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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural heat sources'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Pieper, Henrik, Kertu Lepiksaar, and Anna Volkova. "GIS-based approach to identifying potential heat sources for heat pumps and chillers providing district heating and cooling." International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management 34 (May 25, 2022): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ijsepm.7021.

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Geographic information system (GIS) software has been essential for visualising and determining heating and cooling requirements, sources of industrial excess heat, natural bodies of water, and municipalities. Policymakers highly encourage the use of GIS software at all administrative levels. It is expected that the heating and cooling demand will continue to increase. For a reliable heat and cooling supply, we must identify heat sources that can be used to provide heat or for removing surplus heat. We propose a method for identifying possible heat sources for large heat pumps and chillers tha

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2

Park, Hae-Kyun, and Bum-Jin Chung. "Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Hemispherical Pool with Volumetric Heat Sources." Journal of Energy Engineering 24, no. 3 (2015): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2015.24.3.135.

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3

Oztop, Hakan F., Eiyad Abu-Nada, Yasin Varol, and Ali Chamkha. "Natural convection in wavy enclosures with volumetric heat sources." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 50, no. 4 (2011): 502–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2010.10.015.

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4

Aubinet, M., and J. Deltour. "Natural convection above line heat sources in greenhouse canopies." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 37, no. 12 (1994): 1795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(94)90068-x.

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5

Bazylak, A., N. Djilali, and D. Sinton. "Natural Convection in an Enclosure with Distributed Heat Sources." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 49, no. 7 (2006): 655–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407780500343798.

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6

Englart, Sebastian, Andrzej Jedlikowski, Wojciech Cepiński, and Marek Badura. "Renewable energy sources for gas preheating." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600019.

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To ensure proper gas supply parameters, to the polish natural gas distribution network, which includes about 900 pressure reduction stations (PRS), requires high energy consumption for gas heating, that amounts to approx. 700 TJ/year. This value can be significantly reduced by using renewable energy sources (e.g. ground heat exchangers, heat pumps) in polish gas preheating PRS. This paper presents the analysis of some applications for gas preheating by using gas absorption heat pump and combination of heat pump and ground heat exchanger. The results confirm a noticeable heat energy savings at

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7

Mustafa, Ahmad W., and Mustafa Z. Abood. "Natural Convection from Discrete Heat Sources Placed in Wavy Enclosure." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 23, no. 4 (2016): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.23.4.05.

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The effect of sinusoidal corrugated upper surface for enclosure on the heat transfer by natural convection from two heat sources placed on the bottom surface of the enclosure has been studied. The two heat sources constant and high temperature, length of each heat source (10%) from the total length of bottom surface, the distances that do not contain heat source on the bottom surface thermally insulated, temperature of verticals walls and upper surface low and constant. corrugating upper surface was change the dimensional corrugation amplitude between (0.1-0.3), for number of corrugations (3),

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8

Anatychuk, L. I., A. V. Prybyla, M. M. Korop, Yu I. Kiziuk, and I. A. Konstantynovych. "Thermoelectric power sources using low-grade heat." Journal of Thermoelectricity, no. 1-2 (June 25, 2024): 90–96. https://doi.org/10.63527/1607-8829-2024-1-2-90-96.

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This work is the first part of a series of studies on thermoelectric power sources using low-grade heat. The results of computer design of a thermoelectric generator with heat exchange by natural convection using waste heat from industrial installations are presented. The generator design was developed and a series of its experimental studies were carried out on a test bench.

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9

Habib, M. A., S. A. M. Said, and T. Ayinde. "Characteristics of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in an Array of Discrete Heat Sources." Experimental Heat Transfer 27, no. 1 (2013): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916152.2012.731473.

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10

Heindel, T. J., F. P. Incropera, and S. Ramadhyani. "Enhancement of natural convection heat transfer from an array of discrete heat sources." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 39, no. 3 (1996): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(95)00153-z.

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11

Sankar, M., Younghae Do, Soorok Ryu, and Bongsoo Jang. "Cooling of Heat Sources by Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Vertical Annulus." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 68, no. 8 (2015): 847–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2015.1023097.

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12

Can, Ahmet, and Ertan Buyruk. "AN OVERVIEW OF GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS." Journal of the Technical University of Gabrovo 67 (November 20, 2023): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.62853/jemy6895.

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As a natural consequence of the increase in the world population, energy needs are also increasing dramatically. At the present time natural gas and coal are generally used as energy sources. According to researchers, oil, natural gas and coal reserves will be run out in the near future. Therefore, new and renewable energy is needed to meet the energy needs for our countries. A lot of researchers have been carrying out about field of alternative energy sources. These studies generally; such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, wave energy and biomass energy. In addition to these en

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13

Kuber, B. Ramya, D. Sravya, and I. Theja. "INNOVATIVE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR EXTRACTION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM NATURAL SOURCES." International Journal on Biological Sciences 13, no. 02 (2022): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v13i2.4.

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Due to their established health benefits, phytochemicals such as phenolics, carotenoids, sterols, and alkaloids are becoming more and more popular. However, some of these phytochemicals may not be amenable to typical extraction techniques. Examples of innovative methods include supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave extraction (MWE), pulsed electric field (PEF), highpressure processing (HPP), and ultrasonic extraction (UE), and ohmic heating (OH). Supercritical fluid extraction is one of the methods that is most often researched and has already found commercial use for number of produ

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14

Sheremet, Mikhail A., and Geniy V. Kuznetsov. "CONJUGATE NATURAL CONVECTION IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH LOCAL HEAT SOURCES." Computational Thermal Sciences 1, no. 3 (2009): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/computthermalscien.v1.i3.60.

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15

Heindel, T. J., S. Ramadhyani, and F. P. Incropera. "CONJUGATE NATURAL CONVECTION FROM AN ARRAY OF PROTRUDING HEAT SOURCES." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 29, no. 1 (1996): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407789608913775.

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16

Deng, Qi-Hong, Guang-Fa Tang, Yuguo Li, and Man Yeong Ha. "Interaction between discrete heat sources in horizontal natural convection enclosures." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45, no. 26 (2002): 5117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(02)00221-1.

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17

Sankar, M., Junpyo Park, and Younghae Do. "Natural Convection in a Vertical Annuli with Discrete Heat Sources." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 59, no. 8 (2011): 594–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2011.561110.

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18

Zabrecky, James R., and Wayne Sawlivich. "Purification of the heat shock protein, gp96, from natural sources." Methods 32, no. 1 (2004): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1046-2023(03)00179-8.

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19

Beliuzhenko, Mykola, and Mykhailo Senchuk. "Reservation of the heat supply system with biofuel heat energy sources." Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 48 (July 25, 2024): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2024.48.6-20.

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The implementation of the reservation of the heat supply system to a populated area was analyzed. It is noted that increasing the reliability of heat supply to consumers is a fundamental task, especially given the current military situation in Ukraine. The solution to this difficulty is considered when reserving heat supply by constructing a backup source of thermal energy using alternative types of fuel. A combined thermal scheme for connecting a hot water heat generator using biofuel to the existing city heat supply system is proposed to increase its reliability and survivability, which ensu

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20

Lee, S., and M. M. Yovanovich. "Conjugate Heat Transfer From a Vertical Plate With Discrete Heat Sources Under Natural Convection." Journal of Electronic Packaging 111, no. 4 (1989): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226545.

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A quasi-analytical conjugate heat transfer model is developed for a two dimensional vertical flat plate with discrete heat sources of arbitrary size and power level under natural convection. The plate is located in an extensive, quiescent fluid which is maintained at uniform temperature. The model consists of an approximate analytical boundary layer solution and a one dimensional numerical conduction analysis in which an allowance is made to account for radiation heat transfer. These fluid and solid solutions are coupled through an iterative procedure. A conjugate problem is solved when a conv

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21

Jaluria, Y. "Interaction of Natural Convection Wakes Arising From Thermal Sources on a Vertical Surface." Journal of Heat Transfer 107, no. 4 (1985): 883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3247517.

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A numerical study of the interacting natural convection flows generated by isolated thermal energy sources, such as electronic components, located on a vertical adiabatic surface is carried out. Of particular interest were the effects of the wake on the heat transfer from and the flow over a downstream heat source and the nature of the wall plume far from the sources. This consideration is related to the positioning of finite-sized electronic components and the relevant heat removal process. A two-dimensional flow is considered, without making the boundary-layer assumptions. The full elliptic

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22

Liu, Qi, Xingrong Xu, Peng Liang, et al. "Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection in an Open-Ended Square Channel with Two Suspending Heat Sources." Processes 10, no. 9 (2022): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10091774.

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Passive heat dissipation cooling technologies based on natural convection in open channels can effectively control the maximum temperature and improve the temperature homogeneity of 5G base stations, data centers and other equipment. In this paper, the flow and heat transfer of natural convection in an open-ended square channel with two suspending heat sources are studied through numerical simulation. The distributions of the temperature field and flow field in the channel with different horizontal distances and vertical altitude differenced of the heat sources are acquired via the finite elem

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23

Gao, Xiaopan, Changqing Yang, Lu Chen, Na Lu, Angui Li, and Feiyu Meng. "Review on buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in an enclosure with various types of heat sources." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 03062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235603062.

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This paper reviews indoor heat convection and buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in enclosed space with heat sources in different forms such as point, line, plane, volume or combination of them. The indoor thermal flow is driven by these heat sources and accumulated in the enclosure. Thermal plume evolves based on its dynamic law above heat sources and is conversely affected by the thermal environment and geometric structure. Therefore, the dynamic of thermal-driven flows and the restriction by the thermal environment and geometric framework are both of interest in the field of indoor heat co

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24

Behnia, M., A. A. Dehghan, H. Mishima, and W. Nakayama. "Natural Convection Cooling of Multiple Heat Sources in Parallel Open-Top Cavities Filled With a Fluorinert Liquid." Journal of Electronic Packaging 120, no. 1 (1998): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792289.

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Natural convection immersion cooling of discrete heat sources in a series of parallel interacting open-top cavities filled with a fluorinert liquid (FC–72) has been numerically studied. A series of open-top slots which are confined by conductive vertical walls with two heat sources on one side are considered. One of the slots is modeled and simulated. The effect of the separation between the heat sources on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the wall and the effect of strength of the lower heat source (which location is upstream of the other one) on the flow and heat transfer of the

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25

Vasiliev, L., O. Filatova, and A. Tsitovich. "Application of sorption heat pumps for increasing of new power sources efficiency." Archives of Thermodynamics 31, no. 2 (2010): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0007-8.

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Application of sorption heat pumps for increasing of new power sources efficiencyIn the 21st century the way to increase the efficiency of new sources of energy is directly related with extended exploration of renewable energy. This modern tendency ensures the fuel economy needs to be realized with nature protection. The increasing of new power sources efficiency (cogeneration, trigeneration systems, fuel cells, photovoltaic systems) can be performed by application of solid sorption heat pumps, regrigerators, heat and cold accumulators, heat transformers, natural gas and hydrogen storage syste

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26

Quang, Vu Duy, and Dang Huu Chung. "Influence of heat sources to finite channel conjugate natural convection of a power fluid." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 17, no. 4 (1995): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/10145.

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The paper extended the studies of Thomas F. Irvine et al. [1] and V. D. Quang and D. H. Chung [2] by considering the influence of heat transfer into the wall of vertical channel with natural convection motion of a power law fluid as well as the -influence of heat sources. The results obtained in s9me test cases showed that the influence of wall will be clear and impossible to neglect when thermal conductivity of wall is small enough, so the effect of heat source distributed in the fluid is more considerable than in the wall and the heat source from 50kW / m3 will make an effect more considerab

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27

Ravi, Babu.S, Rao.G Sambasiva, and Babu.P Ramesh. "Computational Analysis of Natural Convection Heat Transfer on a Vertical Plate With Discrete Heat Sources." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 3736–42. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C6337.029320.

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In the present study, buoyancy driven free convection flow along the vertical plate with discrete heat sources is analyzed. To illustrate free convection heat transfer along a vertical plate with finite discrete heat sources a 2-D steady-state model is considered. The thermos-physical properties of fluid are assumed constant except for the buoyancy terms, which are computed using the Boussinesq approximation of Navier-stokes equation. The two-dimensional Navier-stokes equations are solved using SIMPLER algorithm. The dimensionless equations are descretised and solved by using central differenc

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28

Hsu, Tsan-Hui, Pao-Tung Hsu, and So-Yenn Tsai. "Natural convection of micropolar fluids in an enclosure with heat sources." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 40, no. 17 (1997): 4239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(97)00072-0.

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29

Bolster, Diogo, Alex Maillard, and Paul Linden. "The response of natural displacement ventilation to time-varying heat sources." Energy and Buildings 40, no. 12 (2008): 2099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.06.001.

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30

Zhao, Fu-Yun, Guang-Fa Tang, and Di Liu. "Conjugate natural convection in enclosures with external and internal heat sources." International Journal of Engineering Science 44, no. 3-4 (2006): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2005.10.006.

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31

Joshi, Yogendra, Stephen Larsen, and ErhanM Akdeniz. "Effects of power pulsations on natural convection from discrete heat sources." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 7, no. 2 (1993): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(93)90174-h.

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32

da Silva, A. K., G. Lorenzini, and A. Bejan. "Distribution of heat sources in vertical open channels with natural convection." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48, no. 8 (2005): 1462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.10.019.

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33

Derii, Volodymyr, Irina Sokolovska, and Oleksandr Teslenko. "Estimation of the potential of low grade heat sources for heat pump plants in district heating systems." System Research in Energy 2022, no. 1 (2022): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2022.01.004.

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Methodology and calculation formulas are proposed for estimating the thermal potential and its distribution by the regions of Ukraine for natural and artificial (anthropogenic) low-grade heat sources: ambient air, ventilation emissions of buildings connected to district heating systems, soils and groundwater, large rivers, wastewater, waste heat of boilers and CHPs, and industrial waste heat. The availability of thermal potential of these sources for heat pump plants of district heating systems has been determined. Annual heat potential and average annual capacity were estimated for each of th

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34

Lee, Seung Dong, Jong Kuk Lee, and Kune Y. Suh. "Boundary Condition Dependent Natural Convection in a Rectangular Pool With Internal Heat Sources." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 5 (2006): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2424238.

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This paper presents results of steady-state experiments concerned with natural convection heat transfer of air in a rectangular pool in terms of the Nusselt number (Nu) versus the modified Rayleigh number (Ra′) varying from 109 to 1012. Cartridge heaters were immersed in the working fluid to simulate uniform volumetric heat generation. Two types of boundary conditions were adopted in the test: (I) top cooled, and (II) top and bottom cooled. The other sides were kept insulated. In the case of boundary condition II, the upward heat transfer ratio, Nuup∕(Nuup+Nudn), turned out to be 0.7–0.8 in th

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35

Klein, Samuel, Henrique Fernandes, and Hans-Georg Herrmann. "Estimating Thermal Material Properties Using Solar Loading Lock-in Thermography." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073097.

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This work investigates the application of lock-in thermography approach for solar loading thermography applications. In conventional lock-in thermography, a specimen is subjected to a periodically changing heat flux. This heat flux usually enters the specimen in one of three ways: by a point source, a line source or an extended source (area source). Calculations based on area sources are particularly well suited to adapt to solar loading thermography, because most natural heat sources and heat sinks can be approximated to be homogenously extended over a certain region of interest. This is of p

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36

Jin, L. F., C. P. Tso, and K. W. Tou. "Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Rotating Enclosure with Three Rows of Discrete Heat Sources." Heat Transfer Research 37, no. 5 (2006): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.v37.i5.30.

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37

Nejad, S. Z., and M. M. Keshtkar. "Entropy Generation Analysis of Natural Convection in Square Enclosures with Two Isoflux Heat Sources." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 2 (2017): 1486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.809.

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This study investigates entropy generation resulting from natural convective heat transfer in square enclosures with local heating of the bottom and symmetrical cooling of the sidewalls. This analysis tends to optimize heat transfer of two pieces of semiconductor in a square electronic package. In this simulation, heaters are modeled as isoflux heat sources and sidewalls of the enclosure are isothermal heat sinks. The top wall and the non-heated portions of the bottom wall are adiabatic. Flow and temperature fields are obtained by numerical simulation of conservation equations of mass, momentu

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Nejad, S. Z., and M. M. Keshtkar. "Entropy Generation Analysis of Natural Convection in Square Enclosures with Two Isoflux Heat Sources." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 2 (2017): 1486–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.571283.

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This study investigates entropy generation resulting from natural convective heat transfer in square enclosures with local heating of the bottom and symmetrical cooling of the sidewalls. This analysis tends to optimize heat transfer of two pieces of semiconductor in a square electronic package. In this simulation, heaters are modeled as isoflux heat sources and sidewalls of the enclosure are isothermal heat sinks. The top wall and the non-heated portions of the bottom wall are adiabatic. Flow and temperature fields are obtained by numerical simulation of conservation equations of mass, momentu

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39

Esanaliyeva, Nilufar Rahmonjon qizi. "HOT WATER STORAGE HEAT PROTECTOR." Eurasian Journal of Academic Research 1, no. 1 (2021): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693169.

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<em>This article provides a brief overview of the use of renewable energy sources and discusses ways to achieve energy efficiency by obtaining natural, harmless, environmentally friendly hot water from the sun.</em>

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40

Mansour, M. A., M. A. Bakeir, and A. Chamkha. "Natural convection inside a C-shaped nanofluid-filled enclosure with localized heat sources." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 24, no. 8 (2014): 1954–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-06-2013-0198.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate natural convection fluid flow and heat transfer inside C-shaped enclosures filled with Cu-Water nanofluid numerically using the finite difference method. Design/methodology/approach – In this investigation, the finite difference method is employed to solve the governing equations with the boundary conditions. Central difference quotients were used to approximate the second derivatives in both the X and Y directions. Then, the obtained discretized equations are solved using a Gauss-Seidel iteration technique. Findings – It was found from the

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Ben-Mansour, Rached, and Mohammed A. Habib. "Use of Nanofluids for Enhanced Natural Cooling of Discretely Heated Enclosures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 302 (February 2013): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.302.422.

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Natural convection heat transfer from discrete heat sources to nanofluids is of great importance because of its application in the cooling of electronic components. The presence of the nanoparticles in the fluids increases appreciably the effective thermal conductivity of the fluid and consequently enhances the heat transfer characteristics. The present study is aimed to investigate numerically the natural convection heat transfer from discrete heat sources to nanofluids. The behavior of nanofluids was investigated numerically inside a heated cavity to gain insight into convective recirculatio

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42

Weinstein, Randy D., Amy S. Fleischer, and Kimberly A. Krug. "Natural Convection and Passive Heat Rejection from Two Heat Sources Maintained at Different Temperatures on a Printed Circuit Board." Journal of Electronic Packaging 126, no. 1 (2004): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1635393.

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Natural convection and passive heat rejection from two independent heat sources maintained at different temperatures (60°C and 100°C above ambient) on single circuit boards (FR4 and copper clad FR4) are experimentally studied. The effect of heat source location on maximum power dissipation is presented for both horizontal and vertical orientations. Heat losses due to radiation, natural convection and board conduction are quantified. As long as the heat sources are more than 2 cm apart, they do not influence each other on the FR4 board. Vertical orientation increases the power dissipation in th

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43

Saeid, Nawaf H. "Natural Convection From Two Thermal Sources in a Vertical Porous Layer." Journal of Heat Transfer 128, no. 1 (2005): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2136367.

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Numerical study of natural convection flow induced by two isothermally heated elements located on adiabatic vertical plate immersed in a Darcian porous medium is carried out in the present article. The natural convection is affected by the Rayleigh number, the separation distance between the elements, their temperature ratio, and the length of the upper element. The numerical results are presented as average Nusselt number versus Rayleigh number for wide ranges of the governing parameters. It is found that the heat transfer from the lower element is not affected by the presence of the upper el

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44

Li, Peisheng, Xiaolong Lian, Yue Chen, Ying Zhang, Wandong Zhao, and Chunyang Ma. "Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann simulation of natural convection with multiple heat sources in a rectangular cavity." Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no. 4 (2020): 332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0055.

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Natural convection and heat transfer in a square cavity with multiple heat sources was investigated through a multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) collision model and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in the current work. The MRT-LBM model was verified by a former experiment and numerical findings with different Ra numbers from 103 to 105, which proved the MRT-LBM model is effective to handle the flow and transfer. The heat transfer that developed inside the cavity was analyzed under different width, height, and lateral offset of heat source in this paper. Moreover, the change of spacing between two sy

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45

Egorova, Elena Valer'evna, Janna Ibragimovna Nurmakova, and Tat'yana Sergeevna Silkina. "Technology for reducing heat loss during natural gas transportation at compressor stations." Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety 2023, no. 4 (2023): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-4-90-96.

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By 2050, the world's mineral reserves will account for 59-77% of the total number of energy sources. The share of renewable sources will grow to 20-30%, according to WEC research from 2013. Similar forecasts indicate that renewable energy sources are not enough to meet all the needs of humanity, and minerals will continue to play an important role. However, in order to meet the needs of the future, modern systems and technologies must be used much more efficiently. Gas is the purest of all natural resources, and the ongoing replacement of thermal systems from coal and oil to modern gas is an i

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Tewari, S. S., and Y. Jaluria. "Mixed Convection Heat Transfer From Thermal Sources Mounted on Horizontal and Vertical Surfaces." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 4 (1990): 975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910509.

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An experimental study is carried out on the fundamental aspects of the conjugate, mixed convective heat transfer from two finite width heat sources, which are of negligible thickness, have a uniform heat flux input at the surface, and are located on a flat plate in the horizontal or the vertical orientation. The heat sources are wide in the transverse direction and, therefore, a two-dimensional flow circumstance is simulated. The mixed convection parameter is varied over a fairly wide range to include the buoyancy-dominated and the mixed convection regimes. The circumstances of pure natural co

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Miček, Denis, and Jiří Hirš. "Energy, economic and environmental analysis of opened natural healing water source." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106017.

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European´s low carbon economy is the main target in the way of the reducing greenhouse gases at the Earth´s atmosphere. The most promising way is in maximal usage of renewable sources of energy such as geothermal energy, which was in the year 2010 only 1 GWh at the Slovak republic. The paper refers to the detailed analyzation of the opened natural healing water system in the historical spa town Piešťany as one of the most perspective sources of the renewable energy in the Slovak republic primary used for healing procedures. Analysis is based on experimental measurement and numerical simulation

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Refai Ahmed, G., and M. M. Yovanovich. "Influence of Discrete Heat Source Location on Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Vertical Square Enclosure." Journal of Electronic Packaging 113, no. 3 (1991): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905406.

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A numerical study is carried out to investigate the influence of discrete heat sources on natural convection heat transfer in a square enclosure filled with air. The enclosure has two vertical boundaries of height H; one of them is cooled at Tc and the other has discrete heat sources [isoflux (q = c) or isothermal (Th = c)]. The enclosure has two horizontal adiabatic boundaries of length L. Results are reported for 0 ≤ Ra ≤ 106, Pr = 0.72, A = 1, aspect ratio ε, the relative size of the heat source to the total height, lies in the range 0.25 ≤ ε ≤ 1 and the discrete heat sources are located at

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Pawlita, Monika. "Efficient central heating and modern heat sources." Medical Science Pulse 7, no. 4 (2013): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0003.3148.

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Background: The methods of heating houses with system components determine the energy-saving systems. Energy-saving solutions allow to maintain comfortable conditions in the house, while minimizing the cost associated with its operation and at the same time helping to protect natural environment. The examples of such solutions include condensing boilers, heat pumps and solar collectors.Material and methods: The object of the analysis in this paper is typical single-family house occupying the area of 150 m². The comparison of analyzed heating system for a single-family house, including modern e

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Eremin, N. N., K. A. Sitar, E. I. Baranovskaya, et al. "Geological background of Africa’s natural energy resources." Moscow University Bulletin Series 4 Geology, no. 6, 2024 (2024): 100–113. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9406-4-2024-63-6-100-113.

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The article provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of energy resources of African countries based on geological prerequisites in the structure of sedimentary basins of the region. On the basis of numerous sources, the categorization of countries by the amount of hydrocarbon production, as well as by the size of resource potential of countries, has been carried out. For the largest countries in terms of production and reserves, a comparison is given with the main oil and gas basins, within which the producing fields are located and the main hydrocarbon reserves have been explored. I

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