Academic literature on the topic 'Natural history, southern hemisphere'
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Journal articles on the topic "Natural history, southern hemisphere"
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Butt, Nathalie. "Geographical bias constrains global knowledge of phenological change." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 4 (2019): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18073.
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Climate change is already driving shifts in phenology, the timing of life-history events such as flowering, fruiting, egg-laying, birth, and migration, and this is set to increase. Although climate change is happening, and will continue to happen, globally, most of our ecological knowledge around its potential impacts on phenology is derived from temperate areas and ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere, and information from the Southern Hemisphere is greatly lacking. This would not be a problem if biomes, ecosystems, species assemblages and species were the same in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, but as they, in fact, differ across many factors and scales, understanding gained from one hemisphere is not necessarily applicable to the other.
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Cuffey, Kurt M., Gary D. Clow, Eric J. Steig, et al. "Deglacial temperature history of West Antarctica." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 50 (2016): 14249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609132113.
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The most recent glacial to interglacial transition constitutes a remarkable natural experiment for learning how Earth’s climate responds to various forcings, including a rise in atmospheric CO2. This transition has left a direct thermal remnant in the polar ice sheets, where the exceptional purity and continual accumulation of ice permit analyses not possible in other settings. For Antarctica, the deglacial warming has previously been constrained only by the water isotopic composition in ice cores, without an absolute thermometric assessment of the isotopes’ sensitivity to temperature. To overcome this limitation, we measured temperatures in a deep borehole and analyzed them together with ice-core data to reconstruct the surface temperature history of West Antarctica. The deglacial warming was 11.3±1.8∘C, approximately two to three times the global average, in agreement with theoretical expectations for Antarctic amplification of planetary temperature changes. Consistent with evidence from glacier retreat in Southern Hemisphere mountain ranges, the Antarctic warming was mostly completed by 15 kyBP, several millennia earlier than in the Northern Hemisphere. These results constrain the role of variable oceanic heat transport between hemispheres during deglaciation and quantitatively bound the direct influence of global climate forcings on Antarctic temperature. Although climate models perform well on average in this context, some recent syntheses of deglacial climate history have underestimated Antarctic warming and the models with lowest sensitivity can be discounted.
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Rosenfeld, Sebastián, Claudia S. Maturana, Hamish G. Spencer, et al. "Complete distribution of the genus Laevilitorina (Littorinimorpha, Littorinidae) in the Southern Hemisphere: remarks and natural history." ZooKeys 1127 (November 2, 2022): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.91310.
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Littorinid snails are present in most coastal areas globally, playing a significant role in the ecology of intertidal communities. Laevilitorina is a marine gastropod genus distributed exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with 21 species reported from South America, the sub-Antarctic islands, Antarctica, New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania. Here, an updated database of 21 species generated from a combination of sources is presented: 1) new field sampling data; 2) published records; 3) the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA), to provide a comprehensive description of the known geographic distribution of the genus and detailed occurrences for each of the 21 species. The database includes 813 records (occurrences), 53 from field sampling, 174 from the literature, 128 from GBIF, and 458 from ALA. West Antarctica had the highest species richness (8 species), followed by sub-Antarctic islands of New Zealand (4 species) and the south-east shelf of Australia (4 species). The provinces of Magellan, New Zealand South Island, and sub-Antarctic Islands of the Indian Ocean include two species each. This study specifically highlights reports of L. pygmaea and L. venusta, species that have been almost unrecorded since their description. Recent advances in molecular studies of L. caliginosa showed that this species does not correspond to a widely distributed taxon, but to multiple divergent lineages distributed throughout the Southern Ocean. Ongoing molecular and taxonomic studies are necessary for a better understanding of the diversity and biogeography of this genus.
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Simon, Christian. "Naturschutz und Naturgeschichte um 1900. Der Beitrag der Basler Vettern Sarasin." Gesnerus 71, no. 1 (2014): 72–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07101003.
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Conservation and Natural History around 1900: The Contribution of the Sarasin Cousins. Some basic concepts for the creation of the Swiss National Park were derived from observations made in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and New Cale donia. European researchers feared that the study of «virgin nature» would no longer be possible, as various species would soon become extinct under the combined influences of colonial practices and profit-oriented capitalism. While the motives for protecting nature originated from experiences made in the southern hemisphere, their scientific concept of conservation was based on European natural history and the related theories of evolution. In the light of this approach, endangered zoological and botanical species as well as «primitive» varieties of man were appreciated as «documents» to be preserved within their original environment for future scientific reference and research. Museum collections and reservations (parks) were two types of repositories connected to each other by the same objective.
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Hurwood, David A., Mike P. Heasman, and Peter B. Mather. "Gene flow, colonisation and demographic history of the flat oyster Ostrea angasi." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 8 (2005): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04261.
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The Australian flat oyster Ostrea angasi is currently being assessed for its potential as a species for culture in New South Wales. It is considered important to determine the population genetic structure of wild stocks among estuaries before translocation of juveniles (spat) for growout in order to avoid possible deleterious effects of hybridisation of genetically divergent stocks (i.e. outbreeding depression). Five estuaries were sampled in southern New South Wales as well as another four from across the natural range of the species in Australia. Sequence analysis of a 594 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene was used to determine the degree of population structuring inferred from pairwise ΦST estimates and spatial analysis of molecular variance analysis. The analyses revealed that there is no significant genetic differentiation among the sampled New South Wales estuaries (P > 0.05) and all eastern samples represent a geographically homogeneous population. This essentially removes any potential constraints on broodstock sourcing and spat translocation within this region. Although levels of differentiation among all sites varied, little divergence was evident across the entire range of the sample. Furthermore, the study revealed extremely low levels of divergence between O. angasi and its northern hemisphere congener, O. edulis, raising the possibility that O. angasi may have only recently colonised Australian estuaries.
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Pelegrín, Jonathan S., and Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche. "Evolutionary and Biogeographical History of Penguins (Sphenisciformes): Review of the Dispersal Patterns and Adaptations in a Geologic and Paleoecological Context." Diversity 14, no. 4 (2022): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14040255.
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Despite its current low diversity, the penguin clade (Sphenisciformes) is one of the groups of birds with the most complete fossil record. Likewise, from the evolutionary point of view, it is an interesting group given the adaptations developed for marine life and the extreme climatic occupation capacity that some species have shown. In the present contribution, we reviewed and integrated all of the geographical and phylogenetic information available, together with an exhaustive and updated review of the fossil record, to establish and propose a biogeographic scenario that allows the spatial-temporal reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the Sphenisciformes, discussing our results and those obtained by other authors. This allowed us to understand how some abiotic processes are responsible for the patterns of diversity evidenced both in modern and past lineages. Thus, using the BioGeoBEARS methodology for biogeographic estimation, we were able to reconstruct the biogeographical patterns for the entire group based on the most complete Bayesian phylogeny of the total evidence. As a result, a New Zealand origin for the Sphenisciformes during the late Cretaceous and early Paleocene is indicated, with subsequent dispersal and expansion across Antarctica and southern South America. During the Eocene, there was a remarkable diversification of species and ecological niches in Antarctica, probably associated with the more temperate climatic conditions in the Southern Hemisphere. A wide morphological variability might have developed at the beginning of the Paleogene diversification. During the Oligocene, with the trends towards the freezing of Antarctica and the generalized cooling of the Neogene, there was a turnover that led to the survival (in New Zealand) of the ancestors of the crown Sphenisciform lineages. Later these expanded and diversified across the Southern Hemisphere, strongly linked to the climatic and oceanographic processes of the Miocene. Finally, it should be noted that the Antarctic recolonization and its hostile climatic conditions occurred in some modern lineages during the Pleistocene, possibly due to exaptations that made possible the repeated dispersion through cold waters during the Cenozoic, also allowing the necessary adaptations to live in the tundra during the glaciations.
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Lopez, Tanya Marie, Rajesvaran Nagarajan, and Sobana Swarta Thevi. "Biodiversity: Implementation of the 1992 CBD in Malaysia†." International Journal of Legal Information 40, no. 1-2 (2012): 273–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500006508.
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Of late, particularly since the inception of the Convention on Biological Diversity (“CBD”), there has been some recognition of the relevance of biological resources and the need to protect and conserve these resources for the benefit of humankind. Natural disasters which have been occurring around the world, such as the recent earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, the 2009 earthquake in Haiti, the floods in Pakistan and the mystery surrounding the fallen dead birds from the sky en masse in Arkansas have raised concerns on the state of the environment in which we live in today. The resultant long-term effects of such natural disasters is colossal to the inhabitants of mother Earth although those who are not directly affected by such disasters are rarely of the view that they have, in some way, contributed to the happenings of such disasters. In Europe and parts of America, winter temperatures plummeted towards the end of 2010 recording some of the lowest temperatures in history whilst in the southern hemisphere, cyclones and floods have plagued Australia thereby giving rise to prophecies that perhaps, the world may be coming to an end.
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Lepeco, Anderson, and Rodrigo Barbosa Gonçalves. "Bayesian and parsimony phylogeny of Augochlora bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) based on morphology: insights for their biogeography and natural history." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 80 (March 4, 2022): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e71943.
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Augochlora Smith, with 127 valid species, is the most widespread genus of Augochlorini bees, ranging from Argentina to southern Canada, including the Caribbean islands. The genus is divided into three subgenera, Augochlora s. str., Oxystoglossella Eickwort, and the fossil Electraugochlora Engel. The extant subgenera were traditionally diagnosed by their nesting substrate, social behavior and morphology. However, accumulating evidence suggests that these features are not reliable for their separation, especially with the discovery of an enigmatic species sharing characteristics from both subgenera. Our objective is to provide a phylogenetic hypothesis to evaluate the monophyly of the extant subgenera and to place a new species, Augochlora (Augochlora) intermedia sp. nov. For this purpose, we compiled 110 unordered characters for 40 species of Augochlora plus seven outgroup species and analyzed under parsimony and Bayesian inference. Topologies were very similar under both frameworks, allowing us to consistently characterize a few major lineages. Our results demonstrate that the extant subgenera correspond to monophyletic groups and the new species is sister group to remaining Augochlora s. str. species. Both subgenera are widespread in the Western Hemisphere, with species groups differing in range and distributional patterns. Our interpretation is that Augochlora arose in South America, subsequently colonizing Mesoamerica, the Caribbean and North America several times. Facultative social behavior can be found in both subgenera and in most lineages, indicating that the exclusive solitary behavior found in Augochlora pura is an exception. Based on morphological clues we interpret that the habit of nesting out of the soil arose once in Augochlora s. str.
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Valdés, Catalina, and Magdalena Montalbán. "“… It Was Highly Desirable They Should Be Illustrated”." Nuncius 34, no. 1 (2019): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03401004.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to study the images included in the report made by the U.S. Navy Astronomical Expedition in the Southern Hemisphere between 1849 and 1852, directed by Navy lieutenant and astronomer James Melville Gilliss (1881–1865). Together with astronomical studies, the expedition addressed different aspects of the natural and social history of the Republic of Chile setting down in six volumes a pioneering panoramic vision of the young nation. Considering the different aspects of the culture of printing as it developed in the main cities of the United States in the mid nineteenth century, this article proposes general reflections concerning the impetus given in this field by scientific expeditions. In the specific case of Gilliss’s Naval Astronomical Expedition, this impulse manifests itself in terms of the technological renewal and the prestige of the lithographers taking part in the publication. This contrasts with the subsequent scarce success of Gilliss’s volumes – the books came close to being ignored – both in the United States and in Chile.
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Pirlo, Jeanette. "Broadening Participation in an Increasingly Digitized World." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (July 4, 2018): e25972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25972.
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Participation within digitized collections has shown boom, but diversity of participants has remained static. Traditionally, natural history collections were only utilized by researchers with access to the physical collections. With the advent of open source digitized specimens, whether through transcription of the original label onto an electronic database, sound bites, two-dimensional photographs, or three-dimensional volume files, natural history collections are now at nearly everyone’s fingertips. Although collections have been historically clustered in the northern hemisphere, preliminary data suggest that researchers from the southern hemisphere have started using collections more via online portals. Studies have shown that a more heterogeneous community leads to an increase in the quality of science and publications. iDigBio (Integrated Digitized Biocollections), the United States’ national resource for Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (ADBC), is a National Science Foundation (NSF) funded initiative that makes millions of biological specimens, in the form of data and images, available electronically to the wider world. Our network of institutions across the world provide the digitized content that makes up our search portal. Minority serving institutions (MSIs) are an important resource for under served communities in the United States. They provide the educational and social skills required to overcome discrimination and economic disparities that these communities often face. Here, we focus on the types of institutions involved in uploading data, specifically those that identify as MSIs and the role they play in the field. After assessing MSI participation with the ADBC program by comparing databases of participants, I found that out of the nearly 400 individual institutions that contribute to the database, one-third of them identify as an MSI. The next step is further engaging contributing MSIs and identifying MSIs with natural history collections that are not a part of the iDigBio network and inviting them to join. By incorporating them into our network, we hope to reach underserved populations of students while broadening the scope of collections available. Including MSIs into our greater community of partners is not enough. We are striving to provide a greater understanding of how the iDigBio portal is used by new communities in the US with limited resources. In this way, we can provide educators with the tools necessary to better prepare their students for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers, as well as improving the collections available to the world.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural history, southern hemisphere"
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Hope-King, Lizabeth Ann. "Natural history of Hesperoyucca whipplei." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2991.
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Explores many aspects of the Hesperoyucca whipplei (formerly known as Yucca whipplei), a type of chaparral plant that grows in arid regions of Southern California. Five of the subspecies of H. whipplei are individually described and discussed. Its relationship with its pollinator, Tegeticula maculata, is traced and documented throughout the process of a reproductive season. The project examines the historic uses of H. whipplei by the Native Americans as well as its current uses in the modern world. It includes field study lessons and Hesperoyucca recipes.
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Smith, Brett. "The late quaternary history of Southern hemisphere mediterranean climate regions in the Western Cape, South Africa, and Southwestern Australia." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12162.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-241).<br>The study is focused on four study sites, two in the Western Cape, namely the Bruno section and Lake Michelle and two in southwestern Australia, namely Wambellup Swamp and Devil's Pool. These sites were chosen as they are well situated to investigate the complex interaction between Late Quaternary climate change, the influence of fluctuating sea levels and the impact of human interaction with the environments in question and provide a regional picture of these interactions.
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Fearnley, Helen. "Towards the ecology and conservation of sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) populations in Southern England." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/79446/.
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The sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) is a rare, elusive and cryptic reptile species of conservation importance in the UK. Knowledge of its ecology and behaviour has limited the development of a reliable and effective methodology for population monitoring; this threatens to compromise conservation effort. The behaviour of sand lizards varies seasonally, with sex and with environmental conditions, none of which are fully understood. This aim of this thesis is to further our ecological knowledge of the sand lizard, specifically by investigating factors which influence the detection probability of this species and through exploration of population monitoring and estimation methods. The detection rate of both male and female lizards in a captive population was found to be heavily dependent on their sex and reproductive stage. The detection probability of males was higher (39%) before mating than after mating (33%): with pre-mated males this was strongly associated with temperature and time of day; and with post-mated males it was linked to changeable conditions with solar radiation values between 200-700Wm-2. The detection probabilities of females were higher after mating (40%) than before (25%) with additional variations in detection rate during and after egg laying. Pre-mated females were most commonly observed basking in a preferred range of ultra-violet light and post-mated they favoured conditions where the ground surface temperature ranged between 17.5oC and 27.5oC. An intensive capture-mark-recapture study was performed on independent sand lizard populations and pattern matching software was used to assist with the identification of individual sand lizards from their dorsal patterning. The low recapture rate of sand lizards proved problematic and population estimates were generated using Program MARK following amalgamation of the data from each field season: but this nonetheless generated the first estimates of sand lizard populations in the UK, with a maximum mean density of 222Ha-2. The survivorship of males was consistently higher than females (0.67 vs. 0.26) and the detection rates and populations estimates differed between years. A high number of individuals were encountered only once, resulting in wide confidence limits of abundance estimates for this species. The range of microclimates available within a structurally diverse array of heathland vegetation were quantified and found to be more extensive than previously thought. The range of microhabitats within the preferred temperature range for sand lizards increased from Spring to Summer, so the need for a lizard to be in the open, and thus available for detection decreased. The obstacles encountered when attempting to monitor sand lizards populations arise from the unpredictable nature of the species. Future sand lizard surveys should be conducted at times when the detection probability maximised, as described in this thesis. A national monitoring scheme should steer away from absolute abundance estimates of populations and consider the use of occupancy estimation to monitor our remaining populations.
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Collins, Michael L. "Norfolk and North Sea Southern Basin natural gas 1966-1995 : a study in political economy." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389372.
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Loughman, Zachary James. "Natural history and conservation biology of a southern West Virginia contour surface mine reptile and amphibian community." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=585.
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Plön, Stephanie. "The status and natural history of pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (K. sima) sperm whales off Southern Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005460.
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For the present study 106 strandings of Kogia breviceps and 85 strandings of K. sima along the South African coastline between 1880 and 1995 were analysed in order to examine the age and growth, male and female reproduction, diet, stranding patterns, and population genetic structure of both species. Length and weight at birth were about 120cm and 53kg for K. breviceps and about 103cm and 14kg for K. sima. Von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted to the data and indicated that physical maturity was reached at around 15 years in both sexes of K. breviceps and at 13 years in female and 15 years in male K. sima. Asymptotic length was reached at 306.0 and 286.1cm in female and male K. breviceps and 249.14 and 263.75cm in female and male K. sima, respectively. Maximum ages were16 years for male K. breviceps and 23 years for females and 17 years for male K. sima and 22 years for females. Reversed sexual size dimorphism was suggested for K. breviceps, while in K. sima males were larger than females. Attainment of sexual maturity in males occurred at between 2.5 and 5 years of age in K. breviceps and 2.6 and 3 years in K. sima, corresponding to 241-242cm and 197cm body length, respectively. The maximum combined testis weight comprised 1.04% and 2.00% for K. breviceps and K. sima, respectively, and a polygynous mating system with a roving male strategy was proposed for both species. The sperm morphology for both Kogia species was described and is characterised by 20-25 spherical mitochondria arranged in rows around the midpiece. Attainment of sexual maturity in females occurred at 5 years in both Kogia species, and at 262cm and 215cm body length in K. breviceps and K. sima, respectively. The ovulation rates were 0.9 and 0.7 per year for K. breviceps and K. sima, respectively. In K. breviceps conceptions occurred from April to September and births from March to August, while in K. sima both conceptions and births occurred from December to March. Annual reproduction and a post-partum oestrus was suggested for both Kogia species. The diet of K. breviceps comprised 50 different cephalopod species from 22 families and 17 other prey species, while K. sima fed on 32 cephalopod species from 17 families and six others. Although niche overlap indices between the two species and between groups within each species were high, some differences in diet could be determined, which allow these two sympatrically occurring species to share the same ecological niche off the coast of Southern Africa. An analysis of the stranding patterns revealed that K. sima has a closer affinity to the Agulhas current and to higher water temperatures than K. breviceps, which is supported by differences in the size of the appendages between the two species. The population genetic analysis revealed a high haplotype and nucleotide diversity for K. breviceps in the Southern hemisphere, but a lack of significant phylogeographic structure, indicating substantial gene flow among populations and inhibiting genetic differentiation of local populations, although the South African population was somewhat isolated from others in the Southern Hemisphere. In contrast the data on the phylogeographic structure of K. sima were somewhat restrictive as the majority of the samples originated from South Africa. Nevertheless, both nucleotide and haplotype diversities were markedly lower than in K. breviceps and more similar to those for other small cetacean populations, suggesting a smaller population size for K. sima than for K. breviceps. Although both Kogia species belong to the medium to larger-sized odontocetes their life histories are located near the fast end of the slow-fast continuum of life histories of marine mammals, indicating high mortality rates. The “false-gill” marking and the ability to squirt ink are thought to reflect adaptations to predator mimicry and avoidance.
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Pinto, Robin Lothrop. "Cattle Grazing in the National Parks: Historical Development and History of Management in Three Southern Arizona Parks." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3625734.
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<p> This dissertation traces the history of cattle grazing at Saguaro NP, Organ Pipe Cactus NM and Fort Bowie NHS in southern Arizona. This collection of studies examines the factors affecting that use, the ranchers who made their living from the landscape, and the federal land managers responsible for sustaining the natural and cultural resources. </p><p> A dominant industry on arid public lands since the Civil War, grazing was altered by a variety of influences: environmental and human-derived. Ranching communities developed from homesteading settlements. Success was determined by climate, topography, and natural resources; social and cultural pressures; economic events and political legislation; and later federal regulations and decisions. </p><p> The first agency to oversee grazing, USFS was under constant pressure to maximize short-term human benefits. The NPS Organic Act of 1916 mandated conservation of natural resources "by such means as will leave them unimpaired for future generations" and yet approved cattle grazing, an extractive use, under USFS management. Park managers were frustrated by grazing practices not under their control. Parks were at a cultural and social disadvantage. Residents and politicians often expressed displeasure at park reservations; communities feared that parks would interfere with local industries. </p><p> Park employees supervised visitors and developed recreation infrastructure; they came with little experience to manage livestock. Lack of funding for research, limited manpower, and political and administrative interference allowed cattle grazing to continue unregulated for decades altering vegetation and enhancing erosion. In the 1960s, changing values from the environmental movement, the waning power of the livestock industry, and the rise of activist scientists impelled NPS to act. Without monitoring data, NPS turned to legal opinions to terminate grazing. </p><p> Now grazing is regulated and carefully monitored. NPS is mandated to incorporate research results into management decisions. Older grazing permits are being retired, but land acquisitions for park additions add new management challenges. Purchasing permits offers a new but financially limited opportunity to protect sensitive lands. Grazing has ended at all three parks, yet ecological changes and historic structures remain. As cultural and administrative legacies, those remnants offer opportunities to interpret a significant regional tradition and an untold controversy.</p>
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Waring, Gwendolyn Lee 1952. "THE NATURAL HISTORY AND ECOLOGY OF AN AGAVE WEEVIL, SCYPHOPHORUS ACUPUNCTATUS GYLLENHAL, AND OTHER ANIMALS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD AND CULTIVATED AGAVES IN SOUTHERN ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291296.
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Gess, Sarah Kathleen. "Ecology and natural history of the Masarid wasps of the world with an assessment of their role as pollinators in southern Africa (Hymenoptera : Vespoidea : Masaridae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005354.
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The worldwide knowledge of the ecology and natural history of the masarid wasps, those wasps which bee-like provision their nest cells with pollen and nectar, is synthesized and discussed putting into context the investigations concerning nesting and flower visiting by southern African masarids conducted by the present author. Masarids are found mostly to favour warm to hot areas with relatively low rainfall and open scrubby vegetation. At the generic level the masarids of the Nearctic, Neotropical and Australian regions are distinct from each other and from those of the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions combined. No species are shared between regions. Southern Africa is apparently the area of greatest species diversity. In this region, at least, there is a high incidence of narrow endemism. Masarids are associated with a relatively small range of plant families. Where sufficient records are available distinct major preferences are shown between zoogeographical regions. Relatedness of plant preferences between zoogeographical regions is apparent when relatedness of plant taxa is considered. Within a region there is marked overlap in masarid generic preferences for flower families. At the specific level there is marked oligolecty and narrow polylecty. The majority of nesting studies indicate that nest construction, egg laying and provisioning are performed by a single female per nest, however, nest sharing has been alledged for two species. No parasitic masarids have been recorded. Egg laying precedes provisioning. Mass provisioning is the rule. According to species, nests are sited in the ground, in non-friable soil or friable soil, in earthen vertical banks, on stones or on plants. Seven nest types are defined. Three bonding agents, water, nectar and self-generated silk are used. Masarids are evaluated as potential pollinators of their forage plants in southern Africa. The "masarid pollination syndrome", though less broad is shown to fall within that designated melittophily. The case studies considered make it clear that, whereas the masarids visiting some flower groups are members of a guild of potential pollinators, the masarids visiting others are probably their most important pollinators. Increasing land utilization is shown to threaten the existence of narrowly endmic masarid species.
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Chung, Ka-yin Gladys, and 鍾嘉賢. "Natural landscapes in the literary writings of the Eastern Jin (A.D. 316-420) and Liu Song (A.D. 420-479)Eras." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30085494.
Full textBooks on the topic "Natural history, southern hemisphere"
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Fossils, finches and Fuegians: Charles Darwin's adventures and discoveries on the Beagle, 1832-1836. HarperCollinsPublishers, 2003.
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Robertsen, R. P. Southern Apache County nature areas. Edited by Lucas Robert C. Red GK, 1999.
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Valentine, James. Southern Appalachian celebration. University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
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Museum, Otago, ed. Southern land, southern people: Otago Museum's Landmark Gallery. University of Otago Press, 2002.
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Atkin, Lara. Early Public Libraries and Colonial Citizenship in the British Southern Hemisphere. Springer Nature, 2019.
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Ancinec, G. Dennis. Natural history of southern California: A laboratory guide. Ginn Press, 1991.
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Club, Appalachian Mountain, ed. Nature walks in southern Vermont. Appalachian Mountain Club Books, 1995.
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Hallowell, Barbara G. Mountain year: A Southern Appalachian nature notebook. Jonh F. Blair, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Natural history, southern hemisphere"
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Beckmann, G., B. Klopries, H. Hämmerle, O. Inacker, and P. Smolka. "The Chemical History of the Atmosphere: Self-Organizing Processes and Biological Consequences." In Southern Hemisphere Paleo- and Neoclimates. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59694-0_5.
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Runge, Jürgen. "Environmental and Climatic History of the Eastern Kivu Area (D.R. Congo, ex Zaire) from 40 ka to the Present." In Southern Hemisphere Paleo- and Neoclimates. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59694-0_16.
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Anhuf, Dieter. "Vegetation History and Climate Changes in Africa North and South of the Equator (10° S to 10° N) During the Last Glacial Maximum." In Southern Hemisphere Paleo- and Neoclimates. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59694-0_15.
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Morris, Brian. "The Natural History of the Shire Highlands." In An Environmental History of Southern Malawi. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45258-6_2.
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Hodell, D. A., and P. F. Ciesielski. "Southern Ocean Response to the Intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation at 2.4 Ma." In Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2029-3_36.
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Ridhoi, Ronal. "Natural hazard of Southern Malang: Sitiardjo flash floods, 1932–1939." In Embracing New Perspectives in History, Social Sciences, and Education. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003295273-9.
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Mapani, Benjamin, Rosemary Shikangalah, Isaac Mapaure, and Aansbert Musimba. "Dichrostachys cinerea Growth Rings as Natural Archives for Climatic Variation in Namibia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_257.
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AbstractGlobal Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to forecast climate change in Southern Africa, and the evidence shows that the region is going to warm up by up to 2° by the year 2050. Namibia is one of the driest countries in Southern Africa and is at a high risk of becoming much drier than current situation by 57%. Very few studies have been carried out in Southern Africa to show actual impacts of climate change. Practical applicability of GCMs at a local spatial scale remains limited due to the coarse nature of the models. Hence, improvement of the GCMs must begin with better understanding of the local microclimates and how they respond to regional circulation patterns. In many regions of Southern Africa, the lack of potential tools to access old climatic records precludes the estimation of climate trends beyond 100 years. In spite of these impediments, there are areas with excellent tree species such as Dichrostachys cinerea that are able to be used as climatic archives for specific time periods. In this chapter, the study shows that the combination of tree ring chronologies and precipitation records is a powerful methodology in climate modeling in the southern hemisphere and reveals nuances that show climate change. The evaluation of data from tree rings coupled with precipitation trends reveals signals that show that climate has indeed been changing over the past ten decades and will have a negative impact on livelihoods. These data can now be used in predictive models that can be used to project future scenarios and assist policy makers and planners to see how climate will evolve in the next 50–60 years.
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Mapani, Benjamin, Rosemary Shikangalah, Isaac Mapaure, and Aansbert Musimba. "Dichrostachys cinerea Growth Rings as Natural Archives for Climatic Variation in Namibia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_257-1.
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AbstractGlobal Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to forecast climate change in Southern Africa, and the evidence shows that the region is going to warm up by up to 2° by the year 2050. Namibia is one of the driest countries in Southern Africa and is at a high risk of becoming much drier than current situation by 57%. Very few studies have been carried out in Southern Africa to show actual impacts of climate change. Practical applicability of GCMs at a local spatial scale remains limited due to the coarse nature of the models. Hence, improvement of the GCMs must begin with better understanding of the local microclimates and how they respond to regional circulation patterns. In many regions of Southern Africa, the lack of potential tools to access old climatic records precludes the estimation of climate trends beyond 100 years. In spite of these impediments, there are areas with excellent tree species such as Dichrostachys cinerea that are able to be used as climatic archives for specific time periods. In this chapter, the study shows that the combination of tree ring chronologies and precipitation records is a powerful methodology in climate modeling in the southern hemisphere and reveals nuances that show climate change. The evaluation of data from tree rings coupled with precipitation trends reveals signals that show that climate has indeed been changing over the past ten decades and will have a negative impact on livelihoods. These data can now be used in predictive models that can be used to project future scenarios and assist policy makers and planners to see how climate will evolve in the next 50–60 years.
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Mitchell, Matthew D., Johannes Els, and Marie Seraphim. "Fishes of the Emirates." In A Natural History of the Emirates. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37397-8_21.
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AbstractFishes are among the most diverse and abundant groups of animals in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and support fisheries that are second most important economic resource in the UAE, after oil. Most fishes are found in the coastal waters, and several species even live in the freshwater pools and streams up in the mountain wadis. Fishes are most abundant in the Gulf of Oman and gradually decline in both abundance and diversity passing through the Strait of Hormuz and towards the southwestern region of the Arabian Gulf, mirroring the increasingly extreme environmental conditions. As fish in the southern Gulf experience extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, that would kill fish from populations elsewhere in the world they are of great scientific value for understanding how fish and their communities might respond to climate change, with studies demonstrating the behavioural and physiological changes that result from these extreme conditions. Fishes in the Emirates are, however, heavily overfished and like fishes elsewhere vulnerable to climate change resulting in Arabian Gulf fish now being vulnerable to local extinction. While fisheries are now being managed to protect vulnerable species, further management is required to protect fish populations for future generations.
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John, David M. "Seaweeds of the Emirates." In A Natural History of the Emirates. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37397-8_10.
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AbstractSeaweeds, Cyanobacteria, seagrasses and mangroves are the principal inshore primary producers in the southern basin of the Arabian Gulf. Of these the seaweeds are by far the most diverse with about 120 species recorded from those Emirates bordering the region. Little is still known of the seaweed floras of the two Emirates within the Gulf of Oman (Fujairah, Sharjah). Briefly discussed are the very extensive cyanobacterial mats association with inshore sedimentary environments. Described are the bands of seaweeds, cyanobacteria and sessile animals that are a feature of the intertidal of rocky shores. Much consideration is given to the striking forest-like community that develops seasonally on shallow and often seaward sloping rocky platforms. Large foliose brown seaweeds are the canopy dominants of this community that develops rapidly over the months of lowest sea temperature (‘winter’). Many of these seaweeds decay and are lost during the early summer resulting in a striking transformation of the seascape when the understory of smaller mat/turf-forming and crustose coralline seaweeds becomes evident. Since the late 1990s there has been a ‘phase shift’ with seaweeds replacing stony corals as the spatial dominants on many rocky platforms. The ecological significance of the large biomass of dead and decaying seaweed produced in early summer is discussed. Briefly mentioned are seaweeds as providers of ecosystem services.
Conference papers on the topic "Natural history, southern hemisphere"
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Kutuzova, Anel. "History of the formation of the national meadow growing, modern achievements and prospects for its development in the 21st century." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production 29 (77). Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-29-77-9-20.
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The article highlights the brief history of domestic meadow farming, reveals the modern potential of scientific developments published in various publications, and also substantiates the current directions of further development for the intensification of animal husbandry. At the initial stage, much attention was paid to the geobotanical study of natural forage lands and available techniques for improvement. Currently, the country's meadow farmers have developed complete technologies that ensure the production of 3.5–5.0 thousand feed units from 1 hectare in the forest zone, with the participation of a coordinated network of institutes up to 6–8 thousand feed units/ha in the southern regions of the country during irrigation. The use of new zoned varieties of grasses in hayfields and pastures contributes to increasing the productivity of these lands, the quality of feed and the economic efficiency of improved technologies. For the scientific explanation of the results obtained, it is necessary to apply the agro-energy method of estimating anthropogenic costs and natural factors.
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Benea, Ciprian-Beniamin, Adina Sacara Onita, and Andra-Teodora Porumb. "Africa, Water and Climate Change." In 9th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2023.455.
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This paper aims to bring to the European audience the importance of connections between water and climate change on the African continent; even though this continent could be regarded as somewhere in the southern hemisphere, the globalized world we already live in proves the contrary. In fact, it is very close to us. As population dynamics will put higher pressures on available natural resources in Africa, the migratory pressure from that continent, which already is felt on the European continent, not only could bring social or political upheavals there, but it could complicate the socio-economic equilibrium closer to us. Furthermore, in the context of climate change, there are needed some measures to be taken in order to prevent such a scenario from taking place. And among other key resources, the most important, which is related to everything, is water; the way it would be used in Africa and how would it be distributed could make a difference.
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Fleischer, Friedrich, Heiko Hiemer, and Jürgen Mann. "Noise Level Evaluation for a Natural Gas Compressor Station Driven by Gas Turbines at the Planning Stage After Four Years of Operation." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-224.
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For a southern german gas turbine compressor station sound emission levels and noise control thereoff are evaluated based on authority specified immission levels. Project history, planning and operating experience is shown.
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Zeng, Jie, Yezhong Wang, Ke Chen, et al. "Lessons Learned from Specified Fracturing Design for Pilot Deep Shale Gas Wells with High Risk of Fracture Hits and Casing Deformation: A Successful Story in the Southern Sichuan Basin." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218760-ms.
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Abstract Over 65% of shale gas resources in the Sichuan Basin are stored in deep shale formations with a depth larger than 3500 m. Due to the complex tectonic deformations throughout the geological history, there are remarkable challenges for efficient stimulation of these reservoirs. First, the horizontal wells drilled from the same platform are usually penetrated by single large-scale natural fractures/faults, providing high risk of fracture hits. Secondly, natural fracture slip induces casing deformation, resulting in the failure of wellbore integrity and loss of potential fracturing stages. Thirdly, the high horizontal principal stress difference makes it difficult to create complex fracture networks, while the tractive effect makes hydraulic fracture propagates along large-scale natural fractures/faults, reducing fracture complexity. To overcome these challenges, specified fracturing strategies were designed and applied to different stages of seven pilot wells to evaluate their efficiency. The contribution of each stage is analyzed via production logging. For less naturally fractured stages, high-intensity fracturing (highest fluid pumping rate: 13.5~20.2 m3/min and sand loading value: 1.5~3.1 t/m) was applied to maximize stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). For some stages from different wells but penetrated and connected by a single large-scale natural fracture/fault, the stage in one well used the perforation-only strategy, while the adjacent wells’ stages utilized lower-intensity fracturing (highest fluid pumping rate: 14~16 m3/min and sand loading value: 1~2.1 t/m) to mitigate fracture hits. For all the stages in highly naturally fractured area (HNFA), longer-stage and more-cluster design (generally 80~100 m per stage with 8~12 clusters) was used to prevent casing deformation and reduce the cost. Moreover, in well E, two stages with high risk of fracture hits tested a novel fracture-hit-mitigation method involving temporary plugging of fracture tips of the SRV to control fracture propagation towards adjacent wells and initiate fracture branches to increase fracture complexity. All these strategies work synergistically to reduce casing deformation, mitigate cross-well communication, and create more complex fractures. No casing deformation and slight fracture hits (less than 5.6 MPa pressure rise of adjacent wells) were observed. Several perforation-only stages offer similar productivity compared with high-intensity fractured adjacent stages of the same well, indicating the success of the perforation-only strategy in HNFA. For the stages in different wells but penetrated by a single large-scale natural fracture/fault, lower-intensity fractured stages perform normally better than the perforation-only stages (1 to 1.55 times in productivity). The novel temporary-plugging-treated stage with low fracturing intensity even shows higher productivity compared with the adjacent high-intensity stimulated stage of the same well (1.53 times). Perforation-only stages should be sandwiched by lower-intensity fractured stages to reduce the cost and minimize fracture hits and casing deformation in HNFA.
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Sambuu, Anna, B. Mongush, and Sh Mongush. "NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DEGRADATION PROCESSES DESERTED STEPPES OF THE UBSUNUR BASIN." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1717.978-5-317-06490-7/240-244.
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Steppes in Tuva occupy intermountain basins with altitudes of 550-1200 m above sea level, the lower parts of mountain slopes, and high terraces of river valleys. Large massifs of steppes are typical for the Ulugh-Khem and Ubsunur basins. Studies to assess the state of soil and vegetation cover were conducted in the North-Eastern (Tuva) part of the drainless Ubsunur basin in July-August 1997-2020 using the route method. The location of the basin between the boreal landscapes of Siberia and the desert-steppe landscapes of Central Asia is characterized by a variety of landforms, heterogeneity of soil and vegetation cover, and a unique distribution of climatic factors and geological history. The source material was our own data from soil and geobotanical studies and remote materials from different observation periods. Observation data from different survey years were linked to the Landsat satellite image for July-August 1997-2019. Route studies were carried out on the main geomorphological profiles from the southern foothills of the Western and Eastern Tannu-Ola ranges to the coast of oz. Ubsa-Nur (from North to South). Reference soil sections were laid at key sites, morphological descriptions of soil profiles and horizon-based sampling were carried out. Soil samples were taken to determine the humus content, granulometric composition, size and nature of salinity-the main indicators of soil desertification. Observations also covered the Eastern and Western parts of the basin, which revealed the direction of degradation of desolate steppes in different geomorphological positions of the territory, but also with different nature and intensity of anthropogenic impact.
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Young, Sarah, Michael McClure, and Ursula Emery McClure. "GATOR House: A Typology of Resilience." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.43.
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In the modern era, most buildings in southern Louisiana’s wet, hot, humid, and often volatile climate seek to resist the extreme conditions by creating a presumed impenetrable barrier. Since the advent of HVAC, levees, dams, and surge barriers, a construction culture of resistance has permeated the built environment. This has proven less than resilient and has resulted in billions of dollars in remediation and billions more tons of construction debris. Historically, buildings in this subtropical area were forced to employ every manner of passive systems to mediate their physical environment to the greatest extent possible. The GATOR house resists the false choices of historical vs. modern, man vs. nature, active vs. passive, and celebrates the complex interaction of the built, natural, and cultural systems of southern Louisiana. Geography is the description of how the signs of history have become forms, therefore the architectural project is charged with the task of revealing the essence of the geo-environmental context through the transformation of form. The environment is therefore not a system in which to dissolve architecture. On the contrary, it is the most important material from which to develop the project. - Vittorio Gregotti 1
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Pinho, Luciana. "Processo de crescimento urbano-turístico: estudo do balneário Meia Praia, no município de Itapema." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5898.
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Itapema localiza-se no litoral do Estado de Santa Catarina, no sul do Brasil, e sua história aponta para uma
 forte dinâmica urbana e crescente valorização turística. Este processo foi particularmente marcante no
 Balneário de Meia Praia, hoje caracterizada por grande densidade construtiva, verticalização e ocupação
 sazonal. Visando desvelar este processo, o presente trabalho estudou e reconheceu as formas de
 crescimento urbano em curso, a estrutura espacial do Balneário de Meia Praia e as relações ecológicas
 estabelecidas entre a ocupação antrópica e os ecossistemas naturais. Para tal, foi realizada análise
 evolutiva do seu traçado urbano e do modo como vem impactando as estruturas naturais. Ressaltando a
 relevância daqueles elementos mais permanentes, que subsistem apesar da intensidade e velocidade das
 transformações em curso, o trabalho aponta fortes indicativos para o planejamento urbano e ambiental, no
 sentido da construção de um futuro de cidade qualificada. Itapema is located on the coast of the State of Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil, and its history points to a strong urban dynamic and growing tourist valorization. This process was particularly striking in Balneario de Meia Praia today characterized by densely constructive, vertical and seasonal occupation. Aiming to uncover 
 this process, this paper studied and recognized forms of urban growth under way, the spatial structure of the Balneario de Meia Praia and ecological relationships established between human occupation and natural ecosystems. To this end, we analyzed the evolutionary of its urban layout and how it comes impacting on the natural structures. Underscoring the importance of those elements more permanent, which persist 
 despite the intensity and speed of the changes ongoing, the study points to strong recommendations to an urban and environmental planning, towards building a future of a qualified city.
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Swanson, Jessica M., Tom Kunicky, and Pete Poohkay. "Environmental Considerations for Pipeline Abandonment: A Case Study From Abandonment of a Southern Alberta Pipeline." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31669.
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Since the 1920s, over 400,000 km of petroleum pipelines have been installed in Alberta. Pipeline abandonment is an increasingly relevant issue as the pipeline network ages. The full or partial abandonment of pipeline systems is necessitated by factors such as wind or water erosion issues, pipeline integrity issues, changes in source supply and customer demand, urban development encroachment and regulatory requirements. Pipeline abandonment-in-place is generally the preferred option based on the technical condition and environmental sustainability of the pipeline, however, in some cases pipeline removal or partial removal cannot be avoided. In all cases, the planning process for abandonment includes technical evaluation, risk assessment, environmental assessment, landowner consultation and/or evaluation of future land use. Abandonment plans must also include environmental protection measures to be implemented during the removal of any pipeline segment and consideration of the post-abandonment implications of any pipeline left in place. These measures include topsoil conservation, erosion/sediment control and reclamation. This paper discusses environmental protection measures for pipeline abandonment, using issues faced during abandonment of one of the oldest natural gas pipelines in Alberta as a case study. Challenges faced during this project included gathering of appropriate historical information including leak history and maintenance records, removal of all aboveground facilities, accommodations for future land use plans including road development and measures taken to minimize the risk of the abandoned pipeline becoming a water conduit. In addition, the paper will discuss the extensive planning and construction effort required to undertake pipeline abandonment at several fish-bearing watercourse crossings, where pipeline exposures during high water events necessitated pipeline removal. A primary objective in the planning and the removal of the abandoned pipeline was minimal disturbance of the land.
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Madi, Jamal A., and Elhadi M. Belhadj. "Unconventional Shale Play in Oman: Preliminary Assessment of the Shale Oil / Shale Gas Potential of the Silurian Hot Shale of the Southern Rub al-Khali Basin." In SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-172966-ms.
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Abstract Oman's petroleum systems are related to four known source rocks: the Precambrian-Lower Cambrian Huqf, the Lower Silurian Sahmah, the Late Jurassic Shuaiba-Tuwaiq and the Cretaceous Natih. The Huqf and the Natih have sourced almost all the discovered fields in the country. This study examines the shale-gas and shale-oil potential of the Lower Silurian Sahmah in the Omani side of the Rub al Khali basin along the Saudi border. The prospective area exceeds 12,000 square miles (31,300 km2). The Silurian hot shale at the base of the Sahmah shale is equivalent to the known world-class source rock, widespread throughout North Africa (Tannezouft) and the Arabian Peninsula (Sahmah/Qusaiba). Both thickness and thermal maturities increase northward toward Saudi Arabia, with an apparent depocentre extending southward into Oman Block 36 where the hot shale is up to 55 m thick and reached 1.4% vitrinite reflectance (in Burkanah-1 and ATA-1 wells). The present-day measured TOC and estimated from log signatures range from 0.8 to 9%. 1D thermal modeling and burial history of the Sahmah source rock in some wells indicate that, depending on the used kinetics, hydrocarbon generation/expulsion began from the Early Jurassic (ca 160 M.a.b.p) to Cretaceous. Shale oil/gas resource density estimates, particularly in countries and plays outside North America remain highly uncertain, due to the lack of geochemical data, the lack of history of shale oil/gas production, and the valuation method undertaken. Based on available geological and geochemical data, we applied both Jarvie (2007) and Talukdar (2010) methods for the resource estimation of: (1) the amount of hydrocarbon generated and expelled into conventional reservoirs and (2) the amount of hydrocarbon retained within the Silurian hot shale. Preliminary results show that the hydrocarbon potential is distributed equally between wet natural gas and oil within an area of 11,000 square mile. The Silurian Sahmah shale has generated and expelled (and/or partly lost) about 116.8 billion of oil and 275.6 TCF of gas. Likewise, our estimates indicate that 56 billion of oil and 273.4 TCF of gas are potentially retained within the Sahmah source rock, making this interval a future unconventional resource play. The average calculated retained oil and gas yields are estimated to be 6 MMbbl/mi2 (or 117 bbl oil/ac-ft) and 25.3 bcf/mi2 (or 403 mcf gas/ac-ft) respectively. To better compare our estimates with Advanced Resources International (EIA/ARI) studies on several Silurian shale plays, we also carried out estimates based on the volumetric method. The total oil in-place is 50.2 billion barrels, while the total gas in-place is 107.6 TCF. The average oil and gas yield is respectively 7 MMbbl/mi2 and 15.5 bcf/mi2. Our findings, in term of oil and gas concentration, are in line or often smaller than all the shale oil/gas plays assessed by EIA/ARI and others.
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Navarro Luengo, Ildefonso, Adrián Suárez Bedmar, and Pedro Martín Parrado. "El castillo de San Luis (Estepona Málaga): Origen y evolución de una fortificación abaluartada. Siglos XVI-XXI." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11552.
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The castle of San Luis (Estepona Málaga): Origin and evolution of a bastion fort. Sixteenth to twenty-first centuriesThe results of the investigation prior to the excavation work in the Castle of San Luis, in Estepona (Málaga, Spain) are presented. It is a coastal fortress built in the last quarter of the sixteenth century, in the context of the reorganisation of the defense of the western coast of Malaga after the Moorish rebellion of 1568. After analysing the available literature, we propose that it was designed by the Engineer Juan Ambrosio Malgrá, Maestro Mayor de obras del Reino de Granada. The Castle of San Luis is devised as an add-on construction on the southern front of the walls of Islamic origin, dominating the natural anchorage of the Rada beach. Its most prominent elements are three bastions, two of them with casemates, and a large main square. However, various defects in the design and execution of the works, added to the insufficient provision of artillery and garrison, affected the effectiveness of the fortification throughout its history. In the middle of the eighteenth century, part of the Castle of San Luis is restructured as a cannons’ battery. Following the damage caused by the Lisbon Earthquake, in 1755, and by the French and English blastings in 1812, during the second half of the nineteenth century much of the castle disappears, leaving only the cannons’ battery, which is incorporated as a courtyard in height as an add-on to a house built at the end of the nineteenth century. At present, after several decades of abandonment, excavation works have been undertaken on the remains of the battery, after which the site will be prepared to be used as a museum.
Reports on the topic "Natural history, southern hemisphere"
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Funderburk, Brianna, and Lucas J. Misera. The Impact of Natural Disasters on Small Businesses. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55350/sbcs-20221115.
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The 2021 Small Business Credit Survey (SBCS) found that 1 in 10 small employer businesses suffered losses from a natural disaster during the prior 12 months. According to the National Centers for Environmental Information, the United States experienced 20 billion-dollar natural disasters in 2021, making it one of the costliest years in recent history. Major events included Hurricane Ida, the historic cold wave in Texas and other southern states, and the destructive wildfire season in the West. To more deeply explore the impact of these and other natural disasters on small businesses, the SBCS includes a module of natural disaster-related questions for affected firms. This fact sheet outlines some of the major findings from the 2021 SBCS for employer firms with respect to natural disaster impact.
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Manioli, Julia, Patrick Pikacha, and Brian Weeks. Tetepare: Community Conservation in Melanesia. American Museum of Natural History, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0019.
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Tetepare, an island in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands, is the largest uninhabited tropical island in the Southern Hemisphere. Tetepare has a largely intact wilderness, with remarkable biodiversity of globally significant conservation importance. This case study explores the biodiversity of Tetepare and efforts to maintain Tetepare as “the last wild island.” In response to threats by the extractive logging industry, the landowners of the island – Solomon Islanders descended from Tetepare’s original inhabitants - formed what is today known as the Tetepare Descendants’ Association (TDA), an organization that manages and conserves the island and its resources. TDA members receive benefits through a community conservation agreement (CCA): in return for conserving the land and rejecting all commercial exploitative industries, members receive benefits including scholarships, sustainable livelihood development, and employment opportunities. Tetepare’s conservation serves as an example of landowners successfully leveraging their natural inheritance to sustainably meet the economic needs of their communities without sacrificing the natural heritage of future generations.
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, et al. Oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea processionea (L.). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228704.
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The oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea>) is native to Central and Southern Europe and has been spreading to Northern Europe, including Southern England since 2006. The larvae feed on various oak species (Quercus spp.), contributing to oak decline and causing significant health issues for humans and pets due to their urticating hairs. There is no history of classical biological control for this pest, but several promising natural enemies exist. The most promising natural enemies include the larval parasitoids Carcelia iliaca and Pales processioneae, which are specific to Thaumetopoea spp. and have been dominant in Germany and the Netherlands, with C. iliaca also found in invasive UK populations. The egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus masii is noted in Italy but seems less significant than other polyphagous species, such as Anastatus bifasciatus and Trichogramma spp. Pimpla processioneae and other Pimpla species are frequently found parasitizing pupae, with P. processioneae being the most specific. Other natural enemies such as A. bifasciatus, the larval parasitoid Meteorus versicolor, and various tachinid parasitoids are abundant but too polyphagous for classical biological control programs.
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KellerLynn, Katie. Redwood National and State Parks: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287676.
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Comprehensive park management to fulfill the NPS mission requires an accurate inventory of the geologic features of a park unit, but Comprehensive park management to fulfill the NPS mission requires an accurate inventory of the geologic features of a park unit, but park managers may not have the needed information, geologic expertise, or means to complete such an undertaking; therefore, the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) provides information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in the GRI report may also be useful for interpretation. park managers may not have the needed information, geologic expertise, or means to complete such an undertaking; therefore, the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) provides information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in the GRI report may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting for Redwood National and State Parks (referred to as the “parks” throughout this report) held in 2004 and a follow-up conference call in 2019. Two GRI–compiled GIS data sets of the geology and geohazards of the parks are the principal deliverables of the GRI. The GRI GIS data are available on the GRI publications website http://go.nps.gov/gripubs and through the NPS Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) portal https://irma.nps.gov/App/Portal/Home. Enter “GRI” as the search text and select a park from the unit list. Writing of this report was based on those data and the interpretations of the source map authors (see “GRI Products” and “Acknowledgements”). A geologic map poster illustrates the geology GRI GIS data set and serves as a primary figure for this GRI report. No poster was prepared for the geohazards GRI GIS data set. Additionally, figure 7 of this report illustrates the locations of the major geologic features in the parks. Unlike the poster, which is divided into a northern and southern portion to show detail while accommodating the parks’ length, figure 7 is a single-page, simplified map. The features labeled on figure 7 are discussed in the “Geologic History, Features, and Processes” chapter. To provide a context of geologic time, this report includes a geologic time scale (see "Geologic History, Features, and Processes"). The parks’ geologic story encompasses 200 million years, starting in the Jurassic Period. Following geologic practice, the time scale is set up like a stratigraphic column, with the oldest units at the bottom and the youngest units at the top. Organized in this manner, the geologic time scale table shows the relative ages of the rock units that underlie the parks and the unconsolidated deposits that lie at the surface. Reading the “Geologic Event” column in the table, from bottom to top, will provide a chronologic order of the parks’ geologic history. The time scale includes only the map units within the parks that also appear on the geologic map poster; that is, map units of the geohazards data are not included. Geology is a complex science with many specialized terms. This report provides definitions of geologic terms at first mention, typically in parentheses following the term. Geologic units in the GRI GIS data are referenced in this report using map unit symbols; for example, map unit KJfrc stands for the Cretaceous (K) and Jurassic (J) Franciscan Complex (f), Redwood Creek schist (rc), which underlies a portion of the Redwood Creek watershed (see “GRI Products”).
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Saillant, Eric, Jason Lemus, and James Franks. Culture of Lobotes surinamensis (Tripletail). Mississippi Department of Marine Resources, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/ose.001.
Full textAbstract:
The Tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis, is a pelagic fish found in tropical and sub-tropical waters of all oceans. Tripletails are often associated with floating debris and make frequent incursions in bays and estuaries where they are targeted by recreational fishermen. In Mississippi waters the species is typically present during the late spring and summer season that also correspond to the period of sexual maturation and spawning (Brown-Peterson and Franks 2001). Tripletail is appreciated as a gamefish but is also prized for its flesh of superior quality. The fast growth rate of juveniles in captivity documented by Franks et al. (2001) and the excellent quality of Tripletail flesh both contribute to the potential of this species for marine aquaculture. In addition, the production of cultured juveniles would be precious to develop a better understanding of the biology, early life history and habitat use of Tripletail larvae and juveniles, a topic largely undocumented to date, through experimental releases and controlled studies. The culture of tripletail thus supports the Tidelands Trust Fund Program through improved conservation of natural resources, potential enhancement of fisheries productivity and potential development of a new economic activity on the Gulf coast producing tripletail via aquaculture. The Objective of this project was to initiate development of methods and techniques needed to spawn captive held tripletail broodfish and raise their offspring to evaluate their growth and development in captivity. In this report we will present the results of studies aiming to develop methods and protocols for captive spawning of tripletail and the first data obtained on the early development of tripletail larvae. A major issue that was encountered with tripletail broodstock development during the project lied in the difficulties associated with identifying the sex of adults caught in the wild and candidates for being incorporated in mating sets for spawning. This issue was addressed during the course of the project by examining the potential of a non-lethal method of hormonal sexing. The results of these preliminary investigations are presented in the third part of this report. All protocols used in the project were determined with the guidance of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the University of Southern Mississippi (USM IACUC protocol number 10100108).
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Transboundary Water Resources Management and the Potential for Integrated Water Resources Management. American Museum of Natural History, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0015.
Full textAbstract:
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is an evolving concept used to address the difficult issues associated with making efficient and effective use of the world’s limited water resources. IWRM differs by country due to geography, culture, and stage of development, but generally involves the management of all water resources taking into account other natural resource management, as well as social, economic, environmental and technical issues. A significant issue in water management is the need for cooperation among nations sharing transboundary waters that may have different usage requirements. We look at the history, progress, and challenges in implementing IWRM in the management of transboundary water resources in three case studies: the Rhine River (Europe), the Mekong River (Southeast Asia), and the Zambezi River (Southern Africa).