Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural locality'
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Futrell, Richard Landy Jones. "Memory and locality in natural language." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114075.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 189-211).
I explore the hypothesis that the universal properties of human languages can be explained in terms of efficient communication given fixed human information processing constraints. I argue that under short-term memory constraints, optimal languages should exhibit information locality: words that depend on each other, both in their interpretation and in their statistical distribution, should be close to each other in linear order. The informationtheoretic approach to natural language motivates a study of quantitative syntax in Chapter 2, focusing on word order flexibility. In Chapter 3, I show comprehensive corpus evidence from over 40 languages that word order in grammar and usage is shaped by working memory constraints in the form of dependency locality: a pressure for syntactically linked words to be close. In Chapter 4, I develop a new formal model of language processing cost, called noisy-context surprisal, based on rational inference over noisy memory representations. This model unifies surprisal and memory effects and derives dependency locality effects as a subset of information locality effects. I show that the new processing model also resolves a long-standing paradox in the psycholinguistic literature, structural forgetting, where the effects of memory appear to be language-dependent. In the conclusion I discuss connections to probabilistic grammars, endocentricity, duality of patterning, incremental planning, and deep reinforcement learning.
by Richard Landy Jones Futrell.
Ph. D. in Cognitive Science
Bezerra, Clauber Gomes. "Localiza??o de um rob? m?vel usando odometria e marcos naturais." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15411.
Full textSeveral methods of mobile robot navigation request the mensuration of robot position and orientation in its workspace. In the wheeled mobile robot case, techniques based on odometry allow to determine the robot localization by the integration of incremental displacements of its wheels. However, this technique is subject to errors that accumulate with the distance traveled by the robot, making unfeasible its exclusive use. Other methods are based on the detection of natural or artificial landmarks present in the environment and whose location is known. This technique doesnt generate cumulative errors, but it can request a larger processing time than the methods based on odometry. Thus, many methods make use of both techniques, in such a way that the odometry errors are periodically corrected through mensurations obtained from landmarks. Accordding to this approach, this work proposes a hybrid localization system for wheeled mobile robots in indoor environments based on odometry and natural landmarks. The landmarks are straight lines de.ned by the junctions in environments floor, forming a bi-dimensional grid. The landmark detection from digital images is perfomed through the Hough transform. Heuristics are associated with that transform to allow its application in real time. To reduce the search time of landmarks, we propose to map odometry errors in an area of the captured image that possesses high probability of containing the sought mark
Diversos m?todos de navega??o de rob?s m?veis requerem a medi??o da posi??o e orienta??o do rob? no seu espa?o de trabalho. No caso de rob?s m?veis com rodas, t?cnicas baseadas em odometria permitem determinar a localiza??o do rob? atrav?s da integra??o de medi??es dos deslocamentos incrementais de suas rodas. No entanto, essa t?cnica est? sujeita a erros que se acumulam com a dist?ncia percorrida pelo rob?, o que inviabiliza o seu uso exclusivo. Outros m?todos se baseiam na detec??o de marcos naturais ou artificiais, cuja localiza??o ? conhecida, presentes no ambiente. Apesar desta t?cnica n?o gerar erros cumulativos, ela pode requisitar um tempo de processamento bem maior do que o uso de odometria. Assim, muitos m?todos fazem uso de ambas as t?cnicas, de modo a corrigir periodicamente os erros de odometria, atrav?s de medi??es obtidas a partir dos marcos. De acordo com esta abordagem, propomos neste trabalho um sistema h?brido de localiza??o para rob?s m?veis com rodas em ambientes internos, baseado em odometria e marcos naturais, onde os marcos adotados s?o linhas retas definidas pelas jun??es existentes no piso do ambiente, formando uma grade bi-dimensional no ch?o. Para a detec??o deste tipo de marco, a partir de imagens digitais, ? utilizada a transformada de Hough, associada a heur?sticas que permitem a sua aplica??o em tempo real. Em particular, para reduzir o tempo de busca dos marcos, propomos mapear erros de odometria em uma regi?o da imagem capturada que possua grande probabilidade de conter o marco procurado
Win, Maung Aye. "Ecological Studies on Locally-managed Mangrove Forests in Taninthayi Region, Myanmar." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253396.
Full textCabras, Flaminia. "Forests as a natural seismic metabarrier: analysis of interaction between trees and Rayleigh waves." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15200/.
Full textHoolachan, Andrew. "Scalar politics : sustainability planning under Localism and the delivery of London's Olympic legacy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269398.
Full textGibson, Sean. "Investigating the feasibility of a locally developed carbon-offsetting scheme : the case of the Drifters Desert Nature Reserve." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20210.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the context of both climate change and peak oil, it is clear that the tourism industry cannot continue with a business-as-usual approach. Unfettered fossil fuel use is no longer an option and novel approaches need to be explored in order to change the configuration of energy systems. Transport is particularly energy intense and consequently, since it involves travel, so is tourism. The Drifters Desert Nature Reserve (DDNR) is probably a net carbon sink. The property is large and has thousands of long lived trees and bushes: but this would be an ‘easy out’ in an industry which is has a reputation for evading tough questions. Are there affordable techniques that can be employed by the Reserve that will reduce its carbon footprint and enable it to move toward being entirely carbon neutral, without relying on sequestration? A willingness to pay (WTP) survey investigating if clients were prepared to pay a voluntary amount towards reducing the emissions of the DDNR, thereby offsetting some of their own emissions, was conducted; 121 questionnaires were completed. The results were extrapolated out to represent the WTP of the 1055 clients that visited the DDNR in the last year. It was found that 73% of all the clients who stay at the DDNR are willing to pay toward helping the DDNR change the way its systems are configured as a means to offset some of their own emissions debt in getting to the reserve. Lodge clients were prepared to pay almost double the amount clients staying at the campsite would consider. In both cases, WTP was around 10% of the value of the accommodation package chosen. The fossil fuel use and consequent carbon dioxide debt of the DDNR was calculated and emissions were found to be in the region of 30 tonnes per annum. As per the case in the greater Namibia, transport is responsible for the bulk of the carbon dioxide output, with energy provision in this off-grid reserve being a close second. Of four potential interventions considered, two were found to be financially viable, regardless of the WTP of clientele. It is speculated that WTP on a small scale is administratively laborious and the potential contribution of a voluntary offsetting payment was perhaps not high to justify the implementation of the scheme. It was however found that reconfiguring the energy systems would definitely be a worthwhile exercise. On corporate level where efficiencies of size amplify gains, Drifters, as a group of 14 lodges and an overland company, may well find that a transparent voluntary emissions reduction (VER) payment, ring-fenced, appropriately used, and properly implemented, is worthwhile. Ethically, however, injecting VER payments into a balance sheet is problematic, especially where the payback period of the technological interventions is short and the benefits derived are long term.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van fossielbrandstowwe wat in die huidige tydsgewrig tot die opwekking van oormatige kweekhuisgasse lei is nie langer aanvaarbaar nie en innoverende opsies om die voortgesette generasie van energie te verseker, sal nagestreef moet word. Een van die grootste verbruikers van energie is vervoer, en vervolgens is dit ook die geval dat toerisme, wat swaar op vervoer staatmaak, ‘n groot gebruiker van energie is. Aangesien daar etlike gevestigde bome en bosse op hierdie woestynreservaat is, is die Drifters Desert Nature Reserve (DDNR) moontlik ‘n netto bespaarder van koolstofgasse, maar dit kan nie sondermeer daargelaat word in ‘n bedryf wat bekend is daarvoor dat dit graag die moeilike vrae vermy nie. Daar is dus gevra: is daar bekostigbare tegnieke wat moontlik by die DDBR aangewend kan word om die koolstofvoetafdruk te verminder en dit in staat kan stel om totaal koolstofneutraal te word, sonder om op ingryping staat te maak? Navorsing is gedoen en 121 vraelyste is voltooi om vas te stel of kliente gewillig sou wees om ‘n vrywillige bydrae te maak om die afskeid van koolstof te beheer en daardeur hul eie koolstofvoetafrdruk te verminder, in ‘n sg “gewilligheid om te betaal” oftewel “willingness to pay” (WTP) opname. Die resultate is deurgevoer as verteenwoordigend van die 1 055 kliente wat verlede jaar die oord besoek het. Daar is gevind dat 73% van die kliente wat die oord besoek bereid sou wees om die DDNR geldelik te help om sy stelsels te verander as ‘n teenrekening om hul eie koolstofbesoedeling op pad daarheen te vergoed. Kliente wat die losie gebruik het was bereid om meer te betaal as diegene wat by die kampeerterrein tuisgegaan het. Die hele reservaat se jaarlikse koolstofdioksied debiet is bereken, en die jaarlikse opwekking is op ongeveer 30-tonne vasgestel. Nes in Namibie as geheel is vervoeruitlaatgasse verantwoordelik vir die oorgrote meerderheid opwekking, met die voorsiening van energie by die afgelee oord kort op sy hakke. Van die vier moontlike ingrypings wat oorweeg is, is twee finansieel die moeite werd gevind, ongeag die kliente se gewilligheid om geldelik by te dra. Die bestuur van aanvraag is ook oorweeg, en hoewel dit nie gekwantifiseer is nie, is dit nes die moontlikheid van tegnologiese innovering, duidelik deel van die oplossing, Daar is gevind dat ‘n stelsel van betaling op plaaslike vlak moeilik sou wees om die administreer, en aangesien selfs die gewilliges nie oorgretig is nie, is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat dit nie die moeite sou loon nie. Ongeag bogenoemde beginsel van toersitebydraes is daar gevind dat dit ongetwyfeld die moeite werd sou wees om die energiestelsels aan te pas. Maar dit sal nie noodwendig op ‘n korporatiewe of ‘n makro-skaal werk nie, veral nie waar grote ‘n rol speel nie. As maatskappygroep mag Drifters vind dat met ‘n deursigtige, vrywillige uitlaatverminderingspaaiement, wat afgebaken, korrek aangewend en effektief bestuur word, die kool die sous werd sou wees.
Beltrame, Massimo. "Le produzioni fittili tra il bronzo antico ed il bronzo medio nell' area Toscana e l'influenza delle risorse naturali locali sulle tecniche di fabricazione e sulle caratteristiche dei manufatti." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Tomar. Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/6078.
Full text”As produções cerâmicas entre Antiga Idade do Bronze e Média Idade do Bronze na área da Toscânia e a influência dos recursos naturais...As características tecnológicas desoa para a realação, quer na Idade sucessivos períodos disponibilidade desta matéria primeira, juntamente com a vasta difusão de cerâmica feita com este material, indicam, desde a Idade do Bronze, escolhas tecnológicas muito cuidadosas, uma difusão das conhecenças tecnológicas e uma conhecença pormenorizada do terreno a nível regional.
Hoch, Douglas E. "Natural density pairs and the basis-set locality of operators." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35692563.html.
Full textNahnsen, Thade, Ozlem Uzuner, and Boris Katz. "Lexical Chains and Sliding Locality Windows in Content-based Text Similarity Detection." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30546.
Full textPreusslerová, Jitka. "Alternativní a doplňkové ekonomické systémy v praxi." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405794.
Full textProcházková, Petra. "Lužní les Hluchov a lesopark Houšťka s využitím ve výuce přírodopisu a biologie." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436534.
Full textCibíková, Markéta. "Přírodovědná exkurze do Krčského lesa." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-365520.
Full textDymák, Petr. "Přírodovědné vycházky pro žáky základní školy v regionu Podblanicka." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354110.
Full textKŘIKLAVA, Jan. "Evropsky významná lokalita Žofínský prales - Pivonické skály, možnosti zpřístupnění a edukace." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-156448.
Full textSankar, Chinnadhurai. "Neural approaches to dialog modeling." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24802.
Full textThis thesis by article consists of four articles which contribute to the field of deep learning, specifically in understanding and learning neural approaches to dialog systems. The first article takes a step towards understanding if commonly used neural dialog architectures effectively capture the information present in the conversation history. Through a series of perturbation experiments on popular dialog datasets, wefindthatcommonly used neural dialog architectures like recurrent and transformer-based seq2seq models are rarely sensitive to most input context perturbations such as missing or reordering utterances, shuffling words, etc. The second article introduces a simple and cost-effective way to collect large scale datasets for modeling task-oriented dialog systems. This approach avoids the requirement of a com-plex argument annotation schema. The initial release of the dataset includes 13,215 task-based dialogs comprising six domains and around 8k unique named entities, almost 8 times more than the popular MultiWOZ dataset. The third article proposes to improve response generation quality in open domain dialog systems by jointly modeling the utterances with the dialog attributes of each utterance. Dialog attributes of an utterance refer to discrete features or aspects associated with an utterance like dialog-acts, sentiment, emotion, speaker identity, speaker personality, etc. The final article introduces an embedding-free method to compute word representations on-the-fly. This approach significantly reduces the memory footprint which facilitates de-ployment in on-device (memory constraints) devices. Apart from being independent of the vocabulary size, we find this approach to be inherently resilient to common misspellings.
Machuca-Mory, David Francisco. "Geostatistics with location-dependent statistics." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1275.
Full textMining Engineering
Rohrer, Joël Maxime. "Effectiveness of locally managed marine protected areas in the Visayas, Negros Oriental Province, Philippines." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/5778.
Full textNo-take marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established as a management strategy to conserve biodiversity and sustain fisheries. When properly managed, such areas can maintain or increase reef productivity and also benefit surrounding areas, providing catch for fishermen. In the Philippines, most MPAs are usually small (<1 km2) and locally managed, and most present poor levels of enforcement. Five locally managed MPAs located in Negros Oriental were studied in order to test the effectiveness of such MPAs. The objectives were to compare fish biomass, richness, abundance, diversity and evenness values between MPAs and adjacent fished sites and see how they varied between the different enforcement levels, sizes, and ages of these MPAs. Underwater visual census was carried out to record and measure fish from 76 indicator species inside and outside MPAs from September 2016 to February 2017. Data analysis showed that fish population parameter values were only higher inside certain MPAs when compared to fished areas. Two MPAs were found to be the most effective in the region, exhibiting greater species biomass, richness, density, diversity and evenness than non-MPAs. On the other hand, three MPAs were found to be ineffective, exhibiting similar fish population parameters than non-MPA sites. From the studied parameters, only enforcement level played a significant role in the effectiveness of these MPAs. Small and locally managed MPAs can benefit fish populations, but only when properly managed and enforced. Certain areas need further investments from the municipalities to be able to be effective and properly conserve fish populations.
As áreas marinhas protegidas (AMPs) de proteção total foram estabelecidas como uma estratégia de gestão para conservar a biodiversidade e sustentar a pesca. Quando administradas adequadamente, tais áreas podem manter ou aumentar a produtividade dos recifes e beneficiar as áreas circundantes, proporcionando captura para os pescadores. Nas Filipinas, a maioria das AMPs são pequenas (<1 km2), gerenciadas localmente, e a maioria apresentam níveis baixos de vigilância. Foram estudadas cinco AMPs localmente administradas em Negros Oriental para testar a eficácia destas. Os objetivos foram comparar a biomassa dos peixes, a riqueza, a abundância, a diversidade e a uniformidade entre AMPs e locais adjacentes abertos à pesca e ver como eles variavam entre os diferentes níveis de vigilância, tamanhos e idades das AMPs. Censos visuais subaquáticos foram realizados para registar e medir peixes de 76 espécies indicadoras dentro e fora das AMPs de Setembro de 2016 a Fevereiro de 2017. A análise de dados mostrou que os valores dos parâmetros estudados eram maiores apenas dentro de algumas AMPs. Duas AMPs foram consideradas eficazes na região, apresentando maior biomassa, riqueza, densidade e uniformidade de espécies. Por outro lado, três AMPs pareceram ser ineficazes, exibindo valores semelhantes aos das áreas de pesca. Dentre os parâmetros estudados, somente o nível de vigilância desempenhou um papel importante na eficácia dessas AMPs. Este tipo de AMPs podem beneficiar as populações de peixes, mas somente quando devidamente gerenciadas e vigiladas. Certas áreas precisam de mais investimentos dos municípios para serem eficazes e conservar populações de peixes.
JÍRŮ, Petra. "Drobná architektura v táborské krajině a její nové poslání." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-47593.
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