Relevant bibliographies by topics / Natural growth rate

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Natural growth rate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural growth rate"

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Rowan, Nicholas, Amanda Stapleton, Molly Heft-Neal, Paul Gardner, and Carl Snyderman. "The Natural Growth Rate of Residual Juvenile Angiofibroma." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 79, no. 03 (October 26, 2017): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607419.

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Objectives Examine the postoperative growth rate of residual juvenile angiofibroma (JA) in a large series of patients relative to pediatric growth parameters and other prognostic factors. Establish an algorithm for postoperative surveillance of patients with JA. Design Retrospective case series. Setting Tertiary referral academic center. Participants Pediatric patients undergoing surgical resection of JA between September 2005 and June 2015. Main Outcome Measures Postoperative recurrence and tumor growth rates. Results Thirty-eight patients were identified with a mean follow-up of 24.1 months. Sixty-eight percent (26/34) of patients achieved gross total resection, and 32% (12/38) had persistent postoperative disease. Of those with postoperative residual tumor, all had preoperative skull base involvement and residual blood supply from the internal carotid artery following embolization. Sixty-seven percent (8/12) of patients with postoperative residual tumor demonstrated radiographic stability of disease with scans being completed approximately every 6 months. Radiographic rates of disease progression ranged from 4.1 to 9.22 mm/year. Conclusions Patients with preoperative skull base involvement and residual vascularity following preoperative embolization are more likely to have residual postoperative disease, and a longer postoperative follow-up is warranted in these patients. Progression of residual disease occurred approximately 7.5 months postoperatively. Younger patients may be more likely to need further intervention for postoperative residual disease, and postoperative imaging at 6-month intervals appears appropriate.
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Leon-Ledesma, M. A. "The endogeneity of the natural rate of growth." Cambridge Journal of Economics 26, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 441–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/26.4.441.

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Thirlwall, A. P. "The Relation between the Warranted Growth Rate, the Natural Rate, and the Balance of Payments Equilibrium Growth Rate." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 24, no. 1 (September 2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01603477.2001.11490316.

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Lanzafame, M. "The balance of payments-constrained growth rate and the natural rate of growth: new empirical evidence." Cambridge Journal of Economics 38, no. 4 (October 29, 2013): 817–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bet058.

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Burger-Wiersma, Tineke, and Luuc R. Mur. "Carbohydrate dynamics and growth rate of natural phytoplankton populations." Hydrobiological Bulletin 20, no. 1-2 (November 1986): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02291153.

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Long Chiang, Chin. "A true rate of population growth—Lotka's intrinsic rate of natural increase revisited." Mathematical Biosciences 103, no. 1 (February 1991): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5564(91)90095-z.

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Hoon, Hian Teck, and Edmund S. Phelps. "Growth, wealth and the natural rate: Is Europe's jobs crisis a growth crisis?" European Economic Review 41, no. 3-5 (April 1997): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(97)00021-4.

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Umetsu, Michihisa, Hitoshi Goto, Masato Ohara, Munetaka Hashimoto, Takuya Shimizu, Daijirou Akamatsu, Ken Tsuchida, et al. "Natural History and Chronological Growth Rate of Renal Artery Aneurysms." Annals of Vascular Diseases 10, no. 4 (2017): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3400/avd.oa.17-00075.

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KOHYAMA, T., and T. HARA. "Frequency Distribution of Tree Growth Rate in Natural Forest Stands." Annals of Botany 64, no. 1 (July 1989): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087807.

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Riyadi, Agung, Purbayu Budi Santosa, Yunastiti Purwaningsih, and Adhitya Wardhono. "ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC TEACHING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE NATURAL ECONOMIC GROWTH CONCEPT." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 3 (May 25, 2019): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7381.

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Purpose of Study: The aim of this paper is analyzing Islamic teaching on economic growth. Methodology: The methods are the constructing method to differ Islamic teaching from the economic growth concept and the conceptualizing method to form the Islamic economic growth concept. Results: The results are Islamic teaching prefers to place economic growth as an implicit issue, while economic right as an explicit issue and the Islamic economic growth rate is the natural economic growth rate that contains social surplus. The rate is higher than the population growth rate. Other results are a normal industry and the Bayt al-mal is not as an instrument of fiscal and monetary policies. The concept can be compared to the Historical, Keynesian and Classical and Neoclassical concepts. Implications/Applications: The Islamic economic growth concept can be used to avoid economic problems, to cause economy runs normally and to have a social surplus.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural growth rate"

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Mendieta, Muñoz Ivan Irmin. "Essays on the endogeneity of the natural rate of growth in Latin American countries." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54346/.

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This Thesis contains four original essays that have been devoted to the study of different elements of the hypothesis of endogeneity of the natural rate of growth. The theoretical framework of the Thesis is presented in Chapter 1. In it, we explore various elements that are of utmost importance in order to understand the hypothesis of endogeneity and that have been generally overlooked by the literature. The four empirical essays presented in Chapters 2 to 5 explore different aspects of the endogeneity of the natural rate of growth in a sample of thirteen Latin American countries during the period 1981-2011. The first two empirical essays test the hypothesis of endogeneity using new specifications and various econometric techniques. The results indicate that the natural rate of growth is endogenous to the actual rate of growth, so that the long-run economic growth rate presents sensitivity both in the upward and downward directions in the majority of countries of study. We also find evidence that suggests that expansions are more important than recessions in the sample of Latin American countries. Chapter 4 tries to: 1) estimate a time-varying natural rate of growth; and 2) measure the sensitivity of the latter with respect to its individual components: the rate of growth of labour productivity and the rate of growth of labour force. The results show that the natural rate of growth is more sensitive to labour force growth in the sample of Latin American countries. Finally, the fifth essay studies the interactions between the individual components of the natural rate of growth and the individual components of the rate of growth of aggregate demand. The empirical results show that the rate of growth of labour productivity is more sensitive to the different components of the rate of growth of aggregate demand. However, we find mixed evidence regarding which component of the rate of growth of aggregate demand is more relevant, so that it is not possible to derive a single conclusion that encompasses all the Latin American countries of study. All in all, the present research finds both theoretical elements and empirical evidence that support the hypothesis of endogeneity of the natural rate of growth in Latin America during the period 1981-2011.
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Kalish, Alexander P. "The Effect of Natural Disasters on Volunteerism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/916.

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The power of natural disasters to significantly and drastically alter the lives of the people they touch is vast, and the response rate of the provided aid can be the difference between a successful recovery and not. This study examines the relationship between natural disasters and volunteerism. The analysis makes use of panel data measurements on volunteer rate and volunteer hours per resident as well as FEMA measurements of major natural disasters from 2005 – 2012. I find that states that experience a natural disaster in the current year experience a significant and positive increase in volunteer rate in the year following the disaster. The findings highlight the importance of policy focused on harnessing volunteer labor in the wake of natural disasters.
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Leite, Anna Olimpia de Moura. "Endogeneidade da taxa natural de crescimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-30012013-200904/.

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De acordo com León-Ledesma and Thirlwall (2002), o presente trabalho se propõe a testar a endogeneidade da taxa natural de crescimento para um conjunto amplo de países, no sentido do crescimento de longo prazo ser determinado pela demanda. Econometricamente, a principal hipótese a ser testada é a presença de não linearidade na Lei de Okun, que implica na existência de duas taxas naturais, cada uma correspondendo a um regime de crescimento. Utilizando dados anuais para o período de 1980 a 2007 e dados trimestrais para o intervalo entre 1980 e 2011, os resultados corroboram a hipótese de endogeneidade quando aplicada a metodologia proposta por LLT. Esta evidência se repete ao definir exogenamente os regimes de crescimento pelos métodos de Markov-Switching e threshold autoregressive regression (TAR) para os dados anuais, no entanto, para os dados trimestrais há indicações de endogeneidade e exogeneidade da taxa natural de crescimento.
Following León-Ledesma and Thirlwall (2002), this master\'s thesis aims to examine the sensitivity of the natural growth rate to the actual growth rate for a broad set of countries, based on demand-led growth theory. The main hypothesis being tested is the presence of non-linearities in Okun\'s Law, which means the existence of two natural growth rates, each corresponding to a growth regime. Using annual data over the period 1980-2007 and quarterly data over the period 1980-2011, the results support the idea that natural growth rate is dependent of the actual growth rate when applying LLT\'s methodology. This evidence repeats when establishing exogenously the regimes of growth by using Markov-Switching and threshold autoregressive regression (TAR) for the annual data, however for quarterly data this is less straightforward, having indication of endogenous and exogenous natural growth rate.
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Malik, Zafar Iqbal. "Genes that underlie natural variation in growth rate and flowering time in local accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8901.

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Growth rate and flowering time are agriculturally important traits that are linked to fitness, productivity and reproductive success of plants. To study the genetic basis for natural variation in growth rate and flowering time between local accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, hybrids were produced between fast growing / late flowering and slow growing / early flowering parents. F3 and F5 hybrid families were grown under a range of conditions – under a constant controlled environment, outside over the winter and outside in spring and early summer. Growth rates were estimated from repeated images of rosettes. Flowering time, as number of leaves to flower, was also recorded both in control and natural conditions for F5 lines. Damage by slugs and stress-induced production of anthocyanin pigments were also recorded for plants grown outside. Broad-sense heritability estimates were higher for F5 families than F3, in which more loci will segregate, and ranged from 48% to 89%. No significant correlation between growth rates under different environments was observed in most cases for F3 populations, however significant correlations were detected for F5 families outside and under controlled conditions, suggesting that same genes can affect growth rate in more than one environment. The genotypes of F3 families were determined at thirty-nine SSLP (simple sequence length polymorphism) loci and used in regression with phenotype data to search for quantitative trait loci (QTL). Significant QTLs were detected in F3 families for growth rate, flowering time and anthocyanin production, but not for herbivore damage. To confirm QTL detected in the F3 and to detect additional loci, bulk segregant analysis was carried out in F5 families grown under different conditions. Potentially linked markers were tested further in individual F5 plants and QTL mapped on a finer scale in F5 families that remained heterozygous for candidate regions. VIP5 and LDL1 were selected as potential candidate genes for flowering time variation. These genes were sequenced for two parental alleles. A transposon insertion and 5’ UTR deletion were found in the LDL1 allele from the late flowering parent and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were observed throughout the gene. However both alleles appeared to be expressed at similar levels. Transgenic lines have been produced carrying the LDL1 allele from the early flowering parent (4D1) in the background of the later flowering parent (11C1). This work is on-going and will hopefully reveal whether LDL1 underlies differences in flowering behaviour seen between 11C1 and 4D1.
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Staffan, Fia. "Food competition and its relation to aquaculture in Juvenile Perca fluviatilis /." Umeå : Dept. of Aquaculture, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s329.pdf.

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Wallin, Isa. "Why are fish in the Baltic Sea so small? : A study of somatic and gonad growth in relation to salinity in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230310.

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It has been shown that fish of both marine and limnetic origin display increased growth at intermediate salinities. Furthermore, it has been shown that fish in the brackish water Baltic Sea are smaller compared to their conspecifics in the Atlantic, where salinities are higher. Also, it has been suggested that fish produce more eggs at the edges of their distribution range as a response to inferior environmental conditions. In this study, I investigated if there is a trade-off in energy investment between somatic and gonad growth in relation to salinity. To do this, I performed a growth experiment and a literature review. In the growth experiment, juvenile turbot were reared in salinities of 6, 10.5, 15 and 30 ‰. I found that turbot juveniles from Gotland grew equally well in all salinities investigated. In the literature review, data from the Baltic Sea was tested against data from the North and Black Seas. Data of turbot total energy investment (somatic and gonad growth) was analyzed. I found that energy content at age differed significantly between the populations investigated with lower energy content for the Baltic Sea populations. Also, growth rate in relation to energy content (size) was analyzed for the different populations, but no difference for growth rate in relation to energy content occurred. The result of the analysis of growth rate indicates that the change in allocated energy is the same, regardless of population, and thus that fish from the Baltic Sea display growth rates similar to those of other populations. It was also established that energy investment in gonads increased along with decreasing salinities. The smaller size of turbot in the Baltic Sea is therefore probably the result of a difference in size at maturity, possibly because less energy is allocated to somatic growth and more energy to start producing eggs. It is probably also the consequence of that the Baltic Sea turbot, post sexual maturity, continue to invest more energy in egg production.
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Barbieri, Cezar Wancura. "Utilização de dois intervalos de descanso entre pastoreios em pastagem natural com novilhas de corte na estação quente." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10831.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and ingestive behavior of beef heifers grazing natural grassland managed under rotational grazing according to two rest periods in spring and summer. The treatments were two intervals between grazing 375 and 750 DD (degree days), based on thermal cumulative average for leaf expansion of native grasses belonging to two functional groups. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with two treatments and three replications. The experiment was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012. The test animals were Angus beef heifers, with an initial mean age of 12 months and initial weight 185.2 ± 17.4 kg. The ingestive behavior variables evaluated were grazing time, rumination and rest, and daily number and duration of meals, bite rate, number of stations visited per minute, number of steps between feeding stations, length of stay at the station. All variables of ingestive behavior were similar between treatments. However, grazing time and biting rate ranged between assessments. The different intervals between grazing on natural pasture did not influence the patterns of ingestive behavior of heifers. The variables of pasture mass of green leaf and stalk weight in different time periods evaluated the influence of grazing, ruminating and bite rate. Forage mass was higher in the 750 DD treatment, however, the mass of leaf blades were similar among treatments. The highest average daily gains and gains per area were observed in 375 DD treatment. In one evaluation period there was weight loss in animals of both treatments, that was attributed to a drought occurred and the lowest mass of leaf blades of the period. The average stocking density was similar between treatments. The treatment of lower defoliation interval presented greater individual gain.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o comportamento ingestivo de novilhas de corte em pastagem natural manejada sob pastoreio rotativo em função de dois intervalos de descanso na primavera-verão. Os tratamentos avaliados foram dois intervalos entre pastoreios 375 e 750 GD (graus-dia), baseados na soma térmica média acumulada para a expansão foliar de gramíneas nativas pertencentes a dois grupos funcionais. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos completamente casualizados com dois tratamentos e três repetições de área. O experimento foi conduzido de novembro de 2011 a abril de 2012. Os animais testes foram novilhas de corte, da raça Angus, com idade média inicial de 12 meses e peso inicial 185,2 ± 17,4 kg. As variáveis do comportamento ingestivo avaliadas foram o tempo de pastejo, ruminação e ócio, além de número diário e duração das refeições, taxa de bocados, número de estações visitadas por minuto, número de passos entre estações alimentares, tempo de permanência na estação. Todas as variáveis do comportamento ingestivo foram semelhantes entre os tratamentos avaliados. No entanto, o tempo de pastejo e a taxa de bocados variaram entre as avaliações. Os diferentes intervalos entre pastoreios em pastagem natural não influenciou os padrões de comportamento ingestivo das novilhas. As variáveis do pasto MLFV e massa de colmos nos diferentes períodos avaliados influenciaram nos tempos de pastejo, ruminação e taxa de bocados. A massa de forragem foi superior no tratamento 750 GD, no entanto, a massa de lâminas foliares foi semelhante entre os tratamentos. Os maiores ganhos médios diários e ganhos por área foram observados no tratamento 375 GD. Em um dos períodos de avaliação houve perda de peso nos animais de ambos os tratamentos, que foi atribuído ao déficit hídrico ocorrido e a menor massa de lâminas foliares do período. As cargas médias foram semelhantes entre os tratamentos. O tratamento de menor intervalo entre desfolhas proporcionou aos animais maior ganho individual.
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Silva, Danilo Freitas Ramalho da. "Três abordagens sobre desemprego: teórica, empírica e de história das idéias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-15122011-175236/.

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Esta tese tem como objetivo estudar a questão do desemprego a partir de três abordagens distintas: teórica, empírica e de história das idéias. Uma tese com essas características se faz relevante justamente por apresentar diferentes abordagens científicas sobre um tema tão caro à sociedade e à ciência econômica. Na abordagem de história das idéias, concluiu-se que foram os trabalhos de Lucas (1972a, 1972b) que, de fato, estabilizaram o conceito de \"taxa natural de desemprego\" na literatura econômica do pós-guerra, através da introdução da hipótese das expectativas racionais em um arcabouço de equilíbrio geral. É mostrado, através da análise de sua correspondência, no final dos anos 1960, que sua pesquisa sobre o tema estava, na verdade, intimamente ligada à pesquisa de Phleps, ao mesmo tempo em que não tinha conexão com a pesquisa de Friedman. No capítulo teórico, foi construído um modelo teórico de crescimento com restrição externa à la Thirlwall em que a taxa e crescimento da participação da força de trabalho emerge como a variável endógena que iguala a taxa de crescimento de longo prazo da oferta à taxa de crescimento de longo prazo da demanda. No capítulo empírico, foi mostrado através da evolução da razão saldo em transações correntes/PIB que a restrição de equilíbrio do balanço de pagamentos teve impacto no aumento de probabilidade do trabalhador formal transitar para o emprego informal, para o emprego por conta própria, para o desemprego e para fora da PEA, durante os anos 1980 e 1990, no Brasil. Sendo assim, esta tese espera ter cumprido seu papel de contribuir para com a literatura econômica sobre o desemprego através de análises originais em cada tipo de abordagem apresentada, sinalizando, assim, a riqueza da ciência econômica e valorizando esta tese, também, por explorar a pluralidade metodológica e a profundidade analítica.
The aim of this thesis is to study the unemployment issue from three different approaches: theoretical, empirical and history of ideas. A thesis with these features is relevant because it presents different scientific approaches to an important subject to society and to Economics. In the history of ideas\' approach, this thesis concluded that the works of Lucas (1972a, 1972b) stabilized the concept of \"natural rate of unemployment\" in the post-war economic literature through the introduction of rational expectations hypothesis into a general equilibrium framework. It is shown, through Lucas\'s correspondence in the end of the 1960\'s, that his research on the subject was, in fact, closely related to Phelps\'s research but not related to Friedman\'s research. In the theoretical approach, it was built a theoretical growth model with external constraint, à la Thirlwall, in which the rate o growth of labor force participation emerges as the endogenous variable that equalizes the long run rate of growth of supply with the long run rate of growth of demand. In the empirical approach, it was shown through the evolution of the current account/GDP ratio that balance of payments equilibrium constraint had impact in the raise of the probability of workers in formal jobs to move to informal Jobs, to self-employment jobs, to unemployment and to inactivity, during the 1980\'s and 1990\'s, in Brazil. Thus, this thesis hopes to have accomplished its role in contributing to economic literature on unemployment through original analysis in each kind of approach presented, showing the richness of Economics and, at the same time, increasing the value of this thesis for exploring the methodological plurality and the analytical deepness.
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Davidsson, Simon. "Natural resources and sustainable energy : Growth rates and resource flows for low-carbon systems." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301930.

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Large-scale deployment of low-carbon energy technologies is important for counteracting anthropogenic climate change and achieving universal energy access. This thesis explores potential growth rates of technologies necessary to reach a more sustainable global energy system, the material and energy flows required to commission these technologies, and potential future availability of the required resources. These issues are investigated in five papers. Potential future growth rates of wind energy and solar photovoltaics, and the associated material requirements are explored, taking the expected service life of these technologies into account. Methodology for assessing net energy return and natural resource use for wind energy systems are analyzed. Potential future availability of lithium and phosphate rock are also investigated. Estimates of energy and materials required for technologies such as wind energy and photovoltaics vary, and depend on the assumptions made and methods used. Still, it is clear that commissioning of low-carbon technologies on the scale required to reach and sustain a low-carbon energy system in coming decades requires significant quantities of both bulk materials and scarcer resources. For some technologies, such as thin film solar cells and electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries, availability of materials could become an issue for potential growth rates. Future phosphate rock production could become highly dependent on few countries, and potential political, social and environmental aspects of this should be investigated in more detail. Material and energy flows should be considered when analyzing growth rates of low-carbon technologies. Their estimated service life can indicate sustainable growth rates of technologies, as well as when materials are available for end-of-life recycling. Resource constrained growth curve models can be used to explore future production of natural resources. A higher disaggregation of these models can enable more detailed analysis of potential constraints. This thesis contributes to the discussion on how to create a more sustainable global energy system, but the methods to assess current and future energy and material flows, and availability of natural resources, should be further developed in the future.
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Rocha-Nicoleite, Edilane. "Processos iniciais de restauração ecológica em áreas degradadas por mineração de carvão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/141878.

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Tendências atuais em restauração evidenciam a importância de propiciar o retorno das funções ecossistêmicas e ecológicas. Porém muitas áreas possuem baixo potencial para reestabelecimento de processos ecológicos devido à perda da resiliência, o que faz da restauração ecológica um processo desafiador. Para o sucesso das atividades propostas, é essencial que no decorrer do projeto os sistemas sejam capazes de retomar sua trajetória sucessional e dinâmica temporal, sem necessidade de futuras intervenções humanas. O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar os processos iniciais de restauração ecológica em áreas degradadas por mineração de carvão, através da análise de trajetórias sucessionais envolvendo: (1) taxas de crescimento e mortalidade de mudas nativas introduzidas e sua relação com atributos funcionais de plantas; (2) chuva de sementes associada, ou não, ao uso de poleiros artificiais e sua relação com regenerantes de espécies lenhosas; e (3) regeneração natural e sua relação com fatores abióticos e bióticos. Mudas de espécies nativas introduzidas sob condições limitantes (devido ao alto nível de impacto) apresentaram diferentes performances e relações com atributos, por vezes distintas do esperado para espécies sob condições naturais. A limitação de sementes nas áreas em restauração pode ser, potencialmente, reduzida pelo uso de poleiros artificiais, aumentando especialmente sementes de espécies não-pioneiras e zoocóricas. No entanto, não foi verificada relação entre a chuva de sementes e a taxa de recrutamento. Fatores abióticos, relacionados à composição química do solo, e fatores bióticos, como a presença de gramíneas exóticas, foram as variáveis com maior influência negativa sobre a regeneração natural. Este estudo evidencia a possibilidade do retornar do processo de sucessão natural em áreas de mata ciliar que foram profundamente alteradas por mineração de carvão, em um tempo relativamente curto. Entretanto, recomendamos o uso de objetivos realísticos e intermediários, bem como monitoramentos detalhados nas fases iniciais.
In current projects of ecological restoration, the return of ecosystem functions and natural processes is an important aim. However, many areas have lost their resilience due the high damage they have been submitted to, and this makes the ecological restoration a challenging process. For the success of the proposed activities, it is essential that during the project, the ecosystem can return to its successional trajectory without necessity of strong human intervention in the future. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the initial processes of ecological restoration in areas severally degraded by coal mining, through analyses of successional trajectories regarding: (1) growth and mortality rates of planted samplings and their relationship to functional traits; (2) seed rain, associated or not, to perches and its relationship to natural regeneration of woody species; and (3) natural regeneration of woody species and its relationship to abiotic and biotic variables. Planted saplings under limited conditions (due the high impact of mining) showed to have distinct performance and trait relationships, somewhat different to the expected for species under natural conditions. The study indicates that the limitation of seeds in areas under ecological restoration can be reduced by the use of perches, increasing especially the number of seeds of non-pioneer and zoocoric species. Nevertheless, we did not found a relation between seed rain and recruitment rate. Soil chemistry (abiotic variable) and the cover of exotic grasses (biotic variable) were the variables with the strongest negative impact on natural regeneration. We conclude that it is possible to return to successional processes in areas of riparian forest severely damaged by coal mining activities in a relatively short time, but recommend the use of realistic, intermediate restoration goals and detailed monitoring in early restoration phases.
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Books on the topic "Natural growth rate"

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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Native American. Health Security Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on H.R. 3600, to ensure individual and family security through health care coverage for all Americans in a manner that contains the rate of growth in health care costs and promotes responsible health insurance practices, to promote choice in health care, and to ensure and protect the health care of all Americans, hearing held in Washington, DC. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Native American. Health Security Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on H.R. 3600, to ensure individual and family security through health care coverage for all Americans in a manner that contains the rate of growth in health care costs and promotes responsible health insurance practices, to promote choice in health care, and to ensure and protect the health care of all Americans, hearing heald in Washington, DC, February 28, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Native American Affairs. Health Security Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on H.R. 3600, to ensure individual and family security through health care coverage for all Americans in a manner that contains the rate of growth in health care costs and promotes responsible health insurance practices, to promote choice in health care, and to ensure and protect the health care of all Americans, hearing heald in Washington, DC, February 28, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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World Bank. Global Development Finance 2008 (Vol I. Review, Analysis, and Outlook). Washington, D.C: The World Bank, 2008.

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World Bank. World Development Indicators 2009. Washington, D.C: The World Bank, 2009.

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Kirchman, David L. Microbial growth, biomass production, and controls. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0008.

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Soon after the discovery that bacteria are abundant in natural environments, the question arose as to whether or not they were active. Although the plate count method suggested that they were dormant if not dead, other methods indicated that a large fraction of bacteria and fungi are active, as discussed in this chapter. It goes on to discuss fundamental equations for exponential growth and logistic growth, and it describes phases of growth in batch cultures, continuous cultures, and chemostats. In contrast with measuring growth in laboratory cultures, it is difficult to measure in natural environments for complex communities with co-occurring mortality. Among many methods that have been suggested over the years, the most common one for bacteria is the leucine approach, while for fungi it is the acetate-in ergosterol method. These methods indicate that the growth rate of the bulk community is on the order of days for bacteria in their natural environment. It is faster in aquatic habitats than in soils, and bacteria grow faster than fungi in soils. But bulk rates for bacteria appear to be slower than those for phytoplankton. All of these rates for natural communities are much slower than rates measured for most microbes in the laboratory. Rates in subsurface environments hundreds of meters from light-driven primary production and high organic carbon conditions are even lower. Rates vary greatly among microbial taxa, according to data on 16S rRNA. Copiotrophic bacteria grow much faster than oligotrophic bacteria, but may have low growth rates when conditions turn unfavorable. Some of the factors limiting heterotrophic bacteria and fungi include temperature and inorganic nutrients, but the supply of organic compounds is perhaps most important in most environments.
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I, Sheppard Marsha, and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited., eds. Methane production rates from natural organics of glacial lake clay and granitic groundwater. Pinawa, Man: AECL, Whiteshell Laboratories, 1996.

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Joshi, Mahesh K., and J. R. Klein. Australia—The Hidden Jewel. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827481.003.0012.

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The twenty-first century is being touted as the Asian century. With its stable economy, good governance, education system, and above all the abundant natural resources, will Australia to take its place in the global economy by becoming more entrepreneurial and accelerating its rate of growth, or will it get infected with the so-called Dutch disease? It has been successful in managing trade ties with fast-developing economies like China and India as well as developed countries like the United States. It has participated in the growth of China by providing iron ore and coal. Because it is a low-risk country, it has enabled inflow of large foreign capital investments. A lot will depend on its capability and willingness to invest the capital available in entrepreneurial ventures, its ability to capture the full value chain of natural resources, and to export the finished products instead of raw materials, while building a robust manufacturing sector.
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Dyson, Tim. Medieval to Mughal Times c.1000 to c.1707. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829058.003.0004.

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This chapter considers the period from the onset of major Muslim military advance to Aurangzeb’s death. In general, the population continued to grow slowly and fitfully. We can only speculate about variation in the rate of population growth. The fourteenth-century Black Death perhaps touched parts of the north-west. But there is no evidence of a major demographic collapse. The seventeenth century, the peak period of Mughal rule, was very challenging—for example, in terms of famines and plague. Nevertheless, the population seems to have grown. Analysts have used deficient data, for example on the cultivated land area, to try to estimate the size of India’s population c.1595. Considering previous work, a figure of 125 million seems a reasonable compromise. However, given the inadequate nature of the data, this number is very far from firm. Previous research appears to have overstated the size of Mughal cities and the accompanying level of urbanization.
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Merchant, Emily Klancher. Building the Population Bomb. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197558942.001.0001.

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Building the Population Bomb examines how human population came to be understood as a problem in the twentieth century, how it became an object of intervention for governments, scientists, and nongovernmental organizations, and how some forms of intervention got coded as legitimate while others were recognized as coercive. It traces the emergence and growth of two scientific perspectives on population from the 1920s to the present. The first, rooted in the natural sciences, considered the world’s population as a whole in relation to natural resources. The second, rooted in the social sciences, considered national population growth rates in relation to economic growth. These two perspectives converged briefly after World War II, convincing world leaders that population growth posed a barrier to economic development and a threat to worldwide peace and environmental integrity. The book documents how this overpopulation consensus attracted vast sums of money to demography and population control, and teases out the differences between population control, birth control, and family planning. It concludes with the fracturing of this consensus at the end of the 1960s, constituting the factions that structure today’s debates over whether the world’s population is growing too quickly or not quickly enough, and over what should be done about it. The book documents how population growth came to take the blame for the world’s most complex and pressing problems, and how efforts to solve “the population problem” have diverted attention and resources from the pursuit of economic, environmental, and reproductive justice.
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Book chapters on the topic "Natural growth rate"

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von Fournier, D., W. Hoeffken, and M. Friedrich. "Natural Growth Rate of Primary Breast Cancer and its Metastases." In Breast Diseases, 78–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73523-3_9.

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Majumder, Mrinmoy, and Rabindra Nath Barman. "Application of a Genetic Algorithm to Predict the Growth Rate of Bufo melanostictus in Urban Forest." In Application of Nature Based Algorithm in Natural Resource Management, 59–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5152-1_5.

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von Weizsäcker, Carl Christian, and Hagen M. Krämer. "The Natural Rate of Interest and the Optimal Rate of Interest in the Steady State." In Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century, 17–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75031-2_2.

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AbstractThe “natural rate of interest” is the hypothetical, risk-free real rate of interest that would obtain in a closed economy, if net public debt were zero. It is considerably less than the optimal steady-state rate of interest, which is equal to the system’s growth rate. This holds for a very general “meta-model.” The fundamental equation of capital theory holds on the optimal steady-state path: T = Z − D, where T is the overall economic period of production, Z is the representative private “waiting period” of consumers and D is the public debt ratio. Prosperity is at least 30% lower at the natural rate of interest than at the optimal rate.
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Nishimura, A., J. Yamamoto, and A. Nyilas. "Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of SUS 316 and Weld Joint with Natural Crack at 7 K." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 81–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9056-6_11.

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Little, Karen, Michael Rose, Antonio Patti, Timothy Cavagnaro, and Roy Jackson. "Effect of Application Rate of Commercial Lignite Coal-Derived Amendments on Early-Stage Growth of Medicago sativa and Soil Health, in Acidic Soil Conditions." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 1085–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_201.

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Conover, David O., and Eric T. Schultz. "Natural selection and the evolution of growth rate in the early life history: what are the trade-offs?" In Early Life History and Recruitment in Fish Populations, 305–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1439-1_11.

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Haruma, Ken, Tadashi Tokutomi, Takehiro Shimamoto, Shinji Tanaka, Masaharu Yoshihara, Shinya Kishimoto, Koji Sumii, and Goro Kajiyama. "Natural History of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, with Special Reference to Evaluation of Clinical Growth Rate by Tumor Volume Doubling Time." In Recent Advances in Diseases of the Esophagus, 592–98. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68246-2_96.

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Kregel, J. A. "Natural and Warranted Rates of Growth." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1204-1.

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Kregel, J. A. "Natural and Warranted Rates of Growth." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1204-2.

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Cho, Kyung Gi. "Natural History, Growth Rates, and Recurrence." In Meningiomas, 45–51. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-784-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Natural growth rate"

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Titova, Ekaterina A. "Non-stationary dendrite shape in the case of a high growth rate." In 29TH RUSSIAN CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN NATURAL SCIENCES. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0059625.

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Xingbo Sun and Xiuhua Tang. "Prediction of the crystal's growth rate based on BPNN and rough sets." In 2010 Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computing (CINC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cinc.2010.5643759.

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Brust, F. W., D. J. Shim, E. Punch, S. Kalyanam, and D. Rudland. "Natural PWSCC Crack Growth in Dissimilar Metal Welds With Inlay." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26108.

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The commercial nuclear power industry has proposed several mitigation techniques to address safety concerns due to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in nickel-based dissimilar metal (DM) welds (specifically Alloy 82/182 welds) in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Since many of these welds reside in primary piping systems that have been approved for Leak-Before-Break (LBB), the mitigation strategies chosen must ensure that these systems still satisfy the LBB criteria. Mechanical Stress Improvement Process (MSIP), Full and Optimized Structural Weld Overlay (FSWOL, OWOL), and Inlay and Onlay cladding are examples of the currently proposed mitigation methods. This paper focuses on an evaluation of the inlay process for the mitigation of PWSCC since it may be the technique of choice for the large-diameter reactor coolant nozzles. Currently the ASME Section XI code is developing Code Case N-766 ‘Nickel Alloy Reactor Coolant Inlay and Cladding for Repair or Mitigation of PWR Full Penetration Circumferential Nickel Alloy Welds in Class 1 Items.’ This code case is documenting the procedures for applying inlay welds. The residual stresses caused by the inlay process were used to model the natural crack growth through the inlay in this paper. The inlay residual stresses and modeling methods are presented in a companion paper. Since the PWSCC crack growth rate is much slower in the inlay material (Alloy 52) compared with the Alloy 82/182 weld metal, the crack growth shape retains a ‘bubble’ appearance. This shape is a challenge to model within the framework of advanced finite element based natural crack growth methods. This paper focuses on the crack growth modeling challenges, the actual growth shapes for different weld repair and inlays processes, and finally compares crack growth rates to those made using a simple crack growth shape.
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Bal, Oğuz. "Theoretical Perspective on the Concept of Sustainable Economic Growth." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01839.

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Economic growth, real GDP is a concept that is related to the growth rate of the country. The history of this concept dates back to the mercantilist era. Mercantilist period the active actor is the state, while state intervention in fizyokrat, in contrast to the natural order, rationalism, and "laissez-fairy, laissez passer" was highlighted. The main idea in the classics of liberalism. Opinions that are based on the pressure of its population. Neoklasik the successor of the classics, according to the exogenous growth of labor supply and the concept of “labor growth and technological process” is one of the main determinants of the growth rate along the balanced. Classical and neoclassical growth models, the supply factor describes. Supply-side and demand is internal to the economic system is limited by assumptions. Keynesian and post-Keynesian growth models demand-oriented is referred to as. Vascular growth is tied to investment. The production capacity of the economy and new investments to increase production. Harrod, actual, guaranteed, and has made the difference between the natural growth rate. Harrod-Domar; are bound by the terms of the balance of the sustainability of growth. Stabilizing role of the state have been given. These models had been undertaken by N. Kaldor, Thirlwall was developed by. This article is intended that the components of the theoretical framework of the challenges of sustainable growth and developments is to examine and discuss. The method applied the inductive method.
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Fang, Haisheng, Lili Zheng, and Hui Zhang. "Control of Flow Pattern and Solidification Interface Shape in an Induction Heated Czochralski Crystal Growth System." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32288.

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Optical crystals grown by Czochralski technique from a solute-rich melt usually suffer defects of melt inclusion or bubble core defects, which severely affect the optical, thermal and mechanical properties of the material. It is well known that the formation of melt inclusion or bubble core is highly related to species distribution in the growth system especially at the solidification interface and the shape of the growth interface. This paper has examined the flow pattern and solidification interface changes by changing the forced convection, e.g., crystal rotation and by changing the natural convection, e.g., inserting a horizontal disk plate. The relative effect of fluid-flow convection modes in the melt associated with crystal rotation rate is represented by a dimensionless parameter, Gr/Re2. Increasing the rotation rate will cause the solid-liquid interface change from the convex shape to concave. When the crystal rotation rate is relatively low and natural convection is strong, Gr/Re2 is large. In this case, the concentration of species pertinent to melt inclusion moves down along the axis of rotation. When the crystal rotation rate is increased, the value of Gr/Re2 decreases. The precipitated composition spreads over the growing interface may then be swiped away from the growth interface by increased crystal rotation. Melt inclusion-free crystals can thus be obtained. The relationship between Gr/Re2 and growth interface shape change is achieved by numerical simulations. The stagnant point location as a function of crystal rotation is also presented, which shows that the stagnant point moves outward by increasing Reynolds number and/or reducing Grashof number. From such understanding, the interface shape and melt inclusion position can then be controlled through control of Gr/Re2 in the growth system. Many times, it is, however, not practical in the experiments to use a high rotation rate for optical crystal growth since high rotation rate will introduce the striation defects. A new design to reduce natural convection is then proposed to improve the effect of crystal rotation and to control the solidification interface shape. Numerical simulations have been performed to demonstrate the possibility of the new design. Results show that such design is very effective and practical to control the melt inclusion and the solidification interface shape.
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Choi, Yoo, Deok-Geun Kim, Jeong-Yeol Park, Kyoung-Seok Lee, Jae-Myung Lee, and Myung-Hyun Kim. "An Experimental Investigation About Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Aluminum Alloy Considering Various Mean Stress." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42275.

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In general, aluminum alloy is a commonly used for liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage systems. In this regard, it is important to know exact mechanical properties at cryogenic temperature. There are many researches to assess mechanical properties of aluminum alloy, such as tensile strength, fatigue performance and fracture toughness. Fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) is important to predict the service life. In particular, mean stress effect can significantly affect the fatigue life. In this regard, this study carried out by a series of FCGR test at five different stress ratios (R=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.85). The major objective of this paper is to suggest a new model that can consider the mean stress effect on FCGR of aluminum alloy in a unified manner. A mean stress equation is incorporated into Paris’ law. In order to validate the model, FCGR test data of aluminum alloy is compared with Walker’s relationship. Compared to the other existing model, the new model is found to exhibit more accurate result compared to Walker model.
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Vasechkina, Elena, Elena Vasechkina, Irina Kazankova, and Irina Kazankova. "AGGREGATION IMPACT ON THE FILTRATION AND GROWTH RATES OF MUSSELS MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS LAM." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43155d6717.

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This study presents the results of field and laboratory-based experiments performed to determine the mussel density effect on an individual mollusk’s growth and clearance rates. We measured the weight and length growth rates of single and aggregated mussels exposed into the sea for three monthly periods in summer and autumn 2015. The sample group contained 140 mollusks from natural populations within the length range of 15-20 mm. The average growth rate of aggregated mussels was almost the same as the growth rate of single ones. Clearance rate of single and aggregated mussels was measured in the laboratory using indirect method. There were selected 5 groups of mussels within the length ranges: 12-16 mm, 17-18 mm, 18-25 mm, 22-23 mm, and 35-38 mm. The clearance rate was measured for each mussel from the group and then for the whole group aggregated in a clump. Water temperature and seston concentration were the same for single and clumped mollusks. The volume of water in chambers was proportional to the weight of mussels put in water. The ratio of aggregated and single mussels’ clearance rates varied from 0.48 to 0.85 at the same density of aggregation and without regard to the animal size. Significant individual variability was recorded in all field and laboratory-based experiments.
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Vasechkina, Elena, Elena Vasechkina, Irina Kazankova, and Irina Kazankova. "AGGREGATION IMPACT ON THE FILTRATION AND GROWTH RATES OF MUSSELS MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS LAM." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b938f5eee20.86116315.

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This study presents the results of field and laboratory-based experiments performed to determine the mussel density effect on an individual mollusk’s growth and clearance rates. We measured the weight and length growth rates of single and aggregated mussels exposed into the sea for three monthly periods in summer and autumn 2015. The sample group contained 140 mollusks from natural populations within the length range of 15-20 mm. The average growth rate of aggregated mussels was almost the same as the growth rate of single ones. Clearance rate of single and aggregated mussels was measured in the laboratory using indirect method. There were selected 5 groups of mussels within the length ranges: 12-16 mm, 17-18 mm, 18-25 mm, 22-23 mm, and 35-38 mm. The clearance rate was measured for each mussel from the group and then for the whole group aggregated in a clump. Water temperature and seston concentration were the same for single and clumped mollusks. The volume of water in chambers was proportional to the weight of mussels put in water. The ratio of aggregated and single mussels’ clearance rates varied from 0.48 to 0.85 at the same density of aggregation and without regard to the animal size. Significant individual variability was recorded in all field and laboratory-based experiments.
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9

Shim, Do-Jun, David Rudland, and David Harris. "Modeling of Subcritical Crack Growth due to Stress Corrosion Cracking: Transition From Surface Crack to Through-Wall Crack." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57267.

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Recent work conducted using the Advanced Finite Element Analysis (AFEA) method to simulate the ‘natural’ crack growth of a circumferential PWSCC demonstrated that a subcritical surface crack can transition to a through-wall crack with significant differences between the inner diameter and outer diameter crack lengths. In the current version of the xLPR (Extremely Low Probability of Rupture) code, once the surface crack penetrates the wall thickness, an idealized through-wall crack (which has an equivalent area as the final surface crack) is formed. This type of crack transition was selected since no general stress intensity factor (K) solutions were available for crack shapes that would form during the transitioning stages, i.e., non-idealized or slanted through-wall cracks. However, during the pilot study of the xLPR code, it has been identified that this crack transition method may provide non-conservative results in terms of leak-rate calculations. In this paper, in order to compare the ‘natural’ versus ‘idealized’ crack transition behavior, limited example cases were considered where both crack transitions were simulated using 3D finite element analyses. In addition, leak-rate calculations were performed to study how the two different crack transition methods can affect the leak-rates. The results of the present study demonstrate that the ‘idealized’ transition from surface to through-wall crack can significantly affect the leak-rate calculations.
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Conway, Michael J. P., and James D. Hogan. "Shear band characteristics in high strain rate naval applications." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-051.

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Abstract This paper explores the dynamic behavior of HSLA 65 naval steels, specifically focusing on the initiation and growth of shear bands in quasi-static and dynamic compression experiments and how these bands affect stress-strain responses. The results indicate that the yield strength for this HSLA 65 increases from 541 ± 8 MPa for quasi-static (10-3 s-1) to 1081 ± 48 MPa for dynamic rates 1853 ± 31 s-1, and the hardening exponent increases from 0.376 ± 0.028 for quasi-static to 0.396 ± 0.006 for dynamic rates. Yield behavior was found to be associated with the onset of shear banding for both strain-rates, confirmed through visualization of the specimen surface using high-speed and ultra-high-speed cameras. For the quasi-static case, shear banding and yielding was observed to occur at 2.5% strain, and were observed to grow at speeds of upwards of 38 mm/s. For the dynamic experiments, the shear banding begins at approximately 1.18 ± 0.06% strain and these can grow upwards of 2122 ± 213 m/s during post-yield softening. Altogether, these measurements are some of the first of their kind in the open literature, and provide guidance on the critical time and length scales in shear banding. This information can be used in the future to design more failure-resistant steels, which has broader applications in construction, defense, and natural resource industries.
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Reports on the topic "Natural growth rate"

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Meneses, Juan Francisco, and José Luis Saboin. Growth Recoveries (from Collapses). Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003419.

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This paper analyzes the behavior of a long list of economic variables during episodes of recovery from an economic collapse. A set of stylized facts is proposed so as to depict what in this work is called \saygrowth recoveries. Through different estimation techniques, it is inferred under which conditions and policies the likelihood of experiencing a growth recovery increases. The results of the paper indicate that collapses tend to occur in countries with high dependence on natural resource rents, macroeconomic mismanagement, low levels of democratic accountability and rule of law and high levels of conflict. Recoveries, on the other hand, tend to be longer than collapses and are more likely to occur in contexts of: improved external conditions, less natural resource rents, balanced fiscal accounts, where the exchange rate corrects but within a more fixed exchange rate regime and a more restricted financial account, and where there are: rebounds in private consumption, increases in international trade and improvements on property rights.
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Angulo Rodríguez, Emilio, and Ariel Yépez-García. The Role of Natural Gas in Energy Transition. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002868.

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As of 2004 and continuously to this day, the annual growth rate of renewable sources has been greater than that of all fossil fuels combined. In the midst of this transition to cleaner energy, natural gas is the only fossil fuel that has increased its share in the global energy matrix. Technological changes in the LNG supply chain, as well as transformations in the global natural gas market, largely explain this growth. This publication provides evidence on the fundamental role that natural gas plays in the energy transition, given that: (i) its greenhouse gas emissions are substantially lower than those of oil and coal; (ii) it provides the firm power necessary to complement intermittent renewable energies; (iii) it is particularly safe compared to other fossil fuels. In line with these attributes, the International Energy Agency projects that the share of natural gas in the global energy matrix by 2040 will remain stable (around 24%), even in its Sustainable Development Scenario, which would allow to meet the goals established in the Paris Agreement.
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Ahumada, Hildegart, Eduardo A. Cavallo, Santos Espina-Mairal, and Fernando Navajas. Sectoral Productivity Growth, COVID-19 Shocks, and Infrastructure. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003411.

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This paper examines sectoral productivity shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic, their aggregate impact, and the possible compensatory effects of improving productivity in infrastructure-related sectors. We employ the KLEMS annual dataset for a group of OECD and Latin America and the Caribbean countries, complemented with high-frequency data for 2020. First, we estimate a panel vector autoregression of growth rates in sector level labor productivity to specify the nature and size of sectoral shocks using the historical data. We then run impulse-response simulations of one standard deviation shocks in the sectors that were most affected by COVID 19. We estimate that the pandemic cut economy-wide labor productivity by 4.9 percent in Latin America, and by 3.5 percent for the entire sample. Finally, by modeling the long-run relationship between productivity shocks in the sectors most affected by COVID 19, we find that large productivity improvements in infrastructure--equivalent to at least three times the historical rates of productivity gains--may be needed to fully compensate for the negative productivity losses traceable to COVID 19.
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Lee, Won J., B. T. Zhu, and Laura H. Mills. Effects of Naturally-Occurring Estrogen-Fatty Acid Esters on Mammary Cell Growth and Carcinogenesis in Female Rats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443677.

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Saillant, Eric, Jason Lemus, and James Franks. Culture of Lobotes surinamensis (Tripletail). Mississippi Department of Marine Resources, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/ose.001.

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The Tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis, is a pelagic fish found in tropical and sub-tropical waters of all oceans. Tripletails are often associated with floating debris and make frequent incursions in bays and estuaries where they are targeted by recreational fishermen. In Mississippi waters the species is typically present during the late spring and summer season that also correspond to the period of sexual maturation and spawning (Brown-Peterson and Franks 2001). Tripletail is appreciated as a gamefish but is also prized for its flesh of superior quality. The fast growth rate of juveniles in captivity documented by Franks et al. (2001) and the excellent quality of Tripletail flesh both contribute to the potential of this species for marine aquaculture. In addition, the production of cultured juveniles would be precious to develop a better understanding of the biology, early life history and habitat use of Tripletail larvae and juveniles, a topic largely undocumented to date, through experimental releases and controlled studies. The culture of tripletail thus supports the Tidelands Trust Fund Program through improved conservation of natural resources, potential enhancement of fisheries productivity and potential development of a new economic activity on the Gulf coast producing tripletail via aquaculture. The Objective of this project was to initiate development of methods and techniques needed to spawn captive held tripletail broodfish and raise their offspring to evaluate their growth and development in captivity. In this report we will present the results of studies aiming to develop methods and protocols for captive spawning of tripletail and the first data obtained on the early development of tripletail larvae. A major issue that was encountered with tripletail broodstock development during the project lied in the difficulties associated with identifying the sex of adults caught in the wild and candidates for being incorporated in mating sets for spawning. This issue was addressed during the course of the project by examining the potential of a non-lethal method of hormonal sexing. The results of these preliminary investigations are presented in the third part of this report. All protocols used in the project were determined with the guidance of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the University of Southern Mississippi (USM IACUC protocol number 10100108).
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