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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural history New Guinea'
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1
Philp, Jude. "Andrew Goldie in New Guinea 1875–1879: memoir of a natural history collector." Journal of Pacific History 48, no. 3 (September 2013): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2013.822191.
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MADDISON, WAYNE P. "New cocalodine jumping spiders from Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Salticidae: Cocalodinae)." Zootaxa 2021, no. 1 (February 27, 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2021.1.1.
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Six new species and three new genera of cocalodine jumping spiders are described. Restricted to New Guinea and nearby areas, the Cocalodinae are basal salticids, outside the major salticid clade Salticoida. The new genera are Yamangalea (type species Y. frewana, new species), Tabuina (type species T. varirata, new species) and Cucudeta (type species C. zabkai, new species). In addition to these type species, described are the new species Tabuina rufa, Tabuina baiteta, Cucudeta uzet, Cucudeta gahavisuka, and Allococalodes madidus. The first description of females of the genus Allococalodes is provided. Natural history observations and photographs of living specimens are provided for all five genera of cocalodines.
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Scheltema, A. H., and M. Jebb. "Natural history of a solenogaster mollusc from Papua New Guinea,Epimenia australis(Thiele) (Aplacophora: Neomeniomorpha)." Journal of Natural History 28, no. 6 (December 1994): 1297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770661.
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Lentfer, Carol, Christina Pavlides, and Jim Specht. "Natural and human impacts in a 35 000-year vegetation history in central New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Quaternary Science Reviews 29, no. 27-28 (December 2010): 3750–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.08.009.
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CUMMING, ROYCE T. "A second new species of Nanophyllium Redtenbacher, 1906 from the northern coast of New Guinea (Phasmida, Phylliidae)." Zootaxa 4238, no. 2 (March 2, 2017): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4238.2.3.
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A new species of leaf insect, Nanophyllium larssoni n. sp. is described and illustrated bringing the known species in the genus to a total of six. Like all species of Nanophyllium Redtenbacher, 1906, the new species is named from a single male specimen, which is deposited in the San Diego Natural History Museum. With this newly identified species, two clear species-groups emerge and are described, in detail, in the species key. Measurements of anatomical figures were made to the nearest 0.1 mm.
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Menzies, James Ian. "The musculoskeletal system and natural history of Barygenys maculata (Anura, Microhylidae) a burrowing frog of New Guinea." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 144, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 27–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2020.1747142.
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MATSUMOTO, KEITA. "Description of a new subspecies of Prosopocoilus antilopus (Swederus, 1787) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Annobón Island, Gulf of Guinea." Zootaxa 4559, no. 3 (February 20, 2019): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4559.3.10.
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Annobón is an extinct volcano about 17.5 km2 in area, and it is the furthest out and one of the smallest islands of the Gulf of Guinea, which also include Bioko, Príncipe, and São Tomé. A series of Prosopocoilus Westwood, 1845 collected from Annobón was found in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH), where it was misidentified as Prosopocoilus natalensis (Parry, 1864).
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Tan, Ming Kai, Josef Tumbrinck, Jessica B. Baroga-Barbecho, and Sheryl A. Yap. "A new species and morphometric analysis of Cladonotella (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)." Journal of Orthoptera Research 28, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.32464.
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The genus Cladonotella (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae) consists of four species of pygmy grasshoppers from Java and New Guinea. A new species of Cladonotella is described from Siargao Island, Philippines: Cladonotella spinulosasp. nov. This represents the first record of Cladonotella in the Philippines. To quantify differences between species of Cladonotella, we used morphological characters to construct a neighbor-joining tree, and recovered our new species as distinct from congeners. To address the lack of natural history information on Cladonotella, we described habitat and other ecological observations made in Siargao Island on our new species.
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Moravec, F., and D. Gibson. "The first record of Dracunculus mulbus (Nematoda: Dracunculidae) in the Papuan olive python Apodora papuana (Ophidia: Boidae)." Helminthologia 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-007-0017-5.
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AbstractA male specimen of Dracunculus (Nematoda: Dracunculidae), collected in 1973 from the lung of the Papuan olive python Apodora papuana (Peters et Doria) and now deposited in the helminthological collection of the Natural History Museum in London, is identified as Dracunculus mulbus Jones et Mulder, 2007, a species recently described from the water python Liasis fuscus Peters in northern Australia. Apodora papuana is a new host record for D. mulbus and Papua New Guinea is apparently a new geographical record.
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Vincent, John B., Benjamin L. Turner, Clant Alok, Vojtech Novotny, George D. Weiblen, and Timothy J. S. Whitfeld. "Tropical forest dynamics in unstable terrain: a case study from New Guinea." Journal of Tropical Ecology 34, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467418000123.
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Abstract:Long-term forest dynamics plots in the tropics tend to be situated on stable terrain. This study investigated forest dynamics on the north coast of New Guinea where active subduction zones are uplifting lowland basins and exposing relatively young sediments to rapid weathering. We examined forest dynamics in relation to disturbance history, topography and soil nutrients based on partial re-census of the 50-ha Wanang Forest Dynamics Plot in Papua New Guinea. The plot is relatively high in cations and phosphorus but low in nitrogen. Soil nutrients and topography accounted for 29% of variation in species composition but only 4% of variation in basal area. There were few areas of high biomass and most of the forest was comprised of small-diameter stems. Approximately 18% of the forest was less than 30 y old and the annual tree mortality rate of nearly 4% was higher than in other tropical forests in South-East Asia and the neotropics. These results support the reputation of New Guinea's forests as highly dynamic, with frequent natural disturbance. Empirical documentation of this hypothesis expands our understanding of tropical forest dynamics and suggests that geomorphology might be incorporated in models of global carbon storage especially in regions of unstable terrain.
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Tennent, W. J., and D. K. Mitchell. "A brief historical account of an endemic swallowtail butterfly first collected a century ago on Goodenough Island (D'Entrecasteaux group) in Papua New Guinea." Archives of Natural History 44, no. 1 (April 2017): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2017.0424.
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Graphium weiskei goodenovii Rothschild, 1915 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) has been known for over a century only from two male specimens: one in the Natural History Museum, London; the other in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH). Endemic to Goodenough Island, in the D'Entrecasteaux group, Papua New Guinea, it was first collected on the summit of ‘Oiamadawa'a (Mount Madawaa, Mount Madara'a) in 1912 by New Zealand anthropologist Diamond Jenness. The second specimen, which became the holotype, was collected in mountains in the south of the island by Albert Stewart Meek, one of Walter, Lord Rothschild's most prolific collector/explorers for his museum at Tring in Hertfordshire. In each case, capture of specimens was sufficiently notable to be recorded contemporaneously by the captors. These data, and maps and photographs made by the collectors suggest that the butterfly was widespread at moderate to high elevations on Goodenough Island. The authors climbed ‘Oiamadawa'a in 2015 and collected further specimens, now deposited in OUMNH.
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D. Majer, Jonathan. "The Origin and Evolution of Pacific Island Biotas, New Guinea to Eastern Polynesia: Patterns and Processes." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 4 (1997): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980408.
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A number of publications have considered the biogeography of various subsets of the Pacific Region, including the earlier works by J. L. Gressitt (Pacific Basin Biogeography) and by F. J. Radovsky and others (Biogeography of the Tropical Pacific). In addition to these, substantial edited volumes have been produced on the Biogeography and Ecology of New Guinea (by J. L. Gressitt), on Biogeography and Ecology in Australia (by A. Keast), on the relationship between these two regions in Bridge and Barrier: The Natural and Cultural History of the Torres Strait (by D. Walker) and on Hawaiian Biogeography: Evolution of a Hot Spot Archipelago (by W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk). A substantial list of papers, reviews and symposia also pertain to the biogeography of this region.
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Ha, Nguyen Thu. "Social Impact Analysis on Road Construction Project in Papua New Guinea: A case of Highlands Highway." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 4 (2022): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.74.31.
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Social Impact Analysis is one of the most essential parts of project implementation. Disagreements and change in time, design, and budget of project implementation at the time of construction in Papua New Guinea were mostly occur due to the influence from the past and delay of compensations in the project. This research was carried out in the Highlands Highway of Papua New Guinea to classify and to assess the impact of social and cultural factors on the implementation of road project. In this study local people were participated through in-depth interview. In addition, archival review from the road authority documentation was carried out to support the findings. The analysis result show that history of land acquisition, historical claim for un-purchased land, natural disasters, maintenances, road diversions, encroachment on the road corridor, and land disputes are the main factors influence to the project implementation. To mitigate the delay of project implementation, the sponsors should assist center Government as well as local Government to develop an action plan for dealing with the problems existed at sites.
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Yen, D. E. "The development of Sahul agriculture with Australia as bystander." Antiquity 69, no. 265 (1995): 831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00082375.
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The distribution of food-plants—both potential and actually exploited — reflects the natural history of contact across the seas and through the region, often long before Pleistocene times. The later and the human contribution has to be discerned from varied lines of evidence. The inventive process of early domestication leading to cultivation in the Sahulian north (New Guinea) was not a part of plant adaptation in the south (Australia). Neither did species diffusion result in adoption of agriculture or stimulation towards domestication among the Aboriginal hunter-gatherers.
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Cumberlidge, Neil. "Notes on the taxonomy of West African gecarcinucids of the genus Globonautes Bott, 1959 (Decapoda, Brachyura)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 2210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-335.
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Globonautes leonensis n.sp. is described from three specimens from Sierra Leone, in the unnamed collection of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Globonautes monodosus Bott, 1959 is revived and redescribed from the holotype from Guinea. The gonopods of the holotype of Globonautes macropus (Rathbun, 1898) from Liberia (the type species of the genus Globonautes Bott, 1959) prove to be different from accounts in the literature, and throw into question the identity of Bott's species. The genus Globonautes is redefined, and a new key to distinguish between the species of the genus is provided.
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Beron, Petar. "Type specimens of Acari (Arachnida) in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. I. Acariformes (Acaridida and Prostigmata)." Historia naturalis bulgarica 41, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48027/hnb.41.01001.
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The present list contains data on type material of 109 mite species (Acaridida and Prostigmata) from Bulgaria (species, described by I. Vassilev, M. Kolebinova, P. Beron) and many foreign countries: Greece, Suriname, the Netherlands, New Guinea, Cuba, Mexico, Chile, USA, Canada, Madagascar, Gaboon, Liberia, Nigeria, Uganda, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Morocco, Tunisia, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, China, and the Philippines (species, described by M. Kolebinova, P. Beron, F. Lukoschus, A. Fain, C. Welbourn, F. Dusbabek, K. Samsinak, K. R. Orwig, W. Atyeo and other authors). The type material housed in the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia includes species from the families Acaridae, Glycyphagidae, Canestriniidae, Proctophyllodidae, Trouessartiidae, Syringobiidae, Dermationidae, Ereynetidae, Cytoditidae, Myocoptidae, Chirodiscidae, Gastronyssidae, Myobiidae, Ophioptidae, Demodicidae, Smarididae, Erythraeidae, Neotrombidiidae, Eutrombidiidae, Trombiculidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae, Walchiidae, and Vatacaridae. All Bulgarian and foreign acarologists are kindly invited to submit type specimens under their care in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia. This material will be properly housed and well used.
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Cookson, Michael. "From the Archives: The Archbold Expeditions to New Guinea: A preliminary survey of archival materials held at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City." Journal of Pacific History 35, no. 3 (December 2000): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223340020010607.
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SHEA, GLENN, SCOTT THOMSON, and ARTHUR GEORGES. "The identity of Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841 (Testudines: Chelidae) reassessed." Zootaxa 4779, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.3.9.
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The identity of Chelodina oblonga has been unclear because it has been variously defined to include populations of snake-necked chelid turtle from the southwest of Western Australia, across northern Australia, Cape York and southern New Guinea in its broadest conception, from just the northern part of this range (northern Australia and New Guinea), or restricted to the southwest corner of Western Australia in its narrowest conception. Uncertainty over the identity of the type specimens has added to the confusion. In this paper, we review the historical data on the extent of the type series of Chelodina oblonga, and its potential provenance, and find evidence that resolves some of the inconsistencies in previous literature on the identification of the type. Our analysis casts doubt on the northern Australian provenance of the type material. Hence, we return the name C. oblonga to the south-western species, in accordance with the genetic evidence for the provenance of the type in the Natural History Museum, London, and the external morphology of the type series. We designate a lectotype for the species, and redefine the subgeneric names that apply to the Australasian genus Chelodina, providing a new subgeneric name for one lineage.
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Touzel, Grace, and Beulah Garner. "“The Person Herself is not Interesting”: Lucy Evelyn Cheesman's Life Dedicated to the Faunistic Exploration of the Southwest Pacific." Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 14, no. 4 (December 2018): 497–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155019061801400407.
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Lucy Evelyn Cheesman (1881-1969) was a key figure in 20th-century entomology. During both world wars, she used her fluency in German and her practical knowledge of remote New Guinea to assist allied governments; in between wars, she was the first female curator of the Insect House of the Royal Zoological Society. Her first research trip was to the Galápagos Islands (1923-1925) at age 42; her last was to Ane-ityum Island (Vanuatu) some 30 years later. She published scientific and popular literature until shortly before her death at the age of 88 and donated more than 70,000 specimens to the collections of the Natural History Museum. Many of these were new not only to the museum but also to science. In 1948, the museum's board of trustees made Evelyn an honorary associate, and her contribution to science was further recognized in 1955 with an Order of the British Empire. This article draws on the rich store of Cheesman's personal papers, held in the Library and Archives of the Natural History Museum, to place her work as an entomologist in a biographical framework. As a scientist, she was remarkable, and as a woman unwilling to accept age- or gender-based limitations, she is inspirational.
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Cohn, Helen M. "Bibliography of the History of Australian Science, No. 29, 2008." Historical Records of Australian Science 20, no. 1 (2009): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09008.
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This bibliography, in geographic terms, covers principally Australia, but also New Zealand, New Guinea and other islands of the Pacific Ocean near Australia, and Antarctica. It includes material on the history of the natural sciences (mathematics, physical sciences, earth sciences and biological sciences), some of the applied sciences (including medical and health sciences, agriculture, manufacturing and engineering), and human sciences (psychology, anthropology and sociology). Biographical material on practitioners in these sciences is also of interest. The sources used in compiling this bibliography include those that have proved useful in the past in finding relevant citations. The library catalogues of the Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, the National Library of Australia and the National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga O Aotearoa were particularly useful sources of information. Journals that have yielded articles for previous bibliographies were checked, as were some titles that have not previously been scanned. Hence a number of citations are included that were published earlier than 2008. Assistance has been received from a number of people who sent items or information about items published in 2008 for inclusion in the bibliography. In particular, Professor Rod Home has been most helpful in forwarding relevant citations. Staff of the eScholarship Research Centre at the University of Melbourne, especially Helen Morgan, were of great assistance in the preparation of this bibliography. Readers may have access to information about relevant books, journal articles, conference papers, reports, Master's and PhD theses and reviews published in 2009. They are encouraged to send such information to the compiler at the above email address for inclusion in future bibliographies.
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O’Shea, Mark, Allen Allison, and Hinrich Kaiser. "The taxonomic history of the enigmatic Papuan snake genus Toxicocalamus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with the description of a new species from the Managalas Plateau of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and a revised dichotomous key." Amphibia-Reptilia 39, no. 4 (2018): 403–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20181052.
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Abstract We trace the taxonomic history of Toxicocalamus, a poorly known genus of primarily vermivorous snakes found only in New Guinea and associated island archipelagos. With only a relatively limited number of specimens to examine, and the distribution of those specimens across many natural history collections, it has been a difficult task to assemble a complete taxonomic assessment of this group. As a consequence, research on these snakes has undergone a series of fits and starts, and we here present the first comprehensive chronology of the genus, beginning with its original description by George Albert Boulenger in 1896. We also describe a new species from the northern versant of the Owen Stanley Range, Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and we present a series of comparisons that include heretofore underused characteristics, including those of unusual scale patterns, skull details, and tail tip morphology. Defined by the smallest holotype in the genus, the new species is easily differentiated from all other Toxicocalamus by a combination of the following eidonomic characters: fused prefrontal-internasal scute; single preocular, separate, not fused with prefrontal; minute circular, counter-sunk naris in the centre of a large, undivided, nasal scute; paired postoculars; single anterior temporal and paired posterior temporals; six supralabials, with 3rd and 4th supralabial contacting the orbit; dorsal scales in 15-15-15 rows; 235 ventral scales, 35 paired subcaudal scales; paired cloacal scales preceded by paired precloacal scales; and a short, laterally slightly compressed, ‘Ultrocalamus-type’ tail, terminating in a short conical scale. Differences from congeners in skull morphology include a reduced anterior extent of the parasphenoid, termination of the palatine tooth row at the anterior level of the parasphenoid, extent and shape of the premaxilla, shape and size of the prootics, extent and shape of the exoccipitals and occipital condyles, and features of the atlas-axis complex. This is the fifteenth species in the genus Toxicocalamus.
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FILER, COLIN. "Interdisciplinary perspectives on historical ecology and environmental policy in Papua New Guinea." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 2 (February 10, 2011): 256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000913.
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SUMMARYPapua New Guinea (PNG) has been the site of a great deal of scientific work, and a fair amount of interdisciplinary debate, within the broad field of historical ecology, which encompasses the study of indigenous society-environment relationships over different time periods. However, this in itself provides no guarantee that scientists engaged in such debate will have a greater influence on the formulation of environmental conservation policies in a state where indigenous decision makers now hold the levers of political power. Five environmental policy paradigms which have emerged in the course of public debate about environmental conservation in PNG over the past half century; the wildlife management, environmental planning, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem assessment, and carbon sequestration paradigms. Each paradigm has framed a distinctive form of interdisciplinary debate about indigenous society-environment relationships within a contemporary political framework. However, a further connection can be drawn between the role of interdisciplinary debate in an evolving national policy framework and the history of scientific debate about the nature of indigenous society-environment relationships in the pre-colonial era. This connection places a distinctive emphasis on the relationship between indigenous agricultural practices and management of the national forest estate for reasons which are themselves a contingent effect of the nature of European colonial intervention over the course of the last century and a half. This particular bias in the relationship between historical ecology and environmental policy has lasted down to the present day. PNG's environmental policy problems are unlikely to have any rational or sensible solution in the absence of a better scientific understanding of the complexity of indigenous society-environment relationships. Scientists need to understand the complexity of the environmental policy process as a historical process in its own right in order to work out which policy problems offer both the scope and the incentive to sustain specific forms of interdisciplinary debate that are likely to produce better policy outcomes.
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Takahashi, Miwa, Mark I. McCormick, Philip L. Munday, and Geoffrey P. Jones. "Influence of seasonal and latitudinal temperature variation on early life-history traits of a coral reef fish." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 10 (2012): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11278.
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Temporal and latitudinal gradients in ocean temperature may be useful for predicting the likely responses of marine species to accelerating global warming. Here, we examined seasonal variations in early life-history traits of the reef fish Pomacentrus moluccensis at Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Latitudinal variations were then compared among three locations from Kimbe Bay in Papua New Guinea to the southern GBR (18° latitude). At Lizard Island, a 4°C temperature rise from spring to summer was correlated with a 0.13 mm day−1 increase in pre-settlement growth rates and a 3.28-day decrease in pelagic larval duration (PLD). The latitudinal comparison revealed a non-linear relationship where growth rate and settlement size declined and PLD increased at Kimbe Bay where temperature was the highest of all the study sites. Furthermore, the slopes of latitudinal variations in life-history traits as a function of temperature within the GBR were significantly steeper than those in the temporal analysis. These latitudinal patterns were likely to be shaped by (1) the species thermal reaction norm, (2) local adaptation or (3) location-specific environmental and demographic characteristics. The significant correlations of early life-history traits with natural temperature gradients emphasise the potential sensitivity of reef fish larvae to global warming.
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Tammisto, Tuomas. "Closing the Frontier, Opening Doors." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 46, no. 1 (November 28, 2021): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.v46i1.112436.
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In this article I examine a recent communal cocoa planting project in a Wide Bay Mengen community in East Pomio, Papua New Guinea in relation to histories of resource extraction. I discuss how the community members modeled the current planting of cocoa in accordance with earlier forms of agriculture, namely copra production and swidden horticulture. The cocoa planting project is linked to a longer history of labour and resource extraction in Pomio. I analyze the cycles of labour recruitment, logging, and oil palm expansion through the framework of the frontier, by which I mean a spatio-temporal process through which certain areas are portrayed as having abundant resources, which are made available for extraction. The cocoa planting project was a local response to these conditions and intended to be a source of income based on inalienated labour and local landholding and a spatial strategy of establishing points of access to other places, called 'doors' by the community members. My aim in this article is twofold. First, I argue that the frontier understood as a spatio-temporal process helps us to conceptualize cycles of resource extraction. Second, I show how people living in areas understood as frontiers form their own analyses and responses to the conditions under which their land, labour, and resources are made available to others.
Keywords: cocoa, commodification, frontier, infrastructure, natural resources, oil palm, Papua New Guinea, place, territorialization
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Mendes, Diego M. M., and Jomara C. De Oliveira. "First record of Copiphora longicauda Serville, 1831 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Cophiphorini) in Brazil and new behavioral data." Entomological Communications 1 (December 9, 2019): ec01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec01008.
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Copiphora longicauda Serville, 1831 is a species of Amazonian katydid described for French Guiana and with records for Colombia, Peru and Suriname. In this contribution, the record of this species is made for the first time to Brazil, with inclusion of natural history and a map with the geographical records.
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Burley, Alana L., Neal J. Enright, and Margaret M. Mayfield. "Demographic response and life history of traditional forest resource tree species in a tropical mosaic landscape in Papua New Guinea." Forest Ecology and Management 262, no. 5 (September 2011): 750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.008.
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Lorenzini, Paolo Alberto, Elena S. Gusareva, Amit Gourav Ghosh, Nurul Adilah Binte Ramli, Peter Rainer Preiser, and Hie Lim Kim. "Population-specific positive selection on low CR1 expression in malaria-endemic regions." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): e0280282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280282.
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Complement Receptor Type 1 (CR1) is a malaria-associated gene that encodes a transmembrane receptor of erythrocytes and is crucial for malaria parasite invasion. The expression of CR1 contributes to the rosetting of erythrocytes in the brain bloodstream, causing cerebral malaria, the most severe form of the disease. Here, we study the history of adaptation against malaria by analyzing selection signals in the CR1 gene. We used whole-genome sequencing datasets of 907 healthy individuals from malaria-endemic and non-endemic populations. We detected robust positive selection in populations from the hyperendemic regions of East India and Papua New Guinea. Importantly, we identified a new adaptive variant, rs12034598, which is associated with a slower rate of erythrocyte sedimentation and is linked with a variant associated with low levels of CR1 expression. The combination of the variants likely drives natural selection. In addition, we identified a variant rs3886100 under positive selection in West Africans, which is also related to a low level of CR1 expression in the brain. Our study shows the fine-resolution history of positive selection in the CR1 gene and suggests a population-specific history of CR1 adaptation to malaria. Notably, our novel approach using population genomic analyses allows the identification of protective variants that reduce the risk of malaria infection without the need for patient samples or malaria individual medical records. Our findings contribute to understanding of human adaptation against cerebral malaria.
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Catzeflis, Francois. "Hyladelphys kalinowskii in French Guiana: new observations and first notes on its nesting biology." Mammalia 82, no. 5 (September 25, 2018): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2017-0107.
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Abstract A series of 14 new observations of Hyladelphys kalinowskii (Didelphidae) provides novel natural history information about this rare Neotropical opossum, which appears to occur throughout French Guiana, from highly degraded forest patches of the littoral zone to large tracks of pristine primary forests in the interior. Six nests were found containing one to several individuals, including females with suckling young. It appears that the components (dry leaves, small twigs) of some nests are glued together with a whitish cement of unknown origin. Including previously reported records, a total of 18 individuals of H. kalinowskii have now been caught or observed in French Guiana. External and cranial measurements of five adult specimens are tabulated.
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Mayer, H. Michael. "A History of Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery: What Have We Learnt?" BioMed Research International 2019 (April 3, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4583943.
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The new development and finally the general acceptance of surgical techniques among the worldwide surgical community sometimes create fascinating stories. This is also true for the history of endoscopic lumbar spine surgery. In the last 100 years there was a “natural” evolution of surgical techniques with continuous improvement and “refinement” of lumbar decompression techniques towards less invasive operations with the final “endpoint” of microsurgery. However the application of percutaneous, image-guided, and endoscopic technologies has revolutionized minimally invasive surgery. This article describes the history of endoscopic lumbar spine surgery and its major milestones and protagonists which have helped to make endoscopic lumbar spine surgery “disruptive” minimally invasive surgical technology which has changed the world of lumbar decompression surgery.
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Shaimardanova, Zarema. "In search of a "new" Sovietology, new Post-Sovietology or Central Asian Studies…" Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19, no. 2 (July 2016): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2016.19.2.64.
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The Euro-American, Kazakh and Russian studies naturally raised and are still raising the question of the future Sovietology, Post-Sovietology and even Post-Post- Sovietology caused by the USSR collapse and understanding the need to rethink the theoretical and methodological foundations to study the New Independent States / CIS as a whole and in the Central Asian region, in particular. Sovietology could not adequately reflect the changed reality. The author demonstrates the consistency and inconsistency of sovietology concerning the question about Kazakhstan history, as colonization, russification, sovietization and etc. The socio-economic development of independent Kazakhstan evaluated by foreign researchers was taken as an example in order to show traits of Sovietology inherited earlier. Guided by the inequality of the world order and sovietology experience, the objective and impartial theoretical and methodological basis to study CIS space is required. Otherwise, methodological inconsistency of Sovietology and PostSovietology in explanation and understanding of the political and socio-cultural processes in the territory of CIS will be a natural phenomenon. The "special way" of study, neoinstitutional approach, historical, comparative and pluralist approaches are offered on the basis of international scholars' analysis.
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Jeck, Udo Reinhold. "Virtus Lapidum.- Zur Philosophischen Begründung Der Magischen Wirksamkeit Und Der Physikalischen Beschaffenheit Kostbarer Mineralien in Der Naturphilosophie Alberts Des Grossen." Early Science and Medicine 5, no. 1 (2000): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338200x00281.
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AbstractIn his treatment of magic, Albert the Great was not guided by traditional biases. Important testimonies to that effect are found in his De mineralibus, one of his works on natural philosophical matters, which explained the allegedly magic ef fects of precious stones in terms of a systematically elaborated theory. Albert invoked in this context suitable metaphysical principles: the power of a particular stone (virtus lapidis) derives, according to his view, from its respective species and the forma substantialis associated with it. By thus integrating magical effects into the rational and conceptual framework of natural philosophy, the Dominican left the methods of other mineralogical authors far behind. The resulting demystification allowed the science of mineralogy to reach a new level of philosophical and scientific sophistication.
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KARIN, BENJAMIN R., PAUL M. OLIVER, ALEXANDER L. STUBBS, UMILAELA ARIFIN, DJOKO T. ISKANDAR, EVY ARIDA, ZHENG OONG, et al. "Who’s your daddy? On the identity and distribution of the paternal hybrid ancestor of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)." Zootaxa 4999, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4999.1.6.
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The widespread parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris is comprised of several clonal lineages, at least one of which has been known for some time to have originated from hybridization between its maternal ancestor, Lepidodactylus moestus, and a putatively undescribed paternal ancestor previously known only from remote islands in the Central Pacific. By integrating new genetic sequences from multiple studies on Lepidodactylus and incorporating new genetic sequences from previously sampled populations, we recovered a phylogenetic tree that shows a close genetic similarity between the generally hypothesized paternal hybrid ancestor and a recently described species from Maluku (Indonesia), Lepidodactylus pantai. Our results suggest that the paternal hybrid ancestor of at least one parthenogenetic clone of L. lugubris is conspecific with L. pantai and that the range of this species extends to Palau, the Caroline Islands, the Kei Islands, Wagabu, and potentially other small islands near New Guinea. Deeper genetic structure in the western (Palau, Maluku) versus eastern (eastern Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia) part of this species’ range suggests that the western populations likely dispersed via natural colonization, whereas the eastern populations may be the result of human-mediated dispersal. The potential taxonomic affinities and biogeographic history should be confirmed with further morphological and genetic analyses, including research on L. woodfordi from its type locality, which would have nomenclatural priority if found to be conspecific with L. pantai. We recommend referring to the wide-ranging sexual species as Lepidodactylus pantai until such a comparison can be made.
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SMITH, SARAH M., ROGER A. BEAVER, SUDHIR SINGH, and ANTHONY I. COGNATO. "Taxonomic clarification and neotype designation for three Indian xyleborine species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)." Zootaxa 4394, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4394.1.9.
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Xyleborini currently consists of more than 1168 species in 36 genera, nearly all of which were described in Xyleborus (Hulcr et al. 2015; Smith 2017). The tribe has been the focus of considerable taxonomic attention over the last decade resulting in phylogenetically based revisions and the erection of new genera (e.g. Hulcr et al. 2007, Hulcr and Cognato 2010). However in the Old World these efforts have largely been restricted to faunas of particular countries such as Taiwan (Beaver and Liu 2010), Thailand (Beaver et al. 2014), and Papua New Guinea (Hulcr and Cognato 2008). The region’s fauna was primarily described from the 1890s to the 1940s by three authors, W.F.H. Blandford, Hans Eggers and Karl Schedl. During the 1920s to the 1940s Eggers described numerous Xyleborus species from India and Myanmar (Burma), typically from single specimens or a small series, and deposited them in the Forest Research Institute (FRI) in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Cotypes (paratypes), if present for the species, were kept in his collection. Upon his death, his collection was sent to the United States National Museum of Natural History but Schedl retained many of the types that are now at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NHMW). In all, FRI houses 50 xyleborine holotypes, and most of these species are solely known from the holotype.
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PAZ, FERNANDO, BRETT C. RATCLIFFE, and LUIS FIGUEROA. "Three new species of Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Amazonian Peru and a checklist of Cyclocephala species in Peru." Zootaxa 5087, no. 3 (January 7, 2022): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5087.3.2.
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The following new species of Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) are described from Peru: C. mateoi Paz & Ratcliffe, C. ukuku Paz & Ratcliffe, and C. hylaea Ratcliffe & Paz. A description, diagnosis, geographic distribution, notes on natural history, and illustrations are provided for each new species. Six Cyclocephala species are reported for the first time from Peru: C. emarginata Endrödi, 1964, C. guianae Endrödi, 1969, C. kuntzeniana Höhne, 1923, C. malyi Dupuis, 2014, C. ovulum Bates, 1888, and C. sylviae Dechambre, 1995. An updated, annotated list of the 81 Peruvian species of Cyclocephala is provided.
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Merenkov, Anatoly V. "Constructing “a New Person”: Breaking the Links Between the Natural and the Sociocultural." Koinon 2, no. 2 (2021): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/koinon.2021.02.2.013.
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The revision of the centuries-old culture of relationships between people in the implementation of sexual orientations and attitudes, the needs for ensuring racial equality, which is taking place in several countries around the world, requires proper sociological analysis, as it affects hundreds of millions of people. Some propose to change the established ideas about the influence of nature on human behaviour when communicating with representatives of the other sex, race. In the mass media, in the statements of politicians, the idea of refusing to name people based on their belonging to the male or female sex began to be approved. It should be determined not on the basis of visible natural features but constructed by a new gender culture. In 2020C, changes in interpreting the role of the natural and the socio-cultural in racial relations resulted in the emergence of new methods of fighting for equality between whites and blacks. The ideology of expanding the advantages of African Americans in all spheres of public life, “repentance” of whites for the fact that among their ancestors were slave owners, is spreading. The article shows that what unites these two processes is an attempt to redefine the role of the nature-given external differences of people in shaping a culture of interaction between the two sexes, of different races, both in the past and at present. From an analysis of the history of relations between men and women, people depending on their skin colour, it is concluded that individuals adopt and implement norms, rules of behaviour that do not lead to the violent suppression of what is given to them by nature. The policy of constructing a new person, guided by the norms of culture, forcing the complete rejection of what is set by nature, as well as was created by previous generations, leads to the destruction of the entire historically established system of organizing people’s social life.
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Canals, R. M. "Landscape in motion: revisiting the role of key disturbances in the preservation of mountain ecosystems." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3634.
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The history of the planet is an ever-changing story. Nowadays, managers of the natural environment face the challenge of dealing with a dynamic landscape that is at a turning point due to the global change (climate and land use change) brought about by human actions in recent centuries. This article discusses the traditional concept of conservation of the natural environment, analyses the role played by key disturbances in the functioning and dynamics of ecosystems over time, and offers a new management approach derived from this knowledge. Combined practices of controlled fire and guided grazing (pyric herbivory) as environmental tools for the preservation of valuable mountain ecosystems is justified, as well as the need to consolidate them by combining traditional expertise with scientific and technical knowledge in order to maximize their positive effects and minimize the potential negative impacts on the natural environment.
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Harley, David, Adrian Sleigh, and Scott Ritchie. "Ross River Virus Transmission, Infection, and Disease: a Cross-Disciplinary Review." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 909–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.4.909-932.2001.
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SUMMARY Ross River virus (RRV) is a fascinating, important arbovirus that is endemic and enzootic in Australia and Papua New Guinea and was epidemic in the South Pacific in 1979 and 1980. Infection with RRV may cause disease in humans, typically presenting as peripheral polyarthralgia or arthritis, sometimes with fever and rash. RRV disease notifications in Australia average 5,000 per year. The first well-described outbreak occurred in 1928. During World War II there were more outbreaks, and the name epidemic polyarthritis was applied. During a 1956 outbreak, epidemic polyarthritis was linked serologically to a group A arbovirus (Alphavirus). The virus was subsequently isolated from Aedes vigilax mosquitoes in 1963 and then from epidemic polyarthritis patients. We review the literature on the evolutionary biology of RRV, immune response to infection, pathogenesis, serologic diagnosis, disease manifestations, the extraordinary variety of vertebrate hosts, mosquito vectors, and transmission cycles, antibody prevalence, epidemiology of asymptomatic and symptomatic human infection, infection risks, and public health impact. RRV arthritis is due to joint infection, and treatment is currently based on empirical anti-inflammatory regimens. Further research on pathogenesis may improve understanding of the natural history of this disease and lead to new treatment strategies. The burden of morbidity is considerable, and the virus could spread to other countries. To justify and design preventive programs, we need accurate data on economic costs and better understanding of transmission and behavioral and environmental risks.
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Lamare, Miles D., Michelle Liddy, and Sven Uthicke. "In situ developmental responses of tropical sea urchin larvae to ocean acidification conditions at naturally elevated p CO 2 vent sites." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1843 (November 30, 2016): 20161506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1506.
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Laboratory experiments suggest that calcifying developmental stages of marine invertebrates may be the most ocean acidification (OA)-sensitive life-history stage and represent a life-history bottleneck. To better extrapolate laboratory findings to future OA conditions, developmental responses in sea urchin embryos/larvae were compared under ecologically relevant in situ exposures on vent-elevated p CO 2 and ambient p CO 2 coral reefs in Papua New Guinea. Echinometra embryos/larvae were reared in meshed chambers moored in arrays on either venting reefs or adjacent non-vent reefs. After 24 and 48 h, larval development and morphology were quantified. Compared with controls (mean pH (T) = 7.89–7.92), larvae developing in elevated p CO 2 vent conditions (pH (T) = 7.50–7.72) displayed a significant reduction in size and increased abnormality, with a significant correlation of seawater pH with both larval size and larval asymmetry across all experiments. Reciprocal transplants (embryos from vent adults transplanted to control conditions, and vice versa ) were also undertaken to identify if adult acclimatization can translate resilience to offspring (i.e. transgenerational processes). Embryos originating from vent adults were, however, no more tolerant to reduced pH. Sea temperature and chlorophyll- a concentrations (i.e. larval nutrition) did not contribute to difference in larval size, but abnormality was correlated with chlorophyll levels. This study is the first to examine the response of marine larvae to OA scenarios in the natural environment where, importantly, we found that stunted and abnormal development observed in situ are consistent with laboratory observations reported in sea urchins, in both the direction and magnitude of the response.
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Fonju, Dr Njuafac Kenedy. "Pre-Colonial and Colonial British Equation of Exploration, Expropriation and Exploitation (3Es) Through Monarchical Hierarchical Orders of Diplomatic Agents in the Gold Coast (Ghana) of West Africa 1621-1957." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 400–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2021.v09i09.004.
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The present paper brings 111 British pre-colonial and colonial diplomatic agents who moderated the activities of Exploration, Expropriation and Exploitation (3Es) in the Gold Coast (GC) located in the Rich Zone of African Gulf of Guinea (RZAGG) in the West African Region between 1621 and 1957 when GC gained independence as Ghana been the first Black African Country under the President ship of an African legend Pan-Africanist known as Kwame Nkrumah. The history of Ghana is very important in views of its previous Ghana Empire and Kingship system which European imperialist and colonisers destroyed with over ambitions of 3Es in the Centuries that followed culminated with slavery and slave trade dealings of human beings shipped as lodge of woods across the Atlantic Ocean to American plantations. The teaching of African History in the 21st Century entails us to know those agents and goes deep into their archives to search and evaluate their Machiavelli did in the specific countries during their tenure in office. This is because they laid the groundwork and foundation of Western European imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism which later cropped up during the second decade of the 20th Century at independence. Our intension is not to bring out all what they did but rather, the identification of principal actors of the period which can be beneficial to the young generation of historians to open up new research avenues by going deeper to illustrate the activities carried out by each of those foreign diplomatic agents in their 3Es instructions and executions. The scrutiny of specialized and secondary sources facilitated us to use a historical analytical approach with visible statistical tables illustrating each of those monarchical actors of Kings and Queens and agents appointed to fulfil their foreign gains from natural and human resources of GC later Ghana at independence.
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Larson, Carolyne R. "“Noble and Delicate Sentiments”." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 47, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 42–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2017.47.1.42.
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This article explores the emotional community of museum natural scientists in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Argentina, a context in which the growth of museum natural sciences and nation-state formation became closely intertwined. Influenced by powerful nineteenth-century notions of civilization and modernity, Argentine scientists and statemakers sought to create a distinctively Argentine science, which would emulate European science in form but also retain a uniquely national character. A small group of influential museum administrators and scientists consciously strove to strengthen science’s influence in Argentine national society by creating communal norms among scientists that resonated with narratives about civilization and modernity, and that guided proper behavior and emotional expression. Scientists also challenged the expectations of their community, testing the strength of central emotional tenets such as patriotism and objectivity. This article uses emotional communities as a framework for exploring the push and pull between social patterns and individual choices in this critical moment in Argentina’s history, when new and powerful ideas about science—as a modern, objective, and national practice—emerged in tandem with nation-state formation. In particular, this article explores museum natural scientists’ emotional concerns with objectivity and patriotism through a small group of Argentine museum natural scientists: Francisco P. Moreno, Juan B. Ambrosetti, Hermann Burmeister, and Florentino Ameghino.
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FOUQUET, ANTOINE, RAWIEN JAIRAM, PAUL OUBOTER, and PHILIPPE J. R. KOK. "Two new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) of the stepheni group from Suriname." Zootaxa 4820, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4820.1.7.
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Anomaloglossus is a species-rich genus of frogs endemic to the Guiana Shield that still harbours several unnamed species. According to a recent integrative taxonomic survey, the A. stepheni species group includes five valid nominal species and at least four putatively unnamed species, two in Brazil and two in Suriname. In this paper, we describe the two species from Suriname based on adult and tadpole morphology as well as their calls and natural history. Both have exotrophic tadpoles transported by the male to small water bodies. These two new species differ from each other and from other congeners in body size, colouration pattern, call characteristics and breeding sites. Both have narrow distributions and should be considered Endangered according to IUCN criteria.
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Augee, Michael L. "Tree‐Kangaroos of Australia and New Guinea. Australian Natural History Series. By Roger Martin; illustrated by , Sue Simpson. Collingwood (Australia): CSIRO Publishing. AU$39.95 (paper). ix + 158 p; ill.; index. ISBN: 0–643–09072– X. 2005." Quarterly Review of Biology 81, no. 1 (March 2006): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/503981.
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Trueb, Linda, and David Massemin. "The osteology and relationships of Pipa aspera (Amphibia: Anura: Pipidae), with notes on its natural history in French Guiana." Amphibia-Reptilia 22, no. 1 (2001): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853801750096169.
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AbstractRecent field and laboratory observations on Pipa aspera from central French Guiana have yielded new information on the morphology, ecology, reproductive habits, and relationships of this poorly known pipid frog from northeastern South America. Morphologically, P.aspera is most similar to P.arrabali, from which it differs in details of its cranial and postcranial osteology. The snout of P.aspera is less depressed than that of P.arrabali and the eye is proportionally larger in P. aspera than in P. arrabali; in addition, P. aspera has wide nostrils that are more narrowly separated from one another than are those of P. arrabali. A phylogenetic analysis reveals P. carvalhoi to be the sister taxon to [P. aspera + [P. arrabali + [P. snethlageae + P. pipa]]]. Like P. arrabali, P. aspera produces relatively few, large young that undergo their complete development on the back of the female. Pipa aspera differs from its congeners in its preferred habitat of freshwater pools in flowing streams on the slopes of massifs of the Guyana Shield. De récents travaux menés en Guyane française sur l'amphibien anoure Pipa aspera (Pipidae) ont apporté des informations inédites sur la morphologie, l'écologie, le mode de reproduction et le comportement de cette espèce peu connue du Nord Est de l'Amérique du Sud. D'un point de vue morphologique, Pipa aspera est proche de P. arrabali duquel il se distingue toutefois par quelques détails de l'ostéologie crânienne et post-crânienne. De plus, chez P.aspera, le museau est moins déprimé et les yeux sont proportionnellement plus grands que chez P. arrabali. Les narines de Pipa aspera sont également plus larges et plus nettement séparées l'une de l'autre qu'elles ne le sont chez P.arrabali. Une analyse phylogénétique a révélé P.carvalhoi comme étant le taxon soeur de [P. aspera + [P. arrabali + [P. snethlageae + P. pipa]]]. Tout comme chez P. arrabali, les oeufs, pondus en petite quantité, se développent dans le dos de la femelle jusqu'à la métamorphose complète des têtards en jeunes grenouilles. Pipa aspera diffère également des autres Pipidés par son habitat particulier: des flaques alimentées par de l'eau vive et fraîche dans le lit de petites rivières dévalant le long de quelques reliefs marqués du plateau des Guyanes.
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Bull, James R. "Foreword." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20077904v.
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The natural products theme is deeply rooted in the culture of IUPAC, and the first International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products (ISCNP) on 15-25 August 1960 with Sir Alexander Todd (later, Lord Todd) as President, can claim particular credit in the history of the Union. Not only did it take an early bold step toward the truly global reach that characterizes IUPAC conferences in the modern era, but it was the harbinger of numerous sponsored or Union-initiated series devoted to other areas of specialization in the chemical sciences. International delegates to the inaugural event undertook the then nontrivial journey to Melbourne, Canberra, and Sydney, Australia with an excursion to New Guinea, to participate in a scientific program, in which structural elucidation and synthesis were dominant themes, and most familiar modern tools and techniques were still in their infancy. Natural products lore still celebrates the names of certain pioneers who contributed to that first program.As a series, this hardy biennial has since been hosted throughout the world, and has faithfully served a huge international community of scientists engaged in every conceivable aspect of natural products chemistry. The terms of reference for the ISCNP series have recently been adapted following a decision to merge with the younger series of International Conferences on Biodiversity (ICOB). This step was inaugurated with ISCNP-24/ICOB-4, which was held in New Delhi, India on 26-31 January 2004; <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2005/7701/index.html>. The change exemplifies the evolving nature of the subject, and its ongoing appeal to scientists engaged in exploring and developing less familiar disciplinary interfaces, as well as traditional mainstream areas. It is thus unsurprising that natural products should feature as a Special Topic theme for a second time in the recent history of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC); see <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7502/ index.html> for a collection of papers based upon presentations at ISCNP-23, held in Florence, Italy on 28 July-02 August 2002. That program featured fresh insights into proteomics, genetics, and molecular biology, in a trend that ISCNP-25/ICOB-5 has continued to develop, with coverage of related and new features of bioactivity at the molecular level and chemical biological themes, whilst also paying homage to enduring favorites such as structure and synthesis.What is a Special Topic? The concept was introduced as a device to publicize and promote new and emerging principles and practice in all branches of chemical sciences, through the pages of PAC; <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/index.html#si>. Themes may be selected from inaugural events or special IUPAC projects, but equally, may identify themselves as dynamic and widely practiced areas of science presently covered by regular IUPAC-sponsored series. Important criteria obviously include relevance, topicality, and readership expectations. Publication projects arising from the Special Topics initiative generally continue to achieve gratifyingly favourable citation profiles, and thereby support the view that they fulfil an important need.It is noteworthy that the Kyoto meeting represents the third occasion that the series has been hosted in Japan, the home of some quite extraordinary manifestations of natural products and biodiversity, as well as some of the outstanding practitioners of the subject. The program of ISCNP-25/ICOB-5 rightly captures some of this local character, but is also a fully representative expression of the international participation and appeal that traditionally characterizes the series. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the able and enthusiastic support of the Conference Editor, Prof. Hideo Kigoshi, in preparing this Special Topic issue of 27 topical papers based upon program presentations. The collection aspires to offer an enduring archival record of a subject that continues to reinvent itself, and to astound and challenge its practitioners with the apparently boundless molecular riches of the biosphere.James R. BullScientific Editor
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Grecksch, Kevin, and Jessica Holzhausen. "Property rights revisited – are narratives the way forward?" International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 9, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-09-2016-0014.
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Purpose This paper aims to show how property rights predominantly shape discussions about the governance of natural resources and thereby neglect questions of (collective) identities and alternative solutions to govern natural resources. The purpose is to introduce narratives as an alternative approach to the discussion about the governance of natural resources. Design/methodology/approach Guided by the question of how we acquire property and what that tells us about our understanding of to whom natural resources belong to, the paper reviews the history of property rights by looking into property theories starting from Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. It then takes a closer look at The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study and the Nagoya Protocol with regard to property rights. Second, the paper introduces the concept of narratives surrounding property rights in the past and present. Findings Property rights are a social concept dominant in the industrialised world. This has strong implications when looking at the way indigenous people look at natural resources. Mostly, property rights are unknown to them or alternative concepts exist. Yet, documents such as the Nagoya Protocol or the TEEB study presuppose an understanding of property rights originating in European property concepts. A narrative approach to property rights introduces new ideas and looks beyond legislation and policies at the stories people tell about property and natural resources, at property stereotypes and identities and what this might entail for future natural resource governance. Originality/value The paper fulfils a need to find alternative approaches to govern natural resources against the background of global environmental challenges.
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Irmler, Ulrich. "Additions to the Neotropical species of the genus Eleusis Laporte, 1835 with description of new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osorinae)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 69, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.071-077.
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The Neotropical material of the genus Eleusis deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, containing 440 specimens in 18 species, was studied. Additionally, specimens from French Guiana collected by J. Schmidl, Germany, were included. New records of eight rare species were listed and sampling details noted. Three new species were found: E. mazureki spec. nov., E. dybasi spec. nov., and E. chiriquensis spec. nov. The new species are described and integrated in the key to Neotropical Eleusis provided by Irmler (2017). Furthermore, corrections to the same paper are necessary. These are: Eleusis platysoma Irmler, 2017 is transferred to the genus Inopeplus (Salpingidae); Eleusis fauveli Irmler, 2017 is preoccupied by Eleusis fauveli Fagel, 1957 and E. fauveliana new name proposed for the former, and the location of holotype deposition of E. rufipennis is added.
Nomenclatural acts
Eleusis mazureki spec. nov. – urn.lsid:zoobank.org.act:220D0CEA-75CB-4537-BA0D-D95752582D34Eleusis dybasi spec. nov. – urn.lsid:zoobank.org.act:ED409CD2-1674-4C51-94AE-A2AB6D54B066Eleusis chiriquensis spec. nov. – urn.lsid:zoobank.org.act: EA43287D-B203-42E1-8A45-C1AC74396519
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Gibson, Noula, Meredith Wynter, Pam Thomason, Felicity Baker, Heather Burnett, H. Kerr Graham, Megan Kentish, et al. "Australian hip surveillance guidelines at 10 years: New evidence and implementation." Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine 15, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/prm-220017.
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Optimum management of hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is facilitated by an approach that focuses on anticipatory and preventive measures. Hip surveillance programs for children with CP were developed at the beginning of the new millennium, with the purpose of identifying hip displacement sufficiently early to permit a choice of effective management options. In the early years, hip surveillance was guided by epidemiological analysis of population-based studies of prevalence. In Australia, a National Hip Surveillance in CP Working Group was first convened in 2005. This resulted in a 2008 Consensus Statement of recommendations published and endorsed by Australasian Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AusACPDM). The group undertook that the recommendations should be reviewed every 5 years to ensure currency and congruency with the emerging evidence base. As new evidence became available, hip surveillance guidelines developed, with the most recent 2020 Australian Hip Surveillance Guidelines endorsed by the AusACPDM. Implementing comprehensive hip surveillance programs has now been shown to improve the natural history of hip dislocations and improve quality of life. Standardised hip surveillance programs can also facilitate planning for multicentre research through harmonisation of data collection. This, in turn, can help with the identification of robust new evidence that is based on large cohort or population studies. Here a review of evidence informing the updated 2020 Hip Surveillance Guidelines is presented.
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Englund, Markus, Mikko Heikkinen, and Lisa Sundström. "Involving Collection Staff in the DINA Software Development – An Agile Approach." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 18, 2018): e25580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25580.
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In order to ensure long-term commitment to the DINA project (“DIgital information system for NAtural history data”, https://dina-project.net), it is essential to continuously deliver features of high value to the user community. This is also what agile software development methods try to achieve by emphasizing early delivery, rapid response to changes and close collaboration with users (see for example the Manifesto for Agile Software Development at http://agilemanifesto.org). We will give a brief overview on how current development of the DINA collection management system core is guided by agile principles. The mammal collection at the Swedish Museum of Natural History will be used as an example. Developing a cross-disciplinary collection management system is a complex task that poses many challenges: Which features should we focus on? What kinds of data should the system ultimately support? How can the system be flexible but still easy to use? Since we cannot do everything at once, we work towards a minimum viable product (MVP) that contains just enough features at a time to bring value for selected target users. In the mammal collection case, the MVP is the simplest product that is able to replace the functions of the current system used for managing the collection. As we begin to work with other collections, new MVPs are defined and used to guide further development. Thus, the set of features available will increase with each MVP, benefiting both new and current users. Another big challenge is migration of legacy data, which is labor intensive and involves standardizing data that are not compatible with the new system. To address these issues, we aim to build a flexible data model that allows less structured data to coexist with more complex, highly structured data. Migration should thus not require extensive data standardization, transformation and cleaning. The plan is to instead offer tools for transforming and cleaning the data after they have been imported. With the data in place, it will be easier for the user to provide feedback and suggest new features.
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Mônico, Alexander Tamanini, Miquéias Ferrão, Juan Carlos Chaparro, Antoine Fouquet, and Albertina Pimentel Lima. "A new species of rain frog (Anura: Strabomantidae: Pristimantis) from the Guiana Shield and amended diagnosis of P. ockendeni (Boulenger, 1912)." Vertebrate Zoology 72 (November 10, 2022): 1035–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e90435.
Full textAbstract:
Pristimantis is already the most speciose genus among vertebrates, yet the current number of species remains largely underestimated. A member of the P. unistrigatus species group from the Guiana Shield has been historically misidentified as P. ockendeni, a species described from southern Peru. We combined mitochondrial (16S and COI) and nuclear (RAG1) loci, external morphology, skull osteology (μ-CT scan), vocalization (advertisement and courtship calls), geographic distribution and natural history data to differentiate the Guiana Shield populations from P. ockendeni, and describe them as a new species. The new species is crepuscular and nocturnal and inhabits the understory of unflooded (terra firme) forests in Brazil, Guyana and Suriname. It is phylogenetically related to P. ardalonychus, P. martiae and undescribed species from Brazilian Amazonia. The new species notably differs from P. ockendeni and its congeners in the P. unistrigatus species group occurring in the Guiana Shield by the combination of the following characters: absence of dentigerous processes of vomers, presence of vocal slits in males, body size (SVL 16.2–20.7 mm in males and 21.4–25.7 mm in females), advertisement call (call with 4–6 notes, call duration of 158–371 ms and dominant frequency of 3,466–4,521 Hz) and translucent groin coloration in life. To facilitate the recognition and description of cryptic species previously hidden under the name P. ockendeni, we provide an amended diagnosis of this taxon based on external morphology and advertisement call of specimens recently collected nearby the type locality and additional localities in southwestern Amazonia.
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Goulding, W., P. Moss, and C. A. McAlpine. "Notes on the cultural value, biology and conservation status of the Data Deficient Tagula butcherbird (Cracticus louisiadensis Tristram, 1889)." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 2 (2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc19014.
Full textAbstract:
The Tagula butcherbird (Cracticus louisiadensis) is an endemic island species of butcherbird that has remained virtually unknown for over 130 years. The lack of information on the species has resulted in it being assigned to the Data Deficient category by BirdLife International and the IUCN, leaving its conservation status open to continuing speculation. This is an ongoing concern given the rapid environmental changes occurring in the region. Here, we describe the first observations of the habitat use, life history and ecology of the species. We also present information collected across the island distribution of the species, including density and population estimates. We found the Tagula butcherbird to be culturally important and relatively common in suitable habitats across four islands of the Louisiade Archipelago (Papua New Guinea). However, the species was absent from highly disturbed areas. We estimated this species’ extent of occurrence to be ~1200km2 and area of occupancy to be less than 800km2. Population densities were estimated via pre-dawn assessments of singing birds and line transects. Density estimates were found to be between 0.14 and 0.53 individuals per hectare, with the highest density observed on Sabara Island. These densities were combined with remote sensing data to estimate the amount of available habitat and the species’ population size, which was estimated to be between ~11500 and 23000 individuals. The species’ dependence on forest habitat with a relatively intact canopy, combined with the likely continuing destruction of habitat on Junet and Panawina Islands, remains a conservation concern.