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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural organic matter'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Sharp, Emma. "Natural organic matter coagulation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/2224.

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The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) is one of the main challenges facing water utilities in both the UK and the US. As a consequence of changes in land management and an increased carbon loss from solids, a greater amount of accumulated organics is now being flushed into the aquatic environment during increased surface run-off events such as snowmelt or heavy rainfall. Furthermore, whilst traditional treatment with trivalent coagulants has proven a successful strategy in the past, operational problems are now being reported during periods of elevated organic levels in the water. These
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2

Koprivnjak, Jean-François. "Natural Organic Matter: Isolation and Bioavailability." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14564.

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Electrodialysis (ED) experiments were conducted on reverse osmosis (RO)-concentrated solutions of NOM from six rivers. The ED processes successfully recovered 88 11% of TOC, and removed 83% 19% of SO42- and 67% 18% of H4SiO4. More importantly, the molar ratios of SO42- /TOC and H4SiO4 /TOC were reduced to a mean value of 0.0046 and 0.032, respectively, surpassing the goal for removal of SO42- (0.008) and almost achieving the goal for removal of H4SiO4 (0.021). The ED process can lower the SO42- /TOC ratio in samples whose initial SO42- /TOC ratios are already far below the limit of 0.008
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3

Koprivnjak, Jean-Franȯis. "Natural organic matter isolation and bioavailability /." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082007-154052/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.<br>Perdue, E. Michael, Committee Chair ; Ingall, Ellery, Committee Member ; Stack, Andrew, Committee Member ; Nenes, Athanasios, Committee Member ; Pfromm, Peter, Committee Member.
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4

Klemedsson, Shicarra. "Flocculation of natural organic matter in Swedish lakes." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85118.

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Flocculation is an important part of the carbon cycle. It is therefore crucial to understand how flocculation is regulated and how different environmental factors impact. A dilemma is that it has been found difficult to measure flocculation experimentally. In this thesis, flocculation of dissolved organic carbon in a Swedish lake was measured in a series of laboratory experiments. The method used was Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). DLS is used to determine the size distribution profile of, for instance, small particles in suspension. DLS measures Brownian motion and relates it to the particle
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5

Gonsior, Michael, and n/a. "Dissolved organic matter in New Zealand natural waters." University of Otago. Department of Chemistry, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080501.114023.

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most dynamic and least understood part of the global oceanic carbon cycle. Furthermore the molecular composition of DOM is largely unknown. This study focused on the distribution pattern, removal processes and molecular characterisation of DOM in a range of estuaries and coastal zones in New Zealand. Doubtful Sound, the longest fjord in Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand was of particular interest, because of the combination of extreme rainfall, enhanced production of DOM within the temperate rainforest which largely appears in the relative
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6

McDonald, Adrian. "Fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in natural waters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243162.

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7

Odem, Wilbert Irwin Jr. "Natural Organic Matter Interactions with CU(II) in groundwater." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1991_471_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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8

Dennett, Keith Elliot. "Coagulation of natural dissolved organic matter using ferric chloride." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21438.

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9

Thoss, Vera. "Chemical characterisation of dissolved organic matter in natural matices." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310867.

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10

Jarvis, Peter. "The impact of natural organic matter on floc structure." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4559.

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The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) at water treatment works (WTW) is essential in order to prevent toxic compounds forming during subsequent disinfection. Coagulation and flocculation processes remain the most common way of removing NOM. The properties of the resulting flocs that form are fundamental to the efficient removal of organic material. Periods of elevated NOM loads at WTW can lead to operational problems as a result of the deterioration in floc structural quality. Assessment of floc physical characteristics can therefore be a crucial tool in order to determine and predict so
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11

Quinn, Gregory William. "Computer modelling of metal interactions with natural organic matter." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316355.

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12

Barros, Ana Carolina Cardoso Alves de. "Natural organic matter: study by two-dimensional liquid chromatography." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7814.

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Mestrado em Química<br>For the purpose of resolving the chemical heterogeneity of natural organic matter (NOM), comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC x LC) was employed for the first time to map the hydrophobicity and polarity vs. molecular weight (MW) distribution of the following complex organic mixtures: Suwannee River (SR-FA) and Pony Lake (PL-FA) Fulvic Acids, both obtained from the International Humic Substances Society, and water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from atmospheric aerosols. Two methods have been developed using either a conventional reversed-phase silica co
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13

Jayalath, Mudiyanselage Sanjaya Dilantha. "Surface adsorption of natural organic matter on engineered nanoparticles." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6440.

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Nanoparticles have gained growing attention of the scientific community over the past few decades due to their high potential to be used in diverse industrial applications. Nanoparticles often possess superior characteristics, such as catalytic activity, photochemical activity, and mechanical strength, compared to their bulk counterparts, making them more desirable in different industrial applications. During the past few decades, the use of the nanoparticles in various industries has been increased. With increasing usage release of nanoparticles into the environment has also increased. There
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14

Frankki, Sofia. "Association of organic compounds to dissolved and particulate natural organic matter in soils /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200652.pdf.

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15

van, Schaik Joris W. J. "Binding of metals to macromolecular organic acids in natural waters : does organic matter? /." Uppsala : Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200872.pdf.

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16

Ding, Chunli. "Organic cation-modified iron oxide-coated sand for adsorption of natural organic matter /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202009%20DING.

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17

García, Indiana. "Removal of natural organic matter by enhanced coagulation in Nicaragua." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-586.

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<p>The existence of trihalomethanes (THMs) in a drinking water plant of Nicaragua has been investigated in order to see whether the concentration exceeded the maximum contaminant level recommended by the environmental protection agency of the United States (USEPA) and the Nicaragua guidelines. The influence of pH, temperature, chlorine dose and contact time on the formation of THMs were studied. The contents of organic matter measured by surrogate parameters such as total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance and specific ultraviolet absorbance were also determined i
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18

Garcia, Indiana. "Removal of natural organic matter by enhanced coagulation in Nicaragua /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-586.

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19

Kulkarni, Harshad Vijay. "Biogeochemical interactions of natural organic matter with arsenic in groundwater." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32910.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Civil Engineering<br>David R. Steward<br>Groundwater contamination with arsenic (As), a naturally occurring metalloid, is a worldwide problem. Over 100 million people are at health risk due to arsenic contaminated groundwater, especially in the Bengal Basin in south-east Asia. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), geology and geomicrobiology are important factors affecting arsenic mobility. This study focuses on interactions of different aspects of natural organic matter in arsenic-contaminated environments. A literature review specifically includes past studies
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20

Faísca, Pedro Miguel Portela. "Comparison of organic matter decomposition between natural and artificial ponds." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/24405.

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Litter decomposition is a key ecosystem service within aquatic ecosystems and is a complex process that is sensitive to environmental factors. The role of microbial and macrofaunal decomposers, and how it changes across environmental gradients is not yet fully understood. Decomposition was assessed across 6 biogeographical regions to determine the role of macroinvertebrates in this ecosystem service. Decomposition was estimated using standardized cotton strips, which were deployed in the mesocosms of each region. The role of macroinvertebrates was tested with an exclusion experiment which allo
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21

Rosario, Fernando L. "Characterization of the polarity of natural organic matter in water." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251906571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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22

Bob, Mustafa M. "Enhanced removal of natural organic matter during lime-soda softening." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1047486107.

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Thesis (Ph. D)--Ohio State University, 2002.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxii, 119 p.: ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Harold W. Walker, Civil Engineering Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-119).
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23

Gao, Huizhen. "A new approach to fractionation of natural organic matter - using ion retardation resin." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29836.

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24

Bisinoti, Marcia Cristina. "Biogeoquimica aquatica do mercurio organico na Bacia do Rio Negro, Amazonia." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249639.

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Orientador: Wilson de Figueiredo Jardim<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T20:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bisinoti_MarciaCristina_D.pdf: 1949476 bytes, checksum: a702f967a817c83e250f6e74b334ddd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005<br>Doutorado<br>Quimica Analitica<br>Doutor em Ciências
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25

Sannigrahi, Poulomi. "Composition and cycling of natural organic matter: Insights from NMR spectroscopy." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11272005-094111/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.<br>Taillefert, Martial, Committee Member ; Weber, Rodney, Committee Member ; Stack, Andrew, Committee Member ; Benner, Ronald, Committee Member ; Ingall, Ellery, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.
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26

McEwen, Jeff. "Electrochemical regeneration of natural organic matter (NOM) loaded granular activated carbon." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26714.

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Granular activated carbon (GAC) is used in municipal drinking water treatment plants for the removal of organic compounds (natural and synthetic), taste and odour compounds, as well as for the removal of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Many alternative technologies for GAC regeneration, such as bioregeneration, chemical regeneration, chemical desorption regeneration, and steam regeneration, have been tested in attempts to overcome the shortcomings of thermal regeneration. In this study, the suitability of electrochemical regeneration for municipal drinking water systems was investigated. Thre
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27

Cho, Hyukjin. "2-Methylisoborneol and natural organic matter adsorption by powdered activated carbon." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1446113.

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28

Sun, Lu. "Isolation, characterization, and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in natural waters." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25761.

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29

Bergman, Lauren E. "Predicting Water Treatment Challenges From Source Water Natural Organic Matter Characterization." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/781.

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Natural Organic Matter (NOM), a pervasive component of natural waters, presents many challenges for water treatment systems. Its complex and heterogeneous nature makes NOM difficult to characterize and highly variable in its effect in water treatment. Two specific water treatment challenges caused by NOM and dependent on its character are disinfection by-product (DBP) formation and organic fouling in pressure-driven membranes. Many NOM characterization methods exist and have shown success in highly controlled laboratory settings; however, evaluating their effectiveness in full-scale systems to
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30

Adams, Jess. "The large scale understanding of natural organic matter : processes and application." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/88450/.

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Natural biogeochemical cycles of the macronutrient elements carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have been transformed by food and fuel production, through atmospheric pollution and climate change. Further, land disturbance has led to considerable losses of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystems. This investigation aims to explore and address several barriers to understanding natural organic matter cycling across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Soil organic matter (SOM) turnover models are often constrained by C and N, while data on organic P is lacking. Twenty UK soils were used to
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31

Zhou, Zhe. "Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation of ferrihydrite associated with natural organic matter." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6670.

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The association between natural organic matter (NOM) and iron (Fe) minerals was widely found in soil and sediments and has been shown to impact the fate of Fe minerals and NOM. Ferrihydrite, a ubiquitous Fe mineral, serves as important sink for NOM and rapidly transforms to secondary Fe minerals in the presence of Fe(II). The associated NOM has been found to influence the Fe(II)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformation pathway, but it remains unclear how various NOM affects this transformation and the implication. This study specifically investigates how different species of NOM affect Fe(II)-cat
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32

Storrar, Megan Denise. "Adsorption and desorption characteristics of natural organic matter in natural waters on granular activated carbon." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27183.

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The objective of this thesis was to study the adsorption and desorption characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed on granular activated carbon (GAC). Five different natural waters (Ottawa River, ON; St. Lawrence River, ON; Vars Ground Water, ON; Buffalo Pound Lake, SK; Ohio River, OH) were studied to see if the characteristic of irreversible adsorption was a universal phenomenon. This was studied by comparing desorption isotherms to adsorption isotherms. Preliminary long-term kinetic studies were used to ensure that the contact time was sufficient for equilibrium. The waters wer
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33

Papathanasiou, Grigorios. "The role of natural organic matter in controlling the fate of A1 in natural waters." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532237.

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34

Musella, Jennifer Suzanne. "Impact of Plant Organic Matter on PAH Desorption from Petrogenic-Polluted Sediments." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12142006-113455/.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability does not correlate directly with total PAH sediment concentration because PAHs strongly sorb to organic matter. Many current toxicological models assume that PAHs present in the dissolved phase reflect actual PAH bioavailability to organisms. Plants can release significant amounts of plant organic matter (POM) to soils and sediments; however, the mechanisms by which POM may affect PAH bioavailability in sediments are unclear. The rhizosphere may increase PAH bioavailability by destabilizing soil organic matter (SOM) and enhancing PAH desorp
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35

Allpike, Bradley. "Size exclusion chromatography as a tool for natural organic matter characterisation in drinking water treatment." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/658.

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Natural organic matter (NOM), ubiquitous in natural water sources, is generated by biogeochemical processes in both the water body and in the surrounding watershed, as well as from the contribution of organic compounds that enter the water as a result of human activity. NOM significantly affects the properties of the water source, including the ability to transport metals, influence the aggregation kinetics of colloidal particles, serve as a food source for microorganisms and act as a precursor in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), as well as imparting a brown colour to the wate
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36

Nurmi, James Thomas. "Physical environmental electrochemistry : electrochemical properties of natural organic matter and iron powders /." Full text open access at:, 2005. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,51.

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37

Sanly, Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Applications of advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of natural organic matter." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Chemical Sciences & Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43624.

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Natural organic matter (NOM) occurs ubiquitously in drinking water supplies and is problematic since it serves as a precursor to disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation. Stricter DBP regulations will drive utilities to consider advanced treatment processes for DBP control through NOM removal. Herein, the transformation of NOM in homogeneous (UVA/H2O2 and UVA/Fe/H2O2) and heterogeneous (UVA/TiO2) Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were studied. Organic matter from three different sources was investigated in this work, specifically a commercial humic acid, and two Australian surface water so
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38

Zachman, Bradley A. "Understanding and predicting natural organic matter adsorption by granular activated carbon columns." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p1430179.

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39

Leskinen, Anumaija. "Investigations of the use of natural organic matter as a remediation material." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8471.

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Industrial activities and accidental releases often introduce a large amount of inorganic and organic contaminants to the environment. Humic substances interact strongly with metals and organic pollutants. In this study, this property was exploited in order to establish new remediation materials in two environmental applications and in one pharmaceutical application. The two remediation materials under investigation were sludge and sediment, ST sludge and CE sludge, respectively. The first application aimed at investigating the use of the remediation materials to remove arsenic, iron, and uran
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40

Gerringer, Fredrick Wayne. "Relationships between natural organic matter characteristics, reverse osmosis pretreatment and membrane performance." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1709046701&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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41

Berwick, Lyndon. "Characterisation of aquatic natural organic matter by micro-scale sealed vessel pyrolysis." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/849.

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The analytical capacity of MSSV pyrolysis has been used to extend the structural characterisation of aquatic natural organic matter (NOM). NOM can contribute to various potable water issues and is present in high concentrations (> 5 mg L-1) in many Australian source supplies. NOM can also impede the filtration performance of ultrafiltration or other membranes used in the increasingly popular practices of desalination and wastewater treatment. Characterisation studies that provide a detailed understanding of the origins, structural features and reactivity of NOM in source waters will help predi
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42

Sch??fer, Andrea Iris Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Natural Organics Removal using Membranes." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 1999. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20695.

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Membrane processes are increasingly used in water treatment. Experiments were performed using stirred cell equipment, polymeric membranes and synthetic surface water containing natural organics, inorganic colloids and their aggregates, and cations. All processes could remove a significant amount of natural organics. Pretreatment with ferric chloride was required to achieve significant organic removal with MF and high MWCO UF. Additionally, fouling mechanisms for the three processes were investigated. Crucial parameters were aggregate characteristics (fractal structure, stability, organic-collo
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43

Allpike, Bradley. "Size exclusion chromatography as a tool for natural organic matter characterisation in drinking water treatment." Curtin University of Technology, Dept. of Applied Chemistry, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18675.

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Natural organic matter (NOM), ubiquitous in natural water sources, is generated by biogeochemical processes in both the water body and in the surrounding watershed, as well as from the contribution of organic compounds that enter the water as a result of human activity. NOM significantly affects the properties of the water source, including the ability to transport metals, influence the aggregation kinetics of colloidal particles, serve as a food source for microorganisms and act as a precursor in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), as well as imparting a brown colour to the wate
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44

JASPER, ANTHONY JOHN. "Impact of Nanoparticles and Natural Organic Matter on the Removal of Organic Pollutants by Activated Carbon Adsorption." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1218743967.

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45

Ståhlberg, Carina. "Mineralisation rates of natural organic matter in surface sediments affected by physical forces." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8332.

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<p>Nedbrytning av organiskt material är en nyckelfaktor som påverkar omvandlingar av de många grundämnen som utgör eller är associerade till just organiskt material. En stor del av nedbrytningen av akvatiskt organiskt material (OM) sker i gränsskiktet mellan sediment och vatten. Eftersom så många biogeokemiska cykler styrs av nedbrytningen av OM är det viktigt att ha kunskap om processer och påverkansfaktorer både på mikro- och makronivå. Mineraliseringshastigheten av OM är en vanligt förekommande mätparameter, men vanligtvis inkluderar mätningarna inte de naturliga processer som kan påverka n
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46

Kalibbala, Herbert Mpagi. "Removal of Natural Organic Matter and Control of Trihalomethanes Formation in Water Treatment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102091.

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Volcanic ash, pumice and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) were investigated as indigenous materials for removal of natural organic matter (NOM) at Kampala and Masaka water treatment plants in Uganda. Coagulation and filtration experiments were done using raw water at Kampala (Ggaba) and Masaka (Boma) National Water &amp; Sewerage Corporation water treatment plants. Assessment of the two plants was done and they were found to be faced with differing challenges given the nature of their raw water sources. Therefore, the study was conducted to seek appropriate treatment processes that suite the con
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47

Huang, Wenxi. "Characterizing the Molecular Structure and Reactivity of Natural Organic Matter in The Everglades." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2636.

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Mangroves are the dominant vegetation in Everglades estuarine environment and are known to contain polyphenols such as tannins, which present similar fluorescence properties as some amino acid fluorophores. In the present study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to quantify gallic acid, which is a normal monomer of polyphenols. The quantitative GC/MS analytical method was developed using gallic acid and tannic acid standards to quantify the false ‘protein-like’ fluorescence in DOM. The present study also compared the optical properties, reactive species (RS) production and
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48

Goslan, Emma Harriet. "Natural organic matter character and reactivity : assessing seasonal variation in a moorland water." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/101.

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Natural organic matter (NOM) is described as an intricate mixture of organic compounds that occurs universally in ground and surface waters. After treatment for potable use, there is NOM remaining in the water that reacts with the chlorine used for disinfection to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). Some of the DBPs, trihalomethanes (THMs) are regulated. Several water treatment works (WTWs) in the Yorkshire Water and United Utilities (previously North West Water) region in England have recently experienced difficulty in meeting THM limits (100 µg L-1) in their finished drinking water at cert
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49

Li, Jian. "Using cadmium-113 NMR spectrometry to study metal complexation by natural organic matter." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25720.

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50

Masters, Erika N. "Colloid Formation for the Removal of Natural Organic Matter during Iron Sulfate Coagulation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43756.

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Removal of organic matter is increasingly important to drinking water utilities and consumers. Organic matter is a significant precursor in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). The maximum contaminant levels for (DBPs) are decreasing and more DBPs are believed carcinogenic. Traditional coagulation focuses on the removal of particulate matter and in the last decade soluble species have also been targeted with high coagulant doses. However, colloidal matter is smaller than particulate matter and therefore not easily removed by conventional drinking water treatment. This researc
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