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1
Castle, Emery N. "Land, Economic Change, and Agricultural Economics." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 32, no. 1 (April 2003): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500002471.
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This paper analyzes in three contexts the effects of changing economic conditions and varying economic perspectives on the way land is considered in economic doctrine. The first considers agricultural land use where agriculture is connected to the rest of the economy exclusively through input and commodity markets, and when all other parts of the economy are assumed to remain constant. The second connects agriculture to the remainder of the economy by virtue of a shared natural environment, facilitating a discussion of natural resource and environmental economics in relation to agricultural, institutional, and land economics. The third context permits economic change in the entire economy with particular attention given to population density, space, and distance. Private and public decision making are discussed with attention to federal, state, and local division of powers.
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Kleiner, G. "System Resource of Economy." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2011): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2011-1-89-100.
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The results of development of the new economic systems theory are applied to the problem of investigating resources of economy. It is shown that under the traditional approach to an economic resource as a totality of labor, capital, natural resource and entrepreneurial activity the forces, which connect these resources in systems capable to productive economic activities, are often left outside the analysis. That is why the concept of a system resource of economy as a totality of working and potential economic systems uniting traditional factors of production is introduced and investigated. The natural structure of a system resource is determined; its division into four kinds is grounded depending on features of economic systems comprising it. Requirements to system management as to management of a system resource of economy are formulated.
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Yang, Jiangong. "Adaptive Spatial Division-Guided Resource-Based Economic Transformation with Synergistic Resource, Economic, and Environmental Health." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6799633.
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Relying on the advantages of its input factors, the resource-based economy has achieved rapid development. However, with the global emphasis on scientific development, various contradictions have sharply reduced the competitiveness of the resource-based economy. In the process of a new round of changes in the world economic pattern and the adjustment of China’s development strategy, most resource-based economies have begun to implement transformation actively or passively. Resource-based economy was mostly established and developed in the period of planned economy, which made great contributions to national construction and accomplished brilliant achievements in regional economic and social development. However, the development of natural resources always goes through stages of development, growth, maturity, and decline. Therefore, resource-based cities also have problems of rise, prosperity, and decline. From the perspective of adaptive space division, this paper analyzes and studies the teaching of the coordinated development of resource-based economy in the transformation of the resource-based economy and environment economy and puts forward the panel data model, logistic curve, and other algorithm models. After optimization, the collaborative development model is designed. Based on the analysis of the model, it is found that the error analysis of the model has improved by 77.3% and the average growth rate of transformation benefits is generally 56.8%.
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McLure, C. E. "The Taxation of Natural Resources and the Future of the Russian Federation." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 12, no. 3 (September 1994): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120309.
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This paper is an examination of the vertical and horizontal division of revenues from taxing natural resources, a crucial issue for the future of the Russian Federation. Assigning resource revenues entirely to subnational governments would undermine the fiscal capacity of the central government, Resources arc so concentrated geographically that allocating revenues primarily to jurisdictions where production occurs would create large fiscal disparities among subnational governments. Either of these policies could encourage the disintegration of the Federation—as could a contrary policy. After a brief review of the concept of economic rent, the theory of tax assignment is examined and applied to taxes on natural resources. Whereas economic arguments tend to favor centralization of resource rents, political realities suggest decentralization. It is noted that there will be many claimants to potential rents from Russian natural resources, including consumers, native peoples, suppliers of oilfield equipment, pipeline companies, foreign investors, and managers and employees in the energy sector and its suppliers. Last, consideration is given to whether resource rents should be placed in trust funds, by either native peoples or the government of producing regions, and the experience of Alberta and Alaska in this area is reviewed.
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Hartwell, John. "2009 Release of offshore petroleum exploration acreage." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08030.
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John Hartwell is Head of the Resources Division in the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Canberra Australia. The Resources Division provides advice to the Australian Government on policy issues, legislative changes and administrative matters related to the petroleum industry, upstream and downstream and the coal and minerals industries. In addition to his divisional responsibilities, he is the Australian Commissioner for the Australia/East Timor Joint Petroleum Development Area and Chairman of the National Oil and Gas Safety Advisory Committee. He also chairs two of the taskforces, Clean Fossil Energy and Aluminium, under the Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (AP6). He serves on two industry and government leadership groups delivering reports to the Australian Government, strategies for the oil and gas industry and framework for the uranium industry. More recently he led a team charged with responsibility for taking forward the Australian Government’s proposal to establish a global carbon capture and storage institute. He is involved in the implementation of a range of resource related initiatives under the Government’s Industry Action Agenda process, including mining and technology services, minerals exploration and light metals. Previously he served as Deputy Chairman of the Snowy Mountains Council and the Commonwealth representative to the Natural Gas Pipelines Advisory Committee. He has occupied a wide range of positions in the Australian Government dealing with trade, commodity, and energy and resource issues. He has worked in Treasury, the Department of Trade, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Department of Primary Industries and Energy before the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. From 1992–96 he was a Minister Counsellor in the Australian Embassy, Washington, with responsibility for agriculture and resource issues and also served in the Australian High Commission, London (1981–84) as the Counsellor/senior trade relations officer. He holds a MComm in economics, and Honours in economics from the University of New South Wales, Australia. Prior to joining the Australian Government, worked as a bank economist. He was awarded a public service medal in 2005 for his work on resources issues for the Australian Government.
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Elshamy, Hany M. "The economic determinants of Chinese foreign direct investment in Egypt." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-02-2015-0008.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) by Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) over the period 1985-2011. Design/methodology/approach – This paper estimates a single equation model which uses long-run co-integration analysis and short-run analysis (error correction mechanism). This paper depends on annual data collected from the World Bank and the General Authority for Investment & Free zones Information & Decision Support Division for the period 1985-2011. Findings – This paper found a conventional result for market size. The author infers from the significant role played by Egyptian natural resource endowments that the institutional environment has strongly shaped Chinese FDI, leading to significant natural resources-seeking FDI. The author also finds that policy liberalisation in China has had a positive influence in stimulating Chinese FDI in Egypt. Originality/value – Despite this model being used to estimate the determinants of FDI by Chinese MNEs in several countries, this is the first time it is being used in Egypt using a time-series analysis. Moreover, this model which has been used in this paper uses both long-run and short-run analyses.
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BAHAN, NADIIA. "THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 294, no. 3 (March 2021): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-294-3-46.
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The article considers theoretical updates on the efficiency of resource use of agricultural enterprises. Researchers’ views on the essence of the concept of “resources” and their own statement of the concept of “resources of the agricultural enterprise”, which is a set of interconnected natural, tangible, intangible, financial, labor, time and information factors that interact with each other and taking into account the influence of external and internal environmental factors ensure the smooth operation of the agricultural enterprise in order to obtain maximum profits, taking into account the economic, environmental and social bases. The classification of types of resources of the agricultural enterprises which structure includes material (includes raw materials, materials) is offered; intangible (including licenses, innovative technologies), labor (able-bodied population), financial (include equity and borrowed capital, cash), natural (natural forces and substances), energy (include power of mechanical engines), information (documents and document arrays) and time (ability to make quick decisions) resources. This classification is proposed in order to take into account the characteristics and distinctive characteristics of the types of resources of agricultural enterprises, and at the same time, in order not to overload the more detailed division of resources. A study of the types of resource efficiency allocated by domestic and foreign scientists has been conducted. Scholars’ views on the types of efficiency differ significantly, in particular, fourteen types of resource efficiency have been identified. Taking into account their diversity and peculiarities of typification, it is proposed to further conduct research on economic, environmental and social efficiency of the use of resources of agricultural enterprises.
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Chen, Wensheng. "China’s arable land wasting problem." China Agricultural Economic Review 13, no. 3 (June 8, 2021): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-08-2020-0202.
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PurposeChina's population–land contradiction is a crucial issue, and by deeply analyzing causes of wasting arable land, this article recommends some policies to avoid waste.Design/methodology/approachBased on the current high-, middle- and low-class differentiation in the agricultural products' consumption structure against urban residents' rapid income growth, this article proposes that agricultural products with distinctive regional characteristics should be developed according to regional natural agricultural resources and market demand, so as to ensure that China's scarce arable land can be used effectively.FindingsChoices in regional agricultural production relate to operational farmers' enthusiasm for profitability and production, residential farmers' ability to ensure their own food security, agriculture's sustainable development and arable land resources' optimal allocation. Therefore, the varietal structure of agricultural products and regional production layout should be compatibly decided according to consumer demand and resource endowment.Originality/valueDuring the process of industrialization and urbanization, wasting of arable land has become a social development problem. On the basis of agriculture's regional resource endowment, this article reconstructs the functional positioning of various Chinese agricultural regions and solves the difficult problem of consumption structure transformation and homogeneous competition through the geographical division of labor, thereby optimizing allocation of arable land resources.
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Rodionov, Alexander, Alexander Ovsianik, Marina Danilina, Mikhail Shahramanyan, and Peter Godlevskij. "Protection from emergencies, use of natural resources and system of economic loss evaluation in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020303008.
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In recent years, the world has experienced large-scale pollution and poisoning of environmental objects and the disappearance of certain parts of natural resources. The current research uses statistical data and methods in order to analyze the situation in the sphere of ecological and biological development on the basis of the main indicators. Among these indicators was chosen the current (operating) costs of environmental protection. The natural resource base of the Russian economy, the problems of which require immediate solutions, must be protected by the state. The country’s environmental policy is aimed at creating appropriate conditions for reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment to an acceptable level and restructuring this impact. Maintaining the life-supporting systems of the biosphere, protecting and reproducing reserves are the primary actions that the natural resource base of the Russian economy requires. The problems facing today can be solved as follows: improving the regulatory system, developing the institution of state property, taking into account the division of competence between the state and the subjects, reforming and improving the system of economic assessment and accounting of natural resources, environmental restrictions, licensing the use of reserves, gradual changes in tax legislation, aimed at increasing the share of environmental payments while reducing rates for other fees, improving economic and financial mechanisms for the reproduction of reserves, developing the market for services and work in the field of environmental management.
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Sušnik, Urban, Andrej Sušjan, and Nevenka Hrovatin. "Knowledge, Input-Output Complexity and the Notion of Sustainability." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2019-0047.
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Abstract The paper attempts to synthesize the analytical nucleus of classical political economy and modern ecological economics. In essence this means making a connection between social issues of income distribution, accumulation of capital and economic growth with biophysical limits to economic development. We first model a simple growing system of production and explore its potential to maintain sustainability when using a single natural resource. Taking into consideration the laws of thermodynamics we show that the long-term sustainability of such a simple system is unlikely. When the model is extended to incorporate a wider range of inputs used and commodities produced, such complexity accompanied by knowledge-based structural changes provides necessary conditions for the long-run sustainability of a growing economic system. Since input-output complexity results from the division of labour on the one hand and from intentional R&D policies on the other, this conclusion also brings forward some policy implications regarding income distribution in the society.
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Kerin, John. "The 1999 review of the Western Division of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 1 (2001): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01013.
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A comprehensive review of the Western Division of New South Wales was carried out in 1998/99. The review addressed economic, environmental and social issues in New South Wales' rangelands. Six commissioned studies examined these issues in more detail. The recommendations of the review centred on streamlining administrative procedures, including Acts and regulations, addressing integrated natural resource management from a regional perspective by involving leaseholders and relevant stakeholders as representative of the broader community. It was seen as essential that scientific research and expertise, and technological advances in knowledge, be utilised by decision makers in coming to more coordinated land management decisions.
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Ashraf, Musfiqa, Lokiat Ullah, Muqsuda Ashraf Shuvro, and Umme Salma. "Transition from Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Blueprint of Bangladesh for Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030." Medicine Today 31, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v31i1.40323.
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Introduction: The Sustainable Development Goals 2030, titled “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” with 17 goals and 169 targets (including 43 means of implementation) were adopted at the United Nations in September 2015. The Seventh Five Year Plan of Bangladesh (SFYP), “Accelerating Growth, Empowering Every Citizen” for the years 2016-2020, produced by General Economics Division, Planning Commission, can be regarded as the blue print for the early critical phase of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) implementation.
Materials & Methods: This Review Article was prepared based on updated International Newsletter, Journal and Data from Bangladesh Government Planning Commission.
Discussion: Challenges of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 7th Plan include resource mobilization, tapping population momentum, managing unplanned urbanization, natural disasters and climate change, utilization of resources, skill development and quality education, improving competitiveness, governance, taming inequality and regional disparity. Bangladesh prepared its own post-2015 Development Agenda and contributed to the international discourse through UN.
Conclusion: The General Economics Division (GED) of the Planning Commission, based on a consultative process initiated in 2013, goals and targets were developed in the context of Bangladesh. Through this process, 11 goals along with 58 targets with corresponding 241 measurable indicators were proposed. Civil society in Bangladesh also produced what is described as “a people-centred, equitable, inclusive, and sustainable Post-2015 Development Agenda.” It came up with 13 Goals,50 Targets and 199 Indicators.
Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(1): 46-59
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Sergiy Bardash and Tatiana Osadcha. "INTEGRATED RENTAL CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECTS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS." European Cooperation 2, no. 46 (April 30, 2020): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32070/ec.v2i46.81.
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The authors of the article have found that the vast majority of scientists, who study the rental relation problems in the economies of the post-Soviet countries adhere to the opinion on the validity of combining existing types of rent into two large groups by resources: natural and economic rents. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to consider natural rent as a form of economic rent. Given the essence and economic nature of rent, and considering the need for its accounting representation, it is established that economic rent should be classified with a division into forms (absolute, differential of the 1st and 2nd kind, monopoly), types (natural and other resource rents) and subtypes based on the “way of using the rental resource”, “industry of formation”. The obtained scientific results will allow to consider the main provisions of the sustainable development concept and can be used as a basis for improving the theory and methodology, as well as the development of the organization and accounting methods for economic rent. The regulation of rental relations in the business sector determines the search for ways to reflect rent in accounting and management reporting, however, the solution to this problem is significantly hindered by the complexity of identifying and evaluating rent. Another problem is that today there is some inconsistency between the concept of "rent" and other derivative concepts, in particular, such as: "ground rent", "economic rent". Against the background of the existing scientific discussion on streamlining the essential differences between these concepts, the debate continues and the validity of the allocation of other types of rent, as well as the feasibility of introducing into the scientific circulation such concepts as “quasi-rent” and “anti-rent”. The authors have proposed to reflect in the enterprise accounting the economic rent according to its forms and types based on the resources used in economic activity. The proposed classification allows to consider the main provisions of the sustainable development concept and can be used as a basis for improving the theory and methodology, as well as the development of the organization and accounting methods for economic rent
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Andreeva, E., and A. Ratner. "Potential of BRICS and SCO." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2015): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-4-111-116.
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The authors consider current status and prospects of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the group of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). It is argued that both are formed by big quickly growing economies. This provides a good potential of economic cooperation. The authors single out the following factors. First of all, all member countries show positive dynamics of economic development. GDP in BRICS and SCO countries grew at the beginning of the XXI century significantly faster than in integration associations built by developed countries (EU, NAFTA). In general, the largest growing economies are on the raising wave of economic cycle and they invest a significant portion of national income into development. This secures them a benefit against developed countries. Secondly, the countries of SCO and BRICS possess vast human potential which is rapidly growing both quantitatively and qualitatively. Thirdly, they are rich in natural resources – in terms of both minerals and agro-climatic conditions. That is why these countries can economically complement each other. BRICS countries already practice economic partnership in a number of spheres – financial, agricultural, scientific and technological. As for investment partnership, the favorable prospects exist for carrying out multilateral mega-projects within BIRCS and SCO. Russia is especially interested in power engineering. Other prospective spheres include airspace, transportation infrastructure, environmental protection, education and vocational training. An important incentive to enhancing cooperation is common strive for transition from conservative resource-based type of development to the innovative economy. Acknowledgments. The article has been supported by the Program of Ural Division of RAS № 14 “Fundamental Problems of Regional Economies, 2015–2017”.
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KOSTETSKA, К. O. "SUBMISSION OF ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS OF USING RECREATION AND TOURIST TERRITORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ACTIVITY TYPES." Economic innovations 20, no. 3(68) (September 20, 2018): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.3(68).107-114.
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Topicality. All relationships in the field of nature use begin with the legislative framework on the protection of nature and its individual components, which defines the functions of the state regulating environmental activities, as well as defined rights and responsibilities of environmental users. In most developed countries, it is a law on nature conservation or environmental acts that establishes the general principles and objectives of a policy designed to ensure the conceptual uniformity and integrity of all legislative practice in the use, protection and restoration of natural resources. System and methods of administrative management in using natural resources are based on: system of legislative acts of the country and the region; a system of normative-directive and methodological (obligatory to use) documents of state bodies; system of plans, programs, projects, tasks; operational management system. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to justify institutional reforms in order to ensure the implementation of environmental legislation, the division of powers of environmental authorities at the national, regional and municipal levels on the procedure for decision-making and its implementation. Research results. The lack of coordination control functions using natural resources, namely the lack of a horizontal connection between the supervisory authorities, leads to the fact that many bodies control the same natural resource. First of all, the uncontrolled tourism activity with the use of recreational resources is observed. Thus, the main task of the state administration should be to assess the quantitative and qualitative equivalents of existing and potential natural resources and determine the strategic directions of their management, their use and protection by business entities and households. In this case, it is necessary to determine with which mechanisms to achieve the optimal use of recreational and tourist resources while minimizing environmental damage, minimizing costs and maximizing the social, economic and environmental effects of their use.Conclusions. Taking into account the economic effect that the country can have, it is expedient to take into account not only the economic potential of the recreational and tourist territory, but also the development of alternative activities on it. Control the enterprises located in this territory and conduct their economic activity with the use or extraction and subsequent resale of the recreational resource. Principal is the redistribution of taxes from economic activity to the restoration of recreational resources at the urban level. It is necessary to provide methodological explanations regarding tax provisions and benefits to enterprises involved in this process, taking into account the status of the territory in which the recreation process has arisen, taking into account the medical characteristics of the territory and the extraction of natural resources in this territory.
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Tulokhonov, Arnold, Don Suochen, Endon Garmaev, Victor Plyusnin, Igor Vladimirov, Alexandr Batuev, Boris Voronov, and Andrey Beshentsev. "Atlas of Sustainable Development of North Asia in the context of the project “One Belt, One Road”." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 1 (2020): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-352-360.
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The article presents the project of creating the Atlas of Sustainable Development of North Asia as a fundamental cartographic work that provides integrated mapping of the territory to increase the efficiency of socio-economic development processes and the region’s competitiveness in the global economic system. The main geopolitical aspect of the Atlas is a reflection of the China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative. A system of territorial-administrative levels and a large-scale series for mapping the natural, social and economic processes of the studied territory, including state, administrative, municipal and local spatial levels, have been developed. The technological basis of the Atlas is the problem-oriented GIS of sustainable development of North Asia. The spatial base of the GIS is the topographic base on a scale of 1 : 1 000 000, created on the basis of digital and analog materials of Roscartography, cartographic services of Mongolia and China. The thematic basis of GIS and Atlas maps is the vector layer “territorial-administrative division of North Asia”. The informational basis of GIS is the Bank of socio-economic data, which includes databases on economics, demography and agriculture. Databases are formed on the basis of state statistics of the three countries according to the developed system of unified indicators of natural, social and economic dynamics. The GIS telecommunication module is a cartographic service on the open “Geonode” platform, through which access to GIS materials is organized. The structure of the Atlas is proposed from 7 blocks — introductory and 6 thematic: the natural conditions of sustainable development; resource factors of sustainable development; socio-economic factors of sustainable development; environmental transformation; medical and environmental situation; environmental protection.
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Alarcón, Pedro. "Dependency Revisited: Ecuador’s (Re)Insertions into the International Division of Nature." Latin American Perspectives 49, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x211070831.
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Following the guiding thread of recent Ecuadorian economic history, a review of the attempts of several Latin American natural-resource-rich countries to climb the ladder of the international division of labor indicates that the construction of a particular perspective on development with the goal of reducing dependence on international commodity prices is nurtured by dependency theory and by the irruption of environmental thinking in development studies. The Ecuadorian state embarked upon the pursuit of a better position in the world economy mainly during its oil booms (1972–1981 and 2003–2014). Since the twilight of the last century, the state’s embrace of an official environmental discourse and growing social environmental awareness have increasingly held sway in development policy making, but the end of the most recent commodities cycle and the COVID-19 crisis have seen a highly indebted economy in which dependence on exports of natural resources and imports of manufactured products persists as the hallmark of a peripheral state. Siguiendo el hilo conductor de la historia económica reciente de Ecuador, una revisión de los intentos de varios países latinoamericanos ricos en recursos naturales por ascender en la jerarquía de la división internacional del trabajo indica que la construcción de una perspectiva particular del desarrollo con el objetivo de reducir la dependencia de los precios internacionales de los productos básicos se nutre de la teoría de la dependencia y de la irrupción del pensamiento ambiental en los estudios del desarrollo. El estado ecuatoriano se lanzó a la búsqueda de una mejor posición en la economía mundial, principalmente durante sus auges petroleros (1972-1981 y 2003-2014). Desde el ocaso del siglo pasado, la adopción por parte del Estado de un discurso ambiental oficial y la creciente conciencia ambiental social han prevalecido cada vez más en la formulación de políticas de desarrollo, pero el final del ciclo de las materias primas más reciente y la crisis del COVID-19 han llevado a una economía muy endeudada en la que persiste la dependencia de las exportaciones de recursos naturales y la importación de productos manufacturados como sello de un estado periférico.
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Saməddin oğlu Qəhrəmanlı, Həsən. "Main directions of economic development of Eastern Zangazur economic region." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 10, no. 6 (June 27, 2022): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/10/60-63.
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Məqalədə Şərqi Zəngəzurun iqtisadi inkişafının əsas istiqamətləri haqqında təhlil öz əksini tapmışdır. Regionların iqtisadi inkişafının əsas istiqamətləri üzrə müasir tendensiyalar regional iqtisadi siyasətin, başqa sözlə, regionların iqtisadi inkişafının rolunun öyrənilməsinin vacibliyini nümayiş etdirir. Regional iqtisadi siyasət bu baxımdan ərazi bölgüsünün gələcək inkişafı üçün əsas strategiyaları və məqsədləri özündə ehtiva edir, yalnız bu regiona aid olan amillərin ən əsas istiqamətlərini işıqlandırır. Şərqi Zəngəzur iqtisadi rayonunda təbii ehtiyatlarının işlənməsinə innovativ yanaşmaların tətbiqi, iqtisadi inkişafın bərabərləşdirilməsi problemi növbəti mərhələdə ölkənin inkişafında qeyri-müəyyən mərhələ olaraq qalır. İşğaldan azad edilmiş torpaqların iqtisadiyyatının bərpası işlərinin vahid proqram əsasında aparılması mühüm əhəmiyyət kəsb edir ki, bu da dövlət başçısının ölkədə iqtisadi rayonların bölgüsünün təzələnməsi ilə bağlı qərarının qəbul edilməsinə səbəb olub. İqtisadi rayonların yeni bölgüsünün ölkə iqtisadiyyatının daha da sürətləndirilmiş inkişafına diqqət yetirdiyini və bunun iqtisadiyyatın sistemli idarə edilməsinin təkmilləşdirilməsi baxımından əhəmiyyətlidir. Hazırda iqtisadi inkişafın həyata keçirilməsinin əsasını regional amil təşkil edir, belə demək mümkünsə, müasir şəraitdə regional inkişafın əhəmiyyəti çox ətraflı öyrənilib. Açar sözlər: Şərqi Zəngəzur, iqtisadi inkişaf, inkişaf istiqamətləri, regional amil, resurs Hasan Samaddin Gahramanli Main directions of economic development of Eastern Zangazur economic region Abstract The article provides an analysis of the main directions of economic development of East Zangazur. Current trends in the main directions of economic development of the regions increase the importance of studying the role of regional economic policy, in other words, the economic development of the regions. From this point of view, the regional policy consists of the main strategies for the development of the territorial division and only, it highlights the main directions of the factors that contribute to this region. In East Zangazur the application of innovative approaches to the development of economically natural resources, the problem of creating economic development remains an uncertain process in the new economic development. The unified software for the economic recovery of the liberated lands is economically detrimental, which led the President to decide to renew the division of economic regions. The new division of economic regions is aimed at further accelerated development of the country's economy and strengthening the development of systemic management of the economy. At present, the basis of the impact of economic development is the regional factor, so to speak, it has been studied in great detail in regional development in modern conditions. Key words: East Zangazur, economic development, development directions, regional factor, resource
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Petrovic, N., and J. M. Carlson. "A decision-making framework for wildfire suppression." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 8 (2012): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11140.
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This paper addresses two fundamental issues that arise broadly in human response to natural hazards: the effect on overall costs of the high variability (power laws) in event size statistics and complexities associated with combining disparate sources of information in decision-making. To address these issues in a series of concrete scenarios, we analyse data for California wildfires. We also develop a modelling framework that projects costs based on the combination of a dynamic fire spread model, an economic cost model and population data. Our study uses model-generated fire catalogues to estimate the effect of suppression strategies on fire size, and our cost function incorporates both suppression costs and loss of assets. Together, these yield statistical estimates of the average economic impact of fire response policies. Tradeoffs between resource costs and assets at risk determine the optimal response for an individual fire. We also compare the costs of different policies for division of limited resources between multiple fires using scenarios motivated by the 2003 and 2007 California wildfire seasons.
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Dugalić, Nenad. "MESTO ZEMALjA BRIKS-A NA GLOBALNOJ EKONOMSKOJ MAPI SVE." Glasnik prava X, no. 2 (December 2019): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/gp.1002.117d.
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Globalization transforms social relations,fundamentally changes the nature of the state, violates its sovereignty and changes the established international order. The division of the world into the rich and the poor and the aspiration of the most developed countries for domination presents,undoubtedly one of the greatest dangers for humanity and its future. It is natural and necessary that every nation has the desire and aspires to present itself to the other nations in the best light, to introduce the results of its own creativity, to introduce them to the essence of their ideas and aspirations. Nevertheless, the world is confronted with tendencies and practices of harsh imposition of values, ideological indoctrination and all kinds of forms of spiritual violence. Political and economically powerful countries, by spreading and imposing their ideology, their views on the world and the hyperproduction of their cultural creations, suffocate the culture of small and economically underdeveloped countries, impose clichés and myths, create a state of spiritual erosion of one and the dominance of other values. While, on the one hand, different societies are homogenized, on the other hand, the polarization occurs endangering their tradition, culture and spiritual heritage. However, with the appearance of the BRICS group on the global scene, as new protagonists of high growth and development, America has been losing hegemony in most of the fields in international geopolitical relations. The economic power, which derives from the size of their economies, gives them the potential to influence world events. It is therefore very important that BRICS countries mutually work to establish the common principles of cooperation regarding the unique way of dealing with conflicts around the world, as well as creating consultation mechanisms where they can coordinate their attitudes. At the beginning of the new millennium, the BRICS countries played an important role in overcoming the global financial and economic crisis and have made a significant contribution to the recovery of the global economy. The economic policies of sustainable growth and development of the BRICS countries have enabled the creation of new workplaces, poverty reduction and greater social inclusion. Such an economic position of the BRICS countries was possible, considering their great wealth of natural resources. Specifically, national resource policy regimes support a claim on the status of BRICS as resource superpower, as high levels of government control allow these countries to use those resources in order to achieve certain domestic developments and international diplomatic goals. Apparently, resource wealth is a very important component of BRICS countries in international relations.
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Afrakhteh, Hasan, and Mohammad Ali Rahimi pour Sheeikhani nejad. "Land Use Change in East Guilan and its Consequences." Journal of Sustainable Rural Development 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.4.2.3.
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These issues and the economic instability resulting from the implementation of neoliberal policies have led to the commodification of land and housing, which has attracted capital. One of the main consequences of such a situation is that on the one hand, the destruction of natural resources, land erosion, environmental degradation and the occurrence of devastating floods have been increased, and on the other hand, unjustified class division and transfer of villagers from productive activities to unproductive businesses, such as security guard, villa caretakers and services of travel and transportation companies, have endangered the social and food security of Iran. In this article, land use change has been studied using satellite images of East Guilan (Lahijan, Siahkal, Ashrafieh and Langrood counties) in 1989, 2000 and 2015. The information needed to identify the factors affecting land use change has been collected through visits, purposeful interviews in different parts of the area, and the study of written sources and archives of local offices. These data were analyzed using the "grounded theory" method in the Max Kiuda system. Findings show that land use changes in the region are related to various ecological, social, economic and political factors. Increased population pressure along with technological developments, land use policies, development plans, investments, land speculation and personal exploitation have each had some effect on land use change. State of nature has little dependence on tax revenues due to its natural resource revenues; As a result, it is not accountable.
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Mudavanhu, Shepherd, James Blignaut, Nonophile Nkambule, Tshepo Morokong, and Thulile Vundla. "A cost-benefit analysis of using Rooikrans as biomass feedstock for electricity generation: A case study of the De Hoop nature reserve, South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 5 (December 12, 2016): 788–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i5.1602.
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Invasive alien plants (IAPs) like Rooikrans (Acacia Cyclops) have several undesirable effects on both the natural environment and the social, economic and cultural wellness of society in the De Hoop nature reserve of the Western Cape Province. A few of these negative effects are: the change in coastal sediment dynamics, the change in seed dispersal dynamics, and the fact that it is overtaking native plants. However, Rooikrans can also potentially be used as biomass feedstock for electricity generation. Following a system dynamics modelling approach, the feasibility of using woody biomass from Rooikrans was investigated. The RE-model used data obtained from the Department of Environmental Affairs’ (DEA) Natural Resource Management (NRM) division, consulted with experts and conducted literature reviews with respect to the subject matter. Three scenarios were tested and the RE-model results showed that all scenarios have a positive cumulative Net Present Values (NPVs), with the exception of the baseline case scenario. This study shows that the production of electricity using Rooikrans woody biomass is a viable and feasible option in comparison with electricity production by diesel generators.
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Balakina, G. F. "PROSPECTS FOR THE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA." Economics Profession Business, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb202150.
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The article discusses the processes of improving the regional policy of Russia from the policy of equalizing the parameters of socio-economic processes of the regions to the policy of stimulating the implementation of competitive advantages of the regions. The territorial heterogeneity of the Republic of Tyva as an object of regulation is investigated. It is determined that the current division of the territory of the republic into four zones: Central, Western, Eastern and Southern, which differ in terms of output and parameters of social development, remains relevant and determines the differentiation of measures for regulating socio-economic processes. It is concluded that in the conditions of improving regional policy in the republic, it is necessary to develop and implement a conceptual document: a concept, strategy or action plan for regulating territorial development, which allows linking goals and resources, which is strategically important due to the border position of the region. In Tyva, it is necessary to form a purposeful policy of regulating territorial development. The purpose of the territorial policy is proposed to be defined as equalizing the access of residents of the republic to social services, the development of border territories to prevent the outflow of population through the adoption of a set of measures, including the activation of natural resource potential.
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Milanović, Tijana, Zdravka Petković, and Gordana Stojmenović. "THE IMPORTANCE AND THE ROLE OF INTRODUCTION OF ECOLOGICAL ACCOUNTING IN THE FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801171m.
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More and more global warming, ozone depletion and loss of biodiversity have contributed to raising awareness of the need to implement measures that enable sustainable development, so that different pillars of society find a balance between economic growth and social interest in preserving a healthy environment. The environmental impacts of the company have led to the strengthening of environmental demands by society and the incorporation of various management tools into the environmental management process. In order to properly address the issue of environmental protection, a so-called environmental management system is required, which carries out an important part of the information systems management system in an integrated form, together with another accounting information system. Ecological accounting is an important tool for understanding the role of the natural environment in the economy. Environmental accounts provide data that highlight the contribution of natural resources to economic well-being and the costs of imposed pollution or resource degradation. The use of accounting in the environment is necessary with more aspects on various issues, such as cost estimates, investment analysis and strategic decision-making. Companies, which are important subjects of economic activity, play the main roles in economic activities. Therefore, a clear introduction of the goal of preserving the environment in every activity activity becomes a strong motivating force for the structural transformation of this economic society. This paper will present a brief overview of the history, concept, division, role, significance and contributions of ecological accounting, and the importance and necessity of introducing ecological accounting in enterprises.Given the financial implications that environmental impacts can have on the business of the company, this paper aims to point out the role and significance of environmental accounting and the environmental management process.
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Martin, Elinor, Renee McPherson, Emma Kuster, and Aparna Bamzai-Dodson. "Managing for a Changing Climate: A Blended Interdisciplinary Climate Course." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 12 (December 2020): E2138—E2148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0242.1.
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AbstractWe developed a blended (or hybrid) interactive course—Managing for a Changing Climate—that provides a holistic view of climate change. The course results from communication with university students and natural and cultural resource managers as well as the need for educational efforts aimed at the public, legislators, and decision-makers. Content includes the components of the physical climate system, natural climate variability, anthropogenic drivers of climate change, climate models and projections, climate assessments, energy economics, environmental policy, vulnerabilities to climate hazards, impacts of climate change, and decision-making related to climate adaptation and mitigation efforts. To convey most of the content, the course-development team created over 50 short videos (3–10 min each) in partnership with experts from a variety of academic, government, and industry institutions. The blended course has been offered as an upper-division, undergraduate course in the Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability and School of Meteorology (four times) and College of International Studies (in Italy, once) at the University of Oklahoma with over 100 total students. The course has also been presented online-only at no cost to the participants in four fall semesters with over 1,000 total registrations. Videos created for this course are freely available on the YouTube page of the South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center. This course and its associated materials comprise high-quality, formal climate training and education that can be adapted to other formal and informal education settings beyond the walls of the university.
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Uliganets, Serhii I., Sergii Yu Syrovets, Nataliia S. Koroma, and Mykola A. Molochko. "A geographical dimension of resource endowment of Ukrainian territories." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112154.
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Given the multidisciplinary nature of this research, it is important to develop a common understanding of the security and complexity of the rational consumption of available minerals. Considerations for the availability and depletion of minerals are part of a diverse range of research focused on sustainable development, in areas such as resource critical shortage, life cycle assessment and material flow analysis. Mineral resources are non-renewable resources that provide humanity with a wide range of goods and services. Although their value has been recognized for millennia, their large-scale industrial production did not grow until after World War II due to efficient industrial production processes and rapidly growing demand due to demographic growth, urbanization and economic wealth growth in developed countries. The proposed research confirms the high level of supply of the territory of Ukraine with mineral resources. The objective idea of mineral and self-sufficiency of Ukraine, its inclusion in the top groups of the states most provided with the most valuable types of minerals is strengthened and the high level of availability of mineral resources in Ukraine in terms of its economic and geographical areas and regions is confirmed. At the same time, a number of mineral deposits in modern social and economic conditions are preserved and not used. For the first time, a cartographic interpretation of the periodic table of chemical elements (D. I. Menedeleev's table) is given, which is reinforced by data on the distribution of mineral resources and minerals in terms of selected groups of regions within the administrative regions of Ukraine. There are 33 chemical elements extracted from more than 100 mineral deposits. The provisions and conclusions of the article testify the mineral self-sufficiency of Ukraine and can act as a lever for developing strategies for socio-economic development of the United Territorial Communities (UTC) of Ukraine, which today are the new centers of management of territories and its resources. D. I. Mendeleev's table and its mineral content are positioned as an objective factor in the specialization of Ukraine and the international geographical division of labour. It is noted that the main advantages of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, including its structure, logic, objectivity, a system in relation to the economic and geographical regions of Ukraine are considered as an element of monitoring the mineral component of natural resources of the country, the lever of further development of exploratory geology and geomorphology. The information obtained from this research ultimately influences the future policies of the territories and its plans for the balanced use of available mineral reserves and can be used to promote the sustainable use of mineral resources in the regions.
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Polus, Andrzej, and Wojciech Tycholiz. "David versus Goliath: Tanzania’s Efforts to Stand Up to Foreign Gas Corporations." Africa Spectrum 54, no. 1 (April 2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039719848507.
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This article presents and analyses how Tanzania, a country on the global “periphery” with a natural resource sector dominated by capital from the Global North, has thus far failed to transform its mineral wealth into sustained economic development. Using Immanuel Wallerstein’s “world systems theory” as the theoretical framework, we exemplify how the “core” exploited gold reserves in the 1990s and into the new century – and what techniques and mechanisms (e.g. asymmetry of information, imposition of inadequate management structures) it now currently uses to develop the nascent gas sector to its advantage. Scrutinising actions undertaken by the Tanzanian president to concentrate power, root out corruption, and to stand up to profit-maximising foreign corporations – or what we call the “Magufuli effect” – as way of illustration, we also demonstrate how Tanzania is trying to change its role within the international division of labour and how the core attempts to maintain the status quo meanwhile.
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Yaremko, O. "Formation and improvement f organizational and economic bases of forestry production in state forestry in Ukraine and Podillia region." Balanced nature using, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2021.237989.
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Some issues on the historical formation of Podillia region of modern Ukraine and the formation of forestry in it are covered. It practically begins and acquires social meaning in the second half of the twentieth century. This means the use of land provided to economic entities (forestries) for growing wood as their main forestry product. The same applies to the cultivation and sale of natural resources related to forestry, secondary forest materials, services of various contents, etc. It is highlighted that the Forest Code of Ukraine has cunningly replaced the object of labor and use of the natural resource «Earth» with forest resources. The issues are somewhat complicated by the use of tax indicators and forms of their analysis and publication without their adaptation to the UN-ECE / FAO Standard Statistical Classification of Land Use and without the necessary grouping by forest and environmental components. The Government of Ukraine approves the Resolution «On Approval of the Procedure for Division of Forests into Categories and Allocation of Specially Protected Forest Areas», which does not bring national forest legislation closer to it. In this way, the further growth of non-timber forest lands at least 3 times or more in comparison with the leading European countries was legitimized. The necessity of improving the content of the current Forest Code of Ukraine, as well as finalization and updating of the Instruction on forest management in the state forestry of Ukraine is proved. The availability of statistical and reporting information on the state of forests of the State Forest Agency of Ukraine for state-owned enterprises of the past allows to update the relevant reporting indicators while adapting them to the norms of European forestry. The proposed measures are aimed at improving forest legislation, as well as the formation of measures in the practical activities of forest management and the work of managers using its materials in forestry.
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Wang, Baixue, Weiming Cheng, Keyu Song, Suiji Wang, Yichi Zhang, Hao Li, Jiayin Deng, and Ruibo Wang. "Application of Ecology-Geomorphology Cognition Approach in Land Type Classification: A Case Study in the Altay Region." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 4023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074023.
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Land types play an important guiding role in human survival and production. Clarifying the division of land types is the basis for ensuring the sustainable and coordinated development of social-economic-natural complex ecosystems. To date, the land type classification system has not formed a unified standard, and the existing classification fails to highlight the natural background elements of land. Therefore, it is important to construct a classification system that can reflect natural background elements. Additionally, land type classification is often based on land resource surveys. Updating the land type is generally difficult and slow, mainly due to a lack of appropriate information. Hence, it is necessary to develop an automatic land type renewal method using multisource information. This study proposes the ecology-geomorphology cognition (Eco-geoC) approach for land type classification. The approach is realized by the segmentation of land units using remote sensing images, geographic information, vegetation, soil, DEM, and geoscience knowledge. This approach is an extension of the object-based image analysis method. The spatial objects segmented from different attribute data are integrated, and finally, a comprehensive land mapping unit representing a certain degree of geographical homogeneity and land use potential is generated. The results show that the Eco-geoC approach is an integrated approach with objectification cognition on remote sensing images and multisource information using geo-knowledge. The Eco-geoC approach is tested in the Altay region. From coarse to fine scales, the study area is divided into two kinds of natural belts, 27 land systems and 78 land units, and a 1:500,000 land-type map, which shows a good coupling relationship between the physiognomy, vegetation, and soil in the Altay region, is compiled. The results of this study show that the use of the Eco-geoC approach for land type classification is significant and has potential for land assessment and planning. This approach can provide a scientific basis for the restoration of the regional ecology and the comprehensive management and adjustment of land resources and the environment.
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Abbasi, Saif, Rizwana, and Saima Safdar. "LITIGATION ON LAND DISPUTES AND ITS IMPACTS ON FAMILY HEALTH AND CHILDREN EDUCATION." DECEMBER 02, no. 02 (December 31, 2021): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-02-2021-07-171-182.
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The Land is a finite natural resource and important factor of production since the existence of human being on land. It is a fundamental for survival of life and human livelihood, with immense social, cultural, commercial, aesthetic and spiritual value. The land related disputed and clashes rate is very high in the country due to huge population attached with agriculture and other land cultivations sectors. This time taking situation brings number of the social, psychological and obstacle and barriers in life of concerned litigated families and their children. Considering the intensity and importance of issues and its social impacts on the individual and family life researcher tried to find out the actual primary data from division Gujranwala. The respondents of study were the families involved in the and litigation process for one year at least. Quantitative research method and technique were applied and the data was collected over structured questionnaire. Whole phenomena of land dispute and results in litigation are affecting family and communal life. Family is suffering from social, economic, educational and health problems.
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Zhao, Yanqiong, Jinhua Cheng, Yongguang Zhu, and Yanpu Zhao. "Spatiotemporal Evolution and Regional Differences in the Production-Living-Ecological Space of the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 12497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312497.
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The urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the second largest urban agglomeration in China, represents a typical land space range of ecological vulnerability in China. Large differences occur in economic development mode between resource- and non-resource-based cities in this basin area. Accurate identification of the evolution and regional differences in the production-living-ecological space (PLES) is very important in order to elucidate the development and utilization of land space in the region. At present, relevant research has largely focused on the classification and determination of PLES temporal and spatial patterns. Temporal and spatial pattern research has mainly considered a single scale of administrative division, whereas fewer studies have analyzed the temporal and spatial patterns and regional differences in the PLES in ecologically fragile natural watersheds. Therefore, based on PLES classification, the regional differences in the PLES between two types of cities in the basin are measured via the Theil index and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). First, the ecological space (ES) of these two types of cities in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is compressed by the production space (PS) and living space (LS), in which the ES of resource-based cities is compressed for a longer period, and the phenomenon involving PS compression by the LS and ES mainly occurs in non-resource-based cities within the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Second, the PLES of these two types of cities exhibits the characteristics of spatial aggregation, and high- and low-density areas of the PLES remain relatively stable. Third, the regional differences in the PLES of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River mainly originate from intraregional differences. The PLES of these two types of cities in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is more sensitive to changes in economic development than to those in the population distribution.
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Smyrnov, I. "Geographical and logistical factors of sustainable development of rural tourism in the context of regional economy." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 65 (2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2016.65.2.
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Rural tourism is now seen as an important direction of development of the regional economy. From the perspective of sustainable development rural tourism affects the economic, social and environmental aspects of the regional and local economy. Rural tourism is closely linked with agrotourism, eco-tourism, natural tourism and so on. Sustainable rural tourism can be realized by applying logistic, geographic and marketing approaches as components of sustainable development strategies. Logistics approach is determined by logistic potential of resource base of rural tourism and appropriate tourist flows regulation. In this context in the article the concept of tourism capacity or capacity of the resource base of rural tourism is used. The problem of the definition of tourism pressure on the resource base of rural tourism, particularly in natural landscapes is disclosed. Unlike environmental and recrealogical sciences, which stop at the capacity definition of the resource base of tourism, tourism logistics compares this figure with the existing tourist flows and accordingly determines the safe way of tourism management to ensure its sustainable nature. It was shown that these strategies boil down to two basic types – the further development of tourism in a particular area or limit such activities to conserve the resource base of tourism. Recreational (travel) load is the indicator that reflects the impact of tourism on the resource base of tourism (especially landscape complex), expressed by the number of tourists or tourists-days per area unit or per tourist site for the certain period of time (day, month, season year). There are actual, allowable (the maximum) and destructive (dangerous) types of travel load. The latter can lead recreational area or resource base of rural tourism to destruction. Thus, depending on the intensity of tourism resource base using in rural tourism it may change – according to tourist consumption. Large number of tourists affects the entire range of recreational destinations and their individual components. The most vulnerable part of the environment in this sense is vegetation, except that significant changes may occur with soil, water bodies, air and so on. The geographic dimension of the problem of rural tourism sustainable development includes the concept of zoning, ie the division of the territory, offering to develop rural tourism in several zones with different modes of travel usage – from a total ban (in protected areas) for complete freedom with transitional stages, involving various limit degrees in the development of rural tourism. Marketing approach reflects the application of the curve R. Butler to the stages of development of rural tourism destinations with the release of such steps as: research, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation (also called “saturation”), revival or decline. Shown the models that link the stage of resource base tourist development (under “Curve Butler”), strength of tourism consumption the magnitude of such effects (eg weak (disperse) impact in large scale, strong (concentrated) impact in large scale, strong (concentrated) impact in small scale, weak (disperse) impact in small scale), dynamics of tourism development at the territory.
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Adobovska, M. V., A. O. Buyanovskiy, N. O. Popelnytska, and V. V. Yavorska. "PRESERVATION OF REGIONAL IDENTITY DURING THE ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM IN UKRAINE (IN EXAMPLE OF THE ODESSA REGION)." Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 26, no. 2(39) (March 25, 2022): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2021.2(39).246196.
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Throughout the history of Ukraine, there have been two opposite tendencies: a historical approach to regional division, which manifested itself in the formation of ideas about the cultural, ethnic, linguistic and other diversity of its historical lands, which for a long time were part of different states and a rational approach – the creation of such administrative-territorial units (provinces, voivodships, districts, regions), which would level regional differences and contribute to political centralization. Since the beginning of Ukraine’s independence in 1991, several attempts have been made to change the administrative-territorial structure in accordance with the European principles of territorial administration. The main purpose of the work is to consider some issues of environmental management and regional identity within the framework of the new districts and administrative and territorial structure created in the Odessa region as a result of the administrative reform. The theoretical basis of the study is the provisions of economic theory, environmental economics, theory of sustainable development, institutional analysis. The methodological basis of the research is a set of such general scientific and special methods used to achieve the goal of the work, in particular, the system approach, the dialectical method of cognition and comparative legal analysis, the historical approach, the method of cause-and-effect relationships, economic and statistical methods. The decentralization policy in Ukraine is an effective model of the identity formation policy at the regional level. In 2014, after the approval of the Concept of reforming local self-government in our country, transformational changes began, which resulted in the approval in 2020 of a new administrative-territorial structure of the district level and the level of territorial communities. As part of the decentralization reform in 2020, the administrative-territorial division of the region has changed. So instead of 490 village, settlement and city councils, 91 territorial communities were allocated, and instead of 26 liquidated districts – 7 new districts. When carrying out the reform, the physical-geographical zoning, natural-recreational potential and socio-cultural characteristics of the multicultural region were not fully taken into account, which ultimately leads to inadequate receipt by a person of the benefits provided for by law, incl. ecosystems. Ignoring these problems may in the near future in the foreseeable future lead to an imbalance in the systems of the region, irrational use of natural resources, including land use, and inconsistency with the existing concept of sustainable development.
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Maré, Frikkie Alberts. "The Water–Economy Nexus of Beef Produced from Different Cattle Breeds." Water 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 2513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182513.
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The sustainable use of water, or any other natural resource for that matter, is not the only factor that should be considered in terms of sustainability, as social equity and economic prosperity are equally important. The objective of this study was to analyse different breeds of beef cattle, following the same production method, in terms of their water footprint and economic value addition for different links in the value chain. A bottom-up approach was applied to identify the breed with the best economic water consumption in terms of beef production. The results indicated that the total WF/kg carcass revealed notable differences between the various breeds. The Bonsmara had the smallest WF/kg carcass, while the Limousin had the largest. The WF/kg of beef for the different cuts (rib eye, topside, and flank) showed large variations between the breeds and between the different cuts of beef from the same breed. In terms of the economic water consumption, the Angus consumed between 4% and 25% less water per rand of economic value addition than the Bonsmara, Simmentaler, Simbra, Limousin, Afrikaner, and Brahman. When the economic water consumption of the individual value links was considered, it was found that Bonsmara had the best figures for cow–calf production, while the Limousin and Simmentaler were the best in terms of feedlot finishing and processing, respectively. These contradicting results showed the importance of a bottom-up approach to ensure that the fallacy of division does not occur and, secondly, that possible problem areas in the value chain are identified and addressed separately.
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Atieno, Diana Nekesa, and Sheila Uside Alumasa. "Rural Land Sub-Division and its Impact on Maize Production: The Case of Kiminini Sub-County in Trans-Nzoia County." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 5, no. 2 (November 22, 2022): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.977.
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Globally, around three million hectares of agricultural land are lost each year to other land uses. This results in a huge decline in household food production and livelihood security. Maintaining rural land in optimally sized allotments is critical for sustainable food and livelihood security. Sustainable natural resource management and increased productivity of primary industries can also be assured by ensuring that economically viable land sizes are maintained. The literature reviewed indicates that there is limited information on land sub-division trends, their associated impacts on the settlement schemes, and development control measures in the rural area of the Kiminini sub-county. This study investigated the trend of rural land subdivisions in Kiminini sub-county from 1963 to 2018. It examined the causes of rural land subdivision, its impacts on household maize production and has proposed policy interventions to reduce rural land subdivision in Kiminini for food and livelihood security. A cross-sectional survey of 120 households was conducted. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and observations were also used to collect the data. The findings have revealed that household land size has decreased from the initial 30 acres to 1.5 acres leading to a reduction in maize production from the potential 600 (90 kgs) bags to 30 (90 kgs bags), a 95% reduction. The main causes of land sub-division are inheritance, for sale, population pressure, and poor implementation of policies. There is no land use plan for the sub-county to guide land use, and there are no guidelines to regulate development. The study recommends land use planning through the development of a local physical development plan, determination of a minimum land size for maize growing, e.g., 5 acres, agricultural land protection zoning, policy review of the land inheritance tradition, consolidation where it has been subdivided to un-economic units and promotion of alternative technology for sustainable agricultural practices
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Topchiyev, Oleksandr, Vitalii Sych, Viktoriya Yavorska, and Katerina Kolomiyets. "POPULATION AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST POTENTIAL." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 51, no. 2 (December 5, 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.2.12.
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The article defines the directions that it is recommended to assess the role of the population in the formation of recreation and tourism activities (RTA). It is proved the need to investigate the role of the population in the RTA in two main directions: 1) as a subject of recreational and tourist systems in its relation to their media (objects); 2) combined - as a subject and component of the object of recreational and tourist systems. The population forms the flows of recreation and tourists, developing relevant structures and mechanisms for their recreational and tourist service, organizes directions and fields of economic and non-economic activities that ensure the recreational needs of the population, creates a specialized recreation infrastructure, develops and implements a variety of functional and territorial organization of recreation and tourism, forms at the national and international level of territorial division of labor.
In order to evaluate the recreational potential of a separate plot or object usually consider not the entire nomenclature of conditions and resources, but only a characteristic or typical combination. Each territory, each object of recreation and tourism has its own set (complex) of resource characteristics. And this circumstance greatly facilitates the procedure for a comprehensive assessment of recreational potential due to elimination (allocation) of a characteristic complex of terms and resources of RTA. A similar situation arises for a functional assessment of recreational potential. The valuation of conditions and resources are not developed for a general list of species and forms of RTA, but for those that are distributed in this area in this locality.
It is determined that among the numerous characteristics and indicators of recreational potential, the concept of recreational and tourist attractiveness is one of the objective indicators of resource potential. Estimation of recreational potential for quantitative indicators of recreation and tourists and their numerical and spatial distributions creates an objective basis for all other characteristics and indicators of RTD.
Another important characteristic of the recreational potential, which forms the population as a factor of RTA is a recreation capacity of territories and objects of RTA. The concept of "recreational capacity" is related to "recreational attractiveness". Attractiveness characterizes recreational territories and objects for their attraction, according to real flows of recreation and tourists. Recreational capacity is intended to set the upper limits of such attractiveness. Attractiveness represents the actual use of a recreational resource, and the capacity indicates its critical level of recreation, which does not lead to degradation of this resource. In recreational geography, tourism and planning of territories, this direction is well known and extremely designed. The indicators of recreational capacities for certain types and recreation forms and recreations - beach baths, short-term rest in green zones, anthropogenic load of resort zones and areas of the natural reserve fund, maximum population density in various functional zones of the big city, etc. At the same time, the zonal principles of assessing the recreational capacity of objects and areas of recreation and tourism have not yet been developed, and this actual problem is waiting for its researchers.
The population forms a so-called anthropogenic load on the territory, and its economic activity is man-made load. Anthropogenic-technogenic load is considered as a factor of recreational and tourist activities, in turn, indicators of anthropogenic-technogenic load are the original characteristics of "anti-resource" of recreation potential. The article has proven that in the context of the study of the prerequisites for the development of recreation and tourist activities of the region also need to analyze both the quality of life of the population, in addition to the assessment of this indicator have a high contrast and diversity in the country.
Key words: population, recreational and tourist potential, attractiveness of recreational territories, anthropogenic-technogenic load, quality of life of the population.
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Chubarenko, B. V., G. G. Gogoberidze, E. A. Rumiantseva, N. V. Dvoeglazova, E. M. Burnashov, E. D. Krasnova, S. V. Patsaeva, et al. "ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION “XXIX COASTAL CONFERENCE: FIELD – BASED AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH IN SHORE USE PRACTICE”." Journal of Oceanological Research 50, no. 3 (November 28, 2022): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2.50(3).10.
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The paper provides information about the XXIX Coastal Conference, held in Kaliningrad in April 2022. The thematic directions of reports, round tables are reflected, statistical data are given on the number of speeches (232), on participating organizations (38) and cities (13). Additional events held within the framework of the conference (sessions, lectures, competitions, excursions) are described. The text is accompanied by illustrative materials – color photographs of participants taken directly during the conference. The decision of the conference notes that the practical development of new sections of the coasts, the construction of modern infrastructure facilities and the existing natural trends lead to increased coastal erosion in almost all coastal regions of Russia; that there is an urgent need to apply unified observation methods, division of work into research and monitoring and an interdisciplinary approach to jointly take into account physical, chemical and biological aspects (especially for coastal waters with limited or periodic connection with the marine area), that pollution by anthropogenic debris continues to grow, while the pollution pattern is extremely heterogeneous, and information on pollution by anthropogenic debris and microplastics of the marine environment and coasts of the Russian Federation is extremely fragmented. The conference recommends the introduction of amendments and additions to the federal and regional legislation on the regulation of the activities of nature users in the coastal zone, as well as the inventory of the natural resource potential of coastal territories and adjacent water areas with the compilation of a Coastal Registry for coastal ecosocio-economic systems of the Russian Federation. The participants highly appreciated the existing experience and results of coastal protection activities in the Kaliningrad Oblast, and also emphasized the lack of attention of the coastal community to the problems of inland waters (for example, the shores of Lake Baikal). Proposals on the venues of the conference in 2024 (Moscow) and 2026 (Lake Baikal) were announced.
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N.M., Dr Githae, Farah M.A, and Masese D. M. "Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Community Rural Water Supplies in Sankuri Division, Garissa District, Kenya." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 10 (October 28, 2018): 20662–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/10/614.
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Water is the most important natural resource, indispensable for life and at the same time the backbone of growth and prosperity for humankind. More than 1.1 billion people lack access to safe water and 2.6-billion lack access to basic sanitation in the world today. Water is not like other commodities in the sense that it is essential to human life. It is also essential to economic growth and poverty reduction. About 18% of the world’s population lacks access to improved water supply, According to WHO, 1.6 million deaths per year can be attributed to unsafe water and lack of sanitation (Pérard, 2007:42). Major threats to the sustainability of rural water supplies include high poverty levels in communities, weak institutional framework and inability of communities to handle breakdowns.
The purpose of the research was to determine the factors that affect the sustainability of rural water supply facilities in Sankuri Division, Garissa District. To explore the causes of non-functionality of the water supply, a purposive survey was undertaken covering five (5) locations situated within the proximity of the Tana Rive with a sample of 384 households for quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions and key informant interviews.
The study established demographic characteristics of the study population, majority of the respondents (73.8%) that fetched water for the household were women, and 4.4% were female children. As concerns their level of education and ability to pay for the services, those with higher levels of education were more likely to pay for the water services. Economic factor had a bearing on the households’ ability to pay for the services and therefore the need to consider the cost implication for sustainability of the WSS. Aspects of the operations and management of the WSS elicited components of sustainability and the study’s findings whereby Water management Committee accounted for 48.6%, however components of management contributing to unsustainability among others were poor management skills 18%, corruption among the office bearers 8.4% and lack of accountability 8%.
The study concluded that involvement of women in the management of the water systems since they are mostly involved in accessing this valuable commodity for their households is of utter importance, given their key role in this vital commodity for the members of their households. Cost has played a crucial role in the sustainability of the WSS, and lastly, Governance issues were not articulated to promote active community participation by the government policy, hence influence of the Operation and Management of the WSS.
The study made recommendations at two levels: To the Government to incorporate basic Operations and Management skills for the WSS teams and enhance the capacity building in the initiation of the projects. Water Service Providers to be aware of the consumers’ preference in the management of the WSS. The committee members’ capacity building is crucial for the attainment of sustainability of the WSS. Water tariffs to be affordable in order to support the communities’ ability to pay for the services, and to facilitate maintenance of the systems. Lastly, planning of annual stakeholders and management meetings to promote trust and ownership of the water facility should be emphasized.
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Aitkhozhaeva, G. S., E. A. Anarbaev, and V. I. Nilipovskiy. "Improving the quality of farmland, taking into account land reclamation in the Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2022-3.2708-9991.20.
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The problem of preserving and increasing soil fertility is becoming increasingly important due to the sharp deterioration of their condition, increasing degradation. The further development of agriculture in the republic is determined by the improvement of its structure, the wider use of innovative resource-saving technologies and integrated reclamation systems. Purpose – the article deals with the use of agricultural land, taking into account irrigation systems in the Turkestan region. Methods – statistical processing to obtain quantitative and effective indicators, as well as comparative analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach. Results – obtaining the main indicators made it possible to carry out calculations to determine technical and economic indicators that identify the strengths and weaknesses of the development of agroindustrial complex, which will make it possible in the future to develop a forecast for creation of investment projects in the sectors of agriculture of Kazakhstan. The distribution of the land fund of the region by land categories is shown, the analysis of composition of agricultural lands by types, their division into reclamation groups is given. The authors note that the potential for intensifying the branches of domestic agro-industrial complex may be the restoration of irrigated areas with reconstruction of reclamation facilities. With the rational use of land and correct implementation of work aimed at improving their quality, taking into account regional characteristics, technical level and efficiency of irrigation devices, productivity of agricultural land will increase. Conclusions – the features of land reclamation and unsettled areas imply a purposeful social production activity, which objective is to provide a variety of natural resources and a favorable environment. Land reclamation is an important factor in intensification of agricultural production, opening up wide reserves for in creasing productivity and creating a solid fodder base for livestock breeding. A digital platform for reclamation water management system should be developed. As a result, there will be a signi ficant increase in the effectiveness of field crop production.
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Fum, Ruikang Marcus, and Roland Hodler. "Natural resources and income inequality: The role of ethnic divisions." Economics Letters 107, no. 3 (June 2010): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.03.008.
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Thilmany, Dawn. "Martin, Philip L., Wallace Huffman, Robert Emerson, J. Edward Taylor, and Refugio I. Rochin, eds. Immigration Reform and U.S. Agriculture . Davis CA: University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3358, 1995, xii + 580 pp., $@@‐@@40.00." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 77, no. 3 (August 1995): 816–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243262.
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Klimanov, Nikita Viktorovich, and David Eduardovich Mazlumyan. "International legal status of the Arctic Region and its role within modern system of international relations." Международное право, no. 3 (March 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2644-5514.2020.3.33527.
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This article examines the image of the Arctic Region as a large geopolitical actor with clear division of the zone of political influence of modern countries. The article reviews the negative aspects of lobbying for the interests of separate countries, which impact situation in the region, as well as negative consequences substantiated by the absence of standardized international legislative regulation of security regime and presence of external actors in the region. Within the framework of this study, the authors carried out a legal and economic analysis of the current geopolitical situation, as well as existing aspects of normative regulation of this branch in the region, as well as concluded on the possibility of joint development of the bottom of the Arctic shelf and realization of projects in the sphere of natural resource management of the Arctic Region. The scientific novelty consists in a brief, but in-depth substantiation of typical characteristics of the current system of international relations, as well as in the complex analysis of significance of the Arctic region on the agenda of world politics, and determination of “Arctic policy” as a separate vector in strategy of the leading countries of the world. The authors consider legal characteristics and existing approaches towards determination of legal status of the Arctic territories, which vary in different political-legal traditions. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 is the framework document that serves as the basis of national justification of claims in the Arctic Region. The main conclusion consists in the description of the existing conflict of laws, which can be overcome successfully only in terms of mutual, joint, fruitful cooperation of the key political actors that are involved or have political aspirations in the Arctic Region.
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Crabbe, Philippe, and Anthony Scott. "Progress in Natural Resource Economics." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 12, no. 3 (September 1986): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550619.
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Pearce, David, and Anthony Scott. "Progress in Natural Resource Economics." Economic Journal 96, no. 382 (June 1986): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233147.
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Conrad, Jon M., and Tom Tietenberg. "Environmental and Natural Resource Economics." Land Economics 62, no. 3 (August 1986): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146403.
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Heaps, Terry, and Anthony Scott. "Progress in Natural Resource Economics." Canadian Journal of Economics 20, no. 2 (May 1987): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135381.
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Rasheed, Muhammad Waseem, Jialiang Tang, Abid Sarwar, Suraj Shah, Naeem Saddique, Muhammad Usman Khan, Muhammad Imran Khan, et al. "Soil Moisture Measuring Techniques and Factors Affecting the Moisture Dynamics: A Comprehensive Review." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811538.
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The amount of surface soil moisture (SSM) is a crucial ecohydrological natural resource that regulates important land surface processes. It affects critical land–atmospheric phenomena, including the division of energy and water (infiltration, runoff, and evaporation), that impacts the effectiveness of agricultural output (sensible and latent heat fluxes and surface air temperature). Despite its significance, there are several difficulties in making precise measurements, monitoring, and interpreting SSM at high spatial and temporal resolutions. The current study critically reviews the methods and procedures for calculating SSM and the variables influencing measurement accuracy and applicability under different fields, climates, and operational conditions. For laboratory and field measurements, this study divides SSM estimate strategies into (i) direct and (ii) indirect procedures. The accuracy and applicability of a technique depends on the environment and the resources at hand. Comparative research is geographically restricted, although precise and economical—direct measuring techniques like the gravimetric method are time-consuming and destructive. In contrast, indirect methods are more expensive and do not produce measurements at the spatial scale but produce precise data on a temporal scale. While measuring SSM across more significant regions, ground-penetrating radar and remote sensing methods are susceptible to errors caused by overlapping data and atmospheric factors. On the other hand, soft computing techniques like machine/deep learning are quite handy for estimating SSM without any technical or laborious procedures. We determine that factors, e.g., topography, soil type, vegetation, climate change, groundwater level, depth of soil, etc., primarily influence the SSM measurements. Different techniques have been put into practice for various practical situations, although comparisons between them are not available frequently in publications. Each method offers a unique set of potential advantages and disadvantages. The most accurate way of identifying the best soil moisture technique is the value selection method (VSM). The neutron probe is preferable to the FDR or TDR sensor for measuring soil moisture. Remote sensing techniques have filled the need for large-scale, highly spatiotemporal soil moisture monitoring. Through self-learning capabilities in data-scarce areas, machine/deep learning approaches facilitate soil moisture measurement and prediction.
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Sazen, Noorie. "Online Training and Reporting: Natural Resource Governance Institute." International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC) 12, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v12i2.11705.
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<p class="0abstract">Winner of the IELA E-Learning Award Business Division 2019, Petronia is an innovative game-based learning experience designed by Saffron Interactive for the Natural Resource Governance Institute.</p>
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Wilman, Elizabeth A., and Philip A. Neher. "Natural Resource Economics: Conservation and Exploitation." Canadian Journal of Economics 25, no. 1 (February 1992): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135726.
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Segerson, Kathleen, John M. Hartwick, and Nancy D. Olewiler. "The Economics of Natural Resource Use." Land Economics 62, no. 4 (November 1986): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146476.
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