: Fine-grained classification of fish species in their natural habitat." In Machine Vision of Animals and their Behaviour Workshop 2015. British Machine Vision Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.29.mvab.6.

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Ahmad, A., Z. Yahya, N. A. Q. Mohd Daud, and M. Daud. "Electrochemical behaviour of aluminum alloys in natural seawater." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy and Environment (ICEE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceenviron.2009.5398659.

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Lu, W., Q. Liu, and Z. D. Wang. "Gelling behaviour of natural ester transformer liquid under thermal ageing." In 2012 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve.2012.6357101.

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Panchal, V. K., Samiksha Goel, Divya Bhugra, and Vipul Singhania. "Study on the behaviour of BBO over natural terrain features." In 2011 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology (ICECT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icectech.2011.5941850.

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Brokans, A., and L. Ozola. "Behaviour of creep of timber beams under natural environmental conditions." In HPSM/OPTI 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hpsm140441.

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Mathias, Sandeep, Diptesh Kanojia, Abhijit Mishra, and Pushpak Bhattacharya. "A Survey on Using Gaze Behaviour for Natural Language Processing." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/683.

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Gaze behaviour has been used as a way to gather cognitive information for a number of years. In this paper, we discuss the use of gaze behaviour in solving different tasks in natural language processing (NLP) without having to record it at test time. This is because the collection of gaze behaviour is a costly task, both in terms of time and money. Hence, in this paper, we focus on research done to alleviate the need for recording gaze behaviour at run time. We also mention different eye tracking corpora in multiple languages, which are currently available and can be used in natural language processing. We conclude our paper by discussing applications in a domain - education - and how learning gaze behaviour can help in solving the tasks of complex word identification and automatic essay grading.
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Retna, V. Selina Annie, P. Brundha, and G. RajKumar. "People’s Behaviour Analysis in Chat Message using Natural Language Processing." In 2021 Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicv50876.2021.9388596.

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Barifah, Maram, and Monica Landoni. "Emotions associated with failed searches in a digital library." In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2027.

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Introduction. This paper discusses causes behind failed searches from the searchers’ perspective and examines associated emotions. Method. We conducted an online study with real users in their natural settings. Participants were asked to use a digital library and run one specific and one exploratory search task, using their own topics. They also answered pre- and post-questionnaires for both task types. Analysis. Three types of analysis were conducted: (i) one descriptive on answers in questionnaires, (ii) one textual on users’ failure reports to identify the causes and elicit associated emotions and (iii) one behavioural analysis of the interactions recorded in log files. Results. Users identified the lack of coverage and poor usability as main causes behind failed searches. We examined search behaviour along with declared perceptions of the causes behind failures and realised that the digital library functionalities were not fully used. Poor awareness of the digital library functionalities could be an unreported cause for search failures. In general, users had a positive attitude toward the digital library, expressing trust, joy, and anticipation. Anger and sadness were linked specifically to failed searches. Conclusions. There persists a need to improve the digital library systems and simplify their interfaces. The emotional effect is a significant factor that need to be considered in the user experience studies.
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Reports on the topic "Natural behaviour"

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Handelman, Corinne. Natural Area Stewardship Volunteers: Motivations, Attitudes, Behaviors. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1058.

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Bleiweiss, Max P., and Christopher D. Padilla. Temporal Behavior of Natural Terrain Radiance at Infrared Wavelengths. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada320256.

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Cameron, Lisa, and Manisha Shah. Risk-Taking Behavior in the Wake of Natural Disasters. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19534.

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Chou, Shin-Yi, Jin-Tan Liu, and James Hammitt. Health Insurance and Households' Precautionary Behaviors - An Unusual Natural Experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9394.

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Keimowitz, Alison, James Ranville, Brian Mailloux, and Linda Figueroa. Linking AS, SE, V, and MN Behavior to Natural Biostimulated Uranium Cycling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1241908.

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Baird, Austin, Austin Glover, and Brian Ehrhart. Review of Release Behavior of Hydrogen & Natural Gas Blends from Pipelines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1817836.

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Ashley, Carlee E., Eric C. Carnes, Bryan James Kaehr, Jason C. Harper, and C. Jeffrey Brinker. Nature versus nurture in cellular behavior and disease. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055868.

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Tetzlaff, Sasha, Jinelle Sperry, Bruce Kingsburg, and Brett DeGregorio. Captive-rearing duration may be more important than environmental enrichment for enhancing turtle head-starting success. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41800.

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Raising captive animals past critical mortality stages for eventual release (head-starting) is a common conservation tactic. Counterintuitively, post-release survival can be low. Post-release behavior affecting survival could be influenced by captive-rearing duration and housing conditions. Practitioners have adopted environmental enrichment to promote natural behaviors during head-starting such as raising animals in naturalistic enclosures. Using 32 captive-born turtles (Terrapene carolina), half of which were raised in enriched enclosures, we employed a factorial design to explore how enrichment and rearing duration affected post-release growth, behavior, and survival. Six turtles in each treatment (enriched or unenriched) were head-started for nine months (cohort one). Ten turtles in each treatment were head-started for 21 months (cohort two). At the conclusion of captive-rearing, turtles in cohort two were overall larger than cohort one, but unenriched turtles were generally larger than enriched turtles within each cohort. Once released, enriched turtles grew faster than unenriched turtles in cohort two, but we otherwise found minimal evidence suggesting enrichment affected post-release survival or behavior. Our findings suggest attaining larger body sizes from longer captive-rearing periods to enable greater movement and alleviate susceptibility to predation (the primary cause of death) could be more effective than environmental enrichment alone in chelonian head-starting programs where substantial predation could hinder success.
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Jewett, J. R. The chemical behavior of the transuranic elements and the barrier function in natural aquifer systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/313363.

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Tyack, Peter. Baseline Behavior of Pilot Whales and their Responses to Playback of Anthropogenic and Natural Sounds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598670.

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