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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural history - Study and teaching'
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Hougland, Uchwat Gail Ann. "Natural history of the saguaro." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1466.
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Hope-King, Lizabeth Ann. "Natural history of Hesperoyucca whipplei." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2991.
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Explores many aspects of the Hesperoyucca whipplei (formerly known as Yucca whipplei), a type of chaparral plant that grows in arid regions of Southern California. Five of the subspecies of H. whipplei are individually described and discussed. Its relationship with its pollinator, Tegeticula maculata, is traced and documented throughout the process of a reproductive season. The project examines the historic uses of H. whipplei by the Native Americans as well as its current uses in the modern world. It includes field study lessons and Hesperoyucca recipes.
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Leslie, Susan Stansbury. "Selecting wildlife and environmental education programs for adult organizations in an urban area." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063225/.
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Colborn, Robert Maurice. "Manilius on the nature of the Universe : a study of the natural-philosophical teaching of the Astronomica." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:481db8c5-4a3b-42ff-b301-eafc3e2f9ad8.
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The thesis has two aims. The first is to show that a more charitable approach to Manilius, such as Lucretian scholarship has exhibited in recent decades, yields a wealth of exciting discoveries that earlier scholarship has not thought to look for. The thesis' contributions to this project centre on three aspects of the poem: (I) the sophistication of its didactic techniques, which draw and build on various predecessors in the tradition of didactic poetry; (II) its cosmological, physical and theological basis, which has no exact parallel elsewhere in either astrology or natural philosophy, and despite clear debts to various traditions, is demonstrably the invention of our poet; (III) the extent to which rationales and physical bases are offered for points of astrological theory – something unparalleled in other astrological texts until Ptolemy. The second, related aim of the thesis is to offer a more satisfying interpretation of the poem as a whole than those that have hitherto been put forward. Again the cue comes from Lucretius: though the DRN is at first sight primarily an exposition of Epicurean physics, it becomes clear that its principal concern is ethical, steering its reader away from superstition, the fear of death and other damaging thought-patterns. Likewise, the Astronomica makes the best sense when its principal message is taken to be not the set of astrological statements that make up its bulk, but the poem’s peculiar world- view, for which those statements serve as an evidential basis. It is, on this reading, just as much a poem ‘on the nature of the universe', which provides the title of my thesis. At the same time, however, it finds new truth in the conventional assumption that Manilius is first and foremost an advocate of astrology: it reveals his efforts to defend astrology at all costs, uncovers strategies for making the reader more amenable to further astrological study and practice, and contends that someone with Manilius' set of beliefs must first have been a devotee of astrology before embracing a natural- philosophical perspective such as his. The thesis is divided into prolegomena and commentaries, which pursue the aims presented above in two different but complementary ways. The prolegomena comprise five chapters, outlined below: Chapter 1 presents a comprehensive survey of the evidence for the cosmology, physics and theology of the Astronomica, and discovers that a coherent and carefully thought-out world-view underlies the poem. It suggests that this Stoicising world- view is drawn exclusively from a few philosophical works of Cicero, but is nonetheless the product of careful synthesis. Chapter 2 explores the relationship between this world-view and earlier Academic criticism of astrology and concludes that the former has been developed as a direct response to these criticisms, specifically as set out in Cicero’s De divinatione. Chapter 3 examines the later impact of Manilius’ astrological world-view, as far as it can be detected, assessing the evidence for the early reception of his poem and its role in the history of philosophical astrology. The overwhelming impression is that the work was received as a serious contribution to debate over the physical and theological underpinnings of astrology; its world-view was absorbed into the mainstream of astrological theory and directly targeted in the next wave of Academic criticism of astrology. Chapter 4 looks at the more subtle strategies of persuasion that are at work in the Astronomica. It observes, first, a number of structural devices and word- patternings that set up the poem as a model of the universe it describes. This first part of the chapter concludes by asking what didactic and/or philosophical purpose such modelling could serve. The second part examines how, by a gradual process of habituation-through-metaphor, the reader is made familiar with the conventional astrological way of thinking about the world, which might otherwise have struck him as a baffling mass of contradictions. The third part looks at the use of certain rhetorical figures, particularly paradox, to re-emphasise important physical claims and assist the process of habituation. Chapter 5 takes on the task of making sense of the Astronomica as a whole, seeking out an underlying rationale behind the choice and ordering of material, accounting as well as is possible for its apparently premature end, and asking why, if it is a serious piece of natural-philosophical teaching, it so often appears to be self- undermining. A short epilogue asks what path can have led Manilius to embark on such a work as the Astronomica. It offers a sketch of the author as an adherent (but not a practitioner) of astrology, who had developed a philosophical system first as scaffolding for an art under threat, but had then come to see more importance in that philosophical underpinning than in the activities of prediction. The lemmatised commentaries that follow cover several passages from the first book of the Astronomica. As crucial as the remaining four books are to his natural-philosophical teaching, it is in this part of the poem that Manilius concentrates the direct expositions of his world-view. Like the chapters, the commentaries' two concerns are the nature and the exposition of the work's world-view. Each of the commentaries has its own focus, but all make full use of the format to tease out the poet's teaching strategies and watch his techniques operate 'in real time' over protracted stretches of text. Finally, an appendix presents the case for the Astronomica as the earliest evidence for the use of plane-image star maps. At two points in his tour of the night sky Manilius describes the positions of constellations in a way that suggests that he is consulting a stereographic projection of each hemisphere, and that he is assuming his reader has one to hand, too. This observation casts valuable new light on the development of celestial cartography.
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Kearns, Lorraine D. "Revitalization of the Valley of Enchantment Elementary School Nature Center, an on-site learning facility." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/620.
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Hart, Hilary 1969. "Sentimental spectacles : the sentimental novel, natural language, and early film performance." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/297.
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Advisor: Mary E. Wood.
xii, 181 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. Print copy also available for check out and consultation in the University of Oregon's library under the call number: PS374.S714 H37 2004.The nineteenth-century American sentimental novel has only in the last twenty years received consideration from the academy as a legitimate literary tradition. During that time feminist scholars have argued that sentimental novels performed important cultural work and represent an important literary tradition. This dissertation contributes to the scholarship by placing the sentimental novel within a larger context of intellectual history as a tradition that draws upon theoretical sources and is a source itself for later cultural developments. In examining a variety of sentimental novels, I establish the moral sense philosophy as the theoretical basis of the sentimental novel's pathetic appeals and its theories of sociability and justice. The dissertation also addresses the aesthetic features of the sentimental novel and demonstrates again the tradition's connection to moral sense philosophy but within the context of the American elocution revolution. I look at natural language theory to render more legible the moments of emotional spectacle that are the signature of sentimental aesthetics. The second half of the dissertation demonstrates a connection between the sentimental novel and silent film. Both mediums rely on a common aesthetic storehouse for signifying emotions. The last two chapters of the dissertation compare silent film performance with emotional displays in the sentimental novel and in elocution and acting manuals. I also demonstrate that the films of D. W. Griffith, especially The Birth of a Nation, draw upon on the larger conventions of the sentimental novel.
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Martell, David D. "Developing a guidebook for an outdoor classroom." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/36.
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Madison, Sotera. "NatureScope workshop handbook for facilitators." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/788.
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Ruppel, Darrell. "The Heaps Peak Arboretum environmental unit." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/793.
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Pecore, John L. "A Case Study of Secondary Teachers Facilitating a Historical Problem-Based Learning Instructional Unit." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/52.
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Current curriculum trends promote inquiry-based student-centered strategies as a way to foster critical thinking and learning. Problem-based learning (PBL), a type of inquiry focusing on an issue or “problem,” is an instructional approach taught on the basis that science reform efforts increase scientific literacy. PBL is a constructivist approach to learning real life problems where understanding is a function of content, context, experiences, and learner goals; historical PBL situates the lesson in a historical context and provides opportunities for teaching NOS concepts. While much research exists on the benefits of historical PBL to student learning in general, more research is warranted on how teachers implement PBL in the secondary science curriculum. The purpose of this study was to examine the classroom-learning environment of four science teachers implementing a historical PBL instructional unit to identify the teachers’ understandings, successes and obstacles. By identifying teachers’ possible achievements and barriers with implementing a constructivist philosophy when executing historical PBL, educators and curriculum designers may improve alignment of the learning environment to constructivist principles. A qualitative interpretive case study guided this research study. The four participants of this study were purposefully and conveniently selected from biology teachers with at least three years of teaching experience, degrees in education, State Licensure, and completion of a PBL workshop. Data collection consisted of pre and post questionnaires, structured interviews, a card sort activity in which participants categorized instructional outcomes, and participant observations. Results indicated that the four teachers assimilated reform-based constructivist practices to fit within their preexisting routines and highlighted the importance of incorporating teachers’ current systems into reform-based teacher instruction. While participating teachers addressed a few NOS tenets, emphasizing the full range of possible NOS objectives included in historical PBL is warranted. This study also revealed the importance of creating a collaborative classroom culture and building positive student-teacher relationships when implementing PBL instruction. The four teachers agreed that the historical PBL instructional unit provided a context for learning state standards, and they positively viewed their experiences teaching the lesson. Thus findings from this study suggest that teaching science in a historical context using PBL can be effective.
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Silva, Sorái Vaz da. "Potencialidades de um curso de formação continuada para a construção de conhecimentos e formação de conceitos em ciências naturais." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2897.
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Produto: Curso de formação continuada ciências naturais nos anos iniciais...Um ensino de Ciências Naturais que contemple a construção de conhecimento e a formação de conceitos está diretamente relacionado a práxis pedagógica dos professores. Assim, a formação do professor precisa ser revista, repensada, ou a escola será esvaziada da sua função social que é a construção e ressignificação do conhecimento historicamente produzido. Como aporte teórico escolheu-se Vygotsky, Piaget e Vergnaud, sendo que os três teóricos discutem a formação de conceitos, estendendo-se a formação de conceitos às Ciências Naturais, voltada para os anos iniciais. Em decorrência desta preocupação, o estudo objetiva analisar as potencialidades de um curso de formação continuada para a construção de conhecimentos científicos e a formação de conceitos com professores que ministram aulas de Ciências nos anos iniciais. A pesquisa transcorreu em duas etapas. Inicialmente foi aplicado um questionário para 40 professores que ministram aulas de Ciências nos anos iniciais na rede municipal do município de Quatro Barras-PR, visando um levantamento sobre como os professores entendem algumas teorias sobre a formação de conceitos. A segunda etapa envolveu a elaboração de um Blog e o desenvolvimento de um curso de formação continuada, composto de módulos integrados para dez professores voluntários. Durante o desenvolvimento do curso de 40 horas constitui-se o corpus da pesquisa, composto de questionário inicial, gravação da prática social inicial e final durante os módulos integrados, elaboração de diário de bordo e realização de entrevista final. Após a coleta de todo o material foi realizada uma leitura flutuante com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin e foram definidas duas categorias e seis indicadores para a presente pesquisa: a categoria A “formação para docência em Ciências Naturais” e a categoria B “ação docente que vise a construção de conhecimentos e a formação de conceitos em Ciências Naturais”. Com base nos indicadores dessas categorias e as contribuições dos professores, com vistas a construir conhecimentos e formar conceitos, o curso de formação continuada demonstrou ser positivo, havendo a tomada de consciência, por parte dos cursistas, acerca da necessidade de se preparar para a ação docente, bem como se mostrou produtiva no sentido de contribuir para a construção dos conhecimentos em Ciências Naturais. Experienciaram a utilização da Pedagogia Histórico Crítica como ação docente com foco a vincular os saberes escolares à realidade. Tomando por base a fundamentação teórica, desde que os professores sejam preparados para uma ação docente efetiva, conclui-se que é possível a construção de conhecimentos e a formação de conceitos em Ciências Naturais nos anos iniciais indo além da reprodução mnemônica, promovendo a alfabetização científica que habilita o aluno a atuar no seu entorno.
A teaching of Natural Sciences that meditates to the knowledge construction and formation of concepts is straightly connected the pedagogic praxis of the teachers for the initial years, soon the formation of the teacher needs to be revised, rethought, or the school will be emptied of his social function that is the construction and reconstruction of the historically produced knowledge. Like a support reference Vygotsky, Piaget and Vergnaud, were chosen that theoreticians discuss the formation of concepts, when the concepts formation is stretching out to the Natural Sciences, turned for the initial years. Because of this concern, the lifted problem was what would be the potentialities of a course of formation continued in the construction of Scientific Concepts with teachers who teaches classrooms of Sciences in the initial years. The inquiry elapsed in two stages. Initially a questionnaire was applied for 40 teachers who administer classrooms of sciences in the initial years in the municipal net in the Quatro Barras City, aiming at a survey on how teachers understand some theories about concept formation. The second stage wrapped the projection of the course and of the blog and the development of the course of formation continued for ten volunteer teachers. During the development of the course of 40 hours it was collected the Corpus of the inquiry, been composed of carving of the integrated modules, preparation of log book and realization of final interview. After the collection of the whole material was carried out a floating reading on basis of the analysis of content of Bardin and the indicators were defined for the present inquiry. After collecting all the material was performed a floating reading based on content analysis of Bardin and were defined two categories and six indicators for this research: the category A “formation for teaching in Natural Sciences” and the category B “teaching action aimed at the construction of concepts in the Natural Sciences”. On the basis of indicators of these categories, the contributions of the continuing training, with a view to build knowledge and to form concepts, proved to be positive and taken of awareness on the part of teachers the need to prepare for teaching activities, as well as proved productive in the sense of contributing to the construction of knowledge in the natural sciences. They experienced the use of Historical-critical Pedagogy as teaching activities with focus to bind the school knowledge to reality. Supported in the theoretical grounds, provided that the teachers are prepared for an action effective, it is concluded that it is possible the construction of knowledge and the formation of concepts in Natural Sciences in the initial years going beyond the mnemonic reproduction, promoting scientific literacy that enables the student to act in its surroundings.
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Thiaw, Mame. "Problématique de l'affirmation de la baisse du niveau scientifique et de la relation entre connaissances déclaratives et résolution de problèmes: les représentations spontanées de la démarche scientifique chez les élèves. Etude de cas dans l'enseignement de la biologie au Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211745.
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Chang, Sheng-Po Grabill Joseph L. "Teaching American history in Taiwan from an environmental point of view." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9914565.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1998.Title from title page screen, viewed July 10, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Joseph L. Grabill (chair), Frederick D. Drake, Lawrence W. McBride. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-185) and abstract. Also available in print.
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House, Nancy Ellen. "Teaching art history to adult students: A teaching model and pilot study /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943341526939.
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Farhanieh, Iman. "A Study in History Teaching Using Serious Games." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12948.
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The goal of this study is to observe if having more interactivity and media richness in teaching will lead to more meaningful learning and remembering information longer, compared to more traditional teaching such as books and slideshow presentations. It has been revealed that using multimedia tools such as video games, which use different cognitive load-reducing methods, can help the learner use less irrelevant cognitive process. This will lead to more cognitive load being assigned to more relevant materials. Two groups of participants were compared to each other, where one group was asked to play a video game containing historical information about the city of Skövde, while the second group was presented with a slideshow containing the historical information but only as simple text. The results from the experiment suggested that there is a significant difference between the two groups, meaning the participants who were asked to play the video game has less difficulty in recalling information after 7 days compared to the group who only read the slideshow presentation.
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Butterfield, Alexandra. "Employing metacognitive procedures in Natural Science teaching." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20212.
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Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Education, both in South Africa and internationally, experiences a number of challenges with regards to the need for improved teaching and learning. South African education is in a state of transformation to address the country's educational needs. In science education specifically, there is a heightened necessity to develop teaching that will respond to distinctive educational needs in the sciences. Many of the educational issues, presented in current literature, are mirrored in my Natural Sciences classroom. Given the benefits of enhanced metacognition for effective learning, this study aimed to investigate the use of metacognitive instruction procedures to improve my Natural Sciences teaching practice. Consequently, it also aimed to explore the influence that this may have on the metacognitive development of my Grade 9 Natural Sciences learners. This research study was based on a social constructivist perspective that views learning as a unique, internalized construction of knowledge from a social interaction, such as teaching. This study was embedded within a paradigm of praxis, with a qualitative action research cycle forming the research methodology and design respectively. Purposeful sampling was used to select nine of my Grade 9 Natural Sciences learners to act as informants for the Grade 9 class. Data was collected in the form of learner reflections, an open-ended questionnaire, a focus-group interview, and a research journal. Furthermore, the data was analysed, using a theoretically founded coding scheme, to identify and interpret significant themes and/or trends. The research findings indicated that the employed metacognitively orientated teaching procedures enhanced my Grade 9 Natural Sciences learners' metacognition. Their metacognitive awareness and reflection abilities improved, as well as their knowledge and regulation of cognition. The teaching techniques also demonstrated the potential to facilitate the development of my learners' conscious thinking, self-discipline, responsibility and active participation in learning - all characteristics envisaged for the ideal South Africa learner. In addition to this, the research process demonstrated the ability to enhance my Natural Sciences teaching practice and the information gained from this study will be used to inform my future teaching practice. I now realise the value of incorporating metacognitive teaching procedures into my lessons, as well as the importance of reflecting on my teaching process and considering the uniqueness of each learner in my class. Additionally, teacher training institutes and educational policy makers may benefit from the information gained from this study, for improving teaching practice. Apart from this, findings attained from this study have the potential to inform future cycles of this action research process or alternatively to be used for other research within the field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onderwys, beide in Suid-Afrika en internasionaal, ervaar 'n aantal uitdagings rakende die behoefte aan verbeterde onderrig en leer. Die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysstelsel is tans in 'n staat van transformasie om die land se opvoedkundige behoeftes aan te spreek. In die wetenskap-onderwys spesifiek, is daar 'n toenemende noodsaaklikheid om onderrig te ontwikkel wat die unieke onderwysbehoeftes in die wetenskappe kan aanspreek. Baie van die opvoedkundige kwessies soos in huidige literatuur uitgelig, is ook in my Natuurwetenskappe-klaskamer teenwoordig. Gegee die bewese voordele van verbeterde metakognisie vir effektiewe leer, het hierdie navorsingstudie gepoog om die gebruik van metakognitiewe onderrigprosedures vir die verbetering van my Natuurwetenskappe-onderrigpraktyk te ondersoek. Die studie was ook daarop gemik om die invloed van metakognitiewe onderrigprosedures op die metakognitiewe ontwikkeling van my Graad 9 Natuurwetenskappe-leerders, na te vors. Hierdie navorsingstudie is gebaseer op 'n sosiaal-konstruktivistiese leerperspektief wat leer sien as 'n unieke, geïnternaliseerde konstruksie van kennis binne 'n sosiale interaksie, soos onderrig. Hierdie studie is binne 'n paradigma van „praxis‟ ingebed, met aksienavorsing as navorsingsontwerp en daar is van „n kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodologie gebruik gemaak. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om nege van my Graad 9 Natuurwetenskappe-leerders te kies om as informante vir die graad 9-klas op te tree. Data is in die vorm van leerders se refleksies, 'n oop-einde vraelys, 'n fokusgroep-onderhoud, en 'n navorsings- joernaal ingesamel. Verder is die data met behulp van 'n teoretiese koderingskema geanaliseer wat belangrike temas en/of tendense identifiseer en interpreteer. Die navorsing het aangedui dat die metakognitiewe onderrigprosedures wat gebruik is, my Graad 9 Natuurwetenskappe leerders se metakognisie versterk het. Hulle metakognitiewe bewustheid en reflektiewe vermoëns het verbeter, sowel as hulle kennis en regulering van kognisie. Die onderrigtegnieke het ook die potensiaal getoon om die ontwikkeling van my leerders se bewuste denke, self-dissipline, verantwoordelikheid en aktiewe deelname in die leerproses te fasiliteer. Hierdie eienskappe is van dié wat vir die ideale Suid-Afrikaanse leerder beoog word. Benewens hierdie aspekte het die navorsing ook my Natuurwetenskappe-onderrigpraktyk verbeter en die navorsingsbevindinge sal in die toekoms gebruik word om my onderwyspraktyk toe te lig. Ek besef nou die waarde daarvan om metakognitiewe onderrigprosedures in my lesse te inkorporeer, sowel as die belang van refleksie oor my onderrigproses en om die uniekheid van elke leerder in my klas in ag te neem. Onderwys-opleidingsinstellings en opvoedkundige beleidmakers mag uit hierdie navorsing voordeel trek rakende die verbetering van onderwyspraktyk. Afgesien van die bogenoemde, het die navorsingsbevindinge ook die potensiaal om toekomstige siklusse van aksienavorsing toe te lig en om binne verdere navorsing in die veld gebruik te word.
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Ebot, Tabe Fidelis. "The history of History in South African secondary schools, 1994-2006." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4379_1259564328.
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This MA thesis investigates the decision to marginalize History in C2005 at a time when there were expectations of the importance of the discipline in a democratic South Africa. It argues that the marginalization of the discipline in C2005 was not solely based on pedagogical reasons, but that it might have been influenced by political agendas. My research provides support for this view with evidence of the procedures inside the relevant government education policy committees. In addition, it explores the debates and processes that led to the reinstatement of the discipline in the Revised National Curriculum Statement for schools that was approved in April 2002 by the South African Cabinet..."
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Mathey, Alain Bernard. "Teaching languages the natural way with visual cues." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/403.
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Altemtam, Nagi Abdalla Moh. "Study of the natural history of diabetic kidney disease (DKD)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574483.
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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a global public health problem affecting an increasing number of chronic kidney disease patients. The progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is variable, and the natural course of the disease may be evolving. We aimed here to revisit the natural history of DKD and to evaluate the validity of a number of urinary biomarkers in predicting the progression of DKD by determination of their independent predictive values compared to more conventional risk factors. Methods: To address this, the effects of potential risk factors on the progression of DKD was studied retrospectively in a cohort of diabetic CKD patients followed at Sheffield Kidney Institute (n = 385). Another observational prospective study was performed on 102 T2DM with DKD, 21 diabetic patients without kidney disease and 21 healthy volunteers. Each provided fresh midstream urine sample with demographic and clinical parameters collected from the unit's electronic database. Commercial ELISA kits were optimised and used to measure different urinary proteins. After cytospin, urine cells were stained using anti- fibroblast specific protein-l (FSP-l) antibody and standard cytochemistry techniques to identify potential myofibroblasts. Finally, the urine matrix metalloproteinase activity was measured by using fluoresce in conjugate substrates. Results: In the retrospective DKD cohort study, baseline proteinuria, HbA 1 c and MAP as well as the presence of vascular co-morbidities were associated with a faster rate of annual eGFR decline. Whereas, in the prospective study, albuminuria was the weakest predictor of functional outcome (ROC = 64%) and transferrinuria was the strongest (ROC = 81.2%). Furthermore, the combined score of all measured proteins did not increase the predictive value considerably (86.3%) above that of urinary transferrin. Urine cytochemistry showed that FSP-I positive cells were detected in the urine of 61 % of DKD progressors group compared to 27% of non-progressors (P = 0.004). In contrast, all slides from DM patients and healthy volunteers were negatively stained for FSP-l. The predictive value of urinary FSP I positive cells (83.6%) was superior to albuminuria as well as podocyturia (66.2%). Finally. urine MMP activity was elevated in DKD. However, there was a significantly lower MMP activity in the progressors DKD patients. Conclusions: This thesis identified a number of key observations relating to the progression of DKD. Firstly, it showed that beside conventional clinical predictors of progression, vascular comorbidities were associated with a faster rate of progression of DKD in a largely older population suffering from T2DM. Urinary biomarkers analysis showed that peptiduria and in particular transferrinuria was highly predictive of DKD progression. For the first time, we show in this thesis the potential use of urine FSP-I positive cells (presumably kidney derived myofibroblasts) to predict DKD outcomes. Also, the lower urinary MMP activity predicted a faster rate of progression. In summary, this thesis successfully identifies a number of biomarkers that may prove highly valuable to predict DKD progression in T2DM affected by diffuse vascular pathology and co-morbidities.
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Hannam, James. "Teaching natural philosophy and mathematics at Oxford and Cambridge 1500-1570." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/218820.
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The syllabus in natural philosophy and mathematics was radically changed in the course of the sixteenth century with new subjects, textbooks and methods introduced. Education became more practical and less dependent on medieval antecedents. Printing technology improved textbooks and made it possible to replace them with newer versions. Following sweeping syllabus reform around 1500, the Cambridge Master of Arts course was heavily slanted towards humanism. The old scholastic textbooks were rejected and replaced with modern authors. The purpose of natural philosophy was explicitly to illuminate the providential work of the creator, especially through natural history (a newly developing subject in the sixteenth century thanks to newly translated and promulgated Greek texts) where examples of God's work were there for all to see. Oxford remained wedded to scholastic texts although the trivium was reformed along humanistic lines. Cromwell's visitors in 1535 outlawed scholasticism by decree but gave little indication of the alternative (their white list stipulating only Aristotle). The solution adopted by the Oxford masters was to import the Cambridge syllabus and textbooks wholesale. When the evangelical regime of Edward VI reformed the universities in 1549, the humanist natural philosophy syllabus was adjudged appropriate, especially those parts promoted by Philip Melanchthon at the University of Wittenberg. However, the visitors' background at court meant they valued ethics and politics more highly. The Reformation itself left natural philosophy largely unaffected although the barrier preventing Catholics from entering clerical careers after 1558 appears to have encouraged some to remain philosophers. In mathematics, the 1549 visitation was highly significant. Cambridge University's initiative in 1500 in employing a university lecturer in the subject was in danger of stagnating due to inappropriate appointments. However, John Cheke's statutes in 1549 promoted the use of modern textbooks of practical arithmetic, finance and surveying useful to the centralised Tudor state. He also introduced the new subject of geography as a result of his contacts at court with merchants and explorers. The thesis concludes that during the second half of the sixteenth century,English students could expect a mathematical and philosophical education comparable to that of their Italian peers. This was sufficient to provide graduates with the knowledge they needed to carry these subjects forward in the seventeenth century.
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Macrae, Michael John. "Some aspects of concept acquisition in history." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001433.
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There is concern that school history is often purposeless, taught by chalk and talk and textbook methods, giving thin and unassimilated information. At a time when subjects are under increasing scrutiny and pressure to justify their existence as relevant in the school curriculum, many of the defects inherent in the 'traditional' approach to history have made it difficult to present a forceful and valid argument for its continued inclusion as a school subject.This has led to the adoption of new approaches which are designed to get pupils more actively involved in their learning. One such approach was adopted by the Schools Council 13-16 project in Britain. It laid emphasis on the methodology of the subject and identified five ways in which history could prove to be a useful and necessary subject for adolescents to study. These were: as a means of acquiring and developing such cognitive skills as those of analysis, synthesis and judgement; as a source of leisure interests; as a vehicle for analysing the contemporary world and pupils' place in it; as a means for developing understanding of the forces underlying social change and evolutioni and, finally, as an avenue to self-knowledge and awareness of what it means to be human (Introduction, p. ii)
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Lima, Guilherme Pontieri de. "O ensino de história no Brasil = da "história natural" à história naturalizada." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251116.
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Orientador: Olinda Maria NoranhaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objeto a História enquanto disciplina ensinada no Brasil. Para o entendimento do tema, buscamos sua constituição histórica a partir da periodização sugerida por Iglesias (2000) tendo o ano de 1838 como um marco para a sistematização da História no Brasil com a criação do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. A partir desta data, associando estudo bibliográfico e análises documentais, percebemos a institucionalização deste conhecimento no ensino, intimamente atrelado aos interesses conjunturais que variam conforme o próprio país se desenvolve e se complexifica. Então, a finalidade maior desta pesquisa é verificar a relação estabelecida entre o ensino de História e os diferentes momentos históricos brasileiros. Como o conhecimento histórico é tratado, via educação, e quais funções desempenhou e ainda desempenha, desde sua constituição enquanto matéria ensinada até o momento atual? Metodologicamente, buscamos os caminhos que relacionam o geral e o específico, uma via de mão dupla onde conjuntura e objeto se inter-relacionam, na justa relação macro versus micro. Nesse sentido, nos interessa o entendimento também do quadro mais amplo onde está inserido nosso objeto, as discussões e atores sociais participantes da conformação de forças que dão movimento ao processo histórico onde se constitui a disciplina em análise. Conforme os resultados obtidos, constatamos que o que se ensina e o como se ensina, através do ensino de História, obedecem, sem negar a contradição, a fatores externos, geralmente respostas às necessidades do contexto e guiados pelo grupo no poder. Desta forma, o que se ensina em História sofre interferências das evoluções e arranjos econômicos sociais e políticos.
Abstract: The subject of this master thesis is the teaching of History in Brazil. To better understand this issue we seek the historical constitution from the timeline suggested by Iglesias (2000) with the year 1838 as a milestone for the systematization of History in Brazil with the creation of the Brazilian Geography and History. From this date, combining bibliographic and documentary analysis, we realize the institutionalization of knowledge in education, closely tied to conjectural interest that has varied according to country development and complexity. So, the main aim of this research is to determine the relationship between history teaching and the different historical periods in Brazil. How historical knowledge is treated, via education, and what roles have played and still plays since its constitution as subject taught until nowadays? Methodologically, we seek the path that connects the general and the specific, a two-way street where conjecture and object are interrelated in the macro versus micro proper relationship. In this sense, we are interested in understanding also the wider framework in which our object is inserted, discussions and social actors participating in the forces conformation that moves the historical process where the discipline under review has been constituted. According to the observed, we find out that what is teach and how is teach in history teaching, obey, without denying the contradiction, the external factors and usually answers the needs of the context and are guided by the group in power. Thus, what is taught in history suffers interference of the evolutions and of social and economic arrangements.
Mestrado
Filosofia e História da Educação
Mestre em Educação
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Atuahene-Sarpong, Boateng Kofi. ""Why I like history ...": Ciskeian secondary school pupils' attitudes towards history." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003710.
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This dissertation was motivated by the decline in percentage of the number of Standard 10 pupils who offered History for the National Senior Certificate (Matriculation) Examination in the Mathole Directorate in the Ciskei from 1987 - 1990. The research revealed that the decrease in the number of pupils doing History in Standard 10 did not indicate loss of interest in the subject. Instead, the multiplicity of new subjects introduced in the school curriculum and some peculiar subject combinations in some schools forced some pupils (reluctantly) to reject History as a school subject. Those who chose to do History in Standard 10 showed their liking for the subject and expressed their interest in it. The study took the form of a survey through the use of questionnaire and informal chats with pupils and teachers on their views about History as a school subject. A questionnaire was designed for pupils offering History in Standard 10 and administered in four of the eight Senior Secondary Schools in the Mathole Directorate in Ciskei. Generally, work on pupils' interest in and attitude towards History as a school subject is very rare. Some of the few available works merely compare pupils' liking for History as opposed to other school subjects and when the response is not favourable; conclude that pupils in Senior Secondary Schools do not enjoy studying History. Pupils' interest in and attitudes towards the subject, the extent of their interest, the causes of their attitude and the internal and external influences on their interest in and attitudes towards the subject were neglected by earlier works, but have been given attention in this study. As a result of very little available work and material, pupils' responses to the questionnaire formed the basis of the material used in this work. A large number of pupils' responses was put in tables according to sex instead of schools. Where applicable, X2 tests were administered to see if there were any appreciable statistically significant differences between the responses of the boys and girls. In most cases where the X2 tests were applied, no statistically difference was noticed. The study showed more boys than girls showing interest in and positive attitudes towards History. The general picture of the study showed a deviation from the view commonly expressed by other studies that pupils in modern Senior Secondary Schools do not like History. As this study revealed, it is not the subject itself that pupils did not like, but the way it is handled by some teachers and lack of teaching aids to concretise events. This leads to the role of Teacher Training Institutions: which must be to produce the versatile, duty-conscious and innovating History teacher to revolutionise History teaching to make History alive to pupils.
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Kaplan, Richard E. "Teaching adolescents about war." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/791.
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D'Souza, Raymond Francis Charles. "Natural history and management of hepatitis C in East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2006. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28508.
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Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) affects over 170 million individuals worldwide. In this thesis the natural history and management of hepatitis C in North- East London was investigated. The prevalence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C rises with increasing duration of infection. In Asian patients infected at birth, infection over 60 years causes cirrhosis in 71 % of infected individuals. Since the rate of fibrosis progression in Asian patients is the same as that seen in Caucasian patients, it is likely that similar rates of cirrhosis will be seen in all patients who are infected with HCV for over 60 years. Factors found to be associated with fibrosis progression were:- age and alcohol excess. Insulin resistance was associated with fibrosis progression. However, elevated serum ferritin or hepatiC iron were not. Knowledge of hepatitis C in the East of London was examined and found to be poor despite the Department of Health information campaign. Educational meetings and postal surveys improved the level of knowledge of HCV. However as our group only assessed knowledge immediately after completion of the sessions, such a testing regime does not address long-term knowledge retention. We examined current and novel management strategies for patients with chronic HCV. Current therapy involves pegylated interferon and ribavirin. We found that insulin resistance was a poor predictor of sustained virological response. Chinese herbal treatments for hepatitis C are widely used but poorly studied. Our group designed a randomised controlled double blind study to assess whether Chinese herbal treatment is effective and results from this study show that recruitment and retention in trials of alternative therapies are problematic and that the herbal remedy had little effect on viraemia and quality of life, although liver function tests did improve a little.
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Snyder, Joshua P. "The autecology of Rhacodactylus auriculatus a natural history study of gargoyle geckos /." Click here for download, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1331400641&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Matthews, Charity Christine. "Women writers and the study of natural history in nineteenth-century Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44159.
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During the nineteenth century, women in Britain and Canada read about natural history, wrote about it, drew it, and collected it alongside their male counterparts. Produced during a time when it was widely accepted that, as Charles Darwin succinctly stated in The Descent of Man (1871), “Man is more powerful in mind and body than woman” (597), women’s contributions to the natural sciences were often overshadowed or ignored. However, women in the nineteenth century in Canada contributed greatly to the development of knowledge of meteorology, botany, zoology, and ornithology. Indeed, their work sometimes anticipated the modern ecological critique of a preoccupation with cultivating and controlling nature in the names of science and capitalism.
This dissertation examines the intellectual, literary, and scientific experiences of nature for women in nineteenth-century Canada, namely the geographical region known as Upper Canada (1791-1841), Canada West (1841-1867), or Ontario (1867-present), and investigates the language and scientific systems that were available to women to describe those experiences. Instead of struggling amateurs restricted to domestic pursuits, nineteenth-century women writers were sometimes pioneering naturalists, popularizers of science, and innovators of a hybrid approach to the language of natural history. Naturalist observations and the negotiation of how to understand nature, seeing nature as hostile, neutral, or divine, were central elements in the creation of the nineteenth-century woman’s identity. The writers examined in this study— Anna Jameson, Anne Langton, Susanna Moodie, Mary Ann Shadd, Harriet Sheppard, Frances Stewart, and Catharine Parr Traill— read scientific and literary texts and used the information to shape their understandings of the natural world, the weather, flora, and fauna. As educated, reflective thinkers, they use their letters, journals, emigration pamphlets, and autobiographical narratives to respond to systems of Linnaean classification as well as to participate in discussions which anticipated the shift later in the century to ecological perspectives inspired by Darwinism. This study examines the ways in which women writers were actively exploring shifting conceptions of the natural world as it developed alongside settlement and seeks to offer new ways of approaching the work of Jameson, Langton, Moodie, Shadd, Sheppard, Stewart, and Traill. In chapters devoted to meteorology, botany, zoology, and ornithology, this thesis rethinks both nature writing and women’s writing in Canada.
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Hernandez-Boussard, Tina Maxine. "P53 mutations as a tool to study the natural history of cancer." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T090.
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Thibadeau, Judy, Matthew R. Reeder, Jennifer Andrews, Katherine Ong, Marcia L. Feldkamp, Sydney Rice, and Ann Alriksson-Schmidt. "Understanding the Natural Progression of Spina Bifida: Prospective Study." JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626441.
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Background: Spina bifida (SB) is monitored through birth defects surveillance across the United States and in most developed countries. Although much is known about the management of SB and its many comorbid conditions in affected individuals, there are few systematic, longitudinal studies on population-based cohorts of children or adults. The natural history of SB across the life course of persons with this condition is not well documented. Earlier identification of comorbidities and secondary conditions could allow for earlier intervention that might enhance the developmental trajectory for children with SB. Objective: The purpose of this project was to assess the development, health, and condition progression by prospectively studying children who were born with SB in Arizona and Utah. In addition, the methodology used to collect the data would be evaluated and revised as appropriate. Methods: Parents of children with SB aged 3-6 years were eligible to participate in the study, in English or Spanish. The actual recruitment process was closely documented. Data on medical history were collected from medical records; family functioning, child behaviors, self-care, mobility and functioning, and health and well-being from parent reports; and neuropsychological data from testing of the child. Results: In total, 152 individuals with SB were identified as eligible and their parents were contacted by site personnel for enrollment in the study. Of those, 45 (29.6%) declined to participate and 6 (3.9%) consented but did not follow through. Among 101 parents willing to participate, 81 (80.2%) completed the full protocol and 20 (19.8%) completed the partial protocol. Utah enrolled 72.3% (73/101) of participants, predominately non-Hispanic (60/73, 82%) and male (47/73, 64%). Arizona enrolled 56% (28/50) of participants they had permission to contact, predominately Hispanic (18/28, 64%) and male (16/28, 57%). Conclusions: We observed variance by site for recruitment, due to differences in identification and ascertainment of eligible cases and the required institutional review board processes. Restriction in recruitment and the proportion of minorities likely impacted participation rates in Arizona more than Utah.
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Davis, Simon. "Optimal foraging behaviour of nectar gathering bumblebees : a doubly labelled water study." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1995. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5099/.
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Hodge, Josh. "Using the plant trait-based approach to study temperate grassland ecology and restoration." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/110962/.
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Grasslands are considered to be the most endangered terrestrial ecosystem in the world. In the United Kingdom, substantial losses in unimproved grasslands and the abandonment of traditional grazing has resulted in the decline of ecosystem services, such as pollination. A plant trait-based approach was conducted to study the community ecology and restoration of temperate grasslands, with a focus on the convergence/divergence patterns in response to environmental and management factors, and how these scale to the provision of ecosystem processes and services –biomass production and livestock. The role of seven plant traits, obtained from the TRY-database, was investigated using the botanical data of the National Vegetation Classification, the Park Grass Experiment and the North Wyke Farm Platform. Trait-based analyses were conducted on the latter two to investigate the provision of biomass production and livestock production. A microcosm experiment was conducted to test the effects of agricultural soil legacies and restoration seed mixture on the reassembly of grassland communities, and their associated functional structure and composition. It was found that the seven traits investigated were independent and countered the conceptualisation of ecological axes of specialisation and ecological strategies. The type of fertiliser used to improve grasslands was found to be a significant factor driving the convergence/divergence patterns of temperate grassland communities, together with grazing. Biomass production was found to be best explained by statistical models incorporating climate and environmental factors, community-weighted means and different facets of functional diversity. In essence, environmental and management pressures resembling intensely managed, especially with nitrate-based fertilisers, temperate grasslands and an exploitative community best supported greater amounts of high quality biomass. Livestock production was found to be best explained by the Functional Diversity Hypothesis: higher yields from cattle and sheep were found from diverged grazing pastures. A trade-off between cattle quantity and quality was also highlighted. Agricultural soil legacies were found to greatly hinder the progression towards vegetation and functional restoration targets, producing ruderal communities dominated by weak competitors and opportunistic weedy plant species. The work has important implication for the management and restoration of grassland communities.
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Wemyss, Alan M. "The development of experimental and analytical techniques for the study of aligned fluorophores." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89284/.
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The objective of the work described in this thesis was to develop novel experimental and analytical methods to study samples of anisotropically oriented fluorophores. The primary development was the fluorescence detection method for linear dichroism spectroscopy (FDLD). The experimental configuration of the measurement has the detector placed facing the propagation direction of the exciting incident light. Long-pass edge filters, selected so that their cut-off wavelength lies between the excitation and emission maxima of the sample’s fluorophore, were placed between the sample and detector to block transmitted incident light, whilst allowing Stoke’s shifted fluorescence emissions to pass freely. The experiment was designed to be conducted using a commercial circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimeter, which has been adapted to measure linear dichroism (LD). A theoretical framework to calculate FDLD spectra using the output of such an instrument is presented, and used to generate the FDLD spectra of small molecules oriented on stretched oxidised polyethylene films and biological samples oriented in Couette flow. It was found that much of the information that can be obtained from LD may also be derived from FDLD spectra, however, FDLD possessed two clear advantages: i) fluorescence detection is highly sensitive, which significantly lowered the sample volume requirement of a measurement, and ii) fluorescence detection is more selective than absorption methods, as only chromophores that are also fluorophores are detected. A method for the cloning, expression and purification of the Escherichia coli actin homologue MreB is also presented. The composition of secondary structure elements within the protein obtained was analysed using CD and found to be in good agreement with literature values, taken from the crystal structure of Caulobacter crescentus MreB. Fluorescence spectra of the protein were recorded, which indicated that it may be possible to study its in vitro polymerisation kinetics using FDLD. Unfortunately, we were unable to obtain our Escherichia coli MreB in a sufficient yield to develop this assay. Finally, a novel method for detecting the wall shear stress (WSS) exerted on a specific point of a surface by a fluid flowing over it is reported. This information was derived from the response to a shear flow of a fluorescently labelled particle of M13 bacteriophage, which was tethered to the surface. The focus of this thesis was primarily on the analysis of the fluorescence signals. Using a custom made algorithm, microscopy images of the tethered phage particle were segmented to define the region of each image occupied by the particle, and to calculate its orientation and length at all time points. These data were used to calculate the WSS at the point of the particle’s attachment, and show that it varied when the surface was not uniform — highlighting a potential problem with commonly used methods for determining WSS that average over surface dynamics, such as particle image velocimetry and particle tracking velocimetry.
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Tan, Kang John, and 陳岡. "History of the history curriculum under colonialism anddecolonisation: a comparison of Hong Kong andMacau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956749.
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Mills, Christine Elizabeth. "The portrayal of women in history textbooks." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/885.
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Collins, Michael L. "Norfolk and North Sea Southern Basin natural gas 1966-1995 : a study in political economy." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389372.
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Maggs, Anthony Fergus. "A study of the natural history of skin colonisation by coagulase-negative staphylococci." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU041792.
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The staphylococcal skin floras of an isolated group of subjects were studied for a year. A wide variation in isolation patterns was found for different subjects, sites and staphylococcal species, and the dynamic nature of skin colonisation was revealed. Staphylococcus intermedius, previously thought to be of veterinary origin, was found to be part of the resident flora for some subjects, and this may indicate a wider role for it in clinical infection. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis on all S.capitis isolates, using protein staining and immunoblotting, indicated persistent skin colonisation at some sites; each region was colonised by only one clone of that species, although an adjacent area could be inhabited by a different clone. Nine clonal groups were identified by SDS-PAGE protein stain; there was a degree of specialisation between the groups with regard to the sites which they colonised. The interaction between staphylococcal species at a single site was less well defined, although some evidence of interaction was found. Non-colonising isolates of S.capitis often exhibited lower than expected phenotypic similarities when compared with their presumed source, and the implications of this are discussed. The results of SDS-PAGE protein stain were compared with the results of immunoblotting, antibiograms and biotyping. Attempts were made to demonstrate inter-species and inter-strain interference in vitro. The existing humoral response to staphylocci was studied by immunoblotting. The place of modern typing methods is reviewed within the context of staphylococcal taxonomy and current concepts of bacterial clonality; possible future developments in bacterial typing are discussed.
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O'Brien, Eileen Marie. "Women in history: A vanishing act." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/762.
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Ho, Chi-ming Ronald, and 何志明. "Epistemological beliefs and constructivist teaching for secondary students learning history." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37321444.
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Winter, Regina Beth 1945. "An integrative model for a discipline based feminist history of art." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276708.
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This thesis establishes guidelines and develops art historical instructional materials that answer requirements of discipline-based and feminist art education. Recent literature on the theoretical bases and curricular applications of DBAE,and feminist writings in art education and art history serve as conceptual sources for developing an integrative art historical model. This study applies this model to develop a variety of high school level instruction materials based on the lives of 19th century American neoclassical women sculptors. These materials contain biographies, sources of reproductions, and an analysis of these artists' particular positions as women, and as artists, in nineteenth century America. The last chapter provides information and suggestions for teachers on how to use the materials in a discipline based context. This kind of integrative approach can serve to broaden our understandings and experiences of the visual arts so that they are more truly representative of all humankind.
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King, Heather. "Supporting natural history enquiry in an informal setting : a study of museum explainer practice." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594238.
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Poswa, Mandisa. "History reading comprehension in black secondary schools : a Ciskei study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003437.
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This thesis examines briefly the problems of learning and understanding history when the subject is taught through the medium of a second language. It assesses the difficulty levels (for first language speakers) of the history textbooks commonly used in Ciskei secondary schools and considers the implications of these levels for second language speakers. It assesses the ability of 400 pupils in standard 8 and standard 10 to comprehend an English text which is deliberately written at a lower level of difficulty than that of the current secondary school texts. Comparisons are made of the comprehension scores of those pupils whose answers are written in English with those who are allowed to answer in Xhosa on questions based on the simple text. Finally, it compares the quality of the pupils' answers in Xhosa and English. Tentative recommendations are made about the language implications of history teaching which emerge from the results of the research.
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McNabb, Cheri Andrea. "Oral history: An approach to teaching limited english proficient children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1054.
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Ho, Sun-yan Anita, and 何蕣顏. "Post-1949 China in Hong Kong's "History" and "Chinese History" curricula: a comparative study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203815.
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Harrison, Timothy James Edward. "A curate's egg : feeding birds during reproduction is 'good in parts'. A study of blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus and great tits Parus major." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/590/.
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Food supplementation of birds in gardens is widespread and UK householders have recently been advised to supplement birds throughout the spring and summer. This coincides with reproduction of many avian species and supplementation with specific foods (e.g. live invertebrates) is encouraged to support breeding attempts in gardens. To investigate this further I mimicked food supplementation in gardens by providing two commercial bird foods (peanut cake and mealworms \(Tenebrio\) \( molitor\) to blue tits \(Cyanistes\) \(caeruleus\) and great tits \(Parus\) \(major\) breeding in woodland in central England from 2006 to 2008. Supplementation advanced laying and reduced the number of young fledged significantly in both species, but provisioning with mealworms during the nestling phase increased apparent survival of fledglings. Intriguingly, however, stable isotope analysis revealed that supplement use was insubstantial and similar between birds on supplemented and non-supplemented territories. Analyses of data from the British Trust for Ornithology’s Nest Record Scheme demonstrated strong parallels between findings of my field study and patterns of reproduction of blue and great tits in urban habitats across the UK. I discuss the implications of my findings, including the use of food supplementation in avian conservation and in pure scientific research, and I outline exciting future directions.
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Tharp, Glenda Nell. "A whole language approach to teaching history: Social studies through literature." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/979.
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Kehoe, Earl. "The teaching of history in post-genocide Rwanda : a case-study of a post-genocide secondary school history curriculum." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33446/.
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The focus of this thesis is an investigation of secondary school history in post-genocide Rwanda. The thesis addresses a knowledge gap by examining the 2008 O-level Rwandan history curriculum as a case of a post-genocide secondary school history curriculum. The issues surrounding the construction of the 2008 O-level history curriculum and the wider opportunities and challenges of teaching and learning history in Rwandan schools are addressed. The research is located in the field of literature that investigates school history in different post-genocide and post-conflict countries and the connections between history education, conflict, peace and reconciliation. Research involved two periods of fieldwork in Rwanda of 11 weeks and 16 weeks respectively. During this time curriculum documents were collected and field-notes taken. Also, interviews were conducted with Rwandan policy-makers (3), secondary history teacher-educators (5) and secondary history student-teachers (10). Informal discussions were held with four additional policy-makers. The empirical research was related to the research question: What opportunities and challenges does teaching history face in post-genocide Rwanda - perceptions of what, why and how history is taught to secondary school pupils? A thematic analysis of the data resulted in three key inter-related findings. Firstly, there are competing policy visions and curriculum processes at the heart of the 2008 O-level secondary school history curriculum. Secondly, the memory of the 1994 genocide is central to the 2008 O-level history curriculum construction (policy), mediation (teacher-educators) and implementation (student-teachers). Finally, and related to finding two above, limited learner-centeredness in student-teachers’ classroom practice demonstrates how the legacy of the Rwandan 1994 genocide impacts on the delivery of the 2008 O-level history curriculum. Based on these findings the thesis makes three original contributions to knowledge. The legacy of the genocide in terms of post-genocide fears of future violence and aspirations for unity and reconciliation needs to be at the centre of our understanding of school history curriculum reform in post-genocide Rwanda. Also, over 20 years after the 1994 genocide the on-going emotional legacy of the genocide in the classroom shapes the classroom practice of a new and university trained generation of history teachers. Yet, student-teacher classroom practice also challenges the uniform depiction of teacher-led history teaching by writers, suggesting a more complex history classroom reality. Finally, this is the first empirical study to use the theoretical framework of ‘unity in homogeneity’, ‘unity in diversity’ and ‘diversity’ approaches to frame and investigate the opportunities and challenges the teaching of history faces in post-genocide Rwanda.
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Mrwetyana, Notemba. "Group work in black history classes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001425.
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As a history teacher at Kuyasa High School in the Ciskei and afterwards as history method lecturer at the University of Fort Hare, visiting a large number of schools regularly for purposes of practice teaching with groups of students, I became aware of the problems encountered when history is taught to mixed ability groups. By far the most glaring problem is that of teaching methods. Teachers are in doubt concerning the teaching methodology to be adopted in classes where the spread of ability is wide. They face considerable difficulties in developing a role for themselves both in the classroom and in relation to their colleagues. The often noted tendency of teachers is to isolate themselves and guard the privacy of their classroom life. This realisation prompted me to undertake this study. The aim of this study is twofold. Having large classes in Ciskeian secondary schools, it is obvious that the spread of ability within classes is wide. The teachers then would have to form groups within the class. The first aim, therefore, is to develop and apply a reading comprehension test, with passages of varying difficulty. The performance of pupils in the test will serve as a guide when the children are put into groups. Secondly, I intend suggesting group activities which could be done by history pupils in such groups (Preface, p. iii)
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Cunningham, Deborah Lynn. "Professional practice and perspectives in the teaching of historical empathy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5bf95dbe-0fd9-49c2-9cc2-d2893d13da45.
Full textAbstract:
To empathise, in a historical sense, generally means to entertain the perspectives and values of people in the past through consideration of the circumstances they faced. Widely acknowledged as a fundamental part of the historian's craft, empathy has had a more tenuous place in school history due to the conceptual confusion of the term, its association with the promotion of a leftist political agenda, and its difficulty for pupils. Scholarship on empathy has focused upon its philosophical meaning and students' thought processes, but has largely neglected to explore teachers' knowledge and practice about how to cultivate it. Instead, it has tended to offer norms for good practice that take little account of differing contexts or the sometimes competing goals that teachers seek to achieve. It has been guided as well by a particular image of empathy teaching as dedicated exercises, often involving immersion in many historical sources. My study begins to address the lack of attention to teachers' actual ideas and practices for fostering empathy by presenting a case study of four experienced history educators in England. Through extensive analysis of lesson and interview transcripts, I derive a new framework for thinking about empathy teaching that takes into account both the major activities and smallscale discourse strategies - heretofore largely unexamined - that the teachers use to promote understanding. It attends to their ways of conceptualising empathy, their means of establishing the conditions they view as essential, their negotiations of myriad factors helping or hindering their efforts, and their complex deployments of various types of relevant knowledge. The framework shows how, in making decisions about empathy teaching, they consider student factors such as capacities, preconceptions and motivation, structural factors such as time, resources, and examination priorities, and factors concerning their own knowledge, beliefs and state - then utilise a broad and flexible repertoire of strategies to address the shifting variables they encounter. Finally, the study explores curriculum as an interaction between teachers, pupils and educational context, recognising the influence of each on understanding in particular classrooms. Significant divergences between how teachers think and practice and how empathy teaching is discussed in the educational literature emerge for a spectrum of issues. These include how empathy is conceptualised, what sorts of strategies are enacted, who the historical subjects of empathetic efforts are, how students' achievements are assessed, and how empathy-related dilemmas are construed and managed. All of these discrepancies suggest that research stands to benefit by attending more closely to teachers' ideas. For their part, the teachers appear to be oriented toward self-improvement - learning and changing through experience, collegial contact, and focused reflection of the sort prompted by this research. Implications for teachers' professional development and for future research approaches are explored.
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Rehman, Jonas. "From Bantu Education to Social Sciences : A Minor Field Study of History Teaching in South Africa." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Didactic Science and Early Childhood Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8022.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis concerns History teaching in South Africa 1966-2006. Focus lies on the usage of History as a tool of power and empowerment. Primary sources for the survey are textbooks, curricula’s and syllabuses. From a theoretical perspective the thesis discusses power, usage of history and pedagogic literature. The survey is done in a qualitative, hermeneutic way in order to find, discuss and explain underlying structures in the collected data. The thesis results show that History teaching in South Africa was based on an idea of a shared historical consciousness, apartheid, which legitimised the hegemony of the white people. The educational system was an important tool of power and empowerment for the government. The apartheid ideology was reproduced by the pedagogic literature. Today History is a part of Social Sciences and the subject has a focus on natural sciences and technology, which results in certain dilemmas educational-wise.
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Maema, Elijah Krone. "Exploring natural science teachers' perceptions of their teaching competence, in senior phase township schools in Soweto." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6763.
Full textAbstract:
M.Ed.The aim and purpose of the study is to explore the Natural Science (NS) teachers' perceptions of their teaching competence in Senior Phase township schools in Soweto. An in-depth literature review on theoretical perspective in Natural Science teachers' perceptions of their teaching competence in Senior Phase indicated that these partially addressed the key questions of the study, namely: what are the perceptions ofNatural Science teachers' about their teaching competence in Senior Phase township schools? What competences are perceived to enhance and contribute to Natural Science teaching in Senior Phase schools m Soweto? This study identifies a number of motivational competences that have been derived from current theories. The theory developed from the literature on NS teachers' competences review, facilitated the development of an empirical research. Qualitative research was conducted to explore NS teachers' perceptions of their teaching competence in Senior Phase schools in Soweto. This was with a view to facilitating the improvement thereof wherever necessary. Seven NS teachers from three Diepkloof Senior Phase schools were sampled. It also emerged from the findings of the research that there are, teachers who are not qualified to teach NS subject at the Senior Phase level. There also seems to be a lack of competent N.S. teachers in Senior Phase schools in Soweto. The high numbers of learners in NS classes create challenges for NS teachers to provide individual attention to learners. NS laboratories are poorly equipped and that the district officials do not provide sufficient support to NS teachers so that they can be more effective in their teaching. The study gave the researcher the opportunity to explore the teaching competence ofNS teachers in three Senior Phase township schools in Soweto, where the competence gap had already been expressed. There were many challenges identified by the findings. A comprehensive picture of the many inter-dependant aspects affecting the NS teaching competencies was acquired. The research conducted gave the researcher the motivational framework to establish both the current level ofNS teaching competence and the ideal levels of competences to which the three schools and other schools nationwide could aspire.