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Meenakshi, Bindu, Harsh, and Seema Kumari. "IMMUNITY BOOSTER HERBAL PLANTS WITH THEIR USES AND CONSTITUENTS: A REVIEW." Soch – Mastnath Journal Of Science & Technology 17, no. 4 (2023): 21–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8013974.
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ABSTRACT Major highlights of this review are on the description about immunomodulators from plant origin with phytochemical compounds and their relevance mechanism of action. Several plants having potential immunomodulatory property have been discussed in this review, several other plants possessing similar type of activities have also been explored as natural immunomodulators. Herbal formulation may be therefore recommended for use as positive immunomodulator. There are several botanical products with potential therapeutic applications because of their efficiency, low cost and low toxicity.
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Menkudale, A. C., S. D. Deshmukh, V. C. Kulkarni, et al. "REVIEW ON AYURVEDIC PLANTS AS IMMUNOMODULATORS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (2021): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12310.
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In todays era use of immunomodulators has tremendously increased to treat various human and animal diseases like viral diseases,cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammantary conditions etc. Immunity is the bodys natural ability to identify and resist various infectious disease and disorders. Immunomodulators are biological or synthetic substances that can stimulate, suppress or modulate any aspect of immunity including adaptive as well as innate immunity. Various factors such as balanced diet,environmental temperature,stress, pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria,proper exercise affect the immunity. Natural drugs are used since ancient times for treatment of various diseases because of minimal side effects. Natural compounds are also used enormously as immunomodulators. There are about 1000 natural compounds having immunomodulatory effect they either affect the immune cells or affect the antibody secretion and influence the immune response. Here in this review we have discussed in detail definition of immunity,concept of immunomodulators,classification of immunomodulators,correlation between immunomodulators and Ayurveda and Ayurvedic plants having immunomodulatory activity. The main purpose of this review is to highlight efficacy of available literature on Ayurvedic plants as immunomodulators.
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Ortuño-Sahagún, D., K. Zänker, A. K. S. Rawat, S. V. Kaveri, and P. Hegde. "Natural Immunomodulators." Journal of Immunology Research 2017 (2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7529408.
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Zhao, Yue, Bocheng Yan, Zhaoyu Wang, Mingjing Li, and Wei Zhao. "Natural Polysaccharides with Immunomodulatory Activities." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 2 (2020): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557519666190913151632.
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Natural polysaccharide is a kind of natural macromolecular which can be extracted from plants, fungi, algae, animals, and bacteria. The monosaccharide compositions and glucosidic bonds of polysaccharides from different origins vary substantially. Natural polysaccharides have been shown to possess complex, important and multifaceted biological activities including antitumor, anticoagulant, antioxidative, antiviral, immunomodulatory, antihyperlipidemic and antihepatotoxic activities. Their properties are mainly due to their structural characteristics. It is necessary to develop polysaccharide immunomodulators with potential for preventive or therapeutic action. The present paper summarizes the structural features, immunostimulatory activity and the immunomodulatory mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. In particular, it also provides an overview of representative natural polysaccharide immunomodulators.
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Zebeaman, Meseret, Mesfin Getachew Tadesse, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, Archana Bachheti, Rahel Gebeyhu, and Kundan Kumar Chaubey. "Plants and Plant-Derived Molecules as Natural Immunomodulators." BioMed Research International 2023 (June 5, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7711297.
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Background. Nowadays, the immunomodulatory properties of plants have been studied extensively with greater interest due to increasing awareness and combating the severity of immunomodulatory diseases. Scope and Approach. This paper highlights the efficacy of the available literature evidence on natural immunomodulators of plant origin and synthetic ones. In addition, several aspects of plants and their phytoconstituents responsible for immunomodulation have been discussed. Moreover, this review also discusses the mechanism involved in immunomodulation. Key Findings. One hundred fifty medicinal immunomodulatory plants are currently identified to find novel immunomodulatory drugs. Of these plants, the plant family Asteraceae also takes the first rank by offering 18 plant species (12%). Similarly of the plants studied so far, 40% belong to the Asteraceae family. Echinacea purpurea of this family is most known for its immunostimulating activity. The most prominent immune-active bioactive molecules are polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Also, eight plant bioactive immunomodulators were checked for clinical trials and found in the market. These are six immunosuppressants, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, quercetin, colchicine, capsaicin, and andrographolide, and two immunostimulants, curcumin and genistein. Nowadays, there are a lot of polyherbal traditional medicinal products sold in the market and claimed to their immunomodulators. However, much work is still needed to find more active immunomodulatory agents. The mechanism by which immunomodulatory medicinal plant exert their effect is through the induction of cytokines and phagocyte cells and the inhibition of iNOS, PGE, and COX-2 synthesis.
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Ortuño-Sahagún, Daniel, Ajay K. S. Rawat, and Kurt Zänker. "Natural Immunomodulators 2018." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4341698.
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Miteva, Dimitrina, Meglena Kitanova, and Tsvetelina Velikova. "Biomacromolecules as Immunomodulators: Utilizing Nature’s Tools for Immune Regulation." Macromol 4, no. 3 (2024): 610–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/macromol4030037.
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Although there are numerous available immunomodulators, those of natural origin would be preferable based on their safety profile and effectiveness. The research and clinical interest in immunomodulators have increased in the last decades, especially in the immunomodulatory properties of plant-based therapies. Innovative technologies and extensive study on immunomodulatory natural products, botanicals, extracts, and active moieties with immunomodulatory potential could provide us with valuable entities to develop as novel immunomodulatory medicines to enhance current chemotherapies. This review focuses on plant-based immunomodulatory drugs that are currently in clinical studies. However, further studies in this area are of utmost importance to obtain complete information about the positive effects of medicinal plants and their chemical components and molecules as an alternative to combatting various diseases and/or prevention.
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Hifnawy, M., O. Rashwan, Z. Said, and M. Rabeh. ""immunomodulators from natural products"." Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences 26, no. 1 (2006): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/besps.2006.37422.
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Saputro, Dominyda Vebrianto, Ahmad Shobrun Jamil, M. Artabah Muchlisin, and Irsan Fahmi Almuhtarihan. "A Network Pharmacology of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on COVID-19 Cases." Proceedings of International Pharmacy Ulul Albab Conference and Seminar (PLANAR) 3 (November 13, 2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/planar.v3i0.2471.
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Various ways and treatment efforts are carried out to avoid the severe impact of COVID-19 cases, one of which is using plants as natural immunomodulatory agents. One of the plants that is proven to act as a natural immunomodulator is lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). This study aimed to determine the protein tissue associated with the body's immune system activated by C. citratus. The secondary metabolites of C. citratus were identified using the KNApSAck and Dr. Duke databases. Target proteins associated with plant-secondary metabolite compounds from the SwissTargetPrediction database and immunomodulatory-associated target proteins were obtained from the GeneCards database. The intersected proteins were put into StringDB and analyzed using KEGG to obtain network pharmacology. 98 secondary metabolite compounds of C. citratus were obtained from the database. Proteins associated with C. citratus contain 1096 compounds, and those related to immunomodulators contain 1380 proteins. The intersection results obtained 244 proteins predicted to interact with C. citratus and are related to immunomodulators. From the results of KEGG analysis, five pathways related to C. citratus were obtained, namely PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, T cell receptor signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. MAPK 1, MAPK 3, and MAPK 14 proteins are predicted to be in all five related pathways, and Mol 13 compounds are predicted to be able to interact with these three proteins. Thus, it can be concluded that the compound Mol 13 is the compound that plays the most role in acting as an immunomodulator in C. citratus.
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Nerkar, Amit G., and Rushikesh P. Nagarkar. "Ethnopharmacological review of anticancer activity of vinca and turmeric." Current Trends in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry 5, no. 3 (2023): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ctppc.2023.020.
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Natural products with immunomodulatory effects are widely used in the treatment of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases, as well as cancer and inflammatory diseases. They have attracted great interest as therapeutic agents in recent decades because they offer inexpensive and less toxic products than synthetic chemotherapy agents. Immunomodulators are substances that have the ability to improve or suppress the host's defense response, which can be used for prevention and in combination with other treatments. The anticancer effects of these immunomodulators result from their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects. In addition to preventing tumor growth and proliferation, these natural immunomodulators, such as curcumin and Vinca, can also be used as a preventive treatment against cancer. In contrast, immunostimulants can induce and activate humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the tumor, which facilitates the recognition and destruction of a pre-existing tumor.
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Jordy, Sergio Semeraro, Charles Peter Tilbery, and Mirella Martins Fazzito. "Immunomodulator therapy migration in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a study of 152 cases." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 66, no. 1 (2008): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2008000100004.
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BACKGROUND: Since 1997, immunological modulators have been used for treatment of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) in the Multiple Sclerosis Attendance and Treatment Center (CATEM) with significant alterations in this disease natural history. AIM: To add data on the experience of CATEM for the treatment of RRMS patients that had immunomodulators. METHOD: RRMS patients that received continuously immunomodulator drugs were evaluated on adherence, migration, withdrawal and progression rates. The patients were divided in three groups by the period of immunomodulators intake. RESULTS: There were registered in Group 1 withdrawal in 98 patients (25%) and adherence in 292 cases (74%); Group 2 interruption of therapy in 140 patients, 92 (31%) due to progression for PSMS, 14 (5%) for pregnancy, withdrawal in 34 (11%), adherence in 88%; Group 3 progression in 41 (26%), pregnancy in 3 (2%) withdrawal in 42 (27%) and adherence in 72%. The migration rate was about one third (31.57%) and the principal cause was therapeutic failure; the mean migrating time was 0.5-2.5 years in group 3. CONCLUSION: Immunomodulatory treatment for RRMS patients may have significant levels of failure and side effects; the adherence was compatible with the international literature.
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Morahan, Page S., and Aangelo J. Pinto. "An Historic Overview of Biological Response Modifiers as Antiviral Agents." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 3, suppl b (1992): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/979517.
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A wide variety ofimmunomodulators/biological response modifiers (BRMs) has been demonstrated to provide broad spectrum antiviral activity against both RNA and DNA viruses in several animal species. Dramatic decreases in mortality, reduced virus titres in tissues and reduced histopathology can be produced. The antivirally effective agents include microbially derived materials, polyanions, cytokines and chemically diverse small molecular weight chemicals. The greatest protective effects are observed with prophylactic treatment. although early therapeutic treatment can also be effective. Little direct antiviral activity can be observed in vitro. The findings suggest induction by BRMs of antiviral mediators in vivo early in the course of viral pathogenesis, before the virus has become sequestered in a privileged site or too much infectious virus has been produced for natural resistance to have an impact, immunomodulators are pleiotropic in their immunomodulatory effects, and it has been difficult to establish whether one cell type or mediator is critical for the observed broad spectrum antiviral activity. Therefore, the mechanisms of antiviral action of immunomodulators remain unclear for most systems, but probably involve enhancement of natural immune responses. While no unified antiviral mechanism among different immunomodulators has yet emerged, interferon induction remains a major hypothesis.
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Stroe, Andreea C., and Simona Oancea. "Immunostimulatory Potential of Natural Compounds and Extracts: A Review." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 4 (2020): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666190301154200.
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The proper functioning of human immune system is essential for organism survival against infectious, toxic and oncogenic agents. The present study aimed to describe the scientific evidence regarding the immunomodulatory properties of the main micronutrients and specific phytochemicals. Plants of food interest have the ability to dynamically affect the immune system through particular molecules. Plant species, type of compounds and biological effects were herein reviewed mainly focusing on plants which are not commonly used in food supplements. Several efficient phytoproducts showed significant advantages compared to synthetic immunomodulators, being good candidates for the development of immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Kayser, Oliver, K. Noël Masihi, and Albrecht F. Kiderlen. "Natural products and synthetic compounds as immunomodulators." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 1, no. 2 (2003): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14787210.1.2.319.
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Shukla, Shruti, Vivek K. Bajpai, and Myunghee Kim. "Plants as potential sources of natural immunomodulators." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 13, no. 1 (2012): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-012-9303-x.
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Lemaire, Geneviève, Jean-Pierre Tenu, Jean-François Petit, and Edgar Lederer. "Natural and synthetic trehalose diesters as immunomodulators." Medicinal Research Reviews 6, no. 3 (1986): 243–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/med.2610060302.
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Dušan, Zvekić, Apić Igor, and Gagrčin Mladen. "DIETARY SUPPLEMENATION WITH NATURAL IMMUNOMODULATORS AND SOWS FERTILITY." Contemporary Agriculture (2012) 61, no. 3-4 (2012): 199–204. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7266511.
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The influence of feeding the sows by diets supplemented with natural immunomodulators on fertility parameters, were investigated on one large pig farm in AP Vojvodina (Serbia). The diets of pregnant, lactating and weaned sows (in the period weaning-to-fertile estrus) were suplemented with preparations containing premium colostrum, yets and herbal extracts, to stimulate immune system. Farrowing rate ( AI within ≤ 7 days after weaning), in treated sows was significantly (p<0.01) greater (87.6%, 204/233) then in kontrol (untreated) sows (83.7%, 160/205). Average total born and liveborn piglets per litter, in treated (10.4 and 10,3 resp.) and in control sows (10.2 and 10.0 resp.) was not significant different (p>0.05), but the average stillborn piglets per litter was significantly (p<0.05) lower in treated (0.14), compared with control sows (0.21). Our data suggest that the application of natural immunodulators can increase the sows fertility in the intensive pig production.
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Ahkam, Ahmad Hafidul, Yasmiwar Susilawati, and Sri Adi Sumiwi. "Peronema canescens as a Source of Immunomodulatory Agents: A New Opportunity and Perspective." Biology 13, no. 9 (2024): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13090744.
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Immunomodulators are pivotal in managing various health conditions by regulating the immune response by either enhancing or suppressing it to maintain homeostasis. The growing interest in natural sources of immunomodulatory agents has spurred the investigation of numerous medicinal plants, including Peronema canescens, commonly known in Asia as sungkai. Traditionally used for its medicinal properties in Southeast Asia, Peronema canescens belongs to the Verbenaceae family and has garnered significant attention. This review discusses the immunomodulatory activity of the active compounds in Peronema canescens and explores the potential directions for future research.
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Saad, Bashar. "Prevention and Treatment of Obesity-Related Inflammatory Diseases by Edible and Medicinal Plants and Their Active Compounds." Immuno 2, no. 4 (2022): 609–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/immuno2040038.
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Obesity, defined by excessive fat mass and its associated low-grade chronic inflammation, leads to insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunctions. The immunomodulatory properties of natural agents have gained much interest in recent decades. Some of the plant-derived agents are known to be immunomodulators that can affect both innate and adaptive immunity, e.g., thymoquinone, curcumin, punicalagin, resveratrol, quercetin, and genistein. Natural immunomodulators may contribute to the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases, as they have significant efficacy and safety profiles. The immunomodulatory effects of traditional Greco–Arab and Islamic diets and medicinal plants are well acknowledged in abundant in vitro studies as well as in animal studies and clinical trials. This review highlights the role of Greco–Arab and Islamic diets and medicinal plants in the management of inflammation associated with obesity. Although previously published review articles address the effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on obesity-related inflammation, there is no systematic review that emphasizes clinical trials of the clinical significance of these plants and phytochemicals. Given this limitation, the objective of this comprehensive review is to critically evaluate the potential of the most used herbs in the management of obesity-related inflammation based on clinical trials.
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Ashvini Y. Parbat, Gunjan P. Malode, Aayesha R. Shaikh, Wrushali A. Panchale, Jagdish V. Manwar, and Ravindra L. Bakal. "Ethnopharmacological review of traditional medicinal plants as immunomodulator." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (2021): 043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.6.2.0048.
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Medicinal plants play significant roles in the prevention of human beings from various pathogenic microorganisms and diseases. The immunomodulators are agents used to modulate the immune system and can be obtained from both natural as well as synthetic origin from plants and chemicals. Alteration within the system is often achieved by immunomodulatory agents from a plant source, low molecular weight compounds like alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds, terpenes, phenols, and high molecular weight compounds like lectins, polysaccharides. The Immune system is a part of the body to detect the pathogen by using a specific receptor to produce an immediate response by the activation of immune components cells, cytokines, and chemokines and also release of an inflammatory mediator. This review also discusses various ethnopharmacological information of traditional medicinal plants being used as immunomodulators.
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Ashvini, Y. Parbat, P. Malode Gunjan, R. Shaikh Aayesha, A. Panchale Wrushali, V. Manwar Jagdish, and L. Bakal Ravindra. "Ethnopharmacological review of traditional medicinal plants as immunomodulator." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (2021): 043–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5018759.
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Medicinal plants play significant roles in the prevention of human beings from various pathogenic microorganisms and diseases. The immunomodulators are agents used to modulate the immune system and can be obtained from both natural as well as synthetic origin from plants and chemicals. Alteration within the system is often achieved by immunomodulatory agents from a plant source, low molecular weight compounds like alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds, terpenes, phenols, and high molecular weight compounds like lectins, polysaccharides. The Immune system is a part of the body to detect the pathogen by using a specific receptor to produce an immediate response by the activation of immune components cells, cytokines, and chemokines and also release of an inflammatory mediator. This review also discusses various ethnopharmacological information of traditional medicinal plants being used as immunomodulators.
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Silin, Dmytro, Oksana Lyubomska, Feliks Ershov, Valeriy Frolov, and Galyna Kutsyna. "Synthetic and Natural Immunomodulators Acting as Interferon Inducers." Current Pharmaceutical Design 15, no. 11 (2009): 1238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209787846847.
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Acharya, Sreemoyee, Akram A. Da’dara, and Patrick J. Skelly. "Schistosome immunomodulators." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 12 (2021): e1010064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010064.
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Schistosomes are long lived, intravascular parasitic platyhelminths that infect >200 million people globally. The molecular mechanisms used by these blood flukes to dampen host immune responses are described in this review. Adult worms express a collection of host-interactive tegumental ectoenzymes that can cleave host signaling molecules such as the “alarmin” ATP (cleaved by SmATPDase1), the platelet activator ADP (SmATPDase1, SmNPP5), and can convert AMP into the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine (SmAP). SmAP can additionally cleave the lipid immunomodulator sphingosine-1-phosphate and the proinflammatory anionic polymer, polyP. In addition, the worms release a barrage of proteins (e.g., SmCB1, SjHSP70, cyclophilin A) that can impinge on immune cell function. Parasite eggs also release their own immunoregulatory proteins (e.g., IPSE/α1, omega1, SmCKBP) as do invasive cercariae (e.g., Sm16, Sj16). Some schistosome glycans (e.g., LNFPIII, LNnT) and lipids (e.g., Lyso-PS, LPC), produced by several life stages, likewise affect immune cell responses. The parasites not only produce eicosanoids (e.g., PGE2, PGD2—that can be anti-inflammatory) but can also induce host cells to release these metabolites. Finally, the worms release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs, and these too have been shown to skew host cell metabolism. Thus, schistosomes employ an array of biomolecules—protein, lipid, glycan, nucleic acid, and more, to bend host biochemistry to their liking. Many of the listed molecules have been individually shown capable of inducing aspects of the polarized Th2 response seen following infection (with the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B cells (Bregs) and anti-inflammatory, alternatively activated (M2) macrophages). Precisely how host cells integrate the impact of these myriad parasite products following natural infection is not known. Several of the schistosome immunomodulators described here are in development as novel therapeutics against autoimmune, inflammatory, and other, nonparasitic, diseases.
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Rollando Rollando, Mauren Engracia, Eva Monica, and Siswadi Siswadi. "Immunomodulatory Activity Test of Syrup Dosage Form of Combination Phyllantus niruri Linn. And Sterculia quadrifida R.Br. Extract." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1806.
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Meniran (Phyllantus niruri Linn.) is used generally as an immunomodulator and hepatoprotector. Empirically, bark of faloak (Sterculiaqudrifida R.Br.) is used as a medicinal plant to cure diseases such as hepatitis, gastroentritis, and diabetes. The combination of meniran extract and bark of faloak extract has the potential as a natural immunomodulatory agents. Immunomodulators are compositions of either recombinant, synthetic, or natural, which can restore the immune system. Therefore it is necessary to optimize the optimal formula in obtaining syrup preparations which have optimal immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this study was to find out the optimal syrup combination of meniran extract and faloak bark extract to produce optimal response values in the in vitro immunomodulatory activity test with TNF-α and NF-κB parameters, and immunomodulatory activity tests in vivo with activity parameters macrophages. The extract was obtained through reflux extraction. The results of the extract were formulated and approved to determine their ability to induce TNF-α and NF-κB, and in the test of mice balb/b (Mus musculus L.) orally for 21 days. The lymph organs were isolated, rinsed with an RPMI-1640 solution, and analyzed using ELISA reader 450 nm. The determination of optimal formulas is done by using Rstudio v.3.5.3 software with ANOVA test parametric test and using Design Expert v.11 software using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. The results showed that the formula for the preparation of combination syrup to produce results induced TNF-α and NF-κB, and macrophage activity, namely the formula using meniran and faloak 0.96993: 0.0300704.
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Mustika, Meilinda, Harrizul Rivai, Nailul Muna, Zarny Voenna, and Harnisah. "Traditional Medicines Prescription and the Potential of Original Indonesian Herbs as Natural Immunomodulators." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 6, no. 3 (2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i03.002.
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Traditional medicine is an ingredient or a recipe for components in the form of plant ingredients, animal ingredients, mineral substances, galenic preparations, or mixtures of these ingredients that have been used for treatment from generation to generation and can be applied by the prevailing norms in society. Traditional medicinal herbs can be an option for health maintenance, disease prevention, and health care and strengthening a person's immune system. With low prices and easy-to-find raw materials, traditional medicinal ingredients can be made and consumed at home. This review aims to provide information that native Indonesian herbs act as traditional medicines and also have potential as immunomodulators. The way to get this information is by searching through Google Scholar. The results show that many native Indonesian herbs act as natural immunomodulators. Therefore, it can be concluded that native Indonesian herbs can be developed into phytopharmaca as immunomodulators.
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Lasalo, Malia, Thierry Jauffrais, Philippe Georgel, and Mariko Matsui. "Marine Microorganism Molecules as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics." Marine Drugs 22, no. 9 (2024): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md22090405.
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The marine environment represents a formidable source of biodiversity, is still largely unexplored, and has high pharmacological potential. Indeed, several bioactive marine natural products (MNPs), including immunomodulators, have been identified in the past decades. Here, we review how this reservoir of bioactive molecules could be mobilized to develop novel anti-inflammatory compounds specially produced by or derived from marine microorganisms. After a detailed description of the MNPs exerting immunomodulatory potential and their biological target, we will briefly discuss the challenges associated with discovering anti-inflammatory compounds from marine microorganisms.
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Skovbakke, Sarah Line, Andre Holdfeldt, Huamei Forsman, Johan Bylund, and Henrik Franzyk. "The Role of Formyl Peptide Receptors for Immunomodulatory Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides and Peptidomimetics." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 10 (2018): 1100–1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180403123233.
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In recent years, the therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as immunomodulators has become generally accepted. Nevertheless, only very few AMP-based compounds have progressed into clinical trials. This paradox may be explained by the fact, that some of the intrinsic properties of natural peptides, such as proteolytic and oxidative instability, render them inconvenient as therapeutics. Therefore, substantial research efforts have been dedicated to mimic the physico-chemical properties as well as biological activities of AMPs by designing and identifying more stable peptidomimetics displaying analogous immunomodulatory activity profiles. Neutrophils play key roles in host defense as major effector cells in clearance of pathogens by phagocytosis and by regulating other processes of innate immunity as well as by promoting resolution of inflammation. Several aspects of these effects are correlated to their expression of formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) that have been shown to be targets of both natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides. In the present review recent findings highlighting the role of FPRs in mediating immunomodulatory activities of natural and synthetic AMPs as well as of stabilized peptidomimetics are discussed, and prospects for future development of immunomodulatory therapeutics are presented.
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Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih and Izza Ratna Kumala. "Edukasi Pemanfaatan Daun Salam dan Kencur Kaitannya dengan Imunitas pada Lansia Serta Sebagai Insektisida Alami di Posyandu Beringin V Kelurahan Kedungwuni Barat." Transformasi Masyarakat : Jurnal Inovasi Sosial dan Pengabdian 1, no. 1 (2024): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.62383/transformasi.v1i1.86.
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Herbal plants or often known as TOGA family medicinal plants are very diverse, the benefits of this family of medicinal plants are very diverse, ranging from curing flu to other serious illnesses. In life from ancient times until now, there are known methods of treatment, both chemical and herbal/traditional. Bay leaf is a plant with the Latin name Syzygium polyanthum which is one of the herbs most often used in traditional Indonesian cooking. Not only delicious food, the benefits of bay leaves also penetrate the world of health and beauty in the form of leaf decoction and bay leaf extract. Bay leaf extract also has benefits as a natural insecticide. One way to improve the body's immune system is by consuming substances or substances that are immunomodulatory. Immunomodulators are substances or drugs that can modulate the function and activity of the immune system. Immunomodulators can be obtained from traditional medicinal plants, such as turmeric, ginger and galangal. These three plants are native to Indonesia and have been used for generations to relieve various diseases. The aim of this community service activity is to provide education to elderly people about the use of bay leaves and galangal in relation to immunity and natural insecticides at Posyandu Beringin V, West Kedungwuni District.
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TYKAŁOWSKI, BARTŁOMIEJ, and ANDRZEJ KONCICKI. "Immunomodulation as a tool to reduce antibiotic therapy in intensive poultry production." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 78, no. 08 (2022): 6681–2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6681.
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The aim of the present review is to demonstrate the possibility of limiting antibiotic therapy in intensive poultry production through the use of various immunomodulators. In an era of increasing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents, it is particularly important to improve the efficiency of the immune system, which is indispensable for birds to survive in an environment where this system is constantly exposed to a number of stimuli that directly or indirectly affect its functioning. This is all the more important as the health of birds kept under intensive systems depends mainly on the functional status of their immune system, which determines the level of postvaccination immunity and the effectiveness of treatment. That is because its proper function is needed for the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, stimulation of repair processes in damaged tissues and protection against reinfection. This paper focuses on the possibilities of modulating immune mechanisms and correcting the reactivity of the immunological system in poultry by using natural or synthetic immunomodulators. The results presented here suggest that methisoprinol and β-glucans are effective in modulating immune processes in turkeys and may find practical application in mass rearing of these birds: β-glucans mainly in prophylactic programmes, whereas methisoprinol both in prevention and treatment of diseases of viral etiology occurring with immunosuppression. It has also been shown that phytoncides contained in well-composed complementary feeds show immunomodulatory effects in broiler chickens and turkeys and are effective in the prevention and treatment of black head disease in turkeys. Considering the key role of the immune system in fighting pathogens, it should be concluded that synthetic and natural immunomodulators, including phytoncides used in the prevention and treatment of poultry diseases, can effectively reduce and, in some cases, replace or support antibiotic therapy.
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Porwal, Omji, Mehmet Ozdemir, Duran Kala, and Esra Tariq Anwer. "A review on medicinal plants as potential sources of natural immunomodulatory action." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 6 (2021): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i6.5125.
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The concept of immunomodulation was proposed by Edward Jenner, while working on polio vaccine in 1796. A brawny, fine-functioning immune system is the keystone of excellent health. Immune replies are the consequence of an effectual interaction among innate (natural and non-specific) and acquired (adaptive and specific) components of the immune system. Inequity or failure of the immune systems is connected with a variety of chronic illness counting allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancers and furthers. Diverse innate and adaptive immune cells that are incorporated in this multifaceted networking organization may symbolize talented targets for expanding immunotherapeutics for treating specific immune illness. An assorted array of natural, synthetic, and recombinant compounds is accessible with both advantages and demerits. A range of phytochemicals have been remote, differentiated and customized for expansion and employ as avoidance or cure of human diseases, but the request of customary or novel medicinal plants for employ as immunomodulators in indulgencing immune diseases is still comparatively limited. At present, there is much-growing interest in the use of medicinal plants as modulators of the complex immune system. Numerous therapeutic consequences of plant extracts have been recommended to be because of their extensive assortment of immunomodulatory effects and persuade on the immune system of the human body. In present review paper, various medicinal plants, their resultant crude or fractionated phyto extracts and the precise phytochemicals remote from them are conversed in terms of their immunomodulatory bioactivities. We also review their possible for future expansion as immunomodulatory or inflammation-regulatory therapeutics or agents.
 Keywords: Immunomodulation, Immune system, Phytochemicals, Medicinal plant, Plant extracts
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Haque, Md Areeful, Ibrahim Jantan, Laiba Arshad, and Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari. "Exploring the immunomodulatory and anticancer properties of zerumbone." Food & Function 8, no. 10 (2017): 3410–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00595d.
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Plant-derived immunomodulators and anti-cancer agents have attracted a lot of interest from natural product scientists for their efficacy and safety, and their significant contribution towards understanding targeted drug action and drug delivery mechanisms.
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Wright, Claire Louise, and Owen Kavanagh. "Galleria mellonella as a Novel In Vivo Model to Screen Natural Product-Derived Modulators of Innate Immunity." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (2022): 6587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136587.
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Immunomodulators are drugs that either stimulate or suppress the immune system in response to an immunopathological disease or cancer. The majority of clinically approved immunomodulators are either chemically synthesised (e.g., dexamethasone) or protein-based (e.g., monoclonal antibodies), whose uses are limited due to toxicity issues, poor bioavailability, or prohibitive cost. Nature is an excellent source of novel compounds, as it is estimated that almost half of all licenced medicines are derived from nature or inspired by natural product (NP) structures. The clinical success of the fungal-derived immunosuppressant cyclosporin A demonstrates the potential of natural products as immunomodulators. Conventionally, the screening of NP molecules for immunomodulation is performed in small animal models; however, there is a growing impetus to replace animal models with more ethical alternatives. One novel approach is the use of Galleria melonella larvae as an in vivo model of immunity. Despite lacking adaptive antigen-specific immunity, this insect possesses an innate immune system comparable to mammals. In this review, we will describe studies that have used this alternative in vivo model to assess the immunomodulating activity of synthetic and NP-derived compounds, outline the array of bioassays employed, and suggest strategies to enhance the use of this model in future research.
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Юденкова, S. Yudenkova, Бондарева, et al. "Correction of Local Immune Imbalance of the Oral Cavity in the Complex Treatment of Chronic Catarrhal Gingivitis in Children." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 2 (2014): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5002.
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Periodontal disease in adolescence is an important medical problem, since the frequency defeat this disease has a tendency to increase. Children in the period of intensive growth are particularly susceptible to this disease. Recent studies of molecular morphological abnormalities at the chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children indicate the necessity to use in complex treatment of these patients the immunomodulators, which allow to impact on the periodontium, and on the whole organism. Changes in the organism of teenagers with periodontal diseases indicate a weakening of the natural protective mechanisms. Therefore, treatment should be aimed at the elimination of the inflammatory process and increasing the immunity. The use of immunomodulators is justified. For example, the preparation &#34;Imudon&#34; refers to the immunomodulators. The use of Imudon allows to restore the normal composition of the resident microflora of an oral cavity and has anti-inflammatory effect. The use of this drug reduces the content on the mucous of parodontopathogenic microorganisms. Being dissolved in the mouth, pills stimulate the natural immune protection of an organism. Due to inclusion in the composition of auxiliary substances, active components on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity remain for a long time.
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Klapper, Martin, Michael Ramm, and Pierre Stallforth. "Naturstoffe aus der Vergangenheit." BIOspektrum 30, no. 7 (2024): 744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12268-024-2339-y.
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AbstractLow molecular weight compounds biosynthesized by microorganisms, commonly known as natural products, are indispensable in modern medicine. They serve as the basis for many antibiotics, immunomodulators, and anti cancer agents. The new research field of paleobiotechnology allows access to natural products of the past. Based on ancient DNA from dental calculus, it was possible to generate bacterial natural products dating back over 100,000 years.
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Hasyim, Ummul Habibah, Fatma Sari, Ika Kurniaty, and Annisya Ramadhani. "Effect of Ultrasonication Extraction Time on Determination of Flavonoid Levels in Ciplukan Plants." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 11, no. 1 (2022): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35254.
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Ciplukan contains bioactive substances in the form of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamin C, stearic acid, palmitic acid. Bioactive substances from natural ingredients are known to function as immunomodulators that can increase the body's immune system, activate the body's natural defenses and restore immune system imbalances. Immunomodulators are important in studies related to the issue of the coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the extraction time on the ultrasonic method on the flavonoid yield of ciplukan plants using methanol as a solvent. The method used is ultrasonication extraction with a variable extraction time. The analysis was carried out by qualitative analysis using a solution of qursetin to determine the concentration of flavonoids. The results of the study obtained the optimum flavonoid concentration at the extraction time of 15 minutes
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Setyawati, Herni, Oeke Yunita, and Achmad Syahrani. "Molecular docking of gingerol and shogaol for immunomodulatory effect in lupus disease." Pharmacy Education 24, no. 3 (2024): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46542/pe.2024.243.141146.
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Background: One of the autoimmune diseases associated with high mortality is lupus or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). In addition to symptomatic therapy, the treatment management of this condition includes immunomodulatory therapy. Various studies have been carried out on immunomodulators from natural products. Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roxb.) is a plant with potential immunomodulatory activity. Shogaol, which gives a spicy taste, is a metabolite of gingerol, a marker compound in ginger. Both of these compounds become important components of pharmacological activity. Objective: This study aimed to determine the in silico immunomodulatory activity of gingerol and shogaol compounds contained in ginger against S100A9, CTLA-4, SRSF1, JAK3, and MYD88 receptors. Method: In silico, a test was carried out using Pymol and PyRx applications, and receptors were involved in developing the immune system and SLE disease. Result: Docking results showed negative binding affinity and an RMSD of 2˚Angstroms. The shogaol, gingerol, and tofacitinib had several amino acid residues in common. Conclusion: In-silico analysis suggests that shogaol and gingerol could modulate the immune response against lupus. The resulting protein residues were similar between shogaol, gingerol, and the control, supporting their potential for immunomodulatory activity against lupus disease.
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Cheknev, S. B., O. L. Latysheva, L. A. Denisov, and F. I. Ershov. "Interaction of interferon with other immunomodulators regulating human natural killer cell activity." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 113, no. 2 (1992): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00791511.
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Jakobsche, Charles E., Christopher G. Parker, Ran N. Tao, Mariya D. Kolesnikova, Eugene F. Douglass, and David A. Spiegel. "Exploring Binding and Effector Functions of Natural Human Antibodies Using Synthetic Immunomodulators." ACS Chemical Biology 8, no. 11 (2013): 2404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cb4004942.
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Burisch, Johan, Gediminas Kiudelis, Limas Kupcinskas, et al. "Natural disease course of Crohn’s disease during the first 5 years after diagnosis in a European population-based inception cohort: an Epi-IBD study." Gut 68, no. 3 (2018): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315568.
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ObjectiveThe Epi-IBD cohort is a prospective population-based inception cohort of unselected patients with inflammatory bowel disease from 29 European centres covering a background population of almost 10 million people. The aim of this study was to assess the 5-year outcome and disease course of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).DesignPatients were followed up prospectively from the time of diagnosis, including collection of their clinical data, demographics, disease activity, medical therapy, surgery, cancers and deaths. Associations between outcomes and multiple covariates were analysed by Cox regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 488 patients were included in the study. During follow-up, 107 (22%) patients received surgery, while 176 (36%) patients were hospitalised because of CD. A total of 49 (14%) patients diagnosed with non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease progressed to either stricturing and/or penetrating disease. These rates did not differ between patients from Western and Eastern Europe. However, significant geographic differences were noted regarding treatment: more patients in Western Europe received biological therapy (33%) and immunomodulators (66%) than did those in Eastern Europe (14% and 54%, respectively, P<0.01), while more Eastern European patients received 5-aminosalicylates (90% vs 56%, P<0.05). Treatment with immunomodulators reduced the risk of surgery (HR: 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6) and hospitalisation (HR: 0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.5).ConclusionDespite patients being treated early and frequently with immunomodulators and biological therapy in Western Europe, 5-year outcomes including surgery and phenotype progression in this cohort were comparable across Western and Eastern Europe. Differences in treatment strategies between Western and Eastern European centres did not affect the disease course. Treatment with immunomodulators reduced the risk of surgery and hospitalisation.
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Achmad, M. Janib, Ardan Samman, and Nebuchadnezzar Akbar. "Action of Ergost-7-en-3- ol from (Acanthaster planci) stimulation of activity peritoneal macrophages." Pharmacia 71 (April 25, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e113504.
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An is a compound capable of influencing the human immune system because it can maintain and restore the balance of the immune system by stimulating the immune system through phagocytosis, the complement system, IgA antibody secretion, the release of interferon α and γ, T and B lymphocytes, specific antibody systems, and cytokines. Immunomodulators can be obtained from natural sources, one of which is Acanthaster planci, which is one of the marine organisms that has important bioactive substances that can act as immunomodulators. The purpose of this research is to determine the immunomodulatory activity of chloroform fractions FrKl3.1.3.1 and FrKl3.1.3.2 and to identify the immunomodulatory compounds from the chloroform fraction FrKl3.1.3.1 of A. planci. The results of the study showed that the macrophage test of the FrKl3.1.3.1 fraction had higher activity compared to FrKl3.1.3.2, while the spectroscopic data analysis results showed that UV-VIS had a maximum absorption at a wavelength (λmax) of 240 nm, FTIR data (cm-1) showed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) groups, alkene groups (double bonds (C=C)), and aliphatic C-H groups. The 1H-NMR data (CDCl3, 500 MHz) showed six methane groups, ten aliphatic methylene groups (-CH2-), nine geminal methylene groups, one methylene group with a double bond, and 13C-NMR and DEPT 135 data (CDCl3, 125 MHz) indicated that the A. planci FrKl3.1.3.1 fraction had 28 carbon atoms consisting of six methyl (-CH3) carbon atoms, ten methylene (-CH2) carbon atoms, and nine methine (-CH-) carbon atoms. From the spectroscopic analysis data, it is known that the chloroform fraction of A. planci FrKl3.1.3.1 is ergost-7-en-3-ol compound.
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Achmad, M. Janib, Ardan Samman, and Nebuchadnezzar Akbar. "Action of Ergost-7-en-3- ol from (Acanthaster planci) stimulation of activity peritoneal macrophages." Pharmacia 71 (April 25, 2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e113504.
Full textAbstract:
An is a compound capable of influencing the human immune system because it can maintain and restore the balance of the immune system by stimulating the immune system through phagocytosis, the complement system, IgA antibody secretion, the release of interferon α and γ, T and B lymphocytes, specific antibody systems, and cytokines. Immunomodulators can be obtained from natural sources, one of which is <i>Acanthaster planci</i>, which is one of the marine organisms that has important bioactive substances that can act as immunomodulators. The purpose of this research is to determine the immunomodulatory activity of chloroform fractions FrKl3.1.3.1 and FrKl3.1.3.2 and to identify the immunomodulatory compounds from the chloroform fraction FrKl3.1.3.1 of <i>A. planci</i>. The results of the study showed that the macrophage test of the FrKl3.1.3.1 fraction had higher activity compared to FrKl3.1.3.2, while the spectroscopic data analysis results showed that UV-VIS had a maximum absorption at a wavelength (λmax) of 240 nm, FTIR data (cm-1) showed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) groups, alkene groups (double bonds (C=C)), and aliphatic C-H groups. The 1H-NMR data (CDCl3, 500 MHz) showed six methane groups, ten aliphatic methylene groups (-CH2-), nine geminal methylene groups, one methylene group with a double bond, and 13C-NMR and DEPT 135 data (CDCl3, 125 MHz) indicated that the <i>A. planci</i> FrKl3.1.3.1 fraction had 28 carbon atoms consisting of six methyl (-CH3) carbon atoms, ten methylene (-CH2) carbon atoms, and nine methine (-CH-) carbon atoms. From the spectroscopic analysis data, it is known that the chloroform fraction of <i>A. planci</i> FrKl3.1.3.1 is <i>ergost-7-en-3-ol</i> compound.
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Thomas, Scintilla, Emanuele Rezoagli, Ismin Zainol Abidin, Ian Major, Patrick Murray та Emma J. Murphy. "β-Glucans from Yeast—Immunomodulators from Novel Waste Resources". Applied Sciences 12, № 10 (2022): 5208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105208.
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β-glucans are a large class of complex polysaccharides with bioactive properties, including immune modulation. Natural sources of these compounds include yeast, oats, barley, mushrooms, and algae. Yeast is abundant in various processes, including fermentation, and they are often discarded as waste products. The production of biomolecules from waste resources is a growing trend worldwide with novel waste resources being constantly identified. Yeast-derived β-glucans may assist the host’s defence against infections by influencing neutrophil and macrophage inflammatory and antibacterial activities. β-glucans were long regarded as an essential anti-cancer therapy and were licensed in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980 and new mechanisms of action of these molecules are constantly emerging. This paper outlines yeast β-glucans’ immune-modulatory and anti-cancer effects, production and extraction, and their availability in waste streams.
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Poullenot, Florian, and David Laharie. "Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Current or Past Malignancy." Cancers 15, no. 4 (2023): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041083.
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Immunomodulators, conventional immunosuppressants, and/or biologics are used more often, earlier, and longer than before in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Along with this, the lifetime risk for cancer is estimated to be 33% in the general population in Europe. Thus, physicians face therapeutic choices in an increasing number of IBD patients with current or past malignancy. Few data are available so far for managing this IBD subpopulation and this clinical concern still remains a critical situation for four reasons: (i) risk of reactivation of dormant micrometastasis with immunomodulators is of major concern, (ii) there is a knowledge gap about the safety of the most recent molecules, (iii) current guidelines do not recommend the use of immunomodulators within 2–5 years after a diagnosis of cancer, (iv) patients with previous cancers are excluded from clinical trials. There is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the non-use of immunomodulators in IBD patients with previous cancer. Indeed, accumulative data suggest that the risk for recurrent and new cancer in patients with a history of cancer is not increased by thiopurines and anti-TNF agents. Most recently, cohort studies have found no differences in incident cancer rates in IBD patients with prior malignancy treated with vedolizumab or ustekinumab compared to those treated with anti-TNF agents. Therefore, decisions should be shared by the oncologist and the patient, considering the natural history of cancer, the time elapsed since cancer diagnosis, and IBD prognosis.
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Sari, Dina Yuspita, and Ratna Widyasari. "Education of the potential of natural ingredients as an immunomodulator in the transition process from pandemic to endemic Covid-19 through webinar." Jurnal Pemberdayaan: Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 7, no. 1 (2023): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jpm.v7i1.7915.
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Covid-19 is a respiratory infection caused by the coronavirus. Early prevention of Covid-19 can be done by increasing the body's resistance. Therefore, using traditional plants, which are included in the immunomodulatory group, is alternative prevention. This PkM webinar aims to introduce and educate the public and pharmacists about the potential of natural ingredients in the transition process from the pandemic. PkM is conducted through webinars. The webinar results were analyzed through a pre-test and post-test, and then the data was processed using the t-test. Evaluation of activities was carried out using a Likert scale. The results obtained from this PkM webinar are an increase in participants' knowledge, indicated by a significant difference between the pre and post-test results after being given PkM material, and the opinion of the webinar participants regarding the PkM webinar that was followed was excellent. This activity is expected to provide understanding and education in the potential of natural ingredients as immunomodulators. It is also essential to implement this as a means of education and provide benefits to the teaching and learning process as an evaluation and improvement of student's ability to think critically
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Takkella, Bharani Krishna, Mulagolla Sirisha, Chukka Ram Sunil, et al. "Antioxidants: The counterstriking immunomodulators in therapeutics of oral lesions." Trends in Immunotherapy 6, no. 2 (2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ti.v6.i2.1438.
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Antioxidants are a group of natural phytochemicals found in dietary ingredients that can be utilised to treat oral lesions and diseases. They are employed as chemical compound alternatives since they have less adverse effects. The dietary antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables reduce the damage by modulating detoxification enzymes, increasing immune system, and hormone metabolism. Scientists were drawn to antioxidants because of their ability to modify cell cycle controls, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. They have demonstrated significant success as single treatments or in combination with chemo-preventive medicines for oral lesions.Inside this article, we will look at the immuno-modulating effects of antioxidants, which aid in the treatments and even sometimes avoidance of numerous oral and maxillofacial conditions that contribute to morbidity, such as autoimmune lesions, and death, such as oral cancer. Antioxidants are chemicals that considerably impede or decrease the degradation of a living matter and defend the organism from oxidative harm. As a result, the sickness will be significantly reduced.
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Alanazi, Hamad H., Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali, Maged K. Alanazi, and Eman Fawzy El Azab. "Medicinal Herbs: Promising Immunomodulators for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases." Molecules 28, no. 24 (2023): 8045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248045.
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Humans are constantly at high risk of emerging pandemics caused by viral and bacterial infections. The emergence of new pandemics is mainly caused by evolved viruses and bacteria that are highly resistant to existing medications. The rapid evolution of infectious agents demands the urgent investigation of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat these infections at an early stage. One of these therapeutic strategies includes the use of medicinal herbs for their antibacterial and antiviral properties. The use of herbal medicines as remedies is very ancient and has been employed for centuries. Many studies have confirmed the antimicrobial activities of herbs against various pathogens in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effect of medicinal herbs is mainly attributed to the natural bioactive molecules present in these plants such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Different mechanisms have been proposed for how medicinal herbs enhance the immune system and combat pathogens. Such mechanisms include the disruption of bacterial cell membranes, suppression of protein synthesis, and limitation of pathogen replication through the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. Medicinal herbs have been shown to treat a number of infectious diseases by modulating the immune system’s components. For instance, many medicinal herbs alleviate inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1, IL-6) while promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10). Medicinal herbs also play a role in defense against viral and intracellular infections by enhancing the proliferation and functions of natural killer cells, T-helper-1 cells, and macrophages. In this review, we will explore the use of the most common herbs in preventing and treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. Using current and recently published studies, we focus on the immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects induced by medicinal herbs to enhance immune responses during diseases.
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Liu, Mengyue, Fei Li, Shuang Feng, et al. "Evaluation of Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Microwave-Extracted Polysaccharide from Ruditapes philippinarum." Foods 13, no. 22 (2024): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13223552.
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In recent years, research on active polysaccharides has progressed significantly, particularly regarding their anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. Among these, clam polysaccharides, a type of marine-derived polysaccharide, exhibit notable biological activities, including both anticancer effects and immune modulation. The aims of this study are to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of microwave-extracted clam polysaccharide (MCP) in vitro. Cell experiments demonstrated that MCP significantly inhibited both colony formation and migration of HT-29 cells. Furthermore, treatment with MCP led to the downregulation of Bcl-2 gene expression, a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of cytochrome C gene and caspase-3 gene, and, finally, the induction of apoptosis in HT-29 cells, implying the involvement of the mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, MCP was found to prompt a phenotypic shift in macrophages from M2 to M1 subtype and from M0 to M1 subtype. MCP also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within the cancer cells, thereby augmenting anticancer efficacy through a dual mechanism of immune activation and antioxidant enhancement. These findings suggest that MCPs present significant potential as natural antitumor agents and immunomodulators, especially in the development of functional foods or drugs.
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Rychlik, Andrzej, Renata Nieradka, Małgorzata Kander, Marcin Nowicki, Michał Wdowiak, and Anna Kołodziejska-Sawerska. "The effectiveness of natural and synthetic immunomodulators in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in dogs." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 61, no. 3 (2013): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2013.015.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of immunomodulators in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs. Twenty-eight dogs diagnosed with IBD took part in the study. The animals received a food containing extruded immunomodulators: β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan, β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate (HMB) and levamisole for 42 days. Whole blood samples were analysed before and after therapy assessing changes in phagocyte activity (respiratory burst activity, RBA and potential killing activity, PKA), evaluation of proliferation response of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes and serum gamma globulin levels, lysozyme activity, ceruloplasmin levels and interleukin activity (IL-6 and IL-10). In this experiment, β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan delivered the highest level of treatment efficacy by producing the quickest therapeutic effect, lowering Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) values to below 3, improving histopathological parameters, decreasing IL-6 levels, increasing IL-10 concentrations, and producing remission periods longer than six months. HMB and levamisole were also effective in lowering CIBDAI scores, but the abatement of clinical symptoms was slower and less pronounced in comparison with β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan. The results indicate that β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan can be useful in the treatment of canine IBD.
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Pérez del Palacio, José, Caridad Díaz, Mercedes de la Cruz, et al. "High-Throughput Screening Platform for the Discovery of New Immunomodulator Molecules from Natural Product Extract Libraries." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 21, no. 6 (2016): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057116635517.
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It is widely accepted that central nervous system inflammation and systemic inflammation play a significant role in the progression of chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, neurotropic viral infections, stroke, paraneoplastic disorders, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis. Therefore, it seems reasonable to propose that the use of anti-inflammatory drugs might diminish the cumulative effects of inflammation. Indeed, some epidemiological studies suggest that sustained use of anti-inflammatory drugs may prevent or slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory drugs and biologics used clinically have the disadvantage of causing side effects and a high cost of treatment. Alternatively, natural products offer great potential for the identification and development of bioactive lead compounds into drugs for treating inflammatory diseases with an improved safety profile. In this work, we present a validated high-throughput screening approach in 96-well plate format for the discovery of new molecules with anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory activity. The in vitro models are based on the quantitation of nitrite levels in RAW264.7 murine macrophages and interleukin-8 in Caco-2 cells. We have used this platform in a pilot project to screen a subset of 5976 noncytotoxic crude microbial extracts from the MEDINA microbial natural product collection. To our knowledge, this is the first report on an high-throughput screening of microbial natural product extracts for the discovery of immunomodulators.
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Kim, Ah-Reum, Myeong-Jin Kim, Jaeseong Seo, Kyoung Mi Moon, and Bonggi Lee. "The Beneficial Roles of Seaweed in Atopic Dermatitis." Marine Drugs 22, no. 12 (2024): 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/md22120566.
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by severe pruritus and recurrent flare-ups, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Current treatments, such as corticosteroids and immunomodulators, often provide symptomatic relief but can lead to adverse effects with prolonged use. Seaweed, a sustainable and nutrient-dense resource, has emerged as a promising alternative due to its rich bioactive compounds—polysaccharides, phlorotannins, polyphenols, and chlorophyll—that offer anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. This review explores the therapeutic potential of brown, red, and green algae in alleviating AD symptoms, highlighting the effects of specific species, including Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica, Chlorella vulgaris, and Sargassum horneri. These seaweeds modulate immune responses, reduce epidermal thickness, and restore skin barrier function, presenting a novel, safe, and effective approach to AD management. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy and establish dosing strategies, paving the way for seaweed-derived therapies as natural alternatives in AD treatment.