Journal articles: 'Natural endowment'

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Boyd, Rae. "Does Natural Endowment Fade?" Gifted Education International 3, no. 2 (September 1985): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142948500300215.

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SOUKAR, Louai. "Natural Resources Endowment and WTO." Journal of Economic Integration 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 546–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2019.34.3.546.

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Stephens, Matt, Melody Gray, Edward Moydell, Julie Paul, Tree Sturman, Abby Hird, Sonya Lepper, Cate Prestowitz, Casey Sharber, and Aaron Steil. "ENDOWMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE BOTANIC GARDENS." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 495A—495. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.495a.

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The University of Delaware Botanic Gardens (UDBG) is at a critical juncture in its development. Momentum of shared interest at the University of Delaware and the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources favors the Gardens' advancement as an institution. Having identified endowment planning as a critical and immediate need for UDBG, the goal of this research was to gather pertinent institutional knowledge from select university-based public gardens throughout the United States that had already created an endowment. Key staff were interviewed during the summer of 2005 at Cornell Plantations, JC Raulston Arboretum, Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, and the State Botanic Garden of Georgia. Valuable insights into the procurement and management of endowments within a university-based garden environment were gained through these interviews. Utilizing these results, as well as input from an advisory Task Force, specific recommendations for the University of Delaware Botanic Gardens were made from within the following topic areas: Organizational Structure, Planning, Current Strategies, The Endowment, and The Donor.

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Zoogah, David B. "Natural resource endowment and firm performance: T he moderating role of institutional endowment." Global Strategy Journal 8, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 578–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1169.

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AUTY, RICHARD M. "NATURAL RESOURCE ENDOWMENT, THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY." Journal of International Development 9, no. 4 (June 1997): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199706)9:4<651::aid-jid474>3.0.co;2-4.

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Aguilera, Roberto F., and Roberto Aguilera. "Indexation and Normalization Modeling of Natural Gas Endowment." Mathematical Geosciences 44, no. 3 (March 21, 2012): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-012-9393-6.

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Yamarik, Steven, and Sucharita Ghosh. "Is natural openness or trade policy good for the environment?" Environment and Development Economics 16, no. 6 (August 18, 2011): 657–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x11000271.

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AbstractIn this paper, we estimate the individual effects of natural openness and trade policy on air pollution. Natural openness is the component of the trade share (imports and exports as a percentage of GDP) attributable to population, geography and factor endowment differences. We find that natural openness reduces air pollution, while trade policy has a limited impact. The implication is that ‘natural’ geographic and endowment differences play a more important role than deliberate trade policy decisions in explaining the trade and environment link.

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Kondrat’ev, V. "Mineral and Natural Resources as Global Competitiveness Factor." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2010): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-6-20-30.

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The availability of raw material resources is an important factor of global competitiveness. In fact, this point may not be applied to all countries. Moreover, according to research, in many developing countries the natural resources endowment is inversely related to the pace of economic growth and living standards, and positively related to income inequality. Such negative connection between the natural resources endowment and economic growth is named the “resource damnation” . The development analysis of countries rich in mineral resources demonstrates that the economic policy pattern plays a key role in prevention of the “Dutch disease”, achievement of sustainable economic growth and improving competitiveness of national economy.

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Wang, Jianqin, Lijie Qin, and Hongshi He. "Assessing Temporal and Spatial Inequality of Water Footprint Based on Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors in Jilin Province, China." Water 11, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030521.

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Freshwater resources are limited and uneven in their spatiotemporal distribution, and substantial increases in water demand from rapidly developing economies and concentrated populations place pressure on the available water. Research on the inequality of water footprint (WF) could provide countermeasures for the rational use and allocation of water resources. We evaluated the temporal and spatial inequality of WF using the Gini coefficient and imbalance index based on socioeconomic and environmental factors in Jilin Province. The results showed that from 2008 to 2015, the overall inequality of WF in Jilin Province was “relative equality”, and the inequalities between the WF and population, cultivated area were “high equality”; between the WF and gross domestic product (GDP) was “relative equality”; and between the WF and natural water endowment was “high inequality”. With respect to space, the differences of WF inequality were significant. In the west, the WF inequality changed greatly, from “relative equality” to “relative inequality” driven by population, GDP, cultivated area, and natural water endowment. In the middle, the WF inequality showed large internal differences with “high inequality” or “high equality” caused by GDP and natural water endowment. In the east, the WF inequality was relatively stable, at “high equality” or “neutral” affected by natural water endowment and population. The varied impact factors reflected the differences in natural resources and socioeconomic conditions in the various regions, and the results might provide a theoretical basis for guiding the rational allocation of water resources.

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Sholikin, Ahmad. "Petroleum Fund Pada Pemerintahan Lokal (Study Kasus Inovasi Kebijakan “Dana Abadi Migas” di Bojonegoro)." Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Praktek Administrasi 16, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31113/jia.v16i1.224.

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The Bojonegoro District Government took the initiative to establish the Bojonegoro Petroleum and Natural Gas (Oil and Gas) Endowment Fund. The establishment of this Oil and Gas Endowment Fund aims to ensure the existence of a saving fund for future generations when oil and gas and gas in the region has run out. This idea is in line with the fact that in the long term Bojonegoro will contribute significantly to domestic oil and gas production and also the fact that Bojonegoro has succeeded in alleviating poverty, in one area that was once considered the poorest district in Java. The establishment of the Oil and Gas Endowment Fund is also based on consideration of avoiding the curse of natural resources. Reflecting on the experience of regions rich in natural resources, including oil and gas resources, where the level of human welfare and development is lower than in areas of poor natural resources. The level of social conflict is quite high, environmental damage is quite severe, Dutch desiase, excessive spending (over spending), corruption thrives and more.

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Aguilera, Roberto, and Ronald Ripple. "Using size distribution analysis to forecast natural gas resources in Asia Pacific." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10102.

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Increasing energy consumption in the Asia Pacific region will largely be met by fossil fuel resources. Natural gas production in the region presently ranks behind that of oil and coal; however, the abundance of natural gas could lead to a significant gas market share increase in the energy mix. The purpose of this extended abstract is to estimate the total endowment of conventional natural gas in Asia Pacific. This is carried out with a variable shape distribution (VSD) model, which forecasts volumes in provinces that have not been previously evaluated. The endowment is then distributed across countries to show where volumes are most likely to be found. A breakdown between offshore versus onshore resources is also estimated. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant natural gas endowment in the region. The estimated distribution across countries and onshore/offshore areas provides insight into the relative economics of natural gas production in the region, as well as a basis for potential investment decisions. With appropriate energy policies and improvements in technology, it may be possible to tap the vast natural gas potential in the Asia Pacific. Considering natural gas may be the most abundant, inexpensive, and clean fossil fuel, the outcome would be increased energy security and a low carbon economy.

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Ojukwu-Ogba, Nelson, and Patrick Osode. "Reversing the ‘Resource Curse’ Phenomenon in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act After a Decade." African Journal of Legal Studies 10, no. 2-3 (December 7, 2017): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340019.

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Abstract Natural resources endowment is a blessing to the endowed states due to their catalytic development-driving potential. The exploitation of the endowment should result in rapid socio-economic development. However, for most developing states, the blessing of these natural resources strangely tends to turn disadvantageous; a phenomenon that has been distinctly identified in the literature as ‘the resource curse’. This paper examines that phenomenon, using Nigeria as a case study given the serious environmental, political and socio-economic challenges occasioned by the country’s exploitation of its oil and gas endowment. The paper particularly considers the impact of the statutory intervention in Nigeria to reverse the trend through the instrumentality of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act (NEITI Act) 2007. The paper further explores what could be the most effective means of containing the said problems in light of their implications for the future of the country and its people.

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Qiang, Qiu, and Chen Jian. "Natural resource endowment, institutional quality and China's regional economic growth." Resources Policy 66 (June 2020): 101644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101644.

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Ndikumana, Léonce, and Kaouther Abderrahim. "Revenue Mobilization in African Countries: Does Natural Resource Endowment Matter?*." African Development Review 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2010.00250.x.

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Dong, Zhiqiang, and Yongjing Zhang. "A sequential game of endowment effect and natural property rights." Economics Letters 149 (December 2016): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.10.009.

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Chen, Wendy Y., and Danny T. Wang. "Urban forest development in China: Natural endowment or socioeconomic product?" Cities 35 (December 2013): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.06.011.

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Aguilera, Roberto F., and Roberto Aguilera. "World natural gas endowment as a bridge towards zero carbon emissions." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 79, no. 3 (March 2012): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.09.004.

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Zhao, Chun Hua, Yu E. Wang, and Dong Sheng He. "Association between Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption Structure in Hebei Province." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2607.

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Based on the results of SSM, regional natural endowment conditions, the stage of economic development and the industrial structure evolution determine the energy consumption structure, while the changes in total energy consumption determine the changes in amount of carbon emissions. Under the premise of the total energy consumption is determined, the optimization of energy consumption structure will reduce the carbon intensity (emissions per unit of GDP), that is to achieve low-input, low-emission energy, high output, which is the essence of the low carbon economic development model. Hebei Energy consumption is heavily dependent on coal; however, coal utilization efficiency is low and unit energy carbon emissions are huge, therefore, energy structure dominated by carbon-based energy is a long-term constraint of the development of low carbon economy. Energy consumption structure is composed of regional natural endowments, the stage of economic development and industrial structure, and it is difficult to change in the short term.

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Dinda, Soumyananda. "Natural Resources Determining FDI in Nigeria." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2014): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v3i1.88.

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This study investigates the determinants of FDI to Nigeria during 1970-2006. This study suggests that the endowment of natural resources, trade intensity, macroeconomic risk factors such as inflation and exchange rates are significant determinants of FDI flow to Nigeria. The findings suggest that in long run, market size is not the significant factor for attracting FDI to Nigeria, it contradicts the existing literature. The findings indicate that FDI to Nigeria is resource-seeking. Results also suggest that trading partner like the UK in North-South (N - S) and China in South-South (S - S) trade relation have strong influence on Nigeria’s natural resource outflow.

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Poonia, Anamika, and Milap Punia. "A question on sustainability of drinking water supply: a district level analysis of India using analytic hierarchy process." Water Policy 20, no. 4 (April 13, 2018): 712–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.104.

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Abstract The subject of drinking water supply falls under the legislative jurisdiction of the State governments in India. States have their own mechanism of drinking water supply through urban and rural local bodies. Drinking water supply itself is a multidimensional phenomenon of sources, quality, accessibility, sufficiency, etc. This study combines various aspects of drinking water supply at the district level, by assigning weights through analytic hierarchy process, to result in a drinking water supply index. The spatial pattern of drinking water supply index is not in favor of the areas having abundant natural water endowment. Areas which are low in the natural endowment of water are better in drinking water supply, while areas which have abundant natural water are not able to manage the available water and are low on the drinking water supply index. Among various socio-economic-political factors, water governance is most important in the wake of water supply being the function of urban and rural local bodies.

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Wang, Yuting. "Research on the Location Choice of Chinese Enterprises’ Overseas Investment under the Motivation for Seeking natural resources in Host Country." E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020601001.

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Since the “Belt and Road” initiative was put forward in 2013, China’s overseas investment has achieved rapid development. As a country with high energy consumption, China’s demand for the host country’s natural resources such as iron ore and fuel is increasing. The impact of motivation for seeking natural resources on the location choice of Chinese enterprises’ overseas investment has also received extensive attention. This paper selects the overseas investment records of Chinese companies in 40 countries from 2007 to 2017 as a sample. And this paper uses the conditional logit model to explore the impact of the host country’s natural resources on the location choice of Chinese enterprises’ overseas investment with different ownerships under the “Belt and Road” initiative. The study found that the natural resource endowment of the host country has a significant positive impact on the location choice of Chinese enterprises’ overseas investment. And it has a stronger promotion effect on the overseas investment of Chinese state-owned enterprises. The “Belt and Road” initiative has significantly improved the role of the host country’s natural resource endowment in the location choice of China’s non-state-owned enterprises’ overseas investment.

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Tingling, Peter M., Kamal Masri, and Dani Chu. "Catch and release? NHL expansion draft endowment effects." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 9, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-04-2018-0028.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate National Hockey League (NHL) expansion draft decisions to measure divestment aversion and endowment effects, and analyze bias and its affect on presumed rational analytic decision making. Design/methodology/approach A natural experiment with three variables (age, minutes played and presence of a prior relationship with a team’s management), filtered athletes that were exposed or protected to selection. A machine learning algorithm trained on a group of 17 teams was applied to the remaining 13 teams. Findings Athletes with pre-existing management relationships were 1.7 times more likely to be protected. Athletes playing fewer relative position minutes were less likely to be protected, as were older athletes. Athlete selection was predominantly determined by time on ice. Research limitations/implications This represents a single set of independent decisions using publicly available data absent of context. The results may not be generalizable beyond the NHL or sport. Practical implications The research confirms the affect of prior relationships on decision making and provides further evidence of measurable sub-optimal decision making. Social implications Decision making has implications throughout human resources and impacts competitiveness and productivity. This adds to the need for managers to recognize and implement de-biasing in areas such as hiring, performance appraisal and downsizing. Originality/value This natural experiment involving high-stakes decision makers confirms bias in a setting that has been dominated by students, low stakes or artificial settings.

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Aguilera, Roberto F. "Oil, Natural-Gas, and NGL Endowment in North, Central, and South America." SPE Economics & Management 2, no. 02 (October 1, 2010): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/124490-pa.

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Porto, Natalia, and Natalia Espinola. "Labor income inequalities and tourism development in Argentina: A regional approach." Tourism Economics 25, no. 8 (March 2019): 1265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619828143.

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This study aims to explore the regional wages inequalities and its relationship with the development of tourism and amenities endowment. We estimate a spatial error model for 29 metropolitan agglomerations in Argentina during the period 2004–2015. Four indices of touristic amenities that interact with tourism employment—as a proxy for tourism development—in labor income inequality estimations are used. Results show that the labor income distribution depends on the natural resources endowment, as well as the development of tourism in the agglomerates. A more equal distribution of labor income is observed in the agglomerates that have a greater presence of water-based resources, while the relationship is inverse in agglomerates with a greater presence of land-based resources. Also, the tourism employment has an unequal effect on labor income. In conclusion, the study shows the relevance of including aspects of regional development and resource endowment in the analysis of income inequality.

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Lehto, Otto. "Studying the cognitive states of animals: Epistemology, ethology and ethics." Sign Systems Studies 37, no. 3/4 (December 1, 2009): 369–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2009.37.3-4.02.

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The question of cognitive endowment in animals has been fiercely debated in the scientific community during the last couple of decades (for example, in cognitive ethology and behaviourism), and indeed, all throughout the long history of natural philosophy (from Plato and Aristotle, via Descartes, to Darwin). The scientific quest for an empirical, evolutionary account of the development and emergence of cognition has met with many philosophical objections, blind alleys and epistemological quandaries. I will argue that we are dealing with conflicting philosophical world views as well as conflicting empirical paradigms of research. After looking at some examples from the relevant literature of animal studies to elucidate the nature of the conflicts that arise, I propose, in strict Darwinian orthodoxy, that cognitive endowments in nature are subject to the sort of continuum and gradation that natural selection of fit variant forms tends to generate. Somewhere between the myth of “free” humans and the myth of “behaviourally conditioned” animals lies the reality of animal behaviour and cognition. In the end, I hope to have softened up some of those deep-seated philosophical problems (and many quasi-problems) that puzzle and dazzle laymen, scientists and philosophers alike in their quest for knowledge about the natural world.

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Gosens, Jorrit. "Natural resource endowment is not a strong driver of wind or PV development." Renewable Energy 113 (December 2017): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.06.062.

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Misra, Varucha, A. K. Shrivastava, A. K. Mall, S. Solomon, Akhilesh Kumar Singh, and Mohammad Israil Ansari. "Can sugarcane cope with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration?" Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(05) 2019 (May 20, 2019): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.05.p1582.

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Climate change is the one of the most emerging problem of today’s world. It is the most potent threat to the existence of mankind. These sudden abrupt changes in the climate are affecting all the crops to a great extent. High concentrations of CO2 are one of the leading reasons contributing to climate change due to the increasing level of green-house gases. The elevation in CO2 level is hampering crop production and productivity of different crops by causing effect on different physiological attributes. Unlike other crops, in sugarcane, several beneficial effects have been detected such as escalation in biomass, photosynthesis, leaf area, stalk juice volume, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight under such condition. Sugarcane crop is known to be one among those crops that is able to cope up with the increasing level of CO2 due to four natural endowments it possesses. Very low carbon dioxide compensation point and unique property of sequestering carbon in form of phytolith or planstone is some of the important natural endowment with respect to the rising CO2 concentration in atmosphere. Here, we have discussed the influence of atmospheric rising CO2 concentration on sugarcane crop.

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Zhan, Jing Vivian. "Natural Resources, Local Governance and Social Instability: A Comparison of Two Counties in China." China Quarterly 213 (March 2013): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741013000040.

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AbstractThis article compares two neighbouring underdeveloped counties in south-west China. They share many similarities in economic, political and demographic structures, but experience divergent levels of social instability. The comparison suggests that, under China's political system and cadre incentive structure, the endowment of mineral resources in one county, and the lack thereof in the other, significantly influences the modes of economic development and local governance in these two counties, and thus contributes to their different levels of social instability.

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Bradshaw, Barry E., Meredith L. Orr, and Tom Bernecker. "Distribution and estimates of Australia's identified energy commodity resources." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20116.

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Australia is endowed with abundant, high-quality energy commodity resources, which provide reliable energy for domestic use and underpin our status as a major global energy provider. Australia has the world’s largest economic uranium resources, the third largest coal resources and substantial conventional and unconventional natural gas resources. Since 2015, Australia’s gas production has grown rapidly. This growth has been driven by a series of new liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects on the North West Shelf, together with established coal seam gas projects in Queensland. Results from Geoscience Australia’s 2021 edition of Australia’s energy commodity resources assessment highlight Australia’s endowment with abundant and widely distributed energy commodity resources. Knowledge of Australia’s existing and untapped energy resource potential provides industry and policy makers with a trusted source of data to compare and understand the value of these key energy commodities to domestic and world markets. A key component of Australia’s low emissions future will be the development of a hydrogen industry, with hydrogen being produced either through electrolysis of water using renewable energy resources (‘green’ hydrogen), or manufactured from natural gas or coal gasification, with carbon capture and storage of the co-produced carbon dioxide (‘blue’ hydrogen). Australia’s endowment with abundant natural gas resources will be a key enabler for our transition to a low emissions future through providing economically competitive feedstock for ‘blue’ hydrogen.

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Meselson, Matthew. "Human Heredity Now and in the Future." European Review 27, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798718000601.

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The distinctive human characteristic of curiosity, once liberated from belief in supernatural causes of natural phenomena, has led with increasing speed to the brink of a world in which humanity will increasingly direct its own genetic endowment, raising the question of what we most value in being human and how to keep faith with it.

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Ash, Robert F., and Richard Louis Edmonds. "China's Land Resources, Environment and Agricultural Production." China Quarterly 156 (December 1998): 836–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000051365.

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Success in agriculture depends on many factors embracing the natural environment, economic and demographic policy, institutions and technology. China's agricultural resource endowment has long encouraged reliance on land-intensive methods to raise farm outputs. Indeed, the record of agricultural growth in China since 1978 is most remarkable for the overwhelming debt it owes to increases in yields per hectare.

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Ahmad, Abdi Yuya, Babikigalaga Denis Akouwerabou, and Yehualashet Demeke Lakew. "Natural resource endowment and firm-level innovation in Africa: Evidence from cross-country analysis." African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550926.

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Sulaiman, Fawzia. "COMMUNICATION APPROACH FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN VARIOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEM ZONES: A Case Study in South Sumatra Province." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 3, no. 2 (July 30, 2013): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v3n2.2002.43-51.

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An effective communication and dissemination of research results should be based on the natural resource endowment in each agro-ecosystem and the socio-economic background of the prospective clientele. The objective of this study was to examine several forms of communication approaches for disseminating agricultural technology and information. This study was based on a baseline survey conducted in four agroecosystems of South Sumatra Province, i.e. tidal swamp, swamp, dry lowland, and irrigated lowland. Results indicated that the social economic condition and natural resource endowment of farmers in the swamp agro-ecosystem zone (AEZ) of Ogan Komering Ilir is suitable for fishery development instead of food crop agribusiness. However, farmers in the swamp AEZ need technologies that reduce their workload in land cultivation and weeding activities. Further, as field extension workers (FEWs) were considered as the source of agricultural information by most farmers, the involvement of FEWs in agricultural research and technology assessment will increase the effectiveness of the innovation transfer, especially in the tidal swamp and irrigated lowland AEZs. In the four AEZs, the FEWs and farmer group leader can be used as an effective channel to convey agricultural technology and information in South Sumatra Province.

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Villarroel, Javier. "Valuation of Endowment-Insurance Equity-Linked Contracts for Stocks with Exotic Dynamics." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/314286.

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We consider the fair martingale prize of insurance contracts with benefit received either at the insurer’s demise or at maturity. We show how to modify the dynamics of the underlying so as to incorporate the possibility that the traded stock has a strong support at some level. The resulting dynamics is integrated and the fair prize of several natural endowment-insurance contracts is obtained.

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Murshed, Syed Mansoob. "What Turns a Blessing into a Curse? The Political Economy of Natural Resource Wealth (Invited Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4I (December 1, 2007): 351–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4ipp.351-377.

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I review the relationship between natural resource endowment type and economic growth in developing countries. Certain types of natural resources, such as oil and minerals, tend to exhibit concentrated production and revenue patterns, while revenue flows from other resources such as agriculture are more diffuse. Most developing countries that export products from the first group have been prone to growth failure in recent times. The most important channels are political economy mechanisms, where there are negative relationships between natural resource rents and institutional development. An explicit model of growth collapse with micro-foundations in rent-seeking contests that have increasing returns in rent-seeking outlays is presented.

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Chekera, Yolanda T., and Vincent O. Nmehielle. "The International Law Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources as an Instrument for Development: The Case of Zimbabwean Diamonds." African Journal of Legal Studies 6, no. 1 (2013): 69–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342021.

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Abstract Extensive research has shown that revenue from the exploitation of natural resources can sustain development. Conversely, development research literature has shown that many developing countries have failed to use the natural resources to improve and sustain good living for their citizens. In most cases, those in political offices have squandered the resources and benefits that have accrued from the country’s natural endowments. This article explores how the international law principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources (PSNR) could be used as a vehicle for development, particularly looking at the case of Zimbabwean diamonds. While the principle could be an instrument for development, this article argues that legislation governing mining in Zimbabwe is not facilitative of a people-centred interpretation of the principle. Mining legislation vests the custodial right over the country’s mineral resources in the President. This creates an opportunity for abuse, as it limits the extent to which the people, as beneficiaries of the principle, can lay claim to the content of the principle. It also effectively limits any say the people may have on how revenue from the sale of diamonds is utilised, and how they would want to benefit from the resource. The article concludes that there is a need for legislative reform that speaks to development that is people-centred without which the majority of the people will keep sinking into the doldrums of extreme poverty, despite the country’s resource endowment. The hope is that the new Zimbabwean constitution will provide the impetus in this regard.

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Awolusi, Olawumi Dele. "Policy and Non-Policy Factors: What Determines Foreign Direct Investments in Africa?" Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 4 (January 27, 2019): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2691.

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Studies have been conducted on the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) destinations. However, there seem to be few studies on determinants in African countries. This paper evaluates the determinants of FDI inflows, by examining specific relationships between the determinants (policy and non-policy factors) and FDI inflows to Africa, using a panel dataset from 1980 to 2016. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) were used as the estimation techniques. The dependent variable, FDI inflows, was represented by the ratio of FDI flows to GDP, while the independent variables were agglomeration effects, trade openness, fiscal balance-macroeconomic condition, market size, economic instability, exchange rate, foreign aid, human capital development, corporate tax, and natural resource endowment. First-year lag of FDI (agglomeration effects), trade openness, market size, economic instability, foreign aid, human capital development, and natural resources (oil and metals) endowment have positive and significant effects on FDI inflows to Africa, while there is a negative relationship between FDI inflows to the continent and fiscal balance (public debt), exchange rate, and corporate tax. Consequently, government policies and non-policy factors played significant roles in facilitating FDI inflow into Africa during the study period. The p-value of the estimation (0.0001) further attests to the statistical significance of the results. Consequently, African countries must improve their regulatory framework to be able to attract more inflow of FDI. Efforts should also be made to reform and improve macroeconomic policies, institutional quality, and natural comparative advantages.

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Ezeoha, Abel E., and Nicolette Cattaneo. "FDI Flows to Sub-Saharan Africa: The Impact of Finance, Institutions, and Natural Resource Endowment." Comparative Economic Studies 54, no. 3 (April 26, 2012): 597–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.2012.18.

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Yang, Zhiwei, Yuan Wang, and Yingchang Xiang. "Research and Planning Design of Traditional Village Tourism Pension Model—Taking Madiping Village in Longnan as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 04034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019804034.

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The tourism pension in traditional villages is based on the rural agricultural production value and tourism cultural value as the attraction, relying on the natural landscape, human customs, historical buildings and other resources of traditional villages. With Madiping village as an example, through the surrounding economic factors, climate environment, comfort, leisure, entertainment, medical rehabilitation, spirit culture and service facilities of these seven factors questionnaire survey analysis, hierarchical structure model is established by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), it is concluded that the present stage tourism endowment patterns relations, weights of factors affecting peasant casual is the trend of the development of local tourism endowment. On the basis of qualitative research, based on the protection of the historical features of traditional villages, the principle of rural tourism, leisure and old-age care was created, and the planning and design of remote tourism and old-age care was carried out in combination with rural resources and environment, so as to achieve the purpose and significance of promoting rural economic revitalization and regional development.

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Anggraeni, Palupi, Peter Daniels, and Peter Davey. "Improving the Benefit of Natural Resources Endowment to Economic Welfare in Indonesia: A Mixed-Method Analysis." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 3 (June 17, 2020): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.3.12067.

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Li, Gui Yuan, and Fei Fei Yu. "Exploration Interactive Development between Mountain Towns Ecological Security and Tourism Industry − Take Ye Sanguan as Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.136.

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Based on the ecological security perspective, because of the natural resource endowment, the industrial layout of mountain towns was combined mode of specialty agriculture and mountain tourism. According to elaborating the concept and connotation of ecological safety of the mountain town, combing the mountain town development as well as the characteristics of the mountain complex ecosystem, taking examples to analyze the characteristics of natural resources of mountainous towns and urban development in Western Hubei, this paper has researched interactive development strategy between mountain towns ecological security and tourism industry from the theory of urban science, ecology and other disciplines ,and it aims to promote development of settlements environment construction ,which is more healthy and orderly.

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Alim, Sabur, and Theophilus Eseyin. "Development of a Fingerprint Lock Safe with Vibration Sensor." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v20n1.203.

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Biometric recognition is a means of identification in which natural human endowment is used. Fingerprint, Iris, Face, DNA are examples of biometrics. Algorithms have been developed to recognize and identify each natural human endowment which in turn can be used to identify every human being. The aim of this study is to develop a safe which can only be accessed using Fingerprint with vibration sensor thereby improving the safety and security of traditional locks using key and padlock. This system ensures that only users whose fingerprint has been enrolled on the fingerprint sensor memory can access the Safe. Fingerprint Biometric among other biometrics can deliver high level of security which eradicates the need to remember PINs, passwords or the necessity of carrying keys/cards and identity proof. The system makes use of an Arduino UNO microcontroller which controls and connect the necessary hardware required for locking and unlocking the safe. The program running on the microcontroller was developed using Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) with C programming language. The range of functionality of the system is wide, it is implemented with low cost hardware, simple user interface, high security reliability and theft alert are some of the major advantages of this project. It is intended that the fingerprint lock safe shall eventually replace the manual traditional methods used for personal safe keeping of properties that is common in Nigeria and hence provide practicable way for a better security.

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Guo, Rufei, and Junsen Zhang. "The Effects of Children's Gender Composition on Filial Piety and Old-Age Support*." Economic Journal 130, no. 632 (February 28, 2020): 2497–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa027.

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Abstract Do parents forge children’s preference for old-age support? Becker (1993) conjectures that the inculcation of filial piety increases parents’ investment in children’s human capital. We provide the first empirical evidence on parents’ instilling of filial piety in children, by combining the natural experiment of twins with China’s One-Child Policy to obtain exogenous variations in children’s gender composition. Among the different models of filial-piety inculcation, our empirical results favour a Beckerian model of altruism inculcation in which parents solicit support from the child with a higher earnings endowment.

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Liu, Changwei. "Energy Reserves and Industrial Development in Northeast India." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129201033.

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The northeast of India is rich have abundant natural resources and has superior energy reserves, but the economic development of the region is backward which is difficult to forming industrial effects. Based on the energy conditions and economic endowment of northeast of India, this paper examines the development dilemma of this region and analyzes the policies adopted by India to promote the economic and industrial development of the region, so that the local economic potential can be released, energy development can be enhanced, and the industrial layout can be more reasonable.

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Wang, Ying, and Xiangyuan Chen. "Natural resource endowment and ecological efficiency in China: Revisiting resource curse in the context of ecological efficiency." Resources Policy 66 (June 2020): 101610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101610.

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Kang, Yuanfei. "Regulatory institutions, natural resource endowment and location choice of emerging-market FDI: A dynamic panel data analysis." Journal of Multinational Financial Management 45 (June 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2018.04.003.

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Mesagan, Peter Ekundayo, Akanni Ismaila Yusuf, and Azubuike Isaac Ogbuji. "Natural resource endowment and output growth: How crucial is deficit financing in managing resource-rich African economies?" Journal of Social and Economic Development 21, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40847-019-00083-z.

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BRUNT, LIAM. "Nature or Nurture? Explaining English Wheat Yields in the Industrial Revolution, c.1770." Journal of Economic History 64, no. 1 (March 2004): 193–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050704002657.

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This article presents the first agricultural production function for the eighteenth century, thereby quantifying the effect of many new technologies coming on stream in English agriculture. It shows that some traditional technologies were effective in raising wheat yields, such as drainage and marling; but some innovations of the eighteenth century were much more effective, particularly turnips and seed drills. Environmental factors are incorporated into the model. Climate is shown to be a crucial factor in determining yields but soil quality was much less important. This undermines the accepted argument that England's success was due to a superior natural endowment.

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Keay, Ian. "The Engine or the Caboose? Resource Industries and Twentieth-Century Canadian Economic Performance." Journal of Economic History 67, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000010.

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The Canadian economy, already wealthy, diverse, and relatively industrial at the dawn of the twentieth century, had not yet outgrown its reliance on resource-intensive production. Empirical evidence indicates that the exploitation of Canada's natural resource endowment made direct and indirect contributions to the size and efficiency of the twentieth-century domestic economy. I conclude that the concentration of capital and labor in resource industries did not constrain the rate of change of Canadian real GNP per capita between 1900 and 1999, and it appears to have had a substantial positive impact on the level of real GNP per capita.

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Fabry, Nathalie, and Sylvain Zeghni. "Foreign direct investment in Russia: how the investment climate matters." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, no. 3 (September 1992): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00012-0.

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Among European transition economies and the CIS, Russia is the largest country and has the most important endowment of natural resources, well-educated labour force, and large potential market. Paradoxically, Russia is one of the least attractive host countries in this region. This situation may generate a risk of economic marginalization. Our main task is to develop our understanding of FDI in Russia by asking a main question: Why is Russia an exception in the context of FDI globalization? Is Russia willing to stay outside the general trend of fierce competition for FDI and able to developed endogenously sustainable growth?

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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural endowment'

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