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1
Veale, T. Localist principles of meaning in a computational model of metaphor interpretation. Dublin: Trinity College, Dublin, 1992.
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2
photographer, Carden Matthew, ed. The whole family cookbook: Celebrate the goodness of locally grown foods. Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media, 2011.
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3
Smith, Alisa. Plenty: Eating locally on the 100-mile diet. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2007.
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4
Cencini, Carlo. Vivere con la natura: Conservazione e comunità locali in Africa subsahariana. Bologna: Pàtron, 2004.
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5
Society for the Anthropology of Europe (U.S.), ed. Developing skill, developing vision: Practices of locality at the feet of the Alps. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009.
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6
Queblatin, Eduardo E. Managing natural resources locally: An overview of innovations and ten initial steps for local governments. [Laguna, Philippines]: International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, Southeast Asian Regional Research Programme, 2001.
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7
Barton, Gary J. Water quality in the vicinity of Mosquito Creek Lake, Trumbull County, Ohio, in relation to the chemistry of locally occurring oil, natural gas, and brine. [Columbus, Ohio]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.
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8
Zeppegno, Luciano. Piemonte sconosciuto: Alla scoperta degli angoli segreti e incantati delle sue città, del fascino suggestivo e misterioso delle remote valli montane, dello splendore ancora intatto delle sue colline, tra paesi e località spesso ignoti agli stessi abitanti di questa meravigliosa regione. Roma: Newton Compton, 1993.
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9
Locally grown: Creating rural jobs with America's public lands : oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands of the Committee on Natural Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, Thursday, July 15, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.
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10
Crane, Peter R., Andrew N. Drinnan, and Garland R. Upchurch. The Megaflora from the Quantico Locality (Upper Albian), Lower Cretaceous Potomac Group of Virginia (Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir). Virginia Museum of Natural History, 1997.
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11
Charnavel, Isabelle. Locality and Logophoricity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190902100.001.0001.
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Anaphors such as English herself, French elle-même, and Mandarin ziji are usually claimed to obey locality requirements stated by Condition A of Binding Theory. But we observe that in various languages, the same anaphors can be exempt from these locality requirements under certain conditions. The goal of this book is to describe and explain this widespread dual behavior of anaphors on the basis of French, English, Mandarin, Korean, and Icelandic. First, several strategies are proposed for distinguishing between the two possible behaviors of anaphors. Plain instances of anaphors require local and exhaustive binding, as well as sloppy readings in ellipsis. Exempt instances of anaphors, however, only require a logophorical interpretation, that is, to occur in phrases expressing the first-personal, mental perspective of their antecedent. Second, a new theory of exempt anaphora is proposed, which consists in deriving all properties distinguishing exempt from plain anaphors to one: the presence of a silent, syntactically represented logophoric operator introducing a local, perspectival binder for superficially exempt anaphors. This hypothesis parsimoniously reduces exempt to plain anaphors obeying Condition A, thus directly accounting for the cross-linguistically widespread morphological identity of plain and exempt anaphors. Under this proposal, the reason why exempt anaphors appear to escape locality requirements is that their binder is implicit, and their mandatory logophoric interpretation derives from the nature of this binder. Finally, several diagnostics are provided for testing the hypothesis that so-called long-distance anaphors can be analyzed just like exempt instances of anaphors.
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Nelson, William E. Localist Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190850487.003.0003.
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This chapter shows that, in the absence of bureaucratic institutions, courts were the primary institutions by which central political authorities could enforce law and policy in localities. The courts, in turn, were local institutions under local control in every colony except, perhaps, Pennsylvania. In many colonies juries that determined both law and fact used their power to nullify legislation and other commands of central government. In other colonies, county courts were self-perpetuating bodies whose judges felt free to ignore the commands of appellate courts and other central authorities. Other colonies were so small that power was necessarily local in nature. Pennsylvania was the only large colony in which the Supreme Court controlled the work of lower courts, but its authority was also under challenge.
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Healey, Richard. Interlude: Some Alternative Interpretations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714057.003.0007.
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An understanding of quantum theory is manifested by the ability successfully and unproblematically to use it to further the scientific goals of prediction, explanation, and control of natural phenomena. An Interpretation seeks further to formulate or reformulate it as a fundamental theory that provides a self-contained description of the world. I critically review three prominent but radically different Interpretations of quantum theory (Bohmian mechanics, non-linear theories, Everettian quantum mechanics) and give my reasons for rejecting each as a way of understanding quantum theory. These include problems associated with non-locality, failure of relativistic invariance, empirical inaccessibility, and decision-making. We can achieve a satisfactory understanding of quantum theory and how it successfully advances the goals of science without providing an Interpretation of the theory.
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(Photographer), Gregor Torrence, ed. The Farm to Table Cookbook: The Art of Eating Locally. Sasquatch Books, 2008.
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17
Ramchand, Gillian. The event domain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767886.003.0010.
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This chapter focuses on the phrase structural representation of the most embedded portion of a natural language sentence. It is argued that this corresponds to the core event building domain, and that it has both syntactic and semantic integrity within the sentence. However, the little v label across frameworks and research programs has also been used as the locus for the external argument, as well as for the first cyclic domain for syntactic locality. However, empirical evidence points clearly to a separation of the different functions often ascribed to “little v.” Specifically, it is argued that event structure decomposition head (roughly, Cause) must be clearly separated from, and hierarchically lower than, the head providing the choice of external argument. However, it will be shown from the evidence of the English progressive that this external argument locus is much more abstract and cannot be identified with the traditional category of Voice.
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Portland's bounty: A guide to eating locally and seasonally in the greater Portland and Vancouver areas. 2nd ed. Portland, Or: Ecumenical Ministries of Oregon's Interfaith Network for Earth Concerns, 2001.
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19
Schoppa, Keith. The Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497354.001.0001.
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The twentieth century was studded with extraordinary achievements in medicine, science, technology, and space. Yet, this century was the most violent in history, killing an estimated 30 million people in cold-blooded genocides and, in wars, an estimated 187 million. There was not a single year in the hundred-year span when there were no significant wars. In each chapter I have chosen several men and women, many not well-known, on whom I focus a bit more than other historical actors. They reflect the spirit of their times, though their approaches and contributions are distinctively nuanced. Existing in a climate primed for war and violence, they, like everyone else, had to decide where their source of political identity lay and, when a decision was necessary, where their political allegiance would fall: To their own lives as individuals in a specific locality? Or to a particular nation? Or to the larger global community? Given that this allegiance has been much discussed during the last half of the century up through today, to what geographical level do we see world citizens committing their allegiance? That answer will be a key determinant of the future. This chronological narrative also traces other crucial twentieth-century developments: women and their professional and social roles, goals, successes, and setbacks; the powerful forces of race and ethnicity; the role of identity; environmental issues, including atomic energy and the sustainability of natural resources; the causes and changing nature of wars around the world; and the historical roles of contingency and memory.
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Gabriella, Mondardini Morelli, ed. Miti della natura, mondi della cultura: Turismo, parchi e saperi locali in Sardegna. Sassari: EDES, 2000.
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21
Ortaçgil, Ercüment H. The Nonlinear Spencer Sequence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821656.003.0009.
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Wilson, Stuart P. Self-organization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0005.
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Self-organization describes a dynamic in a system whereby local interactions between individuals collectively yield global order, i.e. spatial patterns unobservable in their entirety to the individuals. By this working definition, self-organization is intimately related to chaos, i.e. global order in the dynamics of deterministic systems that are locally unpredictable. A useful distinction is that a small perturbation to a chaotic system causes a large deviation in its trajectory, i.e. the butterfly effect, whereas self-organizing patterns are robust to noise and perturbation. For many, self-organization is as important to the understanding of biological processes as natural selection. For some, self-organization explains where the complex forms that compete for survival in the natural world originate from. This chapter outlines some fundamental ideas from the study of simulated self-organizing systems, before suggesting how self-organizing principles could be applied through biohybrid societies to establish new theories of living systems.
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Ali, Muna. Closing Thoughts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664435.003.0008.
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This final chapter summarizes the points made in the previous chapters and closes with the vision of the project collaborators for the future, including the role they see for themselves and their community in society and on the world stage. The chapter demonstrates the interwoven nature of the four narratives explored in this book, which circulate locally, nationally, and internationally; it has examined their role in shaping the perspectives of both individuals and collectives in the Muslim community.
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Khwarg, Juewon, Daniel A. Fung, Corey Hunter, and Timothy T. Davis. Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0028.
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Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous plasma suspension enriched with a supraphysiologic concentrate of platelets, isolated through a process of centrifugation. Administered locally (usually by injection or direct application) to areas of injury, PRP contains a high density of growth factors, which are believed to potentiate the body’s natural regenerative processes. Over the past 20 years, interest in PRP therapy has grown exponentially, as it offers a relatively safe, autologous treatment modality. It has gained particular popularity for a wide variety of musculoskeletal pathologies. There is a growing body of scientific literature that is giving further insight into PRP’s therapeutic effects. This chapter will review the history, preparation techniques, basic science justifications, current clinical evidence, as well as procedural considerations for the therapeutic use of PRP.
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Silliman, Brian, and Stephanie Wear. Conservation bias: What have we learned? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0028.
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Conservation science is unique among scientific disciplines in that it was founded on a set of normative principles. The often dogmatic adherence to these principles has made conservation science vulnerable to confirmation bias. When confronted with data, many foundational ideas in conservation, such as all nonnative species are bad, reserves are the best method to save nature, and biodiversity is declining locally, are found to be inconsistent or inaccurate. Evaluation of the validity of these ideas, however, is not crippling. Instead critical evaluation provides opportunities to learn and pivot to take advantage of new opportunities. These new conservation frontiers include planning to co-exist with nature in addition to protecting nature from humans, and creating novel and hybrid ecosystems in addition to restoring ecosystems to a pristine state. The future holds great promise for nature to expand and thrive if data are used to correct biases and conservation practices are adjusted accordingly.
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Buckley, Joanna, Neil McCulloch, and Nicholas Travis. Donor-supported Approaches to Improving Extractives Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0027.
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Donor interest in the natural resources extractives sector is based upon the premise that it represents an opportunity to improve a country’s development prospects. However, in many cases the presence of extractive resources is associated with poor economic performance. As a result, some donors are trying a radically different approach. This chapter explores one such programme funded by the UK Department for International Development: the Facility for Oil Sector Transparency and Reform in Nigeria. The chapter outlines five lessons learned from this example. First, continual analysis is essential to understand the underlying incentives of key actors. Second, interventions need to be locally led in order to provide legitimacy for reform. Third, interventions need to be flexible and adaptive. Fourth, acceptance of an element of risk is necessary. Fifth, donors need to develop a new way of measuring impact.
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Caramello, Olivia. Expansions and faithful interpretations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758914.003.0009.
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This chapter introduces the concept of expansion of a geometric theory and develops some basic theory about it; it proves in particular that expansions of geometric theories induce geometric morphisms between the respective classifying toposes and that conversely every geometric morphism to the classifying topos of a geometric theory can be seen as arising from an expansion of that theory. The notion of hyperconnected-localic factorization of a geometric morphism is then investigated and shown to admit a natural description in the context of geometric theories. Further, the preservation, by ‘faithful interpretations’ of theories, of each of the conditions in the characterization theorem for theories of presheaf type established in Chapter 6 is discussed, leading to results of the form ‘under appropriate conditions, a geometric theory in which a theory of presheaf type faithfully interprets is again of presheaf type’.
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Husain, Faisal H. Rivers of the Sultan. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197547274.001.0001.
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Rivers of the Sultan offers a history of the Ottoman Empire’s management of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the early modern period. During the early sixteenth century, a radical political realignment in West Asia placed the reins of the Tigris and Euphrates in the hands of Istanbul. The political unification of the longest rivers in West Asia allowed the Ottoman state to rebalance the natural resource disparity along its eastern frontier. It regularly organized the shipment of grain, metal, and timber from upstream areas of surplus in Anatolia and the Jazira to downstream areas of need in Iraq. This imperial system of waterborne communication, the book argues, created heavily militarized fortresses that anchored the Ottoman presence in Iraq, enabling Istanbul to hold in check foreign and domestic challenges to its authority and to exploit the organic wealth of the Tigris-Euphrates alluvium. From the end of the seventeenth century, the convergence of natural and human disasters transformed the Ottoman Empire’s relationship with its twin rivers. A trend toward provincial autonomy ensued that would localize the Ottoman management of the Tigris and Euphrates and shift its command post from Istanbul to the provinces. By placing a river system at the center of analysis, this book reveals intimate bonds between valley and mountain, water and power in the early modern world.
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Farrell, Justin. Believing in Yellowstone: The Moralization of Nature and the Creation of America’s Eden. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164342.003.0002.
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This chapter shows how materially instrumental or utilitarian aspects of social life can acquire moral and religious meanings. It argues that the use of natural resources in Yellowstone underwent a process of “moralization” that had important institutional effects on the area (e.g., more government attention, scientific research, censuring, public sentiment, emotional disgust). The chapter documents the emergence and interaction of three “moral visions” (utilitarian, spiritual, biocentric) in Yellowstone in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in order to explain this process of moralization. To demonstrate the effects of this process, and how the meaning of Yellowstone changed from its early years, the chapter ends with an analysis of how new moral visions were institutionalized into new laws and policies, both nationally and locally, culminating in the creation of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem—thus creating the social conditions for eventual intractable contemporary conflict that would soon follow.
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Anderson, James A. Loose Ends. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357789.003.0017.
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This chapter presents some ideas about Ersatz Brain Theory, which generalizes models presented in the book. It is based on three equal components: computation, cognition, and neuroscience. In the Ersatz Brain, the basic computing elements are locally interconnected groups of neurons, for example, cortical columns, and not single neurons. Columns are more powerful than neurons alone because of the potential for selectivity and reliability. A “network of networks” modular architecture is formed from interconnected groups. Response selection emerges from the stability properties of dynamical systems. Traveling waves and interference patterns also grow naturally out of dynamics and local connections. The resulting systems operate using similar rules at multiple spatial scales for different levels of integration.
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Algaze, Guillermo, and Timothy Matney. Titriş Höyük: The Nature and Context of Third Millennium B.C.E. Urbanism in the Upper Euphrates Basin. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0046.
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This article discusses findings from excavations at Titriş Höyük. At the time of its foundation as an urban center in the Middle Early Bronze Age, Titriş Höyük possessed the combined advantages of locally available timber, multiple perennial water sources and associated year-round cultivable floodplains suited to garden crops, and broad, rain-fed arable tracts suited to grain cultivation. Additionally, the site was surrounded by gentle limestone hills well suited to viticulture and livestock grazing. However, this benign framework provided a necessary but not sufficient condition for the development of the site. The sufficient condition was the city's location along the road to the Samsat ford, which made it a natural arbiter of a portion of long-distance east–west trade across the northern fringes of “Greater Mesopotamia” in the third millennium—a fact attested by the number and variety of imports found in excavated mortuary and domestic contexts across the city.
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Gunn, Sarah. Stone House Construction. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643106857.
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Stone House Construction is a comprehensive study of Australian stone building techniques in a residential context, for people with an interest in building or renovating, including property owners, architects and builders. It has a strong theme of historic stone buildings, as traditional forms of building respond to the need for structural integrity and stability over time against weathering.
The book covers aspects of building in locally sourced stone, from quarrying on-site to building arches over openings for upper storey walls, and is a source book of examples and methods to help the reader to carry on a tradition of building in local stone.
Stone buildings inspire people because they transfer a natural beauty to a human achievement. The book shows many examples of Australian stonework that have not been given exposure in previous architectural references. It promotes Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) through the continuation of a stonework tradition in Australia.
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Strecker, Amy. The 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826248.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 analyses the evolving conception and protection of landscape in the World Heritage Convention. First, it traces the development of landscape protection from its early conceptual dependency on nature, to the incorporation of ‘cultural landscapes’ within the Convention’s scope in 1992. It then discusses the typology of cultural landscapes, issues of representativeness and the implications of the Word Heritage system for landscape protection globally, as well as locally. In this regard, a number of cases are analysed which, on the one hand, support the World Heritage Convention’s instrumental role in landscape governance, but which on the other, highlight the problems involved in ascribing World Heritage status to living landscapes from a spatial justice perspective.
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Ritchie, Judith, and Ahmed Al-Mukhtar. Pancreatic surgery (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749813.003.0003.
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Pancreatic surgery is a fascinating subspecialty of general surgery. It is considered a superspecialty, with pancreatic surgery limited to a number of tertiary centres around the country taking referrals from regional hospitals. However, surgical trainees will encounter pancreatic pathology on a day-to-day basis through the acute take, with emergency presentations arising from patients presenting with complications from acute and chronic pancreatitis and from locally advanced pancreatic cancers. In addition this chapter includes a case based discussion of pancreatic trauma to educate on its variable and often insidious nature. These cases aim to outline relevant information regarding each of the clinical cases, with a sensible and appropriate approach to investigation and management.
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Arent, Douglas, Channing Arndt, Mackay Miller, Finn Tarp, and Owen Zinaman, eds. The Political Economy of Clean Energy Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.001.0001.
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The 21st Conference of the Parties (CoP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) shifted the nature of the political economy challenge associated with achieving a global emissions trajectory that is consistent with a climate. The shifts generated by CoP21 place country decision-making and country policies at centre stage. Under moderately optimistic assumptions concerning the vigour with which CoP21 objectives are pursued, nearly every country in the world will set about to design and implement the most promising and locally relevant policies for achieving their agreed contribution to global mitigation. These policies are virtually certain to vary dramatically across countries. In short, the world stands at the cusp of an unprecedented era of policy experimentation in driving a clean energy transition. This book steps into this new world of broad-scale and locally relevant policy experimentation. The chapters focus on the political economy of clean energy transition with an emphasis on specific issues encountered in both developed and developing countries. Lead authors contribute a broad diversity of experience drawn from all major regions of the world, representing a compendium of what has been learned from recent initiatives, mostly (but not exclusively) at country level, to reduce GHG emissions. As this new era of experimentation dawns, their contributions are both relevant and timely.
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Humphreys, John, and Sally Little, eds. Challenges in Estuarine and Coastal Science. Pelagic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53061/bdix4458.
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Estuarine and coastal waters are acknowledged centres for anthropogenic impacts. Superimposed on the complex natural interactions between land, rivers and sea are the myriad consequences of human activity – a spectrum ranging from locally polluting effluents to some of the severest consequences of global climate change. For practitioners, academics and students in the field of coastal science and policy, this book examines and exemplifies current and future challenges: from upper estuaries to open coasts and adjacent seas; from tropical to temperate latitudes; from Europe to Australia. This authoritative volume marks the 50th anniversary of the Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, and contains a prologue by founding member Professor Richard Barnes and a short history of the Association. Individual chapters then address coastal erosion and deposition; open shores to estuaries and deltas; marine plastics; coastal squeeze and habitat loss; tidal freshwaters – saline incursion and estuarine squeeze; restoration management using remote data collection; carbon storage; species distribution and non-natives; shorebirds; Modelling environmental change; physical processes such as sediments and modelling; sea level rise and estuarine tidal dynamics; estuaries as fish nurseries; policy versus reality in coastal conservation; developments in Estuarine, coastal and marine management.
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Grove, M. Annette, and David F. Lancy. Cultural Models of Stages in the Life Course. Edited by Sally Crawford, Dawn M. Hadley, and Gillian Shepherd. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199670697.013.5.
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It is clear that societies differ with respect to their locally constructed, cultural, or ‘folk’ models of the life course. However, predictable transitions can be found as children progress through naturally occurring stages (walking, talking, gaining sense, puberty). Societies draw upon these predictable transitions to construct models of development. Ethnographic and historic records provide evidence of behavioural changes in children and the response of family members that signal a shift in the child’s status. Drawing on these data, we construct a broadly applicable cultural model of child development. This model coalesces around six life cycle stages, which correspond to evolutionary biologists’ analyses. This entry draws on a long-term project designed to develop an anthropological perspective on human development. Our database consists of archival accounts of childhood from nearly 1,000 societies, ranging from the Palaeolithic to the present and from every area of the world.
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Sherinian, Zoe. Songs of Oru Olai and the Praxis of Alternative Dalit Christian Modernities in India. Edited by Jonathan Dueck and Suzel Ana Reily. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859993.013.14.
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This chapter addresses an alternative Dalit Christian modernity transmitted and practiced through song and drumming in Tamil Nadu, India. Using two examples of the praxis of sharing, I analyze expressions of agency by the caste and gender oppressed that shows an awareness of discourses of liberation in both the bible and the modern world outside the caste-inflected village. Daily practice of economic sustainability through community finds its musical analogy in folk music’s potential for re-creation, unity, accessibility, and common ownership by the oppressed. I theorize this as an indigenous religio-political cosmopolitanism, expressed by Dalits as a discourse of supra-localism and spirituality that reverses the discourse of caste impurity and pollution. These cases show the historical and contemporary nature of Christian transnational flow in the form of theology, politics, and utopian community, its dialogical process of indigenization, and the process of cross-cultural musical exchange to (re)make Christianity meaningful through local musical reconstruction.
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Ogorzalek, Thomas K. Urbanicity, City Delegations, and Two-Dimensional Liberalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190668877.003.0002.
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This theoretical chapter develops the argument that the conditions of cities—large, densely populated, heterogeneous communities—generate distinctive governance demands supporting (1) market interventions and (2) group pluralism. Together, these positions constitute the two dimensions of progressive liberalism. Because of the nature of federalism, such policies are often best pursued at higher levels of government, which means that cities must present a united front in support of city-friendly politics. Such unity is far from assured on the national level, however, because of deep divisions between and within cities that undermine cohesive representation. Strategies for success are enhanced by local institutions of horizontal integration developed to address the governance demands of urbanicity, the effects of which are felt both locally and nationally in the development of cohesive city delegations and a unified urban political order capable of contending with other interests and geographical constituencies in national politics.
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Poore, Gary CB, Shane T. Ahyong, and Joanne Taylor, eds. Biology of Squat Lobsters. CSIRO Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104341.
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Squat lobsters of the superfamilies Chirostyloidea and Galatheoidea are highly visible crustaceans on seamounts, continental margins, shelf environments, hydrothermal vents and coral reefs. About 1000 species are known. They frequently feature in deep-sea images taken by submersibles and are caught in large numbers by benthic dredges. Some species are so locally abundant that they form ‘red tides’. Others support a variety of important fisheries.
The taxonomy of squat lobsters has been intensively studied over the past few decades, making them one of the best known deepwater crustacean groups. As a result, they have attracted the attention of deep-sea ecologists who use them as proxies to test hypotheses about deepwater ecological processes and biogeography. Interest in squat lobsters now extends much more widely than the taxonomic research community and this work is a timely synthesis of what is known about these animals. The Biology of Squat Lobsters provides keys for identification and reviews the current state of knowledge of the taxonomy, evolution, life history, distribution, ecology and fisheries of squat lobsters.
A striking feature of squat lobsters is their vivid coloration, which is revealed in a selection of spectacular images of different species.
2012 Whitley Award Commendation for Invertebrate Natural History.
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Nelson, Rebecca, and Richard Coe. Agroecological Intensification of Smallholder Farming. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.006.
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The smallholder farmers who cultivate many of the planet’s diverse production systems are faced with numerous challenges, including poverty, shrinking farm sizes, degrading natural resources, and climate variability and change. Efforts to improve the performance of smallholder farming systems focus on improving access to input and output markets, improving farm resource use efficiency, and improving resources invested in smallholder farming. In order to support market-oriented production and self-provisioning, there is a need for greater focus on agroecological intensification (AEI) of smallholder production systems. This chapter provides an overview of some of the research frontiers supporting AEI. Market-oriented and agroecological approaches may or may not conflict, and more effort should be made to ensure that they are mutually reinforcing. To be reliable, value chains must be founded on sound production ecology. Agroecological options may be limited if farmers cannot participate in markets that support investment in the intensification and diversification of these systems. Because options must be adapted to farmers’ heterogeneous and dynamic contexts, successful AEI will require that specifics be optimized locally. Researchers must therefore understand and communicate relevant agroecological principles, and farmers and intermediaries must develop their capacity to adapt the principles to local needs and realities.
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Whatmore-Thomson, Helen J. Nazi Camps and their Neighbouring Communities. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789772.001.0001.
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Across Europe the Nazis established their concentration camps close to local communities. These communities were not perpetrators like the Nazis or victims like the internees. Yet they did not simply stand by aloof, untouched by the presence of such institutions. During the war local populations interacted with their nearby camps, willingly and unwillingly facilitating operations for the perpetrators as well as aiding inmates. Afterwards, the camps were often reused as internment camps, then as prisons, military compounds, or housing encampments. Over time, many were transformed into sites of memory to mark Nazi persecution. The fates of camps were often determined by governments and groups of survivors, but the steps taken to achieve those ends occurred on local territory and had direct implications for localized communities. Locals, therefore, continued to interact with camp legacies. Adopting a micro-historical comparative approach, this book examines how local populations evolved to live with ‘their’ Nazi camps. Using three case studies of major camps in Western Europe—Natzweiler-Struthof, Neuengamme, and Vught—it evaluates the different sorts of locality–camp relationships that developed in France, Germany, and the Netherlands during wartime, and how these played out in post-war scenarios of reuse and memorialization. It traces the contested developments of these camp sites in the changing political climates of the post-war years, and explores the interrelationships between local and national memory. These local communities were commonly scarred by their proximity to atrocity, but the nature of their involvements in the aftermath of the camps has varied significantly.
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Baulieu, Laurent, John Iliopoulos, and Roland Sénéor. From Classical to Quantum Fields. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788393.001.0001.
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Quantum field theory has become the universal language of most modern theoretical physics. This book is meant to provide an introduction to this subject with particular emphasis on the physics of the fundamental interactions and elementary particles. It is addressed to advanced undergraduate, or beginning graduate, students, who have majored in physics or mathematics. The ambition is to show how these two disciplines, through their mutual interactions over the past hundred years, have enriched themselves and have both shaped our understanding of the fundamental laws of nature. The subject of this book, the transition from a classical field theory to the corresponding Quantum Field Theory through the use of Feynman’s functional integral, perfectly exemplifies this connection. It is shown how some fundamental physical principles, such as relativistic invariance, locality of the interactions, causality and positivity of the energy, form the basic elements of a modern physical theory. The standard theory of the fundamental forces is a perfect example of this connection. Based on some abstract concepts, such as group theory, gauge symmetries, and differential geometry, it provides for a detailed model whose agreement with experiment has been spectacular. The book starts with a brief description of the field theory axioms and explains the principles of gauge invariance and spontaneous symmetry breaking. It develops the techniques of perturbation theory and renormalisation with some specific examples. The last Chapters contain a presentation of the standard model and its experimental successes, as well as the attempts to go beyond with a discussion of grand unified theories and supersymmetry.
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Johansen, Anja. Police–Public Relations. Edited by Paul Knepper and Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.40.
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Over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the meaning of “public-oriented policing” has changed, with great variations between countries. This essay critically analyzes the dichotomy that has often been established between police–public relations in Anglo-American contexts as the model of public-oriented “democratic policing” and police–public relations in continental Europe. Using examples from Britain, the United States, France, and Germany, this essay argues that interpretations by historians and police scholars of the nature of police–public relations have been fundamentally influenced by the political regime they served, and that the positive appreciation among scholars for the principles behind the Anglo-American ideal of police–public relations has often been accepted uncritically. Examples from France and Germany open wider questions about the impact of democratization on police–public relations, the effects of locally organized police on even-handed and responsive policing, and the influence of militarized policing on violence in police–public relations.
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Fischer, Frank. Urban Sustainability, Eco-Cities, and Transition Towns: Resilience Planning as Apolitical Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594917.003.0010.
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After having explored various locally oriented projects in participatory governance that present practical alternatives to the theory of deliberative democracy, this chapter examines the democratic participatory potentials and realities of other local initiatives. It looks at the participatory activities of cities, including large cities, with a particular focus on the role for citizens in programs designed for adaptive responses to the consequences of climate change. Sponsored by city officials, these participatory initiatives are seen to be largely top-down in nature and not generally democratic per se. We then turn to the Transition Town movement, often cited by environmentalists as a progressive ecological alternative founded on citizen engagement. The participatory activities of this movement, while ecologically credible, are shown not to be geared to the furtherance of democratic practices. One main reason has to do with its emphasis on the theory of resilience, which ignores the political questions raised by ecological transition.
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Nagar, Richa. Traveling and Crossing, Dreaming and Becoming. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038792.003.0006.
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This chapter is based on writing that the author undertook with members of Sangtin Kisaan Mazdoor Sangathan (SKMS) in Hindi and English between 2004 and 2012, as well as on her own reflections on that writing. It traces the beginnings of the creative journey with sangtins that led to the making of the collaborative book Sangtin Yatra (Anupamlata et al. 2004, Sangtin Lekhak Samooh 2012), and analyzes the political battles that emerged from this yatra in multiple sites. It begins with a brief sketch of Sangtin Yatra and its meanings for the authors' intellectual and political growth as an alliance across borders. The two subsequent sections consider the effects of Sangtin Yatra, and how these inserted the collective into struggles around the politics of knowledge production in institutional sites that the collective had not encountered before. Finally, it reflects on the manner in which the transnational nature of the alliance has enabled critical engagements with structures and norms of professionalism and expertise locally, regionally, nationally, and transnationally, as well as the limitations and contradictions that remain buried in these engagements.
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Evans-Powell, David. The Blood on Satan's Claw. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348349.001.0001.
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Widely regarded as one of the foundational 'Unholy Trinity' of folk horror film, The Blood on Satan's Claw (1971) has been comparatively over-shadowed, if not maligned, when compared to Witchfinder General (1968) and The Wicker Man (1973). While those horror bedfellows are now accepted as classics of British cinema, Piers Haggard's film remains undervalued, ironically so, given that it was Haggard who coined the term 'folk horror' in relation to his film. In this Devil's Advocate - the first monograph dedicated solely to an analysis of the film, and released to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the film’s release - David Evans-Powell explores the place of the film in the wider context of the folk horror sub-genre; its use of a seventeenth-century setting (which it shares with contemporaries such as Witchfinder General and Cry of the Banshee) in contrast to the generic nineteenth-century locales of Hammer; the influences of contemporary counter-culture and youth movement on the film; the importance of localism and landscape; the relationship between cultural notions of nature and civilisation; and the film as an expression of a wider contemporary crisis in English identity.
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Liu, Chih-Chieh. Denaturalizing Coco’s “Sexy” Hips. Edited by Melissa Blanco Borelli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199897827.013.018.
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This chapter, starting from a seemingly standardized dance promotion in Mandarin pop, one of the dominant music genres in East Asia, attempts to reveal the cultural logics and to denaturalize the corporeal discourses behind what is commonly perceived as the “naturally” spectacular hip movement of a Chinese-American superstar, Coco Lee, whose dance is, in Taiwan, often linked with the idea of “sexiness” and “American-ness.” Calling upon Judith Butler’s idea of performativity (1990) in tandem with Richard Dyer’s notion of star image (1979) and the concept of the dancing body (Thomas 1995; Foster 1996), this chapter, using music video analysis (Vernallis 2004; Beebe and Middleton 2007), delineates Coco’sHip Hop Tonight(2006) to point out the contradictions and reversals of the body in contemporary multimedial context in that “sexiness” is desexualized, “American-ness” is Sinocized, and the meaning of “Chinese-ness” continues to shift according to local cultural and political sensibilities. In this process, music video becomes an intersecting point in which cultural boundaries negotiate and body politics fight to gain the upper hand, revealing a web of complex power struggles in Taiwan where meaning of the body is locally produced yet globally contested.
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Jin, Dal Yong. Digital Hallyu 2.0: Transnationalization of Local Digital Games. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.003.0007.
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This chapter maps out the growth of locally based digital games. In the twenty-first century, the New Korean Wave has been expanding with the rapid growth of digital culture, in particular with online gaming. The rapid growth of the Korean digital game industry, including online gaming, and its export into the Western market have raised a fundamental question of whether digital culture has changed the nature of the Korean Wave, from a regionally focused intracultural flow to include a Western-focused contraflow. The chapter attempts to discuss the ways in which local online games, in particular massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), have advanced contraflow. In addition, it discusses a changing trend in the digital game sector, which has been occurring due to both the increasing role of China's game industries and the emergence of mobile gaming in the smartphone era. It also maps out the process by which Korean online games are appropriated for Western game users in a form of “glocalization”in both content and structure. Finally, the chapter articulates whether this new trend can diminish an asymmetrical cultural flow between the West and the East.
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Forshaw, Joseph, and William Cooper. Pigeons and Doves in Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486304042.
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Possibly the most successful urban birds, pigeons and doves in the Order Columbiformes are one of the most easily recognised groups. They are an ancient and very successful group with an almost worldwide distribution and are most strongly represented in tropical and subtropical regions, including Australia. In most species simple plumage patterns feature mainly grey and brown with black, white or dull reddish markings, but the highly colourful fruit-doves include some of the most beautiful of all birds.
From dense rainforests of north Queensland, where brilliantly plumaged Superb Fruit-Doves Ptilinopus superbus are heard more easily than seen, to cold, windswept heathlands of Tasmania, where Brush Bronzewings Phaps elegans are locally common, most regions of Australia are frequented by one or more species. For more than a century after arrival of the First Fleet, interest in these birds focused on the eating qualities of larger species. In addition to contributing to declines of local populations in some parts of Australia, excessive hunting brought about the extinction of two species on Lord Howe Island and another species on Norfolk Island.
In Pigeons and Doves in Australia, Joseph Forshaw and William Cooper have summarised our current knowledge of all species, including those occurring on Christmas, Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, and with superb artwork have given readers a visual appreciation of the birds in their natural habitats. Historical accounts of extinct species are also included. Detailed information on management practices for all species is presented, ensuring that Pigeons and Doves in Australia will become the standard reference work on these birds for ornithologists and aviculturists.
Winner of a 2015 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Illustrated Text.