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Tesfaye, Asmelash, Ermiyas Mekonnen, Mekete Girma, Tekleyohannes Birhanu, and Wondwesen Shiferaw. "ASSESSMENT ON NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN NYANGATOM DISTRICT OF SOUTH OMO ZONE, SOUTH ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i4.2015.3024.
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The aim of the study was to identify the local common resources, conducting SWOT analysis of existing traditional institutions, identify how access to and control over of common resources administered by traditional institutions, identify community and government proposals to enhance existing institutional mechanism and other measures to address unnecessary competition over resources and identify alignment of local government role with that of community priorities. The study employed Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key Informant Interview (KII) to collect the primary data. 1 FGD and 2-3 FGDs were held in each kebele. Natural pasture, trees and shrubs, livestock and water bodies are the major natural resources in the area. The communities in nyangatom have their own traditional way of administrating the available natural resources. Everybody in the community has access to the available resources but the control of these resources mainly lies on men’s specifically community elders. participatory nature of the decision making system and way of acquiring information prior to enforcement of punishment are the strengths of these traditional institutions whereas poor participation of women, lack of long lasting binding rules and lack of regular frame of time for meeting are among the weaknesses. In addition, there are resource use committee’s in the community that administer specific resources. The involvement of government in development of pasture land found to be poor. Increase in population, recurrent drought, disease outbreak, incidences of conflict and introduction of invasive alien species are the threat to NRM. Rehabilitation of the depleted grazing lands and introduction of improved pasture management, Maintenance, rehabilitation and construction of water infrastructure, improving livestock health, Expanding small scale irrigation, Ensuring security and Countering prosopisjuliflora were the mitigation measures suggested by the community.
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Suleyman Abdureman Omer and Nuradin Abdi Hassen. "Systemic Review of the Bottlenecks and Priority Corresponding Strategic Interventions of Enhancing Environmental Management and Sustainability in the case of Ethiopia country." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i9.624.
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Appropriate management of natural resources (land, soil, water and environment) is a powerful influence on environmental quality and sustainability and can lead to increased long term agricultural production and productivity. Therefore, the extension system needs to introduce appropriate natural resources in order to avert environmental degradation. In this sub-section, four extension-related bottlenecks that affect resource management have been identified. These are, (1) Poor linkage between natural resource management and livelihood strategies, (2) Limited capacity on environment and Natural Resource Management (3) Low access to and use of climate smart agricultural technologies and agro-metrological information and (4) Less attention to environment sustainability in the extension advisory service. This strategy has developed four systemic interventions to address these bottlenecks.
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Hailemariam, Sisay Nune, Teshome Soromessa, and Demel Teketay. "Institutional Arrangements and Management of Environmental Resources in Ethiopia." Environment and Natural Resources Research 6, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n1p67.
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<p class="1Body">The study was conducted in three main eco-regions, namely Bale Mountains, South-West and Semien Eco-Regions in Ethiopia with the following objectives - to: (i) review the current institutional arrangements in terms of rights and responsibilities, planning system, capacity, and motivation of local communities for the management of environmental resources in Ethiopia in general, and the forest sector in particular and (ii) assess constraints for the successful implementation of policies/legislation, strategies, programs, projects and actions at a landscape level. Focus group discussion and semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Purposive sampling method was employed to select respondents. Environmental resources conservation and management (ERCM) institutions considered in this study were agriculture and natural resources, water, irrigation and electricity, land and environmental protection, local administration, and road authorities. Within the above-mentioned institutions a total of 56 questionnaires were administered and 48 interviews were conducted. The results show that the capacity of the existing institutions is constrained by lack of clear rights and responsibilities, absence of common result framework, absence of common planning system, high staff turnover, absence of spatial planners and failure to respond to the demands of community-based organizations. The institutional arrangements need critical review and analyses in order to design responsible institutions for ERCM at all levels, which includes availing knowledgeable and all-rounded professionals at all levels, with proper incentive mechanisms, who would be able to cope with future challenges emanating from climate change and other social tensions.</p>
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Gezahegn, Tafesse W., and Xueqin Zhu. "Marginal value of natural water in agriculture: a study in the suburbs of Mekelle City, Ethiopia." Water Policy 17, no. 2 (August 11, 2014): 316–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.146.
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In areas where markets for natural water are lacking, information on its marginal value can be an important tool for proper pricing to achieve efficient allocation of the resource. This article investigates the marginal value of natural water (rainwater used as a proxy) in agricultural crop production in the suburbs of Mekelle City, Ethiopia, by econometrically estimating individual value functions for three selected crops: wheat, barley, and teff (a staple food crop in Ethiopia). Results show that, on average, an additional 0.30 birr (birr = Ethiopian currency: 1 euro ≈ 23 birr) worth of output is generated for each extra cubic meter of rainwater used. This result provides the marginal value (shadow price) of water in crop production at a certain point of the water cycle. It thus provides useful policy information for efficiently pricing water resources based on full-cost recovery, implying that the current tap water prices should be increased at least by 0.30 birr/m3 if the scarcity value of natural water is to be accounted for. The marginal value of natural water turned out to be the highest in teff production, suggesting that producing this crop would be the most water-efficient decision in the area.
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AMENU, BEKELE TONA. "Review: Forest management and conservation practices in Ethiopia: Opportunities and constraints." Asian Journal of Forestry 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r010204.
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Amenu BT. 2018. Review: Forest management and conservation practices in Ethiopia: Opportunities and constraints. Asian J For 2: 77-82. Ethiopia has various and diversified natural resources. Forests are one of the most valuable resources of our physical environments. It is one of the natural resources that have several benefits for the society. It constitutes various social, economic, and other uses. This review identified that forests are an important part of our state's environment and economy. When it managed well, forests provide clean air and water, homes for wildlife, beautiful scenery, places for recreation and more than 5,000 products we all use every day. Forest resources and forest lands should be managed and used in sustainable basis to fulfill the social, economic, cultural and spiritual needs of the present and future generation. By its nature, forestry is concerned with maintaining the quality of various nonmarket benefits. In forest management, trees are harvested for a variety of reasons including improving the health of the forest; controlling the types of trees that grow on the site; attracting certain wildlife species; providing a source of income for the landowner; producing paper, lumber and numerous other forest products; and improving access to the area for hikers, hunters and other recreational users. There are varieties problems, constraints, and opportunities of forest conservation and management system Address poverty and forest governance by promoting forest ownership and access rights. Promote greater recognition of the rights of local and indigenous groups and give greater attention to land tenure, ownership, and rights-to-resource, the greatest biodiversity losses in the world have occurred through habitat losses. Conversely, the greatest opportunities for ecological restoration will occur through land abandonment, and access issues In addition to this, the social, economic constraints and socio-economic factors are the major problems. The major constraints or problems are adequate appreciation of the role and value of forest and in adequate investment in forestry sector under the state plan etc. (internet). Constraints and factors such as poor management plan, lack of good resource management plan and policy were the main factors and constraints of forest destruction.
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Gebremedhin, Berhanu, John Pender, and Girmay Tesfay. "Community natural resource management: the case of woodlots in Northern Ethiopia." Environment and Development Economics 8, no. 1 (January 6, 2003): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0300007x.
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This paper examines the nature of community management of woodlots and investigates the determinants of collective action and its effectiveness in managing woodlots, based on a survey of 100 villages in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Despite limited current benefits received by community members, the woodlots contribute substantially to community wealth, increasing members' willingness to provide collective effort to manage the woodlots. We find that benefits are greater and problems less on woodlots managed at the village level than those managed at a higher municipality level, and that the average intensity of management is greater on village-managed woodlots. The factors that do significantly affect collective action include population density (higher collective labor input and lower planting density at intermediate than at low or high density), market access (less labor input, planting density and tree survival where market access is better), and presence of external organizations promoting the woodlot (reduces local effort to protect the woodlot and tree survival). The finding of an inverse U-shaped relationship between population density and collective labor input is consistent with induced innovation theory, with the increased labor/land ratio promoting collective effort to invest in resources as population density grows to a moderate level, while incentive problems may undermine collective action at high levels of population density. These findings suggest collective action may be more beneficial and more effective when managed at a more local level, when the role of external organizations is more demand-driven, and when promoted in intermediate population density communities more remote from markets. In higher population density settings and areas closer to markets, private-oriented approaches are likely to be more effective.
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Alemu, Melku Dagnachew. "Farmers’ Perception and Indigenous Knowledge for Natural Resources Management, Abo-Wonsho Woreda, Southern Ethiopia." Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 11 (2019): 1405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2019.1011103.
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Ogbaharya, Daniel, and Aregai Tecle. "Community-based natural resources management in Eritrea and Ethiopia: toward a comparative institutional analysis." Journal of Eastern African Studies 4, no. 3 (November 2010): 490–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2010.517417.
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Baumgärtner, Johann, Markus Bieri, Giuseppe Buffoni, Gianni Gilioli, Hiremagalur Gopalan, Jürgen Greiling, Getachew Tikubet, and Ingeborg Van Schayk. "Human health improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa through integrated management of arthropod transmitted diseases and natural resources." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 17, suppl (2001): S37—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2001000700012.
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A concept of an ecosystem approach to human health improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa is presented here. Three factors mainly affect the physical condition of the human body: the abiotic environment, vector-transmitted diseases, and natural resources. Our concept relies on ecological principles embedded in a social context and identifies three sets of subsystems for study and management: human disease subsystems, natural resource subsystems, and decision-support subsystems. To control human diseases and to secure food from resource subsystems including livestock or crops, integrated preventive approaches are preferred over exclusively curative and sectorial approaches. Environmental sustainability - the basis for managing matter and water flows - contributes to a healthy human environment and constitutes the basis for social sustainability. For planning and implementation of the human health improvement scheme, participatory decision-support subsystems adapted to the local conditions need to be designed through institutional arrangements. The applicability of this scheme is demonstrated in urban and rural Ethiopia.
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Mohammed, Abrar Juhar, and Makoto Inoue. "Drawbacks of decentralized natural resource management: experience from Chilimo Participatory Forest Management project, Ethiopia." Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 1 (February 2012): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10310-011-0270-9.
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Challa, Tamrat Gebiso. "ADOPTION AND IMPACTS OF NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION IN ARSI ZONE, ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 7 (August 6, 2021): 234–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i7.2021.4060.
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Land degradation in Ethiopia alone accounts for 8% of the global total degradation. The most serious problem concerning country’s land resources, however, is the removal of fertile topsoil by water. Population pressure which results to intensive cultivation, overgrazing deforestation and inappropriate land use practices are the most serious cause of soil erosion in Ethiopia which is more severe in the highlands areas where, 85% of the human and 77% of livestock population are living and agriculture is intensive. To reverse the situation the government of Ethiopia designed policy and programs which are holistic and landscape wide approaches. Based on the strategies, different soil and water management programs have been implemented throughout the country and different practices were introduced to farmers as well for more than ten years. The central questions of this research were, whether farmers adopt these soil and water conservation practices; and if yes, do these soil and water conservation interventions have an impact in improving crop production in value per hectare and gross annual income of participating households? If yes, how much is the impact? Based on above objectives, the research was conducted in Arsi zone and data was collected from 202 respondents in representative districts. Both adopters and counterfactual respondents were included. Educational background of households, farming experiences, size of landholding, slop of plot, degree of vulnerability of the districts and extension contact significantly and positively affect adoption probability while land fragmentation was significant and negatively influencing adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC) activity. Though it was not statistically significant, SWC adoption has positive impact on productivity, gross production and income of the household. The average treatment effect on treated (ATT) was 6358.86 ETB of total household income which could be proxy for farm level productivity and 85.35 quintal of total annual farm production.
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Abebe, Firew Bekele, and Solomon Estifanos Bekele. "Challenges to National Park Conservation and Management in Ethiopia." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 5 (April 11, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n5p52.
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National parks are areas of land protected to conserve native plants and animals and their habitats, places of natural attractiveness, historic heritage and native cultures. The objective of this review paper was to identify challenges affecting conservation and management of national parks in Ethiopia and based on review results, to suggest management strategies that can bring solutions to the problems. Lack of sense of ownership, limited awareness, population growth, lack of coordination, conflicts over resources, Issues of boundary/Lack of Boundary, invasive species, illegal charcoal production, climate change, and poverty are the identified challenges that are affecting the conservation and management of national parks in Ethiopia. Developing sense of ownership within community, awareness creation and development, collaborative approach and consultation among stakeholders, co-management and resolution of border issues, reduction of free grazing, invasive species utilization, care during introduction and biological control, reduction of fuel-wood consumption and increase carbon sequestration, improving incomes, institutional and policy reforms are the suggested strategies that can bring solutions to the problems.
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Beyene, Shimelis. "The Awash National Park, Ethiopia: A Clash of Cows and Cultures." Practicing Anthropology 28, no. 4 (September 1, 2006): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.28.4.r57ltp2807m82k56.
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The Awash Valley is well known for anthropological studies. Several fossil-rich sites representing all stages of hominid evolution, including the one that yielded "Lucy," have attracted worldwide attention since the 1970s. Also, the anubis-hamadryas baboon hybrid zone in Awash National Park has been the focus of primatologists since the 1960s. What we know less about are the various indigenous pastoral populations that live in the very places where the hominid fossils and baboons have been studied and where shrinking resources are undermining their traditional livelihoods. In this paper, I focus on attempts to create a collaborative natural resource management system for the park and surrounding areas and highlight barriers uncovered along the way.
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Oniki, Shunji, Haftu Etsay, Melaku Berhe, and Teklay Negash. "Improving Cooperation among Farmers for Communal Land Conservation in Ethiopia: A Public Goods Experiment." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 9290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219290.
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Farmers in developing countries depend on communal natural resources, yet countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are facing the severe degradation of communal lands due to the so-called “tragedy of the commons”. For the sustainable management of common resources, policy interventions, such as farmer seminars, are necessary to ensure high-level cooperation among farmers for land conservation. However, the effects of this type of information provision are not well known. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the dissemination of conservation information on collaborative communal forest management using an economic field experiment with 936 farmers selected by random sampling from 11 villages in the northern Ethiopian Highlands. We conducted a public goods game experiment using a framework of voluntary contribution to communal land conservation with an intervention to remind participants about the consequence of their behaviors. The results show that the volunteer contribution increased after the intervention, and thereafter the decay of the contribution was slow. The results indicate that providing information about the consequences leads to a higher contribution. The effects of information provision are heterogeneous in terms of social condition, such as access to an urban area and social capital, and individual characteristics, such as wealth. These findings imply that information provision effectively improves farmer collaboration toward natural resource conservation in developing countries.
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Oniki, Shunji, Melaku Berhe, and Teklay Negash. "Role of Social Norms in Natural Resource Management: The Case of the Communal Land Distribution Program in Northern Ethiopia." Land 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9020035.
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The increasing population pressure in the rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa has caused land degradation as well as an increase in the number of landless farmers. To promote a conservation-oriented utilization of communal lands and increase the livelihood of poor farmers, the Ethiopian government introduced a program to distribute less-utilized communal lands to landless farmers. This study identified the social norms related to natural resource conservation that affect the participation in this program. Using data from 477 farmer households in northern Ethiopia, we estimated probit models with endogenous regressors for the determinants of social norms and their impacts on program participation. The results show that social norms related to conservation positively affect program participation. Regarding policy implication of the findings, an intervention to improve the social norms of local farmers leads to sustainable resource conservation without reducing intrinsic motivation of the local people. A conservation-oriented utilization of the communal lands would be more effective if the land distribution program was accompanied by other programs to improve the social norms in the villages.
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Wondirad, Amare. "Ecotourism development challenges and opportunities in Wondo Genet and its environs, southern Ethiopia." Journal of Place Management and Development 13, no. 4 (May 8, 2020): 465–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-12-2018-0109.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to systematically identify and examine the challenges and opportunities of ecotourism development in Wondo Genet and its vicinity, southern Ethiopia and thereby forward suggestions to pertinent ecotourism stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mixed-method research approach and collects primary data from 412 research participants (400 survey respondents and 12 interviewees). Descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis are used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Findings The research findings unfold several constraints that deter successful ecotourism development along with opportunities that can be used in future development. Ecotourism is suggested as a complementary form of tourism development in Wondo Genet and its vicinity, as the area is known for its natural and cultural resources. Research limitations/implications The findings offer substantive insights to policymakers, private investors and local communities about the existing challenges and opportunities of ecotourism development in the context of emerging destinations. Given time, budget and human resource are acute restraints in developing countries; the current study is relevant in terms of highlighting the most pressing challenges that demand urgent action to unleash the development of a sustainable tourist destination. Practical implications The findings of this study also provide crucial practical implications to various stakeholders about the complementary nature of ecotourism and sustainable placemaking to conserve destinations’ environmental resources while improving socioeconomic conditions. Originality/value Despite Wondo Genet's immense ecotourism resource potential as one of the prime destinations both in the country and in the region, a huge gap exists in the current literature, where the current study intends to bridge in a comprehensive manner.
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Tesfamariam, Zbelo, Jan Nyssen, Jean Poesen, Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes, Kelemework Tafere, Amanuel Zenebe, Seppe Deckers, and Veerle Van Eetvelde. "Landscape research in Ethiopia: misunderstood or lost synergy?" Rangeland Journal 41, no. 2 (2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18060.
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A full understanding of the concept of landscape plays a paramount role in sustainable management of natural resources and an increase of landscape studies. However, little is known about the concept of landscape, landscape research and its application in Ethiopia. Hence, the overall objective of this paper is to explore the concept of landscape and review available literatures on landscape research in Ethiopia and to identify research gaps. A questionnaire (n=30) was administered to explore the concept of landscape. A systematic review of available studies on landscape and related concepts has also been made. Out of the 398 papers in which the terms ‘landscape’ and ‘Ethiopia’ appeared in the title, keywords or abstract, 26 papers, having 10 or more keywords related to landscape research were included in this in-depth review. An exploratory study of art and media has been made to examine the perception of artists on landscapes. The results of the study show that the perception of Ethiopian artists on landscape is highly associated with concept of the landscape. The findings of the survey also reveal that the meaning of the term landscape differs semantically. The findings of the review also indicate that landscape studies carried out in Ethiopia do not fully cover the holistic concept of landscape; as they mostly focus more on physical features of the landscape. Moreover, the interdisciplinary approach that integrates landscape ecology, perception and history, which is important for understanding landscapes and landscape changes, is also lacking. Generally, the concept of landscape seems to be misconceived in most studies undertaken in Ethiopia, mainly because it is interchangeably used with land use and land cover. Hence, there is a need for a better understanding of the concept of landscape and the applications of a holistic landscape approach.
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Wossen, Tesfamicheal, Thomas Berger, Teferi Mequaninte, and Bamlaku Alamirew. "Social network effects on the adoption of sustainable natural resource management practices in Ethiopia." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 20, no. 6 (November 14, 2013): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2013.856048.
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Black, Richard, and Elizabeth Watson. "Local Community, Legitimacy, and Cultural Authenticity in Postconflict Natural Resource Management: Ethiopia and Mozambique." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 24, no. 2 (April 2006): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d0703.
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Keeley, James, and Ian Scoones. "Knowledge, power and politics: the environmental policy-making process in Ethiopia." Journal of Modern African Studies 38, no. 1 (March 2000): 89–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99003262.
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Policy discourses urging environmental rehabilitation, and rapid agricultural intensification for food self-sufficiency are firmly entrenched in Ethiopia. This paper examines the actor-networks and key policy spaces associated with the establishment of these discourses, taking natural resource management policies, and institutionalisation of the SG-2000 extension programme as case studies. An emergent, and potentially challenging, participatory natural resource management discourse is also identified. Contrasting the regions of Tigray and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region (SNNPR), the paper concludes by arguing that, with decentralisation, differences between regional administrative and political cultures are key to policy processes, affecting the degree to which central policies reflect local concerns.
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Mekuria, Wolde, Amare Haileslassie, Anna Tengberg, and Cryton Zazu. "Stakeholders interest and influence and their interactions in managing natural resources in Lake Hawassa catchment, Ethiopia." Ecosystems and People 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2021.1894238.
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Nahusenay, Abate. "The role of rural women in natural resources management and utilization: A case of Delanta District, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia." Journal of Ecology and The Natural Environment 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jene2018.0716.
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Cheng, Sheauchi, Yukio Hiwatashi, Hideki Imai, Mitsuru Naito, and Tatsuka Numata. "Deforestation and Degradation of Natural Resources in Ethiopia: Forest Management Implications from a Case Study in the Belete-Gera Forest." Journal of Forest Research 3, no. 4 (November 1998): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02762193.
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Lin, Jessie, Saurabh Gupta, Tim Loos, and Regina Birner. "Opportunities and Challenges in the Ethiopian Bamboo Sector: A Market Analysis of the Bamboo-Based Value Web." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061644.
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Bamboo is one of the more important natural resources in Ethiopia and contributes to the bioeconomy as a potential source for high-value products. While the country is the largest producer of bamboo in Africa, the existing utilization of the bamboo sector in Ethiopia remains under-developed, with little value addition. This study identifies the current market challenges and opportunities for future developments of the northern Ethiopian bamboo sector, with a focus on the Injibara township. This research adopts the “value web” approach to assess the potentials of different product lines that create the bamboo biomass value web. We utilize qualitative data collection methods, in particular, semi-structured interviews and informal focus group discussions with key stakeholders. Our findings suggest that bamboo farmers in Injibara are constrained by a lack of local demand and market for bamboo products with high-value addition, leading to an absence of product diversification and innovation. Furthermore, there is an overreliance on foreign technology and methods that are poorly matched for local needs. We recommend that policymakers invest in targeted and effective training strategies on bamboo cultivation and processing. Furthermore, farmers can benefit from decreasing their reliance on middle men with cooperatives or contract arrangements.
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Gelete, Gebre, Huseyin Gokcekus, and Tagesse Gichamo. "Impact of climate change on the hydrology of Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia: a review." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 1539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.014.
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Abstract Climate change alters the spacial and temporal availability of water resources by affecting the hydrologic cycle. The main objective of this paper is to review the climate change effect on the water resources of the Blue Nile River, Ethiopia. The impact of climate change on water resources is highly significant as all natural ecosystems and humans are heavily dependent on water. It alters precipitation, temperature, and streamflow of the Blue Nile river basin which is threatening the lives and livelihoods of people and life-supporting systems. Rainfall within the Blue Nile river basin is highly erratic and seasonal due to it being located in the inter-tropical convergent zone. The temperature and sediment load are shown to increase in the future while the rainfall and streamflow are decreasing. The Blue Nile basin is characterized by highly erosive rainfall, erodible soil, and shrinking forest cover. Therefore, mitigation and adaptation measures should be applied by considering these characteristics of the basin. Watershed management methods like afforestation and water conservation are recommended to reduce the impact on the Blue Nile basin.
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Ogawa, Ryunosuke, Masahiro Hirata, Birhane Gebremedhin, Satoshi Uchida, Toru Sakai, Kazuhisa Koda, and Koichi Takenaka. "Impact of Differences in Land Management on Natural Vegetation in Semi-Dry Areas: The Case Study of the Adi Zaboy Watershed in the Kilite Awlaelo District, Eastern Tigray Region, Ethiopia." Environments 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6010002.
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The search for a sustainable land management has become a universal issue. It is especially necessary to discuss sustainable land management and to secure a site with enough feed supply to improve the lives of the farmers in the Ethiopian Highlands. This research studied the Adi Zaboy watershed in Tigray in order to reveal the changes in land management, assess how the different forms of land management affected the vegetation through unsupervised classification and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis with geographic information system (GIS) 10.5 using a WorldView-2 satellite image taken in September 2016 and field investigation, and consider how to allow both environmental preservation and sustainable use of feed resources. The land management types at the research site were classified as “seasonally-closed grazing land”, “prohibited grazing and protected forest land”, and “free grazing land”. On comparing the NDVI of each type of land management, it was found that the seasonally-closed grazing land makes it highly possible to secure and supply feed resources by limiting the grazing period. The expansion of the prohibited grazing and protected forest land is likely to tighten the restriction on the use of resources. Therefore, sustainable land management to secure feed resources may be possible by securing and actively using seasonally-closed grazing land, securing feed by a cut-and-carry, and using satellite images and GIS.
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SHIFERAW, MULUKEN, BIMREW ASMARE, FIREW TEGEGNE, and DESSALEGN MOLLA. "Farmers perception and utilization status of improved forages grown in the natural resource areas of northwestern Ethiopia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 1568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190450.
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Shiferaw M, Asmare B, Tegegne F, Molla D. 2018. Farmers perception and utilization status of improved forages grown inthe natural resource areas of northwestern Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 19: 1568-1578. A study on the perception and utilization ofimproved forages grown in natural resource conservation areas was conducted in selected districts of northwestern Ethiopia. This studyaims to investigate the perception of improved forage production and utilization system on natural resource conservation areas inselected areas of northwestern Ethiopia. Primary data was collected from selected households by interviewing using semi-structuredquestionnaire. Field observation and focus group discussion were also employed to enhance the survey data. A total of 180 households(90 from each district) were selected and interviewed. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS softwareversion 20. The result indicated that the average land and livestock holding of respondents were 2.24 ha and 5.56 TLU per household,respectively. The most common forage production methods used by the smallholder farmers were broadcasting (41%), cutting (28%)and row seedling (18%) for both districts. For the majority of respondents (44%), the purpose of forage production of respondents wasfor animal fodder. Farmers in the study areas had a good perception about improved forage production as forages due havemultifunction to the household in the form of soil conservation, fodder production, and income generation. Though improved forageshave many roles in the livelihood and environmental management of the study districts, respondents had problems of skill in productionand utilization of forages. This study elucidates that, relevant development and research interventions such as management andutilization of improved forage production should be the future direction of research and development. Sustainable forage developmentand use for nature conservation and is becoming very important to be a livestock feed source if cut and carry system is regularly applied.
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Haile Tefera, Ashebir. "Feasibility Study of Irrigation Development for Sustainable Natural Resources Management Under Changing Climate of Jabi Tehnan Woreda, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia." American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics 6, no. 2 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20210602.11.
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Boissière, M., S. Atmadja, S. Benmakhlouf, M. Beyessa, H. Kassa, T. Hunde, and F. Assefa. "Developing small-scale bamboo enterprises for livelihoods and environmental restoration in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia." International Forestry Review 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 306–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820830405618.
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We document the perceptions, practices and policy options in managing lowland bamboo [Oxytenanthera abyssinica] in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State (BGRS) in Ethiopia, particularly to enable small-scale enterprises (SSE) to become more active in this field. This region hosts the largest extent of natural bamboo forests in Ethiopia. There is a recent push to realize bamboo's economic and environmental potential in Ethiopia, which puts SSEs as crucial actors. There is little or scattered published information on local perceptions and practices surrounding natural bamboo forest management and options for realizing bamboo's potential from a subnational/local perspective in Africa, including in Ethiopia. In 2018, we conducted a literature review, spatial analysis, participatory mapping, and interviewed experts working in governmental and non-governmental organizations and local stakeholders in BGRS. We find some consensus of the environmental importance of bamboo. In contrast, there is some debate at the subnational level about the economic importance of bamboo, leading to decisions favouring other land uses. Bamboo forests in this region suffer neglect, as they are perceived to be 'owned by no one and used by everyone' and will continue to be there without management. Lack of market-driven opportunities, bamboo-specific training among foresters, data on economic contributions of bamboo, and regulations or guidelines to support existing laws have prevented effective management of the bamboo resource. There are multiple bamboo management approaches that open economic opportunities for SSEs in the region. There needs to be more clarity on how to secure land use rights over bamboo forests, accessible financing, market linkages, business training, and low-tech/low-cost technologies to encourage the development of bamboo SSEs.
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Aregai, Mekonen, and Muluberhan Bedemariam. "Socio-environmental conflicts between the refugee populations and their host communities: The case of Eritrean Refugees in North Western Tigray, Ethiopia." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0012.
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AbstractThis article presents research on the socio environmental impact of refugees on their host communities. We assessed the challenges of refuge populations to their host community in north western Tigray, Ethiopia, where the Eritrean refugees are settled,. Primary data was produced from semi-structured questionnaires and a random sampling technique deploying a logistic regression model to describe the relationship between the socio-environmental changes of the host community. Results suggested 96% of the sample respondents confirmed changes of tree species and forest coverage on community farms was observed during the study period. Similarly, change in forest coverage and changes in tree species are strongly and positively associated with the existence of refugees in the study communities. The dramatic change observed on forest coverage and tree species has led to a progressive decline in natural resources. The study concluded that unplanned human population influxes, especially refugee inflows, affected host communities negatively and the socio-environmental situation has been significantly changed in the study areas. The study highlights the need for holistic intervention to ameliorate the negative impacts and to maintain the sustainable management of natural resources so as to improve the socio-environmental impact of refugees on host communities.
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Gebremedhin, Shewit, Abebe Getahun, Wassie Anteneh, Stijn Bruneel, and Peter Goethals. "A Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Responses Framework to Support the Sustainability of Fish and Fisheries in Lake Tana, Ethiopia." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 2957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082957.
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Lake Tana, Ethiopia’s largest lake, has a remarkable and conservation-worthy assemblage of fish species, requiring fisheries management for sustainable exploitation. However, due to anthropogenic impacts, many of these fish species are threatened. Hence, an improved management of these resources is recommended. To allow a more sustainable exploitation of natural resources, a better understanding of the cause-effect relationships between anthropogenic impacts and environmental components is fundamental. The Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Responses (DPSIR) framework is a useful tool to describe these links in a meaningful way to managers and policy makers. Despite its potential, application of DPSIR is virtually lacking in developing countries. This paper assessed the potential of the DPSIR framework and used it to comprehensively describe the available knowledge and management needs in the lake catchment. Rapid population growth and the economic transformation are the main driving forces leading to various pressures such as water quality and wetlands degradation as well as declining fish community, which is detrimental to the socio-economic state and health of the local inhabitants. As feedback to the driving forces, pressures, state changes and impacts, optimal multi-level responses are developed. This study aims at providing policy makers a better understanding of the lake catchment in order to bridge the gap between science and decision-making.
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Bogale, Ayalneh. "Valuing Natural Forest Resources: An Application of Contingent Valuation Method on Adaba-Dodola Forest Priority Area, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 30, no. 6 (September 2011): 518–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2011.567353.
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Oniki, Shunji, Melaku Berhe, and Koichi Takenaka. "Efficiency Impact of the Communal Land Distribution Program in Northern Ethiopia." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 4436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114436.
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A rapid increase in population in sub-Saharan Africa has caused a decrease in farm size, an increase in the number of landless farmers, and soil erosion in communal forests due to increasing utilization. Ethiopia has addressed this problem by introducing an epoch-making privatization policy for the allocation of communal land to landless farmers. This policy promotes the economic utilization of the communal land while protecting natural resources. Hitherto, few studies have evaluated the impact of the policy. We evaluate the effect of the communal land distribution policy for tree-planting using technical efficiency of farm production by estimating a stochastic production function model in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. We compare the technical efficiencies of farm production between both participating and nonparticipating farms in the program using a quasi-experimental method. The results reveal the improvement of technical efficiency through communal land distribution. Therefore, program activities could increase farm incomes while maintaining land conservation. Thus, the allocation of communal land promotes sustainable land utilization in the mountainous areas of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Razack, Moumtaz, Wakgari Furi, Likissa Fanta, and Abera Shiferaw. "Water Resource Assessment of a Complex Volcanic System Under Semi-Arid Climate Using Numerical Modeling: The Borena Basin in Southern Ethiopia." Water 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010276.
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The Borena basin is located in southern Ethiopia, in a semi-arid climate, on the eastern shoulder of the south Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). The study area covers 18,000 km2 and is characterized by a lack of perennial surface waters that can be used for domestic and agricultural purpose. As a result, groundwater, which occurs in complex volcanic settings, is the only source for water supply in the study area. This work is focused on the basaltic aquifers, which are intensely fractured, resulting in strong connectivity within the system. All available data (geology, hydraulic head, hydraulic parameters, well inventory and discharge, etc.) were compiled in a GIS database. The overall objective of this work is the assessment of groundwater potential, its spatial distribution and factors controlling its movement using numerical groundwater modeling to enhance groundwater management and use in the Borena basin. The modeling task was conducted at two scales: (i) regional scale; (ii) wellfields scale. The regional steady state model was calibrated using the Pilot points approach, highlighting a strongly heterogeneous system. A significant result of the regional model consisted of estimating the water balance of the whole system. The total inflow to the basin amounts to 542 × 106 m3/year, of which 367 × 106 m3/year are provided by superficial recharge. Groundwater resources are exploited with 7 wellfields. Exploitation of the wellfields was optimized based on the Sustainable Yield concept, which reserves a fraction of natural recharge for the benefit of the environment (surface waters, ecosystems). Each wellfield was extracted from the regional model, refined and used to simulate and optimize pumping scenarios, with the objective of maximizing discharge rates and avoiding over-exploitation of the groundwater. The optimized abstraction at all wellfields amounts to 121 × 106 m3/year, which represents 33% of the natural recharge and fully agrees with the sustainable yield concept.
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Alemayehu, Dejene, and Zerihun Doda. "Indigenous Environmental Knowledge of Borana Pastoralists." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.03047.
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This paper investigated the indigenous environmental knowledge (IEK) of Borana pastoralists in Dhas district of Borana zone in Southern Ethiopia. To select participants for key informant interview and focus group discussion (FGD), snowball sampling was used to pinpoint people who have IEK of Borana pastoralists. Results show that the customary practices of Borana pastoralists that linked to multi-dimensional natural resources management (NRM) include the taxonomy of pastureland and water resources instituted on the season of utility and gazing dimensions, range scouts, herd splitting, cattle mobility, herd diversification, and bush burning. However, currently owing to various factors the IEKs of Borana pastoralists have been facing threatening challenges that question their existence. The study incorporated the capitalization on the customary institutions that advance the IEK and cattle productivity finally improving the livelihoods of the Borana pastoralists. This research intends to help various stakeholders, predominantly pastoralist development office, ecologists and other development partners in a bid to develop Borana pastoralists, to boost their sustainability, and to promote sustainable NRM.
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Hodbod, Jennifer, Emma Tebbs, Kristofer Chan, and Shubhechchha Sharma. "Integrating Participatory Methods and Remote Sensing to Enhance Understanding of Ecosystem Service Dynamics Across Scales." Land 8, no. 9 (August 28, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090132.
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The value of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) for informing resource management has long been recognized; however, its incorporation into ecosystem services (ES) assessments remains uncommon. Often “top-down” approaches are utilized, depending on “expert knowledge”, that are not relevant to local resource users. Here we propose an approach for combining participatory methods with remote sensing to provide a more holistic understanding of ES change. Participatory mapping in focus group discussions identified TEK regarding what ES were present, where, and their value to communities. TEK was then integrated with satellite imagery to extrapolate to the landscape-scale. We demonstrate our method for Nyangatom communities in the Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia, showing for the first time the ES impacts of regional environmental change, including the Gibe III dam, for communities in the Omo River basin. Results confirmed the collapse of flood-retreat cultivation associated with the loss of the annual Omo flood. Communities reported declines in many other provisioning ES, and these results were supported by satellite mapping, which showed substantial reductions in land covers with high ES value (shrubland and wetland), leading to consequent ES declines. Our mixed-methods approach has potential to be applied in other regions to generate locally relevant information for evaluating ES dynamics and improving management of natural resources.
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Mohammed, A. J., and M. Inoue. "Explaining disparity in outcome from community-based natural resource management (CBNRM): a case study in Chilimo Forest, Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 55, no. 9 (November 2012): 1248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2011.640171.
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Nura, Kaso Teha, and Fentaw Said Endris. "Assessment of Levels of Community Awareness to Effects of Forest Degradation and their Environmental Management Practices in Jimma Zone, South western Ethiopia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i2.1501.
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This study aimed to assess the levels of community awareness to the environmental effects of growing use of forest product for peoples’ livelihood and their management practices in Jimma Zone. Thus, local farming communities, Development Agents (DA), Agriculture and Natural resource, Forest and Environmental Protection Officials & Experts are the participant of this study. The study employed descriptive survey research design and both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collections were employed. To assess community environmental awareness survey questionnaire questions (both open and close ended) were distributed for 240 sample respondents. An interview with10 Key informant interviews were also conducted with the head of natural resource management offices of selected woredas and six development agents (DA) in sample selected kebeles and four focus group discussions (FDG) consisted of 10 members were also employed to collect qualitative data.The findings show that all the respondents aware of forest and natural resource degradation about (87%) and (75.4%) were aware of clearing of forest to expand farmland for growing population and cutting trees for fuel wood, charcoal and other forest productsrespectively. Only very few of the respondents were indicate that lack of community awareness to sustainable use and management of forest resource (44.5%)and lack of clear understanding of forest laws and regulation among the community (40.4%)as a cause of deforestation. Therefore, the assessment of community awareness to forest resource degradation survey result shows that all of the farmers in the study area have been aware of natural resource and environmental degradation. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that there is a need of modifying educational/training programs for local communities considering the existing knowledge and practices in a particular area.
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Dagnachew, Melku, Awdenegest Moges, and Asfaw Kebede Kassa. "Effects of Land Uses on Soil Quality Indicators: The Case of Geshy Subcatchment, Gojeb River Catchment, Ethiopia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2306019.
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Land degradation caused by improper land use management is a critical worldwide problem that has revived the issue of resources sustainability. Soil degradation, which involves physical, chemical, and biological degradation, is the key component of land degradation. Assessment of soil quality (SQ) indicators that distinguish soil degradation in different land use (LU) types is enviable to achieve sustainable land management strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of land uses on soil quality indicators in the Geshy subcatchment of the Gojeb River Catchment, Omo-Gibe Basin, Ethiopia. The LU types identified for evaluation included natural forest, cultivation, and grazing lands. Accordingly, a total of 54 soil samples (three LU types × three slope classes (blocks) × three replications × two soil depths) were collected with an “X” plot design for data analysis. Statistical differences in SQ indicators were analyzed among LU types, slope classes, and soil depths and tested using univariate analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, following the general linear model. The results showed that a number of SQ indicators were significantly influenced by LU changes and soil depths. The sand, dry soil bulk densityρb, volumetric soil water contents (VSWC), total porosity, water infiltration rates, cumulative infiltration, and total nitrogen showed significant variations between the natural forest and the other LU types and soil depths (p<0.05). However, silt, clay, soil pH, SOC contents, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and available phosphorus did not show significant variations between LU types and soil depths (p>0.05). The overall qualities of the soils under the cultivation land were inferior in VSWC, TP, water infiltration rates, SOC contents, and TN soil attributes of the adjacent natural forest and grazing lands. The studied soils were found to be dominantly of clays with slightly acidic and low SOC contents and slow in their infiltration rate. Thus, integrated and sustainable land management, aimed at enhancing proper LU systems, is crucial for the sustainable ecosystem functioning and is the most effective way in reversing of soil quality deterioration.
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Damtew, Elias, Barbara van Mierlo, Rico Lie, Paul Struik, Cees Leeuwis, Berga Lemaga, and Christine Smart. "Governing a Collective Bad: Social Learning in the Management of Crop Diseases." Systemic Practice and Action Research 33, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11213-019-09518-4.
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AbstractThere has been strong research interest in designing and testing learning approaches for enhancing and sustaining the capacity of communities to manage collective action problems. Broadening the perspective from well-known social learning approaches in natural resource management, this study explores how social learning as a communicative process influences collective action in contagious crop disease management. A series of facilitated discussion and reflection sessions about late blight management created the social learning space for potato farmers in Ethiopia. Communicative utterances of participants in the sessions served as the units of analysis. The study demonstrates how and to what extent social learning, in the form of aligned new knowledge, relations and actions occurred and formed the basis for collective action in the management of late blight.
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Temesgen Thomas and Taddesse Berisso. "Pastoral Conflict, Emerging Trends and Environmental Stress in Nyangatom, Southern Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities 16, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejossah.v16i2.5.
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This study examined the dynamics of conflict, emerging trends and relationship between inter-pastoral conflicts and environmental changes in Nyangatom, Southern Ethiopia. The study employed a qualitative approach and exploratory case study research design. The study revealed that inter-pastoral conflicts stem from multiple and compounding dynamics. The environmental change has escalated intense inter-pastoralists’ contestation and conflicts, including cross-border conflict, on the scarce and fast-depleting natural resources. Indeed, there is a causal link between inter-pastoral conflicts and environmental changes. In this regard, the environmental factor has uniquely affected the Nyangatom due to the drying of Kibish River and rapid invasion of Prosopis–Juliflora in their key grazing lands. In response to environmental stresses as part of the traditional copying mechanism, the Nyangatom cross border deep into South-Sudan to their ethnic kin of Toposa and into Kenya that usually causes frequent cross-border conflicts with Turkana pastoralists. Irrespective of discernible risk of conflicts, they used to migrate to Mursi and Surma territories that caused conflict. And yet, the Nyangatom has often engaged in frequent conflicts with Dasanach. The study suggests alternative livelihood options and an understanding of the complex conflict dynamics in view of the cause-effect relationships for future management of inter-pastoral and cross-border conflicts in the region.
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LAMMI, D. K., and Z. TESFAYE. "An Exploration of Environmental Practices in the Hospitality Industry. Evidence from Hotels in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.2(50).05.
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Hotels create unforeseen damages to the environment by depleting natural resources and driving out wastes. Studies have rarely been conducted to investigate the nexus between hotels and the environment in Ethiopia. This study aims to explore environmental practices among Addis Ababa hotels. The quantitative research design was applied to the study. The data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics. The totels' environmental practice indicators were examined under the themes of water-saving, energy-saving, green purchase, and waste management. Within these themes, the installation of energy-efficient bulbs, installation of a key card for light; using energy-efficient appliances; regular maintenances of water and electric facilities; the installing of dual toilet and other low flow water technologies; placing of dustbins; sorting and disposing of solid wastes, and buying of local products were implemented to a certain extent. The study implicates the requirement of intervention to make hotel operation environmentally sustainable.
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Regasa, Motuma Shiferaw, Michael Nones, and Dereje Adeba. "A Review on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Ethiopian Basins." Land 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060585.
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Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes analysis is one of the most useful methodologies to understand how the land was used in the past years, what types of detections are to be expected in the future, as well as the driving forces and processes behind these changes. In Ethiopia, Africa, the rapid variations of LULC observed in the last decades are mainly due to population pressure, resettlement programs, climate change, and other human- and nature-induced driving forces. Anthropogenic activities are the most significant factors adversely changing the natural status of the landscape and resources, which exerts unfavourable and adverse impacts on the environment and livelihood. The main goal of the present work is to review previous studies, discussing the spatiotemporal LULC changes in Ethiopian basins, to find out common points and gaps that exist in the current literature, to be eventually addressed in the future. A total of 25 articles, published from 2011 to 2020, were selected and reviewed, focusing on LULC classification using ArcGIS and ERDAS imagine software by unsupervised and maximum likelihood supervised classification methods. Key informant interview, focal group discussions, and collection of ground truth information using ground positioning systems for data validation were the major approaches applied in most of the studies. All the analysed research showed that, during the last decades, Ethiopian lands changed from natural to agricultural land use, waterbody, commercial farmland, and built-up/settlement. Some parts of forest land, grazing land, swamp/wetland, shrubland, rangeland, and bare/ rock out cropland cover class changed to other LULC class types, mainly as a consequence of the increasing anthropogenic pressure. In summary, these articles confirmed that LULC changes are a direct result of both natural and human influences, with anthropogenic pressure due to globalisation as the main driver. However, most of the studies provided details of LULC for the past decades within a specific spatial location, while they did not address the challenge of forecasting future LULC changes at the watershed scale, therefore reducing the opportunity to develop adequate basin-wide management strategies for the next years.
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Dibaba, Wakjira Takala, Tamene Adugna Demissie, and Konrad Miegel. "Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment." Land 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060650.
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Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha−1 yr−1 with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha−1 yr−1. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha−1 yr−1. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha−1yr−1) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.
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Tesfahunegn, Gebreyesus Brhane, Lulseged Tamene, and Paul L. G. Vlek. "Soil Erosion Prediction Using Morgan-Morgan-Finney Model in a GIS Environment in Northern Ethiopia Catchment." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/468751.
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Even though scientific information on spatial distribution of hydrophysical parameters is critical for understanding erosion processes and designing suitable technologies, little is known in Geographical Information System (GIS) application in developing spatial hydrophysical data inputs and their application in Morgan-Morgan-Finney (MMF) erosion model. This study was aimed to derive spatial distribution of hydrophysical parameters and apply them in the Morgan-Morgan-Finney (MMF) model for estimating soil erosion in the Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. Major data input for the model include climate, topography, land use, and soil data. This study demonstrated using MMF model that the rate of soil detachment varied from <20 t ha−1y−1to >170 t ha−1y−1, whereas the soil transport capacity of overland flow (TC) ranged from 5 t ha−1y−1to >42 t ha−1y−1. The average soil loss estimated by TC using MMF model at catchment level was 26 t ha−1y−1. In most parts of the catchment (>80%), the model predicted soil loss rates higher than the maximum tolerable rate (18 t ha−1y−1) estimated for Ethiopia. Hence, introducing appropriate interventions based on the erosion severity predicted by MMF model in the catchment is crucial for sustainable natural resources management.
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Ogolla, Bondi D. "Water Pollution Control in Africa: A Comparative Legal Survey." Journal of African Law 33, no. 2 (1989): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008093.
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A country's water resources are important not only for the continued well-being of its population but also because water is a critical element in its economic development. Water is vital for human, animal and plant life. Life cannot exist without it. Most domestic needs in developing countries are satisfied through direct access to natural sources. The World Health Organisation in 1976 estimated that only 38 per cent of the total population in developing countries had access to safe water supplies. This means that 62 per cent of the population resorted to lakes, rivers, streams and wells for domestic requirements. Many industries abstract water from rivers and lakes for their industrial processes and often return it to those sources as trade effluents. Water is a critical factor in agricultural production. In turn agricultural activities create by-products such as sediment loads and chemical residues with adverse impact on water quality.It is obvious therefore that a country must ensure that its water resources are rationally utilised and managed. Such utilisation and management entails the creation of normative and institutional structures, first, to regulate the allocation of an often scarce resource to competing legitimate demands and, secondly, to anticipate, prevent and control the adverse consequences of resources utilisation. This article examines the nature of the legal mechanisms instituted by selected African countries, viz. Zambia, Ethiopia, Ghana, Sudan and Kenya, for the control and prevention of water pollution. The objective is two-fold: first, to determine the adequacy of existing legal regimes and, secondly, to suggest how deficiencies in existing frameworks may be rectified.
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Bufebo, Belayneh, and Eyasu Elias. "Land Use/Land Cover Change and Its Driving Forces in Shenkolla Watershed, South Central Ethiopia." Scientific World Journal 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9470918.
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Land use change is one of the challenges that aggravate environmental problems. Understanding the scope of land use change, driving forces, and consequences is very crucial for proper management of land resources. We investigated land use/land cover changes using remote sensing data (for the years 1973, 1995, and 2017), and field observation, household survey, key informant interview, and focus group discussion were used to determine the drivers and consequences of land use/land cover changes in Shenkolla watershed, south central Ethiopia. Unsupervised and supervised classification techniques were employed to get thematic information from satellite imagery. ArcGIS 10.3 and QGIS v 3.0 softwares were used to accomplish the analysis. The results disclosed that Shenkolla watershed has changed significantly during the past 4 decades between 1973 and 2017. This observed change indicates a reduction in forest land and an increase in agricultural land. Forest land was reduced from 29.51% in 1973 to 20.52% in 2017, but agricultural land was expanded from 70.49% in 1973 to 79.48% in 2017. Agricultural expansion, policy change and social unrest, population pressure, shortage of farm land, and biophysical factors were major driving forces of the LU/LC changes. Environmental implications such as climate change, biodiversity loss, scarcity of basic forest products, habitat alteration, decline in quality and availability of water, and crop yield reduction are the consequences of the LU/LC change. The expansion of agricultural land at the expense of forest cover in Shenkolla watershed has negative implications on the natural resources and the livelihood of local people. Hence, appropriate measures need to be employed to reduce the dramatic change in land use and to harmonize environmental conservation with human livelihood.
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Damtea, Wubeshet, Dongyeob Kim, and Sangjun Im. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Cover Changes in the Chemoga Basin, Ethiopia, Using Landsat and Google Earth Images." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 3607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093607.
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Land cover change is a major environmental concern in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. This study detected land cover transitions over the past 30 years in the Chemoga basin (total area = 118,359 ha). Land cover maps were generated via the supervised classification of Landsat images with the help of the Google Earth (GE) images. A total of 218 unchanged land features sampled from GE images were used as the training datasets. Classification accuracy was evaluated by comparing classified images with 165 field observations during the 2017 field visit. The overall accuracy was 85.4% and the kappa statistic was 0.81, implying that the land classification was satisfactory. Agricultural land is the dominant land cover in the study basin, and increased in extent by 2,337 ha from 1987 to 2017. The second and third most dominant land cover types, grassland and woodland, decreased by 1.9% and 3.6%, respectively, over the past 30 years. The increase in agricultural lands was mostly due to the conversion of grasslands and woodlands, although some agricultural lands changed to Eucalyptus plantations and human settlements. The results revealed that the expansion of built-up space and agricultural lands was the major driver of fragmentation of the landscape, and degradation of natural resources in the Chemoga basin, Ethiopia.
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DESCHEEMAEKER, KATRIEN, TILAHUN AMEDE, AMARE HAILESLASSIE, and DEBORAH BOSSIO. "ANALYSIS OF GAPS AND POSSIBLE INTERVENTIONS FOR IMPROVING WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN CROP LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS OF ETHIOPIA." Experimental Agriculture 47, S1 (January 2011): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479710000797.
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SUMMARYLow crop and livestock productivities in the mixed farming systems of Ethiopia hamper efforts to meet the increasing food demands from a stressed natural resource base. Important reasons for the low agricultural productivity are water scarcity and poor spatial and temporal rainfall distribution. Although improving agricultural water productivity would safeguard people's livelihoods and the environment, the lack of information on best bet interventions and strategies to achieve this impedes targeted decision making. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct an ex-ante evaluation of the potential effect of selected interventions on livestock water productivity (LWP) in mixed crop-livestock systems. Baseline data were collected from a water scarce area in the Ethiopian highlands. An analysis of productivity gaps and stakeholder interviews helped to identify promising interventions, which were categorized in three groups related to feed, water and animal management. A spreadsheet model was developed that was composed of the various production components of the farming system, their interactions and influencing factors. By linking water use for feed production with livestock products through the energy supplied by the feeds, the potential effect of interventions on LWP could be simulated. The evaluation showed that the various interventions targeting feed, water and animal management could result in LWP improvements ranging from 4 to 94%. Feed and energy water productivity increased particularly with interventions like fertilizer application, and the introduction of fodder trees, concentrates, improved food-feed crops, and soil and water conservation measures. Combining the different interventions led to a stronger improvement than any of the single interventions. The results of the evaluation can inform policy-makers and development actors on which best bets to promote and invest in.
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Beyene, Taye, Mekonnen Woldatsadik, and Girma Chalchissa. "Demonstration of Transitional Locally Made Beehive Around Protected Areas in Central Rift Valley of Oromia, Ethiopia." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 3, no. 4 (October 22, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v3i4.495.
Full textAbstract:
The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha and Arsi Negele districts of Oromia regional state of Ethiopia with the objective of enhancing the production and productivity of beekeeping in the area through demonstration of transitional locally made beehive around protected areas. Beekeepers around protected areas were purposively selected based on their interest in beekeeping, experience in traditional beekeeping, proximity of residence to protected areas and non-addressed areas with technology dissemination activity and two farmers research groups (FRG) consisting a total of 20 members were established to conduct the demonstration of beekeeping technology. Theoretical and practical training sessions about seasonal bee management practices, intermediate beekeeping construction, implementation and honey harvesting techniques integrated to natural resources rehabilitation was given to a total of 50 beekeepers,4 district honey experts and 6 development agents. After training, twenty four transitional locally made beehives were constructed and honeybee colonies were transferred and inspected regularly undertaken to follow up the progress of the bee colonies in partnership with FRG members, experts and development agents. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, systematically analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statics such as percentage, mean and presented in table. Accordingly, an average of 15.4kg and 12.1kg of honey was harvested per harvesting season from transitional beehive at Adami Tulu and Arsi Negele, respectively. Therefore integration of intermediate beekeeping technology with protected areas can enhance the income of household and encourages planting of bee forages which directly contributes for sustainable forest managements. Thus government and other stakeholders at all levels should provide technical services for beekeeping to align improved beekeeping to protected areas and all best practices should be scaled up so that honey production is increased and sustained.