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1
Torpner, Jessie, and Elvira Boman. "Characterization of Natural Peruvian Dyes on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326414.
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Mcclure, Kathryn Raeburn. "Development of new extraction methods for analysis of natural and synthetic organic colourants from historical and artistic matrices." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29168.
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In this thesis, an innovative approach for the extraction and clean-up of natural and synthetic
textile dyes based on a recently developed ammonia extraction protocol and a novel
Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) is presented. The thesis builds upon recent
research highlighting the benefits of the ammonia-based extraction protocol for efficient
extraction and preservation of the glycosyl moieties present in some types of natural dyes.
This state-of-the-art extraction technique requires the use of a clean-up step to purify and preconcentrate the dye molecules for analysis. This clean-up step has never before been
investigated or developed, and current methods rely upon traditional Liquid-Liquid Extractions
(LLE), which are not well suited to the very small quantities of materials available for the
analysis of artefacts of cultural heritage. The novel DLLME protocol presented by this thesis
was developed in order to improve the recovery of natural dyes for analysis, and is also the
first clean-up protocol to be developed for the analysis of synthetic textile dyes from cultural
heritage matrices. Whilst a clean-up system has never before been applied to synthetic dyes
within cultural heritage, pre-concentration and pre-treatment protocols are frequently reported
for analysis of the same type of dyes used in food colourants. For this reason, this research
adapts a DLLME method from the analysis of edible products, and combines this with the
state-of-the-art ammonia extraction method reported in literature. DLLME protocols for both
natural and synthetic dyes were developed and optimised first on known analytical standards,
considered representative of the possible structures of natural dyes and synthetic azoic acid
dyes respectively. The extraction recoveries of a variety of disperser and extraction solvents
were analysed using HPLC coupled with targeted mass spectrometry. The optimised
conditions were then coupled with the ammonia based extraction to ensure coherence of the
methods. The results showed significant improvements in the recovery of natural dye analytes
compared to current methods, as well as increased precision and efficiency. For synthetic
dyes, results showed adequate recovery of analytes and allowed the ammonia-based
extraction method to be applied successfully for the first time. After optimisation, the protocol
for synthetic dyes was applied successfully to 15 samples (11 fibres, 4 powders) of suspected
azo dyes from the Azienda Coloranti Nazionali e Affini (ACNA) synthetic dye collection housed
at Sapienza University of Rome’s Museum of Chemistry. The novel protocol was performed
after preliminary Raman screening to obtain some introductory information about the unknown
samples in the collection. After application of the novel protocol, the samples were identified
through untargeted analysis by HPLC-HRMS.
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Zongo, Sidiki. "Nonlinear optical properties of natural dyes based on optical resonance." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4635.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScRecent research shows that the study of optical properties of organic material natural dyes has gained much consideration. The specific functional groups in several natural dyes remain essential for the large nonlinear absorption expressed in terms of nonlinear optical susceptibilities or other mechanism of absorption such as two photon absorption (TPA), reverse saturable absorption (RSA) or intensitydependent refractive index characteristic. In this thesis we highlight the optical limiting responses of selected natural dyes as nonlinear response in the femtosecond regime. This technique refers to the decrease of the transmittance of the material with the increased incident light intensity.Three dyes derived from beetroot, flame flower and mimosa flower dyes were investigated. The results showed a limiting behaviour around 795 mW for the beetroot and the flame dye while there is total transmission in the flame dye sample. The performance of the nonlinearity i.e. the optical limiting is related to the existence of alternating single and double bonds (i.e. C-C and C=C bonds) in the molecules that provides the material with the electron delocalization, but also it is related to the light intensity.Beside nonlinearity study, crystallographic investigation was carried out for more possible applicability of the selected dyes and this concerned only the mimosa and flame flower dye thin film samples since the beetroot thin film was very sensitive to strong irradiation (i.e. immediately destroyed when exposed to light with high intensity). For more stability,dye solutions were encapsulated in gels for further measurements.
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Drivas, Ioannis. "Chemical modification of natural dyes and their application in textiles." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505070.
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Datsko, O. I. "Using natural dyes in ukrainian lizhnyck’s textile crafts: ecological aspect." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11625.
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Abouamer, Karima Massaud. "Application of natural dyes in textile industry and the treatment of dye solutions using electrolytic techniques." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5088.
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Anodic oxidation of a commercial dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions using an electrochemical cell is reported. Data are provided on the effects of eight different types of supporting electrolytes, concentration of electrolytes, initial dye concentration, current and electrolytic time on the percentage removal of methylene blue. Anodic oxidation was found to be effective in achieving the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The optimised electrolytic conditions, for the removal of methylene blue (MB), were applied to the removal of azure A (AA), azure B (AB), azure C (AC), toluidine blue 0 (TBO), new methylene blue (NMB), dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB), thionine (TH), methylene green (MG), methyl violet (MV), Nile blue (NB), neutral red (NR), acridine orange (AO) and resorufin (RS) from aqueous solutions containing sodium chloride. Results indicated that between 84 to 100% of each dye of phenothiazine was removed during 60 minutes of electrolysis. The percentage removals for the phenothiazine dyes followed the following decreasing order: (MG ≈ MV) > (DMMB ≈ AA) > (AB ≈ AC ≈ NMB) > TBO > TH. However, the azine, acridine and oxazine dyes showed between 98 to 99% colour removal and the following decreasing order: NB ≈ NR > AO ≈ RS. Strongly electron withdrawing substituents such as nitro group or carbonyl group increases the degradation of the phenothiazine chromophore, whereas the electron donating groups such as amino and alkyl amino groups decrease the degradation. Anodic oxidation studies were extended to the destruction of eight permitted food colours, with azo and triarylmethane chromophore, from aqueous solution containing either sodium chloride or sodium sulphate as a supporting electrolyte. Again, sodium chloride was found to be the best supporting electrolyte and between 97 to 100% colour removal was achieved after 60 minutes of electrolysis. The percentage removal for the single azo based colourants followed the following increasing order: carmoisine > sunset yellow FCF > amaranth > ponceau 411 > tartrazine. However, the binary and ternary mixtures of food colour showed the following increasing order: blue > green > yellow food colours. The extractions and applications of 54 different types of natural dyes (53 from plants and one from animal origin) are evaluated using simple techniques. The extracted natural dyes were applied in dyeing three types of textile fabrics viz: a) paj silk, b) brushed cotton twill and c) crystallized shimmering satin. The effects of two eco-friendly mordants (alum and iron) on the dyeing process were compared with the dyeing process without mordants. The colour fastness to wash and light (both natural and artificial sun light) of these natural dyes were also assessed. The results showed that out of the 54 dyestuffs studied, 32 plants are potentially able to produce marketable natural dyes. These dyes produced good colour and met minimal performance standards for colour fastness to light and washing. The addition of mordants generally increased the fastness properties. Silk gave the best performance of dyeing uptake and stability. Cotton gave the poorest fastness properties. The overall results showed that, considering molecular associations, the fastness properties were of the order: anthraquinones and tannins> indigoid > flavones> flavonols > flavanols> carotenoids> anthocyanins. Anodic oxidation studies were extended to the destruction of ten natural dyes from aqueous solutions containing either sodium chloride or sodium sulphate as a supporting electrolyte. Anodic oxidation was effective in achieving the removal of green tea (35%), spinach (69%), Langdale yellow and turmeric (95%), carmine, saffron, henna (97%), beetroot, karkade and sumac (98%). However, TOC measurements and the UV analyses indicated that some organic intermediate compounds were formed in the presence of sodium chloride.
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Luo, Xujun. "Synthesis of reactive disperse dyes for dyeing natural fabrics in supercritical CO2." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18859/.
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Over the course of time, the dyeing industry has become one of the greater polluters of water worldwide. The sheer volume of water and the high concentration of additives used in textile colouration are staggering, which have already caused unrepairable damage to environment and continue to directly impact on the sustainability of textile colouration industry. “Supercritical CO2 dyeing” uses supercritical CO2 as the dyeing medium, enabling the reduction and even elimination of the creation of textile colouration wastewater. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) has a low critical point and is non-flammable. It can be recycled, providing a promising environmentally friendly substitute for aqueous media. Reactive disperse dyes that have both reactivity towards natural fabrics and high solubility in scCO2 would offer great promise for colouring natural fabrics. In this study, the isocyanate group, as a reactive group, was introduced to disperse dyes to create reactive disperse dyes suitable for supercritical dyeing. Thus, a series of reactive disperse dyes, containing both isocyanate groups and alkyl groups were successfully synthesised. Dyeing experiments under different dyeing conditions were performed to establish the optimal dyeing conditions for these synthesised dyes. A new synthesis route was developed to create an azo-based disperse reactive dye containing the vinyl sulphonyl reactive group, which was used to dye natural fibres using scCO2 as the dyeing medium. Using relatively moderate, optimal conditions in the scCO2 dyeing processes, uniform dyeing with high colour strength and fastness properties that were similar to those from conventional aqueous dyeing were achieved on natural fabrics that were dyed with the synthesised dyes. Furthermore, there are opportunities to modify a wide range of disperse dyes following this synthesis route.
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Schrader, Erica. "Comparison of aluminum mordants on colorfastness of natural dyes on cotton and bamboo fabrics." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4151.
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Forman, Gabriela Alexandra da Cunha Santos. "The importance of biotechnology in the textile industry." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12440.
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Sampaio, Samuel Gondim. "Study and Characterization of New Natural Dyes for Application in Sensitized solar cells." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11335.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoEste trabalho apresenta um estudo e caracterizaÃÃo de corantes com flores de plantas coletadas na regiÃo Nordeste do Brasil, tais como: a Sida cordifolia (malva branca), a Catharanthus roseus (boa noite) e a Torenia fournieri (amor-perfeito-de-verÃo), Allamanda catÃrtica (alamanda da flor grande) e Cobaea scandens (sino de catedral). Foi estudado e observado a influÃncia dos flavonoides na sensibilizaÃÃo dos corantes naturais por meio de um protÃtipo de cÃlula fotovoltaica, com vidros condutores com um filme de SnO2:F produzidos por spray PirÃlise. As plantas foram submetidas a um tratamento de lavagem. Foram maceradas e imersas em um solvente extrator. ApÃs alguns dias, foram concentradas no rotaevaporador a uma velocidade 160 rpm em temperatura ambiente por 40 minutos. Este corante foi aplicado sobre uma camada de TiO2 e entÃo a cÃlula foi testada sob a luz solar. Os valores obtidos foram: Torenia fournieri, corrente de curto-circuito = 0,44 mA e tensÃo de circuito aberto = 0,16 V; Catharanthus roseus, corrente de curto-circuito = 0,43 mA e tensÃo de circuito aberto = 0,14 V; Sida cordifolia, corrente de curto-circuito = 0,22 mA e tensÃo de circuito aberto = 0,19 V; Allamanda catÃrtica, corrente de curto-circuito = 0,19 mA e tensÃo de circuito aberto = 0,12V; Cobaea scandens, corrente de curto-circuito = 0,32 mA e tensÃo de circuito aberto = 0,17V. Estes resultados podem fornecer mais dados para melhor entendimento e uso de novos corantes naturais em cÃlulas solares.
This paper presents a study and characterization of dyes with flowers of plants collected in the Northeast of Brazil, such as Sida cordifolia (malva branca), the Catharanthus roseus (boa noite), Torenia fournieri (amor-perfeito-de-verÃo), Alamanda cathartic (alamanda da flor grande) and Cobaea scandens (sino de catedral). Was studied and observed the influence of flavonoids in the sensitization of natural dyes by means of a prototype solar cell with conductive film with a glass of SnO2: F produced by spray pyrolysis. The conductive glass was obtained precursor solution (HCl/H2O) containing of tin II chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and a slide glass heated to 600 Â C. The solution was sprayed on the heated substrate. About conductive glass was deposited a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The layer was obtained by dissolving in commercial TiO2 powder acetic acid (CH3CO2H) and Triton X. The electrolyte was a solution of iodine / triiodide into the intracellular regeneration cycle, the counter electrode was a layer made of graphite. The plants were treated with a by washing with deionized water, drying with heat gun and Silica Gel to absorb moisture. Were macerated and immersed in an organic solvent. After a few days, were concentrated in a rotary evaporator at a speed 160 rpm at room temperature for 40 minutes. This dye was applied on the TiO2 layer and then the cell was tested under sunlight. The values obtained were: Torenia fournieri, short-circuit current = 0.44 mA and open circuit voltage V = 0.16; Catharanthus roseus, short-circuit current = 0.43 mA = 0 and open-circuit voltage, 14 V, Sida cordifolia, short-circuit current = 0.22 mA and open circuit voltage V = 0.19; Allamanda cathartic, short-circuit current = 0.19 mA and open circuit voltage V = 0.12; Cobaea scandens, short-circuit current = 0.32 mA and open circuit voltage = 0.17 V. These results may provide more data for better understanding and use of new natural dyes in solar cells.
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Velho, Sérgio Roberto Knorr. "Desenvolvimento de corantes naturais para uso em plástico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150608.
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O trabalho buscou identificar se o intemperismo acelerado Xênon, utilizando a norma ASTM D4452-12, em corantes naturais encapsulados em matriz de sílica pelo processo sol gel com o uso de alcóxidos, conforme descrito pela patente INPI BR 10 2013 0219835, e injetadas em matriz de policloreto de polivinila (PVC) preservam as características de cor original dos corantes. Utilizou-se comparação dos mesmos corantes naturais – carmim, curcuma, índigo e urucum – sem encapsulamento e com encapsulamento, e injetados na mesma matriz de PVC. Executou-se a determinação da variação da cor antes do ensaio de intemperismo e após 126 h, 252 h, 378 h e 504 h em câmara de intemperismo Xênon utilizando-se a norma ASTM D4459-12. Utilizou-se o corante Tartrazina (INS 102) um azo corante sem encapsulamento como comparação do comportamento dos corantes naturais com um corante sintético. Os resultados indicam que não houve proteção da perda da coloração para os corantes naturais encapsulados, sendo a perda de coloração mais acentuada que os não encapsulados. Concluiu-se que é necessário executar alguns cuidados nas fases de encapsulamento dos corantes naturais como: uma dispersão cuidadosa dos corantes naturais e inclusão de um processo de repetição do encapsulamento do xerogel.The study aimed to identify the Xenon accelerated weathering, using ASTM D4452-12 standards, of natural dyes encapsulated in the silica matrix by the sol-gel process with the use of alkoxides as described by the patent INPI BR 10 2013 0219835, and injected into matrix of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) preserve characteristics of original color of the dye. We used to compare the same natural colors - carmine, turmeric, indigo and annatto - without encapsulation and with encapsulation, and injected into the same matrix of PVC. Performed to determine the change in color before the weathering test after 126 h, 252 h, 378 h and 504 h in Xenon weathering chamber using ASTM D4459- 12 standards. We used the dye Tartrazine (INS 102) an azo dye without encapsulation as a comparison of the behavior of natural dyes with a synthetic dye. The results indicate that there was no protection of natural dyes encapsulated, with the loss of saturation more severe than the non-encapsulated natural dyes. It follows that some care needs to perform the encapsulation stages of natural dyes as a careful dispersion of natural colorants includes a process of repeat the encapsulation of the xerogel.
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Kritis, Matt. "Natural dyes : thickening madder, weld, and woad for screenprinting of Turkish inspired textile prints." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3899.
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McAllister, Liam John. "Modification of natural dyes for superior dyeing capability, high fastness and wide colour gamut." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590472.
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The issue of sustainability has pervaded many areas of technology in recent years, in response to concerns over the possible impact of such technologies on the environment. One such technology is the textile industry, which is at present heavily dependent upon the supply of petrochemicals. The petrochemical industry will at some point in the immediate future, have to tackle not only the price of oil but also the gradual decrease in its availability. The development of technologies that offer genuine solutions to these problems are of crucial importance. Azo dyes account for a major percentage of the dyes currently in use, with anthracene-9,IO-dione based dyes responsible for a sizeable proportion of the remaining market. Azo dyes have many excellent characteristics from a dyeing perspective, but their suspected toxicity following degradation may at some point in the future curtail their use. The synthesis of anthracene-9,10-dione based dyes requires multi-stage synthesis coupled with isomeric separation, and from a commercial viewpoint only blues and reds prove cost effective. By means of simple one-step synthetic modifications this study has shown, that modified naturally occurring anthracene-9,lO-dione based dyes show excellent technical performance in some cases on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The improvements made over their natural precursors include; higher dye exhaustion, improved colour strength, better saturation chroma (C*), and improvements in light fastness. The most effective derivatives are produced following alkyl substitution across adjacent hydroxyl groups, which yielded cyclic acetals and ethers with improved dyeing characteristics.
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Machado, Fábio Keller. "Corantes alimentares naturais: extração, foto e termo estabilidade." Master's thesis, ISA, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6873.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis study’s main goal was to search for natural dyes of a plant origin. Two different plants, Calendula officinalis and Centaurea cyanus, were studied. Several extraction solvents (such as ethanol, methanol and other solvent mixtures) were tested, and for the centaurea flowers, different pH levels were also tested (1, 4, 6, 8 and 10). The bioactivity of the extracts was analysed in terms of colour, anthocyanin and carotene content, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds. Tests to the photo and thermal stability of the extracts were performed to understand their resistance to variations of temperature and light conditions. From the obtained results it was possible to determine the best extraction process and understand in which food types these extracts could be better used in. For the calendula dyes, methanol was the best extraction solvent, and it was concluded that the extracts have a high resistance to both thermal and photo degradation. In case of the centaurea dyes, it was verified that the best extraction solvent was a mixture of ethanol and water acidified with HCl (60:40), with a pH level of 1. Contrary to the calendula extracts, these didn’t show a promising resistance level to the external conditions studied.
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Hochhalter, Elise. "Neither this, nor that." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6135.
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Rossi, Ticiane. "Resíduo líquido do tratamento com vapor da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden, aplicado como corante têxtil natural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-24032014-133049/.
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Aspectos ligados à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente têm ampliado o interesse da sociedade pelo uso de corantes naturais. Nesse contexto, inclui-se o retorno ao uso de corantes provenientes de matérias-primas de base florestal. Uma fonte potencial encontra-se na operação industrial de tratamento da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis por vapor. Usualmente, o resíduo líquido gerado ao final do processo é descartado, porém, por possuir cor, seu potencial como um corante natural para fibras têxteis foi aqui investigado. Especificamente, o resíduo foi aplicado em tecidos de algodão, lã e nylon, considerando-se o processo de tingimento por esgotamento. Foram estudados os efeitos da concentração do corante, forma de aplicação, in natura e em pó, tempo, temperatura, pH do banho de tingimento, e adição de sais metálicos no tingimento. Foi avaliada a solidez da cor dos tecidos tingidos quanto à luz, lavagem doméstica e fricção. O estudo contemplou as avaliação das características físico-química do resíduo, nos quesitos pH, cor, cromatografia de camada delgada e teores de sólidos totais e taninos condensados. Os resultados indicaram o resíduo líquido apresentando cor marrom, pH ácido, teor médio de sólidos totais e taninos condensados, respectivamente, de 2,2% e 0,93%. Os resultados das análises de cromatografia de camada delgada sugeriram a presença do ácido tânico na composição do resíduo. Em relação aos resultados de solidez de cor, verificou-se uma boa resistência dos tecidos tingidos à lavagem doméstica e uma solidez de cor à luz típica dos corantes naturais. Observou-se ainda uma boa solidez à fricção, com destaque para o excelente índice de fricção a seco nas malhas de algodão. O resíduo líquido revelou-se como um corante natural, com potencial de aceitação pela indústria têxtil, visando o tingimento de algodão, lã e nylon.Natural dyes are gaining interest due to their expected low risk to human health and the environment. A source of natural dye was found in industrial operation of steaming Eucalyptus grandis wood. The liquid waste generated at the end of the process has been discarded. Due to this fact and the intensity of the color of the product, it was emerged the idea of this study, considering natural dye for textile fabrics. The waste was used for dyeing cotton, nylon and wool by exhaustion dyeing process. The effects of the dye concentration, the application in liquid and powder form, time, temperature, pH of the dyeing bath and the addition of metal salts in the bath were evaluated. The physic-chemical characteristics of the waste as pH, color, thin layer chromatography, and total solids and condensed tannins were also investigated. The resulting dyed fabrics were evaluated for color fastness to light, domestic washing and rubbing. The waste showed brown color, acidic pH, average total solids content of 2.2% and content of condensed tannins of 0.93%. The results from thin layer chromatography of the residue suggested the presence of tannic acid in its composition. Regarding the color fastness, it was found a very good result considering domestic washfastness, with lightfastness typical of natural dyes. The rubbing fastness was good, especially for cotton, which presented excellent grades. It was possible to consider the liquid residue as product potentially destined to the textile industry, regarding the natural dyeing of cotton, nylon and wool.
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Davis, Caroline Elizabeth. "A human ecological consideration of natural dyes and dyeing in San Juan La Laguna, Guatemala." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ59714.pdf.
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Rodrigues, Janice Accioli Ramos. "Uso de corantes de origem natural para o tingimento de artigos têxteis de moda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-03072013-140244/.
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Diante do caos, principalmente ambiental e social, que o planeta terra tem vivenciado, muito tem se falado em sustentabilidade e suas correspondentes estratégias para tentar deter essa situação. Indo ao encontro desta iniciativa foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho, intitulado de Uso dos corantes de origem natural no tingimento de artigos têxteis de Moda cujo objetivo principal foi o de trazer pigmentações naturais sem formulações tão agressivas para a aplicação em artigos do vestuário de moda e, assim, tentar conter, ao menos, em parte, o estrago que a indústria têxtil, uma das maiores poluidoras do meio ambiente, tem causado no mundo. Para isto, foi estabelecida uma metodologia que consistiu em quatro etapas, ou seja, pesquisa de dados bibliográficos para servir de referência sobre a temática em questão e a obtenção de pigmentos naturais oriundos de plantas amazônicas, escolha dos substratos têxteis, selecionados de acordo com a afinidade com os extratos corantes, análise da potencialidade de aplicação dos corantes nos substratos estudados (verificação do índice de solidez dos corantes à lavagem e à luz) e produção de uma cartela de cores, uma coleção e artigos de vestuário com os tecidos tingidos com alguns dos corantes estudados. Como principais resultados deste trabalho obtiveram-se corantes que, na interação com as fibras, provocaram tingimentos uniformes, pouca quantidade usada destes materiais, composição química inserida nos padrões sustentáveis, poucos resíduos expelidos nas sobras dos banhos de tingimento, uma cartela de cores variadas, boa solidez às lavagens e à luz, uma coleção de roupas e quatro peças confeccionadas da mesma, com o uso dos corantes naturais, o que conferiu aos extratos corantes a qualidade de sustentáveis.Faced with the chaos, especially environmental and social, that the planet earth has experienced, much has been said in sustainability and their corresponding strategies to try to stop this situation. Going to meet this initiative is the present work, entitled \"Use of natural dyes in textile dyeing Fashion\" whose main objective is to bring natural pigmentations without such aggressive formulations for use in articles of clothing industry, thus try to contain, at least in part, the damage to the textile industry, a major environmental pollutant, has caused in the world. For this, a methodology was established which consisted of four steps, i.e., search of bibliographic data for reference on the subject in question and obtaining natural pigments from Amazonian plants, choice of textile substrates selected according to the affinity with dye extracts, analysis of potential application of dyes on the substrates studied (check the index of dye fastness to washing and light) and production of a color palette, a collection and garments with dyed fabrics with some of the dyes studied. The main results of this work were obtained dyes that, in interaction with the fibers, caused uniforms dyes, little amount of these materials used, chemical composition inserted in sustainable patterns, little waste expelled the remains of dye baths, a varied color palette, good fastness to washing and light, clothing collection and four pieces made, with the use of natural dyes, which gave the dye extracts sustainable quality.
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Dowley, Alexie. "The effects of body decomposition fluid on clothing dyes in natural cotton fibres using hyperspectral imaging analysis." Thesis, Dowley, Alexie (2020) The effects of body decomposition fluid on clothing dyes in natural cotton fibres using hyperspectral imaging analysis. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/59619/.
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Body coverings such as clothing and blankets can provide valuable information into determining the time since death in criminal investigations. Natural fibres, such as cotton, have the ability to retain and embed decomposition fluid within the fibres themselves. Analysis of these fluids can provide valuable information into the lipid profile at different stages of body decomposition.
Through the use of ATR-FTIR and CG-MS, analysis of by-products from tissue break down can be determined to examine the chemical processes that occur. These by-products also assist in understanding the preserving effect natural fibres experience in the presence of adipocere. Many environmental conditions such as seasonal temperature and location have been researched to understand this concept. Both surface and burial remains have been examined to determine the differences in time a body takes to reach each stage of decomposition. A knowledge gap was identified, relating to the extent the decomposition process may affects changes in clothing dyes as a possible factor in time of death estimations.
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Li, Meihui. "A comprehensive study of natural organic dyes in historical mediterranean textil by liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27739.
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Thesis involves an optimized chromatographic and spectroscopic study of textiles, dyed
with natural organic dyestuffs, aiming at the identification of chromophore constituents and
their possible degradation products. Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry coupled
with photodiode array detection has been applied for the samples’ analyses after the
selective extraction of chromophores from the substrate. The under investigation natural
organic dyes are those with a particular cultural value since they have been widely used for
textiles staining in the Mediterranean region since Antiquity. Improved “Mild Acid
Hydrolysis” with methanol/formic acid enabled the observation of intact organic dyes from
the silk textiles, while a water/ACN solvent system has also been employed for the pre
treatment of dyestuffs from both reference and silk samples, which has successfully
preserved the chemical information of dye compounds in order to create a comprehensive
database for the characterization of natural organic dyes in further studies. Moreover, three
different chromatographic programs were applied and compared in LC-PDA-MS, and the
best separation result from Program B has been employed to the analysis of the real samples
from Turkish silk textiles created by a historical dyeing recipes, and a certain amount of
effective information in terms of qualitative analysis has been clarified; Περίληψη:
Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αφορά την βελτιστοποιημένη χρωματογραφική και
φασματοσκοπική μελέτη κλωστοϋφαντουργικών προϊόντων βαμμένων με φυσικές
οργανικές χρωστικές, με στόχο την ταυτοποίηση των έγχρωμων συστατικών τους καθώς
και πιθανών προϊόντων αποικοδόμησης τους. Οι υπό διερεύνηση φυσικές οργανικές
χρωστικές είναι ιδιαίτερης πολιτιστικής αξίας, δεδομένου ότι έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί
ευρέως για την βαφή υφασμάτων στην περιοχή της Μεσογείου από την Αρχαιότητα. Για
την εκχύλιση των έγχρωμων ενώσεων των φυσικών οργανικών χρωστικών από τα
δείγματα αναφοράς καθώς και από τα ιστορικά δείγματα μεταξιού, εφαρμόστηκε μία ήπια
μέθοδος εκχύλισης με σύστημα διαλυτών νερού/ACN σε λουτρό υπερήχων. Επιπλέον, για
την απόσπαση των χρωστικών από τα ιστορικά δείγματα προηγήθηκε στάδιο
προκατεργασίας με μίγμα μεθανόλης/μυρμηκικού οξέος και θέρμανση σε ήπιες συνθήκες.
Η εφαρμογή ήπιων συνθηκών εκχύλισης επέτρεψε την απόσπαση των έγχρωμων ενώσεων
των φυσικών οργανικών χρωστικών, διατηρώντας επιτυχώς το σύνολο των χημικών
πληροφορίων που θα μας επέτρεπαν τον απόλυτο χαρακτηρισμό των φυσικών χρωστικών.
Για την ανάλυση των δειγμάτων μετά την εκλεκτική εκχύλιση των έγχρωμων ενώσεων από
τα υποστρώματα, εφαρμόστηκε η υγρή χρωματογραφία – φασματοσκοπία μάζας, LCMS.
Συνολικά εφαρμόστηκαν και συγκρίθηκαν τρία διαφορετικά προγράμματα LCMS, εκ των
οποίων τα καλύτερα αποτελέσματα διαχωρισμού και ταυτοποίησης επιτεύχθηκαν με το
Πρόγραμμα Β. Το πρόγραμμα αυτό εφαρμόστηκε και για την ανάλυση των ιστορικών
δειγμάτων από τουρκικά μεταξωτά υφάσματα, βαμμένα βάσει ιστορικών συνταγών βαφής.
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Melo, Natalia Covre de. "Triagem de novas fontes de xilanases com atividade hidrolítica sobre os antocianosídeos de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. e Bonpl.) Verlot." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-06062012-113230/.
Full textAbstract:
Com o surgimento da metagenômica, a descoberta de compostos bioativos aumentou. A Arrabidaea chica é uma planta trepadeira, usada em tatuagens pelos índios. O enriquecimento da extração dos antocianosídeos através da fermentação das folhas com xilanase de Bacillus pumilus foi estudado anteriormente. A análise qualitativa da produção de xilanase por clones de bibliotecas metagenômicas e B. pumilus SG-32 e B. firmus P1-1 foi feita com a finalidade de elaborar um método miniaturizado para encontrar novas fontes dessa enzima. Bem como avaliar o seu potencial enzimático sobre os antocianosídeos. Os clones e o B. firmus não expressaram xilanases em meio sólido de xilana de bétula. Porém, o B. pumilus SG-32 expressou, como confirmado pelo atividade xilanolítica. Por isso, o caldo enzimático desta espécie foi utilizado como inóculo para o tratamento enzimático das folhas de A. chica que liberou suas antocianidianas, como confirmado pelo método de Bial e CLAE-DAD. Uma nova fonte de xilanase foi descoberta com atividade hidrolítica sobre os antocianosídeos de A. chica.With the advent of metagenomics, the discovery of bioactive compounds increased. The Arrabidaea chica is a climbing plant, used in tattoos by the Indians. The extraction of anthocyanosides enrichment through fermentation of the leaves with xylanase from Bacillus pumilus has been studied previously. Qualitative analysis of xylanase production by clones of metagenomics libraries and B. pumilus SG-32 and B. firmus P1-1 was made in order to develop a miniaturized method to find new sources of this enzyme. And to evaluate the potential enzymatic on the anthocyanosides. The clones and the B. firmus xylanases did not express in solid birch xylan. However, B. pumilus SG-32 expressed as confirmed by the xylanolytic activity. Therefore, the broth enzymatic of this specie was used as inoculum for the enzymatic treatment of the leaves of A. chica that liberated their anthocyanidines, as confirmed by Bial method and HPLC-DAD. A new source of xylanase was discovered with hydrolytic activity on anthocyanosides from A. chica.
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López, González Néstor David. "Secagem convectiva de papel reciclado com incorporação de corantes naturais." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266710.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira, Sandra Cristina dos Santos RochaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: O papel está presente em muitas das atividades do cotidiano que vão desde usos sanitários, passando pelas embalagens até fins educativos. Este material que teve sua origem há quase 2000 anos, continua sua evolução na procura de alternativas limpas para seu reaproveitamento. Novos processos de reciclagem, secagem e a incorporação de materiais alternativos para melhorar as propriedades do papel fazem desta área de pesquisa a base para a criação de novas tecnologias e produtos com apelo ambiental. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação da reutilização de papel de escritório na forma de papel cartão com adição de extratos corantes naturais Carmim de cochonilha, Cúrcuma e Urucum, implementando um processo de destintagem dos papéis a serem reciclados e secando o papel em um secador convectivo em escala laboratorial para obter papel cartão artesanal colorido. Para isto, foi determinada uma formulação para cada uma das três polpas a serem tingidas com os corantes naturais e construídas as curvas de secagem para diferentes condições de secagem. Efetuou-se uma análise comparativa da qualidade dos papéis obtidos em diferentes condições de secagem e avaliou-se a degradação da cor dos papéis obtidos sob diferentes condições de iluminação. O estudo da secagem mostrou que as polpas fabricadas com cada um dos três corantes apresentaram processos de secagem equivalentes apesar de ter formulações diferentes. Além disso, uma análise estatística mostrou que a velocidade e a temperatura do ar de secagem influenciam positivamente o processo, afetando a duração deste. Na avaliação da qualidade dos papéis verificou-se que esta pode ser afetada por variações nas condições de secagem. Uma menor qualidade foi obtida em papéis secos sob condições mais drásticas de velocidade e temperatura do ar. Os testes de colorimetria realizados nas amostras evidenciaram que as condições de secagem podem modificar a saturação das cores dos papéis, gerando diferenças colorimétricas nos papéis obtidos e apresentando cinéticas de degradação diferentes para cada papel fabricado. Os extratos corantes de Carmim de cochonilha, Urucum e Cúrcuma apresentaram boa estabilidade no teste de abrigo à luz, mas nos testes realizados com luz ultravioleta e fluorescente a estabilidade das cores foi baixa. O carmim de cochonilha se apresentou como o corante com maior estabilidade e poder tintorial. Os corantes naturais analisados nesta pesquisa mostraram potencial para serem utilizados na fabricação de papéis reciclados artesanais
Abstract: The paper is present in many everyday activities from sanitary uses, through the packaging until educational purposes. This material was originated almost 2000 years ago, and continues its evolution in the search of environmental alternatives to be reused. New processes to recycling, drying and the incorporation of alternative materials carry out an important role for the creation of new products and new technologies with environmental appeal. In this context, this work aimed the evaluation of office paper in the form of cardboard with the addition of natural extracts dyes such as Cochineal Carmine, Turmeric and Annatto, using a de-inking process of paper and drying in a convective-scale laboratory dryer for obtain a colorful handmade paper card. For this, a formulation was determined for each of the three paper pulp to be dyed with natural dyes, the drying curves were analyzed for different drying conditions, moreover a comparative analysis of the quality of the paper obtained under different conditions of drying was accomplished and the degradation of color paper obtained under different lighting conditions was evaluated. The study showed that drying of the paper pulp manufactured for each of the three dyes present equivalent drying processes, despite that these had different formulations; in addition, a statistical analysis showed that the air velocity and temperature of the drying air have a positively influence in the process. In the study of quality of paper, it has been demonstrated that variations in the drying conditions affects the quality of paper, such as reducing these with the increase in velocity and air temperature. The colorimetric test showed that the drying conditions can change the color saturation of the paper, causing colorimetric differences in the papers obtained and having different degradation kinetics for each paper produced. The extracts of cochineal carmine, Annatto and Turmeric dyes showed good stability under the test of light; however, the stability for the test performed with ultraviolet and fluorescent light. The results using cochineal carmine dye presented greater stability and tinctorial power. Natural dyes tested in this study showed potential to be used in the manufacture of handmade recycled paper
Mestrado
Processos em Tecnologia Química
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Ibrahim, Michael. "Polyaniline-Oxyde de Titane : un composite pour la récolte et le stockage d’énergie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10330/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est divisée en trois parties. La première traite la synthèse de la polyaniline (PANI), un polymère conducteur de trou, utilisé dans plusieurs applications. En variant les quantités du monomère et de l’oxydant tout en fixant leur rapport molaire à 1:1,25, et en ajoutant de l’oxyde de magnésium, des aiguilles et des nouvelles structures semblables aux échinides sont formées. Le mécanisme de formation des structures unidimensionnelles est expliqué à l’aide de la théorie des multicouches. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la fabrication des monocouches photovoltaïques à faible coût en se basant sur le principe de fonctionnement des cellules à pigment photosensible (en anglais DSSC, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell). En 1991, Grätzel a réintroduit l’effet photo-électrochimique en développant la première DSSC, une des cellules solaire troisième génération, formée d’un film de TiO2 (photo-anode) pigmenté à l’aide d’un colorant et d’un électrolyte qui sert à régénérer le pigment oxydé. Malgré leur faible coût, les DSSCs font face à de nombreux problèmes tels que le coût élevé du pigment, la fuite de l’électrolyte, la sublimation du couple I-/I3- à travers I2, etc. Afin de résoudre ces problèmes, des monocouches photovoltaïques ont été développées. Des composites formés de PANI et TiO2 sont la base de ces dispositifs nouvelle génération. La polymérisation in-situ de l’aniline en présence des nanoparticules de TiO2 conduit à une forte interaction entre la PANI et les particules de TiO2 où une structure « core (TiO2)/shell (PANI) » existe dans le composite. Dans le dispositif photovoltaïque basé sur le composite PANI-TiO2, PANI est considérée comme pigment à la photo-anode et comme poly-électrolyte plus profondément dans le composite. En plus, des textiles fabriqués utilisant ces composites photo-génèrent une tension de 0,6 V et un courant de 1 A/m2 lorsque l’éthanol est injecté dans le dispositif. Une nouvelle architecture a été développée qui sert à améliorer la performance de la cellule et en même temps stocker l’énergie pour des utilisations ultérieures. La dernière partie est consacrée à la fabrication des DSSCs basées sur les pigments naturels. L’anthocyane, un pigment naturel halochromique responsable de la couleur rouge dans les plantes, a été extrait du chou rouge et utilisé pour pigmenter les films de TiO2. Cette propriété se traduit par la fabrication des DSSCs de différentes couleurs et comportement photovoltaïque. Avec un pH égal à 0, une Vco et une Jcc de 520 mV et 185 μA/cm2 sont respectivement obtenues prouvant la possibilité d’utiliser le chou rouge comme source de pigment à très faible coût des DSSCsThis thesis is divided in three parts. The first one deals with the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI), a hole conducting polymer, used in many applications. By varying the quantities of the monomer and the oxidant while fixing the molar ratio at 1:1.25, and by adding magnesium oxide, novel echinoid-like and PANI needles were formed. The formation mechanism of the 1D structures is explained using the multi-layer theory. The second section is devoted for the fabrication of low cost single-layered photovoltaic devices based on the working principle of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In 1991, Grätzel reintroduced the photo-electrochemical effect by developing the first DSSC, one of the third generation solar cells, formed of a TiO2 film (photoanode) sensitized using a dye and an electrolyte regenerating the excited dye. Despite their low cost, DSSCs face many problems such as the high cost of the dye, leaking of the electrolyte, sublimation of the I-/I3- through I2, etc. To solve these problems a single layer photovoltaic device has been developed. Composites formed of PANI, and TiO2 are the basis of the new generation photovoltaics. The in-situ polymerization of aniline inside a titania solution results in a strong interaction between PANI and TiO2 particles where a core (TiO2)/shell (PANI) structure exists inside the composite. In the single-layered photovoltaic device based on PANI-TiO2 composite, PANI is considered as sensitizer at the photoanode and as polyelectrolyte deeper inside the composite layer. In addition, textiles fabricated using such composites generated a voltage of 0.6 V and a current of 1 A/m2 when ethanol is injected in the solar cell. A new architecture has been developed to enhance the performance of the device and at the same time to store the converted energy for later use. The final part is devoted to the fabrication of DSSCs based on natural dyes. Anthocyanin; a halochromic natural dye responsible for the red color in plants, extracted from red cabbage was used to sensitize TiO2 films. This property results in the fabrication of DSSCs with different colors and photovoltaic behavior. At a pH equal to 0, a Voc and Jsc of 520 mV and 185 μA/cm2 were respectively recorded proving the possibility of using red cabbages as a very low cost dye source for DSSCs
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Doty, Kelsie. "Comparison of aluminum mordanted and nonmordanted wool yarns naturally dyed with Kansas black walnut, Osage orange, and eastern redcedar sawdust." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20373.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceApparel, Textiles, and Interior Design
Sherry J. Haar
This study compared the colorfastness of potassium aluminum sulfate (PAS) mordanted and nonmordanted 30/2 wool yarn, dyed with black walnut (Juglans Nigra), Osage orange (Maclura pomifera), and eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) sawdust. Information from this study is intended to inform natural dye artisans and to increase the profitability of sawdust for farmers, ranchers, and mill owners who would otherwise find little use for this byproduct of timber manufacturing. Pre-testing ensured dyeings of visually comparable color depth and dye concentrations were pre-tested to find a standard depth of shade between the same dye on PAS mordanted and nonmordanted wool yarns. Tests for colorfastness to light, laundering and staining were performed in accordance to AATCC test methods. Resulting colors for exposed and unexposed specimens were rated using CIE L* a* b* values and AATCC gray scale for color change. GLM Anovas and two-sample t-tests were used to statistically analyze CIE L* a* b* values. As expected, findings indicated that dye absorption was improved with the use of a PAS mordant, especially for black walnut and eastern redcedar. For yarns premordanted with PAS the dyewoods became yellower. A PAS mordant slightly improved colorfastness to light for black walnut and eastern redcedar, but did not influence Osage orange which had an unexpected color change from bright yellow to warm brown after exposure to light. Colorfastness to laundering was slightly improved with PAS for Osage orange, while black walnut and eastern red cedar had slightly less color change without the mordant. This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Experiment Station and Kansas State University.
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Iamamura, Patricia do Nascimento. "Corantes naturais do Cerrado para a produção do design de superfícies têxteis desenvolvidos com teares manuais: região de Carmo do Rio Claro-Furnas/MG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-22032015-150213/.
Full textAbstract:
Trata-se de estudo de caso a partir da abordagem do design de superfícies têxteis sobre a tecelagem manual, baseada em corantes naturais do Cerrado, na região de Carmo de Rio Claro-FURNAS. Observa-se, nesse contexto, uma grande aplicação da tecnologia tradicional do tear manual aliado ao uso de fibras. Esse saber-fazer,transmitido oralmente, representa fração significativa da economia regional e, em grande medida, a identidade cultural nesse contexto. No entanto, observa-se a perda do conhecimento específico relacionado ao uso de corantes naturais baseado em vegetais do Cerrado, apesar de espécies existentes nesse contexto. Assim, como objetivo geral, pretende-se estudar e analisar os corantes naturais nativos dessa região e suas respectivas aplicações com vistas ao desenvolvimento dessa produção baseada em tecelagem manual, processo fundamental para a população da região e experiência importante como referência em políticas públicas locais e regionaisThis is a case study from the design approach of textile surfaces on handloom weaving, natural dyes based in the Cerrado region of Carmo Rio Claro-FURNAS. It is observed that context a major application of traditional handloom technology coupled with the use of fibers.This know-how, transmitted orally, represents significant fraction of the regional economy and to a large extent, cultural identity in this context. However, there is the loss of specific knowledge related to the use of natural dyes based on the Cerrado vegetables, although extant species in this context. As general objective, we intend to study and analyze the natural dyes natives of this region and their applications with a view to developing this production based on manual weaving, a process critical to the region\'s population as a reference and important experience in local and regional public policies
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Bensalah, Hiba [Verfasser], Aleksander [Akademischer Betreuer] Gurlo, Younssi Saad [Akademischer Betreuer] Alami, Mohamed [Akademischer Betreuer] Ouammou, Rhazi Mama [Gutachter] El, Baudry Murielle [Gutachter] Rabiller, and Jason A. [Gutachter] Cody. "Natural and synthetic apatites as adsorbents for the removal of azo dyes from aqueous solutions / Hiba Bensalah ; Gutachter: Mama El Rhazi, Murielle Rabiller Baudry, Jason A. Cody ; Aleksander Gurlo, Saad Alami Younssi, Mohamed Ouammou." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209195941/34.
Full text
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COSENTINO, HELIO M. "Efeitos da radiação ionizante em corantes naturais de uso alimentício." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11297.
Full textAbstract:
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Ronald, Emma. "Patterns of identity : hand block printed and resist-dyed textiles of rural Rajasthan." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/8691.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis sets out to investigate the changing social significance of the hand-block printed and resist-dyed cottons of Rajasthan. Once a vital part of the region’s everyday rural textile and dress traditions, communicating information about its wearers and demonstrating the craftsmanship of its makers, today block printed textiles are produced primarily for export and tourist markets. In the space of just a few decades the growing effects of globalisation have wrought irrevocable change upon this traditional craft. Under the pressures of new market forces, modern hand block printed textiles bear little resemblance to their traditional counterparts. Drawing on an ethnographic perspective in general, and an ethnomethodological perspective in particular, the main objective of this thesis is to develop a deeper understanding of traditional hand block printed and resist-dyed textiles – with particular focus on the modernisation of traditional forms of hand block printing in Rajasthan, and the various strategies and experiences which the craftspeople have undertaken to deal with the changes to the market for their products. Using the recent history of block printed cloth production in Rajasthan, as told by local artisans, it explores the manner in which such phenomena as modernisation and globalisation are embodied by shifts in production technology, design aesthetics, and market forces. In order to explore the rural roots and chart the dramatic recent modernisation of the craft this thesis identifies and documents the range of textiles traditionally made by the region’s hereditary communities of cloth printers and dyers, and investigates their role in the projection of identity, exploring the changing communicative function of these textiles, notably with the rise of synthetic fabrics, among the rural communities of Rajasthan. In doing so, this thesis investigates how the consumption of hand block printed textiles has changed over the past forty years and considers the impact of the growth of export and tourism on traditions of cloth printing in the region. It is a socially situated study, based on extensive firsthand fieldwork with the Chhipa community of hereditary cloth printers, making use of ethnography, photography, and personal experience of textile dyeing, printing and design. By developing methodologies based on the detailed documentation of the technologies, materials and processes involved in hand block printing this thesis seeks to update and expand upon the existing literature on the craft by providing and analysing contemporary accounts of family traditions and modern developments in use by current generations of artisans. In doing so this thesis also contributes to current discourse on the preservation of craft knowledge as a form of intangible cultural heritage. The study is primarily located within the field of Indian textile and dress studies. It contributes to contemporary ethnographies of textile crafts through the detailed analysis of print and dye technologies, and, by also considering the meanings and values of block printed cloth as clothing, adds to the literature on the social role of textiles and dress with a regionally-specific focus on the role of pattern and colour. By focussing on the communicative functions of pattern and cloth, it also enhances cross-disciplinary attentions to regional identities and intangible cultural heritage. Finally it engages with the very local processes of globalisation and the contemporary values of handcrafted cloth.
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Krull, Eriksen Katrine. "Introducing Plaster : Exploring Artistic Expressions of Natural Dyed Plaster." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14892.
Full textAbstract:
Introducing Plaster is a degree work in textile design exploring the fusion of natural dyes and plaster, and how this can be applied as a textile design material. The outcome is presented as an experimental investigation, placed in the context of surface and material design. This study derived from a growing interest in how new materials can be implemented into the field of textile design using established textile techniques and methods. Natural dye, texture and flexibility where explored through the method of hands-on-experimentation. The study moved foreword by asking the question: “What happens if?”, and the findings have been analyzed and selected for further development. The final collection consists of five pieces made entirely from plaster, showing another approach to how textile techniques and methods can be developed and adapted to fit materials from another field, for instance: Plaster.
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Salazar, Márquez Nikolas Stephano, Guzmán José Alexander Madrid, Jimenez Lorena Milagros Vasquez, Granda Renato Edgardo Salvador, and Herrera José Carlo Velarde. "Tintes Naturales Para El Cabello-HennaGen." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652411.
Full textAbstract:
Nuestro modelo de negocio ofrece una propuesta innovadora y saludable que generará beneficios económicos para los accionistas en un corto plazo, ofreciendo al mercado un producto pensado en varios sectores de consumidores con una necesidad insatisfecha. Actualmente, se están generando cambios en los hábitos de consumo hacia los productos orgánicos y estilos de vida saludables. En el mercado se vienen comercializando tintes de todos los colores provenientes de una amplia oferta establecida, dado su grado de industrialización, muchos de estos tintes contienen químicos nocivos para el cuerpo humano. Existen varios segmentos de mujeres que no pueden utilizar estos productos debido a tener complicaciones para su salud. Nuestra propuesta se basa en desarrollar una marca de tintes orgánicos, con la finalidad de atender la demanda de este producto de consumo masivo, atendiendo varios segmentos de mujeres (3), en los cuales encontramos: mujeres embarazadas, con cáncer o que gusten de productos orgánicos. La entrada al mercado será mediante una estrategia de diferenciación de producto, compitiendo directamente con marcas que todavía no están posicionadas en el país, debido a que estamos entrando en un mercado de Océano azul. Nuestra propuesta de valor es ofrecer un producto 100% natural y fácil de aplicar. Generamos valor a través de las diferentes actividades (plan operacional, plan de marketing y plan financiero) que la empresa ha podido identificar asegurando el correcto desarrollo del proyecto.Our business model offers an innovative and healthy proposal that will generate economic benefits for shareholders in the short term by offering the market a product based on many consumer segments with an unmet need. At present, there are changes that are being made in the consumption habits of organic products and healthy lifestyles. In the market, hair dyes of all colors from a wide established offer are being commercialized and due to their degree of industrialization, many of these hair dyes have harmful chemicals to the human body. These products cannot be used by many segments of women because of the complications they bring to their health. So, our proposal is based on developing a brand of organic hair dyes with the objective to satisfy the demand of this mass consumption product by meeting many segments of women (3), these are women who are pregnant, have cancer or like organic products. The market entry will be through a product differentiation strategy and due to our entry in a blue ocean market, the direct competition are brands that are not yet positioned in the country. Our value proposition is to offer a 100% natural and easy to apply product. We generate value through the different activities (operational, marketing and financial plan) that the company has identified ensuring the correct development of the project.
Trabajo de investigación
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Fagbohoun, Louis. "Etude chimique de colorants naturels et matériaux résineux traditionnels au Bénin dans le domaine artisanal." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0256/document.
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La richesse moléculaire des végétaux constitue une source importante de molécules tinctoriales et bioactives d'origine naturelle, utilisées depuis toujours par les artisans et tradipraticiens dans le domaine artisanal et thérapeutique. Ces travaux contribuent principalement à l’étude chimique de cinq plantes tinctoriales : T. grandis, L. inermis, K. senegalensis, I. tinctoria et P. cyanescens, lesquelles représentent les plus employées par les artisans à l'issue d'une enquête ethnobotanique réalisée au Sud-Est du Bénin. Un essai d'optimisation des conditions d’extraction des colorants de T. grandis assistée par ultrasons a été effectué et comparée à trois autres techniques utilisées conventionnellement. Ce procédé a été établi comme le plus simple, rapide, efficace et donnant le rendement le plus important en colorants jaunes et rouges extraits des plantes étudiées, en comparaison aux extractions classiques. De la même manière, il a été mis au point un procédé d'extraction de l’indigotine par usage du dithionite de sodium. Il a pu être démontré que ce procédé permet d'extraire rapidement et efficacement cette molécule à partir de P. cyanescens comparativement à l'emploi de solvants organiques usuels. Une étude fondamentale sur l’identification des colorants extraits à partir des plantes étudiées a été effectuée. Une approche chromatographique utilisant la CLHP/UV-Vis a permis d’identifier la catéchine et l'épicatéchine ainsi que des acides phénoliques, constitutifs des tanins quantitativement caractéristiques des espèces K. senegalensis et L. inermis. En outre, la lawsone et des flavones ont été identifiées dans L. inermis. Il a été caractérisé en plus de la tectoquinone, trois autres anthraquinones Ta, Tb et Tc dont les structures n'ont pas été élucidées, à ce jour, ainsi que des flavonoïdes dont cinq n'ont jamais été décrits dans littérature de T. grandis. Quant aux plantes à indigo, elles se différencient non seulement par la teneur en indigoïdes issue de leurs divers extraits mais aussi par trois flavonoïdes identifiés spécifiquement dans P. cyanescens. L’ensemble de ces résultats expérimentaux a pu être appliqué avec succès à l’étude de colorants extraits à partir d'échantillons prélevés sur des objets du patrimoine notamment des masques, statuettes et textiles provenant de collections muséales, ce qui a contribué à la détermination de leur origine minérale et botanique. Par ailleurs, des tests chimiques sur des fractions plus ou moins enrichies en molécules colorantes issues des plantes étudiées ont permis l'évaluation des propriétés pharmacologiques réalisés in-vitro révélant une activité antioxydante et cytotoxique sur les cellules cancéreuses MCF-7 et IGROVMolecular plant wealth is an important source of dyes and naturally occurring bioactive molecules, have always been used by artisans and crafts and traditional healers in the therapeutic field. This work contributes mainly to the chemical study of five dye plants: T. grandis, L. inermis, K. senegalensis, I. tinctoria and P. cyanescens, which represent the most used by the artisans at from a ethnobotanical study conducted in southeastern Benin. An optimization of the extraction conditions dyes from T. grandis assisted ultrasonic tests was carried out and compared with three other techniques conventionally used. This process has been established as the simplest, quick, efficient and providing the most important yield in yellow and red dyes extracted from plants studied, in comparison to conventional extractions. Similarly, a method of indigotine extraction using sodium dithionite has been developed. It could be shown that this method can extract quickly and efficiently indigotine from P. cyanescens compared to the use of conventional organic solvents. A fundamental study of the identification of dyes extracted from plants studied was performed. Chromatographic approach using HPLC / UV-Vis permits to identify catechin and epicatechin and phenolic acids, tannins constituent species characteristics quantitatively and K. senegalensis and L. inermis. Furthermore, lawsone and flavones have been identified in L. inermis. It was further characterized by the tectoquinone, three other anthraquinones Ta, Tb and Tc whose structures have not been elucidated and flavonoids which five were never been described in literature of T. grandis. As for indigo plants, they differ not only by the content of their various end indigoid extracts but also specifically identified by three flavonoids in P. cyanescens. All these experimental results have been successfully applied to the study of dyes extracted from samples of objects including heritage masks, statuettes and textiles from museum collections, which contributed to the determination of their mineral and botanical origin. Furthermore, evaluation of the pharmacological properties, by chemical tests in vitro and antioxidant showed cytotoxic activity on cancer cells MCF-7, IGROV and very important fraction of more or less enriched in the dye molecules from plants tested
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Zabatta, Aniello. "Disperse dyes con anello tiazolico per la colorazione di tessuti e fibre naturali e sintetiche." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14394/.
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In this experimental work, a comparative study on the dyeing ability of a series of thiazole-based azo compounds on different synthetic and natural fibers was performed. The azo compounds were synthesized starting from 2-aminothiazoles substituted, or not, at position 4, and tetrafluoroborate aryldiazonium salts. They have been applied as disperse dyes for the dyeing of synthetic and natural textiles and fibers. The staining process was carried out under different conditions and the color of each sample was measured using the CIELab system. The influence of pH, dispersing agents and washing resistance were assessed. The most satisfactory results were obtained for the textiles of acetate, polyamide and silk.
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Zongo, S., K. Sanusi, J. Britton, P. Mthunzi, Tebello Nyokong, M. Maaza, and B. Sahraoui. "Nonlinear optical properties of natural laccaic acid dye studied using Z-scan technique." Elsevier, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020270.
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We have investigated the nonlinear optical properties, including the optical limiting behaviour for five different concentrations of laccaic acid dye in solution and a thin film obtained through doping in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer. The experiments were performed by using single beam Z-scan technique at 532 nm with 10 ns, 10 Hz Nd:YAG laser pulses excitation. From the open-aperture Z-scan data, we derived that the laccaic dye samples exhibit strong two photon absorption (2PA). The nonlinear refractive index was determined through the closed aperture Z-scan data. The estimated absorption coefficient β2, nonlinear refractive index n2 and second order hyperpolarizability γ were found to be of the order of 10−10 m/W, 10−9 esu and 10−32 esu, respectively. The Z-scan study reveals that the natural laccaic acid dye emerges as a promising material for third order nonlinear optical devices application.Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2015.04.031
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Millard, Daniel C. "Identification and control of neural circuit dynamics for natural and surrogate inputs in-vivo." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53405.
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A principal goal of neural engineering is to control the activation of neural circuits across space and time. The ability to control neural circuits with surrogate inputs is needed for the development of clinical neural prostheses and the experimental interrogation of connectivity between brain regions. Electrical stimulation provides a clinically viable method for activating neural tissue and the emergence of optogenetic stimulation has redefined the limitations on stimulating neural tissue experimentally. However, it remains poorly understood how these tools activate complex neural circuits.
The goal of this proposed project was to gain a greater understanding of how to control the activity of neural circuits in-vivo using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. Voltage sensitive dye imaging was used to observe the spatiotemporal activity within the rodent somatosensory cortex in response to systematically varied patterns of sensory, electrical, and optogenetic stimulation. First, the cortical response to simple patterns of sensory and artificial stimuli was characterized and modeled, revealing distinct neural response properties due to the differing synchrony with which the neural circuit was engaged. Then, we specifically designed artificial stimuli to improve the functional relevance of the resulting downstream neural responses. Finally, through direct optogenetic modulation of thalamic state, we demonstrate control of the nonlinear propagation of neural activity within the thalamocortical circuit.
The combined experimental and computational approach described in this thesis provides a comprehensive description of the nonlinear dynamics of the thalamocortical circuit to surrogate stimuli. Together, the characterization, modeling, and overall control of downstream neural activity stands to inform the development of central nervous system sensory prostheses, and more generally provides the initial tools and framework for the control of neural activity in-vivo.
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Cameron, Craig G. "Natural and artificial fluorescence on 3-dimensional bioorganic nanostructures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53451.
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A challenge exists for understanding the origin of color for structurally colored, 3-dimensional bioorganic nanostructures, such as the scales of butterflies, beetles, and moths. Complex, hierarchical structures found within such scales create the overall scale appearance. The controlled alteration of color through material deposition and the addition of new optical functionalities to such structures are other areas of scientific interest. This dissertation addresses these challenges with a first-of-its-kind, systematic isolation (deconstruction) of scale component nanostructures, followed by evaluation of optical property/structure correlations. The additive deposition (constructive alteration) of emissive materials to structurally-colored templates complements this deconstructive approach towards understanding the origin of color in butterfly scales. Discoveries made through this work may help advance the bioinspired design of synthetic optical structures and subsequent color control through the addition of multilayered, emissive optical components.
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Pinho, ErotÃide Leite de. "ExtraÃÃo de pigmentos carotenÃides da carapaÃa do camarÃo e sua utilizaÃÃo em um produto derivado de pescado." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2001. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2263.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorO descarte na indÃstria de pescado, inclusive o de carapaÃas de crustÃceos, constitui um percentual bastante elevado. Estas cascas sÃo ricas em pigmentos carotenÃides, os quais, apresentam um alto valor de pigmentaÃÃo, sendo corrente em alguns paÃses a extraÃÃo e posterior utilizaÃÃo dos mesmos em raÃÃes. O objetivo deste experimento foi estudar a extraÃÃo dos pigmentos carotenÃides das cascas de camarÃo e verificar seu potencial de uso como aditivo natural de cor em um produto à base de pescado. Neste estudo foram desenvolvidos testes preliminares para escolha de um mÃtodo para a extraÃÃo dos pigmentos optando-se pela extraÃÃo com solvente. Caracterizou-se ospigmentos extraÃdos das cascas de camarÃo e avaliou-se a influÃncia do extrato pigmentado aplicado em um produto à base de pescado, o qual foi embalado à vÃcuo e sem vÃcuo e submetido à uma estocagem (-20ÂC) durante um perÃodo de60 dias. A cor dos produtos foi medida a cada 15 dias no sistema CIE determinando-se os parÃmetros de L*, a* e b*. A anÃlise espectrofotomÃtrica do extrato de camarÃo apresentou produtos de degradaÃÃo da astaxantina. Os produtos pigmentados com o extrato de camarÃo e embalados à vÃcuo apresentaram valores de luminosidade (L*) menores (p < 0,05) que os embalados sem vÃcuo com 15 e 45 dias de armazenamento. Para o componente de intensidade de cor amarela (b*) os produtos embalados à vÃcuo apresentaram valores maiores (p<0,05) no inÃcio do armazenamento (0 dias) e menores (p<0,05) com 45 dias de armazenamento, em relaÃÃo Ãqueles embalados sem vÃcuo. Contudo, no perÃodo de 60 dias de armazenamento nÃo foi observado efeito significativo da embalagem à vÃcuo sobre as caracterÃsticas de cor dos produtos.
Waste material in the fish industry including the shells from the crustacean, constitute a very high percentage. These shells are rich in carotenoids pigments, which may have a high pigmentation value when used in foods. It is common in some countries the use of the extracted pigments in feeds.The aim of this experiment was to study the process of carotenoids extraction and to verify its pigmenting potential in a minced fish food product. The solvent extraction technique was used after testing other extraction procedures. Extracted pigments were characterized by spectrophotometry. Pigments were then included in the fish formulation. Fish products were packaged with and without vacuum and storage in the dark at â20ÂC for 60 days. The color of the products was measured every 15 days with the CIE system which determines parameters L*, a* and b*. The spectrophotometry study showed products of degradation of astaxanthin in the shell extract. The luminosity (L*) of the color in products packaged under vacuum was lower (p<0.05) with 15 and 45 days of storage than in those stored without vacuum. Vacuum packaged products showed that with 0 days of storage the yellowness component (b*) was higher (p<0.05) in vacuum packaged products than in those stored without vacuum. The reverse occurring with 45 days of storage. After 60 days frozen storage vacuum packaging did not affect the color characteristics of the fish product.
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Pinho, Erotéide Leite de. "Extração de pigmentos carotenóides da carapaça do camarão e sua utilização em um produto derivado de pescado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2001. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17437.
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PINHO, Erotéide Leite de. Extração de pigmentos carotenóides da carapaça do camarão e sua utilização em um produto derivado de pescado. 2001. 48 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2001Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-03T13:54:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2001_dis_elpinho.pdf: 379735 bytes, checksum: 56d523219601d0f6243134cbd8534ed3 (MD5)
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Waste material in the fish industry including the shells from the crustacean, constitute a very high percentage. These shells are rich in carotenoids pigments, which may have a high pigmentation value when used in foods. It is common in some countries the use of the extracted pigments in feeds.The aim of this experiment was to study the process of carotenoids extraction and to verify its pigmenting potential in a minced fish food product. The solvent extraction technique was used after testing other extraction procedures. Extracted pigments were characterized by spectrophotometry. Pigments were then included in the fish formulation. Fish products were packaged with and without vacuum and storage in the dark at –20ºC for 60 days. The color of the products was measured every 15 days with the CIE system which determines parameters L*, a* and b*. The spectrophotometry study showed products of degradation of astaxanthin in the shell extract. The luminosity (L*) of the color in products packaged under vacuum was lower (p<0.05) with 15 and 45 days of storage than in those stored without vacuum. Vacuum packaged products showed that with 0 days of storage the yellowness component (b*) was higher (p<0.05) in vacuum packaged products than in those stored without vacuum. The reverse occurring with 45 days of storage. After 60 days frozen storage vacuum packaging did not affect the color characteristics of the fish product.
O descarte na indústria de pescado, inclusive o de carapaças de crustáceos, constitui um percentual bastante elevado. Estas cascas são ricas em pigmentos carotenóides, os quais, apresentam um alto valor de pigmentação, sendo corrente em alguns países a extração e posterior utilização dos mesmos em rações. O objetivo deste experimento foi estudar a extração dos pigmentos carotenóides das cascas de camarão e verificar seu potencial de uso como aditivo natural de cor em um produto à base de pescado. Neste estudo foram desenvolvidos testes preliminares para escolha de um método para a extração dos pigmentos optando-se pela extração com solvente. Caracterizou-se ospigmentos extraídos das cascas de camarão e avaliou-se a influência do extrato pigmentado aplicado em um produto à base de pescado, o qual foi embalado à vácuo e sem vácuo e submetido à uma estocagem (-20ºC) durante um período de60 dias. A cor dos produtos foi medida a cada 15 dias no sistema CIE determinando-se os parâmetros de L*, a* e b*. A análise espectrofotométrica do extrato de camarão apresentou produtos de degradação da astaxantina. Os produtos pigmentados com o extrato de camarão e embalados à vácuo apresentaram valores de luminosidade (L*) menores (p < 0,05) que os embalados sem vácuo com 15 e 45 dias de armazenamento. Para o componente de intensidade de cor amarela (b*) os produtos embalados à vácuo apresentaram valores maiores (p<0,05) no início do armazenamento (0 dias) e menores (p<0,05) com 45 dias de armazenamento, em relação àqueles embalados sem vácuo. Contudo, no período de 60 dias de armazenamento não foi observado efeito significativo da embalagem à vácuo sobre as características de cor dos produtos.
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Mendes, Luana Guabiraba. "Microencapsulation the natural dye annatto: an analysis of the efficiency of cashew gum as material wall." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17650.
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MENDES, Luana Guabiraba. Microencapsulação do corante natural de urucum: uma análise da eficiência da goma do cajueiro com material de parede. 2012. 130 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2012Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-14T16:13:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_lgmendes.pdf: 1934768 bytes, checksum: e4667dcb8eb5ef8e88f0c80e4d29e75b (MD5)
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Na prática, alguns corantes naturais, como a bixina, apresentam dificuldades tecnológicas de utilização, dificultando sua aplicação na indústria de alimentos. A microencapsulação pode amenizar essa situação, aumentando sua estabilidade e tornando possível sua incorporação em sistemas alimentícios sem a perda de suas propriedades. Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi microencapsular o corante natural de urucum, utilizando a goma de cajueiro como material de parede, aplicando os processos de liofilização e atomização, caracterizar as microcápsulas obtidas através de análises morfológicas, físico-quimicas, bem como determinar a eficiência da microencapsulação pela quantificação do teor de bixina total e superficial. Goma arábica foi utilizada como material de parede de referência, para efeito comparativo. Assim, foram preparadas três formulações, a saber: corante de urucum/ goma do cajueiro (U-GC) 4:1 m/m, corante de urucum /goma arábica (U-GA) 4:1 m/m e corante de urucum/ goma do cajueiro/ e goma arábica (1:1) 4:1 m/m (U-GCA). As suspensões, previamente preparadas também foram caracterizadas por análises físico-químicas. Na avaliação colorimétrica estudou-se a estabilidade do pigmento microencapsulado, em temperatura ambiente, a 25°C± 2°C na presença e na ausência de luz, durante 40 dias de armazenamento, em duas situações, ou seja, dissolvidos em solução-tampão pH 4,0 e na forma de pó. Nas três suspensões formuladas a análise colorimétrica e o pH não apresentaram grandes diferenças, mas já na viscosidade a suspensão goma do cajueiro/ corante de urucum, resultou em menor viscosidade (0,01746±0,000) nas mesmas concentrações de sólidos. As microcápsulas produzidas por atomização mostraram também formas irregulares com predominância circular e superfície dentada e, por liofilização, mostraram formas indefinidas e com tamanhos muito variáveis. Todas as microcápsulas mostraram-se solúveis em água. As microcápsulas elaboradas com goma arábica e goma do cajuerio/goma arábica (1:1) apresentaram as melhores eficiências na microencapsulação, 43,14 e 31,21%, respectivamente, além de conferirem maior estabilidade à bixina durante a exposição à luz e na estocagem no escuro. As diferentes formulações resultaram em diferentes teores do corante de urucum microencapsulado, sendo que a goma arábica apresentou maior eficiência e a goma do cajueiro menor eficiência, considerando os processos de liofilização e atomização. Houve uma maior degradação da bixina total, em torno de 65,79% e, da bixina superficial, em torno de 60,52%, nas microcápsulas armazenadas sob incidência de luz a 25°C±2°C, evidenciando o efeito deletério da luz sobre o corante de urucum. O método de microencapsulação por liofilização foi o que levou a menor degradação da bixina encapsulada. Dentre dos parâmetros de concentração utilizados e dos e dos métodos de microencsapsulação empregados, a goma do cajueiro, individualmente, não se apresentou como um eficiente material de parede. No entanto, a sua mistura com a goma arábica forneceu resultados promissores, os quais tornaram favorável a utilização desse material (U-GCA), como na indústria de alimentos, bem como em outros segmentos tecnologicos como os cosméticos e a farmacêutica.
In practice, some natural dyes, such as bixin present technological difficulties of use, hindering their application in the food industry. Microencapsulation can improve this situation by increasing their stability and making their incorporation in food systems possible without losing their properties. The objective of this research was to microencapsulate the natural dye annatto, using cashew gum as wall material, applying the freeze-drying and spray drying processes, to characterize the microcapsules obtained according to morphological and physico-chemical properties as well as to determine the effectiveness of the microencapsulation by quantification of the total bixin and surface bixin. Gum arabic was used as wall material, the reference for comparison. Thus, three formulations were prepared as follows: annatto colorant / cashew gum (U-GC) 4:1 w / w of annatto colorant / gum arabic (GA-U) 4:1 m / m of annatto colorant / cashew gum / gum arabic and (1:1) 4:1 m / m (U-GCA). The suspensions, which had been previously prepared, were also characterized in terms physical and chemical analyses. In colorimetric evaluation the stability of the microencapsulated pigment was studied, at a room temperature of 25 ° C ± 2 ° C in the presence and absence of light for 40 days storage in two situations, that is dissolved in buffer solution pH 4.0 and in powder form. In the three formulated suspensions , there were no major differences between the pH and colorimetric analyses, but the suspension viscosity cashew gum / dye annatto, resulted in lower viscosity (0.01746 ± 0.000) at the same concentrations of solids. The microcapsules produced by atomization also showed predominantly irregularly shaped circular and toothed surfaces, and lyophilization, show indefinite shapes and sizes vary widely. All the microspheres proved soluble in water. Microcapsules prepared with gum arabic and gum cajuerio / gum arabic (1:1) showed the best efficiency in the microencapsulation, 43.14 and 31.21%, respectivelyand this confers greater stability to the bixin during exposure to light and storage in the dark. The different formulations resulted in different concentrations of microencapsulated annatto dye, with the gum arabic being the most efficient and the cashew gum the least efficient in terms of lyophilization and spray drying. There was a greater total degradation of bixin, about 65.79% and the surface bixin, about 60.52%, in the microcapsules stored under light incidence at 25 ° C ± 2°C, demonstrating the detrimental effect of light on the dye annatto. The microencapsulation method by means of lyophilization is the one which led to the lowest levels of degradation of encapsulated bixin. Among the parameters used and the concentration and methods of microencapsulation employed, cashew gum, on its own, is not presented as an effective wall material. However, its mixture with gum arabic provided promising results, which favors making use of this material (U-GCA) in the food industry and in other technological sectors such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Ayling, Neroli Kim. "Organometallics in the Stabilization of Dyed Fibres." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1693.
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It has been observed that in certain cases the exposure of dyed fibres to aging techniques results in the strengthening of fibres. This thesis explores the hypothesis that the strengthening is due to radical cross-coupling reactions that could be initiated through metal ion mediated photodecarboxylation. The approaches taken in this research include kinetic experiments (using flash photolysis), examination of possible cross-coupling experiments (using species of opposite charge), and the design and examination of small molecule model systems. A flash photolysis system was developed and used in attempts to determine the rates of photochemical product formation for cobalt(III) amino acid complexes. Lower limits have been established for the rate of product formation in these systems. The lower limits are: 2 x 10⁷ s⁻¹ for [Co(bpy)2(gly)]²⁺; 2 x 10⁷ s⁻¹ for [Co(tpa)(gly)]²⁺; and 5 x 10⁶ s⁻¹ for [Co(tpa)(aib)]²⁺, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine; gly is glycinate; tpa is tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; and aib is aminoisobutyrate. In past studies, the rates of a series of cobalt(III) amino acid complexes were reported as being the same, and much slower. It is thought that in these cases it may not be the rate of the formation of product that was being measured, but rather the response time of the electronics that was being observed. In this thesis the results obtained for the rate for the aib complex were somewhat lower than those of the gly complexes. This may imply, for the aib complex at least, the rate of the formation of the metallocycle is being observed (and not the response times of the electronics or other limitations of the instrumentation), but the data is poor and there is considerable doubt about this. The steady state photolysis of opposite charged species [Co(bpy)2(gly)]²⁺ and [Co(EDTA)]⁻ is reported. The reactions were carried out on a small scale in deuterated solvent for NMR spectrometry analysis and also on a large scale for the possible isolation and characterisation of the products. Evidence was found for a different reaction occurring when both complexes were present. The exact nature of the product remains elusive. A model system was designed in which a dinuclear ligand would bind to two metal centres and a fibre mimic would be later added. Eight ligands are discussed that could potentially bind two octahedral metal centres. They all had a xylene spacing group linking the two polydentate sites together. Five of the ligands have two bidentate binding sites. The other three had two tridentate sites. The binding sites in three of the bis(bidentate) ligands were based on ethane-1,2- diamine (en). Two of these ligands produced hypodentate monocobalt and sundentate dicobalt complexes. The other two bidentate ligands were based on 2- aminomethylpyridine (ampy). Both of these ligands degraded in the complexation reaction conditions. The binding sites in the tridentate ligands were all based on tacn. Once again, the principal products isolated were hypodentate systems in which only one metal ion was coordinated by the ligands. There is a distinct pattern observed in the xylene spaced ligands to form hypodentate complexes with cobalt(III) metal centred complexes. There is evidence of the di-nuclear species from a reaction with a charcoal catalyst in the bis(bidentate) system. ¹H NMR spectrometry, ¹³C NMR spectrometry, elemental analysis, X-ray crystallography and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to study and characterise the complexes and ligands that were prepared in this project.
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ÅHLIN, ÅSA. "A cleaner kind of dirt : Naturally dyed trail wear for wild running forest gatherers." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18173.
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Natural Dye, Chemical, Trail running, Sportswear, Sustainable, Pigments, Chromatic, Toxins, Print, Dye, Dirt.Sammanfattning på engelska: This work explores natural dye’s ability to be used for trail running wear. The sustainable aspects in the clothing industry includes the production of nontoxic textiles that do not pollute in the production process nor when using the textile close to our bodies. Natural dyes usually have low toxicity and are produced from renewable resources. The explorative nature of trail running is used as a guideline and an entrance exam for the dyed fabrics to prove wash- and lightfastness durable for the sport. The idea of colouring clothes directly with nature is present in dirt prints printed with natural pigments. Organic printing with rust and vegetable oil is explored as an alternative to screen printing. The movements and comfort of running outdoors is understood by body indicated experiments as a method. Pattern construction is made from movement and sensation by exposing the body to friction, dirt and cold air. The results of these experiments were together with reshaping existing run wear the construction method. This work suggests viewing colour as nonstatic and with more dimensions such as locality and smell. By using slow dye processes and locally accessible dye materials unique expressions from natural dyes, prints and patinations can enhance sportswear in the appearance, health and environmental aspect.Program: Modedesignutbildningen
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Koussoulou, T. "An evaluation of photodegradation inhibitors in the conservation of naturally dyed historic silks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444288/.
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Photodegradation of naturally dyed historic silks is a problem that confronts many museums. It continues as long as the objects are displayed, as both ultraviolet and visible light are capable of causing degradation. Degradation may be seen in the fading of the dyes and in the loss of textile strength. Five photodegradation inhibitors were tested on silk dyed with natural red dyes and dye combinations in order to evaluate their ability to increase the light fastness. The selected additives belong to the classes of UV absorbers and antioxidants, and combinations of those were also tested in order to investigate a possible synergetic effect. The preparation of sampling material was based on original silk samples taken from Greek museums and identified in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis and high performance liquid chromatography. Evaluation was focused on the colour induced changes after artificial ageing of the treated samples and also on the tensile strength, the application methods, and the prospective reversibility of the additives. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation was performed with British Standard method BS1006:1990 using blue wool standards, by gradually covering the samples in order to investigate the fading rates over specified time periods, with an increase of temperature to 50 C and in three different relative humidity levels of 30%RH, 50%RH and 80%RH keeping stable temperature at 35 C. Colourimetric measurements were used for the evaluation of colour changes using the system of the Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE). Comprehensive SEM investigation was performed on the inhibitor-treated samples. Benzophenone and hindered amine types showed promising results on individual samples, but an inhibitor combination of an ultraviolet absorber and an antioxidant showed good performance over a wide range of dyes and dye combinations. Synergism was confirmed in two inhibitor combinations which improved light fastness at all three humidity levels, with the best performance shown at the lowest humidity. In every case, the inhibitors proved more effective on the more light stable dyes such as madder and cochineal, while less photoprotection was given to the more sensitive dyestuffs such as brazilwood and safflower. Consideration was also given to the ethics of using photodegradation inhibitors in historic textiles. The research has shown that the use of the selected photodegradation inhibitors is not recommended on historic silks according to the present conservation requirements and codes of practice.
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Santos, Evandro Jardim dos [UNESP]. "Coordenação do sistema agroindustrial do urucum no estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150912.
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O urucum é considerado um dos mais importantes corantes naturais, atuando não só como colorífico, mas também agregando propriedades nutricionais aos produtos que o utilizam. Apesar da importância, poucos estudos são desenvolvidos acerca da sua cadeia produtiva. Visando a preencher essa lacuna, este trabalho teve o objetivo de compreender a estrutura e o funcionamento do Sistema Agroindustrial (SAG) do urucum na Microrregião de Dracena, no estado de São Paulo. A seleção desse SAG, nessa região, deveu-se pela falta de trabalhos científicos acerca desse produto, nessa abordagem, e pela sua representatividade geográfica na produção nacional e estadual. Para a realização desse trabalho, foi utilizado um estudo exploratório de caráter qualitativo. A metodologia envolveu uma pesquisa bibliográfica e uma pesquisa de campo. Esta última contou com a realização de entrevistas junto aos agentes chaves do SAG do urucum na região estudada. Em um contexto socioeconômico, identificouse que o cultivo do urucum é uma alternativa de produção agrícola para a região estudada. Trata-se de uma atividade característica da pequena produção e adotada, em sua maioria, por produtores caracterizados pela agricultura familiar. Os resultados mostraram alguns desafios associados ao SAG do urucum, tais como: a falta de produtos defensivos aprovados para o urucum, a incipiência no desenvolvimento de máquinas e implementos específicos para a cultura, a escassez de mão de obra para o manejo e a colheita, bem como a preocupação com a continuidade da atividade agrícola das próximas gerações dos produtores rurais. A baixa organização e cooperação entre os produtores rurais para a comercialização do urucum reduz o poder de barganha e enfraquece o setor de produção de matéria-prima. Foram identificadas e analisadas três tipos de transações que envolvem o relacionamento entre fornecedores e compradores de urucum. Tais transações relacionam-se, respectivamente, a dois tipos de estrutura de governança: o mercado spot e a estrutura híbrida. Observou-se que as estruturas não promovem a coordenação entre os agentes, o que leva a custos de transação e menor eficiência. Conclui-se que, embora o mercado de corantes naturais e, especificamente, o do urucum seja crescente e promissor, o SAG ainda carece de melhorias na sua organização e coordenação.
Annatto is considered one of the most important natural dyes, acting not only as colorific, but also adding nutritional properties to the products that use it. Although it is an important crop, few studies are developed regarding the chain organization. In order to fulfill this gap, this work aimed at understanding the structure and functioning of the Agroindustrial System (SAG) of annatto in the Microregion of Dracena, in the state of Sao Paulo. The selection of this SAG in this particular region was due to the lack of academic work regarding this product under supply chain approach and due to its geographical representativeness in national and state production. For the accomplishment of this work, an exploratory study of qualitative character was used. The methodology involved a bibliographical research and a field research. This last one counted on the accomplishment of interviews with the key agents of the SAG of annatto in the studied region. In a socioeconomic context, it was identified that the cultivation of annatto is an alternative of agricultural production for the region studied. This activity is characteristic of small-scale production and it is mostly cultivated by family farmers. The results reveled some challenges associated with SAG of annatto, such as: the lack of approved agrochemical products for annatto cultivation; the incipience in the development of specific machines and implements for the culture; the scarcity of hand labor for handling and harvesting; and the concern with the continuity of the agricultural activity by the next generations of the rural farmers. The low organization and cooperation among farmers for the commercializing annatto reduces bargaining power and weakens the production sector. When analyzing the relations between farmers and its dealers three types of transactions involving the relationship between buyers and buyers of annatto have been identified and analyzed. These transactions were of two types of governance structure: the spot market and the hybrid structure. It was observed that the structures have not been able to promote coordination between agents, which have led to transaction costs and lower efficiency. It is concluded that, although the market for natural dye, and specifically for annatto, is growing and promising, the SAG still needs to improve its organization and coordination.
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Yerovi, Diego Santiago Tupuna. "Produção de microcápsulas de norbixina por spray-drying : avaliação da estabilidade e aplicação em bebidas isotônicas como corante natural." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156787.
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A cor dos alimentos é um dos principais fatores que influenciam na preferência dos consumidores. Os corantes naturais além da coloração podem oferecer benefícios à saúde humana. A norbixina é um carotenoide que pode ser produzido a partir da saponificação de bixina presente nas sementes de urucum. Tal composto apresenta propriedades funcionais que estão relacionadas a promoção de uma vida saudável, pois atua como protetor celular, é comumente usado como corante natural em produtos processados, entretanto, sua estrutura química torna-o susceptível à degradação por fatores ambientais como oxigênio, luz e alta temperatura. A microencapsulação é uma alternativa para melhorar a estabilidade e solubilidade deste carotenoide. Neste trabalho foram encapsulados cristais de norbixina com 100% de pureza (comprimento de onda de 453 nm) usando a técnica de secagem por atomização (spray drying). Foram utilizados goma arábica (GA) e maltodextrina (MD) em diferentes proporções como materiais de parede. As diferentes formulações (MD:GA 100:0; 85:15; 65:35; 50:50; 35:65; 15:85; 0:100) foram preparadas com a mesma quantidade de núcleo (norbixina) e percentual de sólidos solúveis totais. A formulação com 100% GA mostrou a maior eficiência de microencapsulamento (74,91% - 226,40 μg/g) e foi avaliada a sua atividade antioxidante da pelo método ABTS (77,77 ± 0,59 μmol TE/g microcápsula), verificou-se que a norbixina mantem a sua atividade antioxidante depois do processo de microencapsulamento O estudo de estabilidade das microcápsulas de norbixina (MCN) foi conduzido em sistema modelo aquoso a temperaturas de 60, 90 e 98°C por 300 min. A cinética de degradação seguiu uma reação de primeira-ordem. A energia de ativação (Ea) requerida para degradação foi de 15,08 kcal/mol, o dobro da Ea requerida para a norbixina livre. As MCN mostraram uma alta estabilidade térmica. Finalmente, as MCN foram aplicadas em bebidas isotônicas sabor tangerina. Utilizando os parâmetros de cor do sistema CIELab foi possível obter a coloração laranja com uma baixa concentração de norbixina (2,86 ± 0,02 μg norbixina/mL). A bebida isotônica (BIT) adicionada de MCN mostrou estabilidade sob condições aceleradas de armazenamento (luz e aquecimento), pois os resultados indicaram um maior tempo de vida média (29,71 dias) em comparação com a BIT adicionada de norbixina não encapsulada (6,56 horas). De acordo com essa pesquisa, os dados obtidos indicaram a potencialidade da utilização da microencapsulação para aumentar a estabilidade da norbixina e assim obter um corante natural com efetiva aplicação em matrizes modelo aquoso (bebidas).Color is one of the main attributes in processed food that influences their preference and acceptance directly from consumers. Besides, of their ability of coloration, the natural dyes can offer benefits in human health. The norbixin is a carotenoid that can be produced from saponification of bixin present in annatto seeds. This compound shows functional properties that are related to the promotion of a healthy life, since it acts as cellular protectors, and is commonly used as a natural dye in processed food, however, its chemical structure makes it susceptible to degradation by environmental factors such as light, oxygen, and high temperature. Microencapsulation is used to improve the stability and solubility of the carotenoid. In this study, were encapsulated crystals of norbixin with 100% of purity (wavelength of 453 nm) by spray drying. Gum arabic and maltodextrin were used in different proportions as wall materials. The different formulations (MD:GA 100:0; 85:15; 65:35; 50:50; 35:65; 15:85; 0:100) were prepared with the same quantity of core (norbixin) and total solids soluble percentage. The formulation with 100% of arabic gum shows a high microencapsulation efficiency (74.91% - 226.40 μg/g of microcapsules) and was evaluated it antioxidant activity with ABTS assay (77.77 ± 0.59 μmol TE/g microcapsules), was verified that norbixin keep its antioxidant activity after microencapsulation process The stability study of norbixin microcapsules (MCN) was carried out in aqueous model system at temperatures of 60, 90 and 98°C for 300 min. Thermal degradation kinetics in aqueous model systems followed a first order kinetic reaction. The activation energy (Ea) required for degradation was Ea = 15.08 kcal/mol, double than required for free norbixin. MCN showed a high thermal stability with longer shelf life. Finally, the MCN were applied in isotonic tangerine soft drinks without exceeding the use of food additives regulations. Based on the parameter of CIELab system was possible to get an orange tonality by using a lower concentration of norbixin (2.86 ± 0.02 μg norbixin/mL). The isotonic beverage (BIT) added of MCN shows a stability during storage on accelerated conditions (heat and light) since the results indicated a high half-life time (29.71 days) when was compared with an BIT added of norbixin non-encapsulated (6.56 hours). According to this research, the results obtained showed the potential of the use of microencapsulation to increase the stability of norbixin, thus obtaining a natural dye with an effective application in aqueous matrix, mainly in beverages.
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Hobson, Debra Kay. "A natural source of anthraquinone dye intermediates : production and identification of microbial anthraquinones, an environmentally friendly method of producing dye intermediates, and their conversion to textile dyestuffs." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566824.
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An environmentally friendly route to anthraquinone dyes has been developed by exploiting the anthraquinone biochromophores produced by microorganisms. An extensive screen of biochromophore producers, including species of Pyrenophora, Trichoderma, Drechslera, Phoma and Curvularia, was undertaken. The biochromophores were extracted from the mycelia with acetone and characterised by means of TLC, HPLC, GLC, mass spectrometry and UV /vis spectrophotometry. Most of the organisms produced anthraquinones unsuitable for conversion to anthraquinone dyes/dye intermediates. Problems included the anthraquinones being produced only at low temperatures, being too complex for dye conversion, possessing substitutions in the P-position, or being produced association with fatty material or as mixtures and thus not of high enough purity for dye conversion. Two strains of Curvularia, C. lunata and C. ramosa produced cynodontin (1,4,5,8- tetrahydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone) of the required purity although initial yields were poor and associated with melanin. Strain selection and manipulation of the culture medium resulted in elimination of melanin and cynodontin yields of up to l.0g dm-3. The culture medium developed contains nitrate as the nitrogen source and 6% sucrose as the carbohydrate source. Zinc was shown to influence the balance between anthraquinone and melanin production whilst a cycle of l2h white light/l2h respite from light produced a lO fold increase in cynodontin yield. The optimum pH was pH 7.0 whilst a temperature of 28°C and aeration of around 4 dm3 minot with impeller speed of 400rpm was preferred. Cynodontin, once acceptable as a dyestuff in its own right, no longer has the washfastness required for modern detergents. However, as an intermediate, cynodontin requires only a few simple chemical steps to produce a blue biodye which is an analogue of Disperse Blue 7 and a green biodye which is an analogue of Acid Green 28. Both biodyes appear brighter than their chemically synthesised analogue and also possess slightly better fastness properties than the conventional dyes when applied to knitted polyamide.
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Silva, Patrícia Muniz dos Santos. "Corantes naturais das cascas das árvores Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville e Croton urucurana Baill., nativas do Brasil: extração, tingimento, solidez de cor e caracterização do efluente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-01112018-152734/.
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Esse trabalho objetivou investigar o potencial dos extratos aquosos das cascas de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville) e sangra dágua (Croton urucurana Baill.) como corante natural têxtil. Os extratos foram caracterizados quanto ao pH, o teor de sólidos totais e a estabilidade no armazenamento. Os extratos foram liofilizados e avaliados por espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), termogravimetria (TG) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). Foram realizados experimentos preliminares de tingimento em tecidos multifibra e em diferentes concentrações dos extratos. A partir desses experimentos, foram definidas as variáveis temperatura, tempo e concentração do extrato para o estudo do tingimento por planejamento experimental 2³, em tecidos 100 % algodão e 100 % lã. Os tecidos tingidos em condição otimizada, sem e com mordentes metálicos, foram avaliados quanto à cor, a solidez de cor à luz, à lavagem, à fricção e ao suor. Os efluentes foram coletados e caracterizados quanto ao pH, turbidez, sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e teores de ferro e alumínio dissolvidos. Foram conduzidos ensaios bacteriológicos nos extratos aquosos, etanólicos e liofilizados e nos tecidos tingidos. Os resultados das análises por FTIR indicaram a presença de taninos, lignina e celulose nos extratos. Pelo estudo de estabilidade os extratos possuem duração de 42 dias. Nas análises por TG, os extratos obtiveram perda de massa total similares e não geraram alteração na degradação dos tecidos tingidos. Na análise por DSC os extratos obtiveram picos endotérmico e exotérmixo em temperaturas próximas. As melhores condições para o tingimento dos tecidos avaliados é em 98 °C, por 60 min e na concentração de 100 % do extrato. A solidez de cor dos tecidos tingidos variou de baixa a excelente. Os extratos liofilizados apresentaram propriedades antibacterianas. Os efluentes apresentaram valores de STD, DBO, DQO e alumínio e ferro dissolvidos acima dos limites determinados pela legislação nacional. De modo geral, os resultados obtidos indicam que os extratos das cascas de barbatimão e sangra dágua são promissores para serem utilizados como corantes naturais têxteisThis research aimed to investigate the potential of aqueous extracts of barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville) and sangra dágua (Croton urucurana Baill.) bark as natural textile dyes. The extracts were characterized for pH, total solids content and storage stability. The extracts were lyophilized and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Preliminary dyeing experiments were carried out on multifiber fabrics and at different extracts concentrations. From these experiments, the variables temperature, time and concentration of the extract for the study of dyeing by experimental design 2³ in 100 % cotton and 100 % wool fabrics were defined. Fabrics dyed in optimized condition, using metal mordants and with no mordents, were evaluated by colorimetry, color fastness to light, wash, rubbing and perspiration. The effluents were collected and characterized by pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved iron and aluminum contents. Bacteriological tests were conducted on aqueous, ethanolic and lyophilized extracts and on dyed fabrics. The results of the FTIR analysis indicated the presence of tannins, lignin and cellulose in the extracts. By the stability study were found that the extracts have a duration of 42 days. In the TG analyzes, the extracts obtained similar total mass loss and did not generate alteration in the degradation of the dyed fabrics. In the DSC analysis the extracts obtained endothermic and exotherm peaks at near temperatures. The optimized dyeing for the evaluated fabrics is at 98 °C for 60 min and at the concentration of 100 % of the extract. The color fastness of the dyed fabrics ranged from low to excellent. Lyophilized extracts showed antibacterial properties. The wastewater showed values of TDS, BOD, COD and aluminum and iron dissolved above the limits determined by national legislation. In general, the results indicate that barbatimão and sangra dágua extracts are promising for use as natural textile dyes
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Петрушка, І. М. "Науково-методологічні основи екологічно безпечних технологій очищенння стічних вод сорбентами мінерально-сировинної бази України." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2013. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4636.
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Дисертація розглядає розроблення науково-методологічних основ екологічно безпечних технологій очищення стічних вод сорбентами мінерально-сировинної бази України, теоретичні та експериментальні дослідження процесів адсорбційного очищення рідинних середовищ в системах з природними дисперсними сорбентами, процеси модифікування цих сорбентів та процеси розділення багатокомпонентної системи від забрудників методом селективної адсорбції (промислової хроматографії). Вирішена науково-технічна проблема дала змогу розробити та впровадити високоефективні технології очищення стоків, забруднених барвниками, органічними розчинниками та радіонуклідами, які є одними із найнебезпечніших забрудників гідросфери. Теоретично та експериментально досліджено процеси кислотного модифікування бентонітів за умов використання реактора з мішалкою та кульового млина. Встановлені оптимальні умови його перебігу, розроблені адекватні математичні моделі, встановлені значення кінетичних коефіцієнтів та запропоновані принципові технологічні схеми реалізації цих процесів. Розроблені теоретичні основи моделювання процесів очищення рідинних середовищ адсорбцією природними сорбентами. Запропонована математична модель процесу для встановлення лімітуючої стадії на основі розрахунку зовнішньодифузійних параметрів (на основі теорії локальної ізотропної турбулентності для апаратів з механічними пристроями) та внутрішньодифузійних параметрів (із використанням теоретичних розрахунків ефективних коефіцієнтів внутрішньої дифузії). Досліджено сорбцію Сs та Sг на модифікованих глинистих мінералах та встановлено оптимальні умови процесу. Доведено, що у разі застосування модифікованих глинистих сорбентів не спостерігається вторинне забруднення води металами-модифікаторами. Проведено ідентифікацію експериментальних даних адсорбції радіонуклідів існуючим теоретичним ізотермам сорбції. Досліджені аспекти використання рідинної хроматографії в промислових умовах для розділення суміші органічних розчинників. Рішення адсорбційної моделі використані для прогнозування конкурентної рівноваги адсорбції розчину та активного компонента рухомої фази на основі ізотерм адсорбції, а стандартні ізотерми адсорбції визначені на підставі додаткових даних адсорбції, виміряних в інертній системі. Запропоновано принципову технологічну схему хроматографічного розділення суміші органічних розчинників.
Основні результати передані для впровадження у виробництво та навчальний процес.Диссертация посвящена разработке научно-методологических основ экологически безопасных технологий очистки сточных вод от органических красителей, растворителей и радионуклидов сорбентами минерально-сырьевой базы Украины. В работе приведены теоретические и экспериментальные исследования процессов адсорбционной очистки жидкостных сред природными дисперсными сорбентами, методы модифицирования этих сорбентов в зависимости от необходимой степени их активации, а также рассмотрена перспективность использования жидкостной хроматографии для разделения многокомпонентной системы органических растворителей методом селективной адсорбции (промышленной хроматографии). Решенная научно-техническая проблема дала возможность разработать и внедрить высокоэффективные технологии очистки стоков, загрязненных красителями, органическими растворителями и радионуклидами. На основании теоретических и экспериментальных исследований процессов кислотного модифицирования бентонитов разработана классификация методов модифицирования природных сорбентов в зависимости от вида загрязнителя, а также рассчитаны адекватные математические модели, вычислены значения кинетических коэффициентов и предложены принципиальные технологические схемы реализации процессов. Разработанные теоретические основы моделирования процессов очистки сточных вод адсорбцией природными и модифицированными сорбентами. Предложены математические модели для прогнозирования лимитирующей стадии процесса сорбции на основании теории локальной изотропной турбулентности для аппаратов с механическими устройствами - при расчете внешнедиффузионных параметров, а также внутридиффузионных параметров с использованием теоретических расчетов эффективных коэффициентов внутренней диффузии. Исследована сорбция Сs и Sг с жидких радиоактивных отходов на модифицированных глинистых минералах и установлены оптимальные условия процесса. Доказано, что в случае применения модифицированных глинистых сорбентов не наблюдается вторичное загрязнение воды металлами-модификаторами. Проведена идентификация экспериментальных данных адсорбции радионуклидов существующим теоретическим изотермам сорбции. Исследованны аспекты использования жидкостной хроматографии в промышленных условиях для разделения смеси органических растворителей. Решения адсорбционной модели использованы для прогнозирования конкурентного равновесия адсорбции раствора и активного компонента подвижной фазы на основе изотерм адсорбции, а стандартные изотермы адсорбции определенные на основании дополнительных данных адсорбции, измеренных в инертной системе. Предложена принципиальная технологическая схема хроматографического разделения смеси органических растворителей. Основные результаты переданы для внедрения в производство и используются в учебном процессе.
On the basis of theoretical and experimental investigations of the acid modification bentonite developed adequate mathematical model, calculated values of the kinetic coefficients and the proposed process flow diagram the process. The theoretical basis of modeling processes of cleaning liquid media by adsorption of natural sorbents. The proposed mathematical model of the process to establish the rate-limiting step by calculating external diffusion parameters (based on the theory of locally isotropic turbulence for vehicles with mechanical devices) and internal diffusion parameters (using theoretical calculations of effective internal diffusion coefficient). Investigated the adsorption of Cs and Sr on the modified clay minerals and optimum process conditions. Proved that in the case of the modified clay adsorbents is observed secondary pollution of water modifier metal. Identified on the experimental data of adsorption of radionuclides existing theoretical sorption isotherms. Studied aspects of liquid chromatography in industrial conditions for separating a mixture of organic solvents. Solutions of the adsorption model used to predict the competitive equilibrium adsorption solution and the active component of the mobile phase on the basis of the adsorption isotherms, and the standard adsorption isotherms determined on the basis of additional data of adsorption measured in an inert system. A basic flow diagram of chromatographic separation of a mixture of organic solvents. Main results released for implementation in production and use in the classroom.
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Liu, Catherine. "It should be familiar: the book as a time stamp." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6981.
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It Should Be Familiar is an artist’s book and collection of copper and steel intaglio printing plates. Together they examine shifts in external and internal identities, personal symbols, and perceptions of trauma over time. The book is printed with a plant-based dye mixture that reacts differently to each metal plate. As a parallel to the mentioned personal shifts, images in the book will change color with exposure to the metals as well as UV light.
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Tingvall, Josefin. "Soft Society." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5853.
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Illustrated exam paper for Josefin Tingvalls project Soft Society. Which is about investigating through cloth and textile our urban surrounding. The core question ; if I go out in an urban area and use textile as a recordmaterial, what traces and stories will I bring back? By looking at textileas a matter, craft and as a philosophical starting point in urban areas, what can it tell about our surrounding and our society? In the three mainchapters of the paper, Tingvall reflects upon important themes such as wandering and spectating, also exhibiting of process based craft, textilein urban areas and matter-based dyes and their relation to us.Soft society
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Modesto, Heloísa Speranza. "The socio-economic impact of weaving and naturally dyed textile production in San Juan la Laguna, Guatemala." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60384.pdf.
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Lai, Xuan-Rong, and 賴宣融. "Development of natural dyes for dye sensitized solar cells." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wkt9nv.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
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The performance of dye sensitized solar cells is mainly based on the dye as a sensitizer, the natural dyes have extensively replaced synthetic dyes. In the experiments of the research is based on the two natural dyes of chlorophyll and anthocyanin for the study, one of the natural dyes is chlorophyll, which is extracted from wormwood and the other is anthocyanin dye which is extracted from purple cabbage extract. In addition, the chlorophyll and anthocyanin dyes were blended in the proportion of equal volume as cocktail-form dyes. The way of extracting natural dye is to mix the materials in a container of absolute ethanol, methanol and acetone, which is then placed in another container of water for heating and the temperature of heating is 50oC for 30 min, so as to extract dye. Regarding the preparation of electrode for experiments of the study, P25 TiO2 powder for commercial use is coated by Spin coating on the ITO conducting surface to form a thin film. The FTO for use by electrode is Pt electrode at thickness of around 20nm made by sputtering. Each of the dyes absorbs spectrum UV-VIS. The absorption peak of chlorophyll dye is 660 and 410 nm, whereas the absorption peak of anthocyanin dye is 550 nm. But cocktail dye can acquire the absorption features of both dyes, with absorption strength being within the range of absorption strength of these two independent dyes. the photoanode was made by spin coasting, preparation of films have been made at three different speeds 500 1000 1500 rpm, approximately 30, 25 and 20 μm. The result of experiment shown that the film is made at speed 1000rpm with the cocktail dissolve in solvent of absolute ethanol achieve the greatest photo-electric conversion effciency (η) 1.74%, open-circuit voltage (VOC) 0.645V, and short-circuit current density (JSC) 3.16mA/cm2. In addition the chlorophyll dye is extracted from wormwood achieves the photo-electric conversion efficiency (η) 0.9%, moreover the anthocyanin dyes extracted from purple cabbage achieves the photo-electric conversion efficiency 1.47%.