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Adangor, Zacchaeus. "Federalism in Nigeria and the struggle for resource control in the Niger Delta Region : an agenda for constitutional reform." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=202071.
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This thesis proposes a new constitutional framework for ownership and control of natural resources in the federation of Nigeria. It identifies exclusive federal ownership of natural resources as a tool of ethnic domination by Nigeria’s three dominant ethnic groups of Hausa/Fulani, Yoruba and Igbo against the oil-producing minorities of the Niger Delta region. It is argued that the inextricable link between federal ownership of natural resources and the economic and political interests of the major ethnic groups denotes that the current system of natural resource ownership has become a divisive and destabilizing feature of Nigerian federalism. Considering that Nigerian multi-ethnic federalism is designed primarily to prevent the domination of one ethnic group by another and also encourage each constituent unit of the federation to develop at its own pace, it is arguable that exclusive federal ownership of natural resources negates these underlying principles of Nigerian federalism by entrenching the domination of the Niger delta oil-producing minorities and depriving the oil-producing states of the right to develop at their own pace. These circumstances have triggered waves of ethnic nationalism and armed insurgency in the Niger delta region with grave implications for national stability. The thesis argues therefore that only a new system of natural resource ownership which recognizes both national and regional interests in natural resource ownership and development can conduce to peace in the troubled Niger delta region of the federation. It proposes constitutional devolution of ownership rights over onshore natural resources from the federal government to the constituent units of the federation under an arrangement whereby the federal government retains its legislative and regulatory powers. It is argued that this framework, among other benefits, will preserve the underlying principles of Nigerian federalism and halt the drift toward instability in Nigeria’s Niger delta region.
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Bakar, Ismail H. "Fiscal federalism : the study of federal-state fiscal relations in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5603.
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The subject of fiscal federalism has been associated for many years with economics, in particular with the study of public finance. However, its political dimension is often neglected. This is the case in the conventional study of fiscal federalism in Malaysia, which focuses on the economic perspective. The aim of this thesis is to examine the design, implementation and problem of fiscal federalism in Malaysia as a political process in promoting national integration and the unity of the federation. This research is based on an intrinsic case study approach as the subject of fiscal federalism attracts strong public interest, which requires an in-depth study of the case. In doing this research, a combination of narrative report, statistical analysis and interview has been used. One of the significant findings of this research is that the design of fiscal federalism in Malaysia is essentially based not on the federal spirit, but on the strong central government theme imposed by the colonial authority concomitant to the historical and political background to the formation of the federation. As a result, today, fiscal federalism displays a federal bias and mounting centripetal forces, even to the extent of coercion on the states, making the federal government grow bigger and more dominant, financially and politically. Thus, the working of fiscal federalism depends not on what is enshrined in the Constitution and federal spirit but on centre-state political interactions. If states' politics are not affiliated with the ruling political party that control the federal government, federal-state fiscal relations will be strained. The effects are felt in petroleum royalties payments, disbursement of grants, borrowing and other form of fiscal 'sanction' imposed by federal executive supremacy. On the other hand, if the states are ruled by the same political party, they become financially complacent. To all intents and purposes, the exclusive control of revenue sources by the centre has enabled the federal government to prevent most states from falling to the opposition party, thus ensuring a majority in parliament. The outcome is that the states are subordinated and subservient to the centre and hence the futures of the states are subject to the federal government's 'unilateral action'. In the long run, Malaysia is moving towards becoming a unitary state. This is the antithesis of the federal spirit, and thus becomes a threat to the federation. Therefore, fiscal federalism is a crucial acid test of the viability of any federation. Fortunately, thus far, Malaysian federalism had passed the test, though the states find more pain than gain. In the final analysis, this thesis suggests that structural reform of the federal-states' financial arrangements should be undertaken in order to strengthen the states' finances and subsequently reduce the states' dependence on the largesse of the federal government for funds.
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Al-Mansoori, Mohammed Abdulla Jakkah. "Government low-cost housing provision in the United Arab Emirates : the example of the Federal Government low-cost housing programme." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/438.
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The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was for a long time one of the poorest countries in the world. By the 1960s, the discovery of oil had totally transformed the economic and social patterns of the country. Oil revenue has given the country one of the highest incomes per capita in the world. With such huge oil wealth, the government has adopted different welfare programmes aimed to improve the living conditions of UAE citizens. The low-cost housing programme is one of these welfare programmes whereby the government finances building finished housing units and allocated them free for those in need. Between 1973 and 1992, the standard of the low-cost house has changed dramatically. The built-up area has increased four times while the construction cost has multiplied by 10. The cost of a typical low-cost house in 1994 was Dh 450,900 ($121,800). This research aims to study the implications of the free low-cost housing programme on the housing conditions of the low-cost housing occupants and those would-be occupants. It aims also to examine whether the free low-cost housing programme meets with what the target group want the government to provide. The free low-cost housing programme has many drawbacks. The free low-cost housing provision, particularly the improved low-cost housing, has resulted in high demand relative to supply, enabling only the few to access housing services. Moreover, it has provided large improvements for those who are actually in no need of government support and those who only require partial support. It has also resulted in a waste of resources of both the allocatees and government, causing deterioration of the low-cost housing stock and part of the existing housing stock, and providing no sustainable source of funds. The free low-cost housing programme does not match the housing preference of the target group. Housing provision based on the target group's housing preferences would result in providing more support for a greater number of citizens, changing their role from being passive recipients to active participants and the government's role from being one of control over all housing processes to that of being one actor among many, providing a sustainable source of funds and encouraging people to improve their own housing resources. However, housing provision following the target group's housing preferences may not gain official support.
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Cottam, S. Barry. "Federal/provincial disputes, natural resources and the Treaty no. 3 Ojibway, 1867-1924." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10060.
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This dissertation argues that the Ontario-Manitoba Boundary Dispute (1870-1889) and its aftermath limited the ability of the Ojibway of northwestern Ontario to maintain and develop their interests in the lands and resources to which they were entitled by the terms of Treaty #3, signed in 1873. In particular, their rights to the mineral and timber resources on their reserves were threatened. Furthermore, once the Boundary Dispute was resolved in favour of Ontario, their reserve lands were found to be in the province, which therefore gained the right to confirm the reserves. Continuing disputes between the province and the Dominion resulting from this retroactive decision delayed this confirmation until 1915. Once the reserves were confirmed, however, the nature of the Indian interest in them prior to 1915 was questioned by the province. In this and other ways, the fiduciary responsibilities of the federal government toward the Ojibway were encroached upon by the province of Ontario. The governments and individuals involved in the lawsuits generated by the Boundary Dispute overlooked the fate of an increasingly marginalized and politically inconsequential group in the pursuit of their own agendas and interests. The courts squeezed the concepts of Aboriginal title to the land and its resources into narrow nineteenth century perceptions that still limit the rights of First Nations peoples. Placing these cases, in particular the "Indian Titles" case, R. v. St. Catharines Milling & Lumber Co., and its 'corollary', Ontario Mining Company v. Seybold et al., into their historical context contributes to understanding the complex problems still faced by the Ojibway of Treaty #3. The dissertation concludes with an exploration of the continuing attempts made by the Ojibway to assert their rights in light of these events.
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Vogt, Kelli. "Geographic Information Systems at the Ohio Department of Natural Resources." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1187122828.
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Huang, Shaoli. "Geographic Information Systems (GSI) for natural resources planning and management at local government level /." This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01262010-020029/.
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Hanlon, Jeffrey Wyatt. "Maintaining Robust Resource Governance: Mechanisms of Formal Institutional Change in a Federal Bargain." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577203.
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Watershed governance is an increasingly important policy area in the United States. Understanding what design elements of institutional arrangements tend to improve the outcomes of such governance is a major theoretical challenge. When governments cooperate at the regional level to govern shared use of watersheds that cross jurisdictional boundaries, how they do so is variable. This dissertation examines an apparently successful case of watershed governance, the New York City watershed governance arrangement, to understand to what degree it is integrative and reflective of broader federal structures and processes of governance. The results support the proposition that robust regional natural resource governance in a federal bargain includes mechanisms of correcting opportunistic behaviors, responding to natural phenomena, and institutional adaptation in the face of both.
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Olson, Jennifer Ann. "Local government perspectives on the integration of natural resource information in land use planning and zoning a Michigan case study /." [East Lansing, Mich.] : Michigan Natural Features Inventory, 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/517891941/viewonline.
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Nyende, Juma. "Natural resources management in the Lake Victoria region of East Africa : a study in multi-level government." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15522/.
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This thesis explores the strengthening of multi-level government in the management of the Lake Victoria region’s environment and natural resources. It observes that the historic problem of state-centralism continues to significantly contribute to environmental degradation in the Lake region, which has of late escalated to a level that requires urgent attention, if the already devastating consequences are to be mitigated and avoided in the future. It is particularly observed that while the issues of insufficient local participation and regional coordination standout prominently among the major underlying causes for resource degradation in the Region, the concept of multi-level government has not been given the attention that it deserves. Owing to its local importance and trans-boundary status, the Lake region requires concerted management involving the local, national and regional levels. Unfortunately, the synergy among those levels of government is still weak despite the tremendous opportunities offered by several recent developments, including a significant review of local government and various environmental laws. Also, despite its potential and achievements so far, the recently revived East African Community (EAC), whose mandate includes natural resources management, is yet to position itself as an effective supra-national institution. Much as the current legal and institutional frameworks tend to suggest an increasing level of engagement with other levels of government, this development tends to be drawn back by several inhibitions, both in design and at a practical level. The thesis concludes that unless, the institutional structures for natural resources management are reviewed and strengthened in a manner that logically distributes powers and functions at the local, national and regional levels, the other positive measures so far in place are likely not to achieve their desired outcomes.
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Olberding, Elizabeth Claire. "REDD+ and Costa Rica, another form of colonialism and commodification of natural resources? An indigenous perspective." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83931.
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The primary objective of the international initiative, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), is to conserve carbon by protecting forests and/or planting trees. The World Bank's Forest Partnership Carbon Facility (FPCF) introduced the REDD+ program to Costa Rica in 2008 and consultation with key stakeholders has been ongoing since. The major participants involved in the program include small landowners, representatives of the timber industry, and indigenous nations. Notwithstanding some native groups' opposition to and misunderstanding of the REDD+ program, the Costa Rican government signed an agreement with the World Bank (WB) in 2013 guaranteeing the sale of up to $63 million in carbon credits through the REDD+ program (World Bank, 2013). The government of Costa Rica has plans to continue implementing the initiative, despite the intense opposition of a number of Bribris, an indigenous group located in Talamanca in the eastern portion of the country near the border with Panama. The Bribri are also the largest native population in Costa Rica. This inquiry samples indigenous peoples' perspectives, specifically the Bribris from Talamanca and the Ngäbes from Abrojos Montezuma, concerning key elements of the REDD+ program to understand more fully why they perceive the program the way they do. The principal findings of this study concerning those views include the following: the government has violated indigenous people's rights throughout the REDD+ implementation process, many interview respondents remarked that they lacked information about REDD+, feared privatization of their land, and were opposed to the initiative's commodification of natural resources. These results illuminate key policy and implementation concerns that could inform government and World Bank policy, while also providing study participants an opportunity to exercise individual agency concerning the topic. This research contributes to the growing body of literature about REDD+ by providing the first-hand perceptions of members of Costa Rican indigenous communities of the initiative and their stated reasons for those views.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Murphy, Kevin G. "Guiding decision making on limited resources in the Canadian health care system: A bioethical critique of a federal government influence." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10150.
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Hoover, Katherine N. "Public Involvement in the U.S. Forest Service." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27634.
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This dissertation examines how the U.S. Forest Service implements and uses public involvement during the agencyâ s planning processes as mandated by the National Environmental Policy Act. Focused from the perspective of the agency personnel leading the process, this study is informed by both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Chapters two and three report the results of a web-based survey completed by 489 Forest Service employees. Chapter two shows that these employees most commonly view public involvement as a means for obtaining substantive information that could be used to improve the management decision. Chapter two also reveals that agency personnel who view public involvement as only a procedural requirement tend to achieve less positive process outcomes, but those who explicitly create opportunities for interactive dialogue with the public tend to achieve more positive outcomes, including more positive perceptions of the public involvement process and agency-public relationships. Chapter three shows that agency employees commonly believe more public influence should and does happen during the earlier stages of the planning process, but that agency employees also desire more public influence throughout the process. Chapter four uses qualitative interviews with 16 of the survey respondents to build upon the insights from chapter three. By exploring what may be constraining public influence from occurring at the desired levels, chapter four describes how agency personnel can impact how much public influence happens. The final chapter highlights the importance of looking beyond the specific public involvement technique employed during the process to the nature of the agency-public interactions. Agency personnel who are willing to engage in extra effort to translate public values into substantive management concerns generally achieve more desirable forms of public influence. They also help satisfy the publicâ s desires to communicate their visions for the management of the National Forests. Key barriers include heavy workloads, negative views of the public, and over-reliance on minimum procedural requirements. Conversely, strong normative beliefs about the positive role of the public in agency planning, leadership commitment, and a recognition of the discretion afforded planning personnel can lead to higher levels of desired public influence.Ph. D.
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Bradley, Rosemarie Ann. "Evaluating U.S. Federal Marine Protected Areas Programs: A Comparative Analysis and Conceptual Framework." [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2008. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1241705173.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Antioch University New England, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (August 7, 2009). "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies at Antioch University New England (2008)."--The title page. Advisor: James Jordan, Ph. D. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-204).
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Sorg, Jonathan Earl. "FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT: AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES' FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT PROGRAM." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1133361272.
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Thesis (M. En.)--Miami University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 169, [1] p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36).
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Thellbro, Camilla. "Local natural resource dependency in a Swedish boreal municipality context /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management and Geomatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10158700.pdf.
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Alawadhi, Salah A. "The role of institutional systems and government policy in securing inward foreign direct investment in Kuwait : the impact of institutional and government policy systems on the inward foreign direct investment decision in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6294.
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Promoting economic diversity is important for states reliant on natural resources as the major source of economic development. Many of these states suffer from the Dutch disease leading to negative effects, which hinders economic diversification. One of the ways to reduce dependency on national resources is to encourage Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, which aids diversification by the transfer of technology, the creation of new employment opportunities, and the adoption of modern management practices. The Gulf Council Cooperation (GCC) countries recognised the necessity and benefits of FDI as an aid to economic diversification; it seems, however, that Kuwait is lagging behind in this endeavour. The government of Kuwait has engaged in a series of policy measures to induce Multinational Companies (MNCs) to invest in Kuwait, but the results, thus far, have been disappointing. The formal and informal institutions interact in a variety of ways. However, ineffective formal rules can create different outcomes; particularly, in the presence of strong informal institutions. In such a case, formal rules and procedures are not enforced systematically, that is, enabling actors who are involved in the policy process to ignore or violate them, which subsequently results in a failure to attract inward FDI to a host country. Thus, this study investigates the reasons behind this failure by examining the role of formal and informal institutions on FDI policy and on decisions on whether to grant FDI licences by means of using a New Institutional Economics (NIE) approach. The conceptual framework is used as a guide for an inquiry into the subject of study by constructing a category of intellectual scaffolding, which would provide a coherent structure (Schlager, 2007). The conceptual framework in this study systematically organises the investigation into how a MNC examines a potential investment location by dividing the host country assessments into four distinct 'stages'. When systematically conducted, the respective approach is grounded in the existing literature, which provides theories regarding the behaviour of MNCs in relation to their decision-making processes for considering locations for their FDI projects. The research questions derived from the conceptual framework are answered using a mixed methods research approach that uses three sets of data survey, semi-structured interviews, and secondary data. Firstly, the findings show that almost that all MNCs in the Gulf region have a limited awareness regarding investment opportunities in Kuwait, FDI laws and regulations. Secondly, the findings reveal a number of attractive and unattractive locations, and institutional factors of Kuwait. Finally, it is discovered that the high rejection rate of FDI applications is linked to unsuccessful policy implementation, which is a result of interaction of both formal and informal institutions in Kuwait. Subsequently, the results are utilised to make a number of recommendations for government policy makers, administrators, and for MNCs regarding how to improve FDI inflows into Kuwait. The results are also used to contribute towards the international business literature concerning the institution based view of FDI, and for government policy connected to attracting FDI.
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Zimmerman, Austin. "Sustainability-Efficiency Paradox: The Efficacy of State Energy Plans in Building a More Sustainable Energy Future." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/88.
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State energy plans are created at the request of a sitting governor or State Legislature in order to provide guidance set goals for the state’s energy sector. These plans will be critical indicators of energy trends such as the future market share of coal, natural gas, and renewables. If the future of energy in the United States is to be remotely sustainable, low-carbon policies must headline state plans. The strength of a state’s energy plan in terms of sustainability is directly related to that state’s willingness to prioritize and commit to incorporating energy sources that produce negligible carbon emissions. Questions about the role of efficiency can be answered by the political need for short-run payoffs that do not necessarily align with the long-term goals of sustainability (Kern & Smith, 2008). The nature of the American political system is that representatives want to be able to bring immediate results to their constituents, results that are usually shown in the short-run by efficiency programs. While the state energy plans in question (California, Arizona, Pennsylvania, Iowa, South Carolina, and Virginia) engage with sustainability at varying levels of strength, they deal mostly in weak sustainability by failing to commit to renewables. Historical reliance on energy efficiency and its accompanying theories of growth has created a climate in which state energy plans do not generally realize their enormous potential to lead the national transition away from fossil fuels.
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Woodard, Colleen A. "Merit in Principle, Merit in Practice: An Investigation into Merit-based Human Resources Management Through the Lens of Title 5-exempt Federal Organizations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26893.
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This dissertation research investigates whether merit-based principles and practices are embedded into the HRM systems of 19 Title 5-exempt federal organizations. Title 5-exempt organizations, such as government corporations, serve as a vehicle for exploring the question of what constitutes merit in more loosely regulated public environments. This research fills a void in the discussion about how we can sustain a merit foundation in deregulated and decentralized federal human resources systems. It also captures previously uncollected information about HRM in some organizations that operate fully or partially outside the general government management laws.
While the research focus is specific to certain organizations, the context is the broader issue of merit in modern government. A recognition that alternative merit-based HRM systems exist under the federal umbrella without the constraints of Title 5 is important to the overall question of what constitutes merit in federal HRM and whether merit practices must be centrally determined and controlled. The larger goal is that of offering an alternative perspective for embedding the democratic values that merit represents in a more flexible, responsive, and business-like government.
The dissertation is divided into three sections that include building a generic model of merit-based HRM to identify the intrinsic components of such public HRM systems, collecting HRM data from 19 organizations through multiple case methodology, and analyzing and comparing the findings to the merit model. The discussion covers six themes emerging from the research, including the institutionalization and legalization of HRM, the impact of collective bargaining on merit, and the limited formal oversight and accountability of HRM in the studied organizations. The findings suggest that even in less regulated political environments, merit-based systems do survive and serve the changing needs of the organization. The key recommendation proposes offering the traditional federal agencies the option to develop and defend their own merit-based HRM systems under a broad public policy and accountability framework. The growth of standard HRM policies and practices in all large organizations and the increased protections in the HRM systems stemming from civil rights and employment law as well as collective bargaining offer protections similar to those merit was originally intended to provide.Ph. D.
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Bradley, Dorotha Myers. "A policy approach to federalism cases of public lands and water policy /." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1986_347_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Sandström, Emil. "Reinventing the commons : exploring the emergence of local natural resource management arrangements /." Uppsala : Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200848.pdf.
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Wang, Jianping. "The formation and transformation of local institutions within a community-based natural resources management framework in the context of transition : comparative case studies in Northern Thailand and Yunnan, China." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1226/.
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Based on comparative case studies drawn from rural communities in both northern Thailand and southern Yunnan, China, this study associates institutional transformation during the transition period with reformed resource management practices at the local level. Evidence from this study shows that accountable, adaptive and inclusive local institutions equipped with good social capital, clear property rights and strong enforcement, have great potential in establishing locally-adopted resource governance mechanisms. With an ambiguous definition of property rights and weak local institutional capability to claim and practise these rights, the local actors in the rural Chinese communities were hardly able to negotiate with other stakeholders and involve themselves in market-oriented NRM practices as significant players. In Thailand, although local institutions enjoyed a better degree of autonomy and more negotiation power in terms of locally-based NRM practices, customary tenure without official legal protection undermined the local actor’s ability to better benefit from the extension of the market economy and globalization. In both of the two countries, the extension of individualism and opportunism brought forth by market-oriented values and privatization policies threatened the functioning of the local institutions. Rekindling local institutions and integrating with formal decentralized institutional innovations in order to build up a pluralist institutional framework, were critical
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Wong, Wai-han Mimi, and 黃惠嫻. "The values of recycling, resources and risk management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254147.
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Amatya, Pradyumna. "Institutional change and intervention outcome: comparing assistance schemes for farmer managedirrigation systems in Nepal." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/b29987337.
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Miller, Elizabeth. "Subjective Efficiencies: Water Use, Management and Governance in the North Platte Natural Resources District." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248409/.
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The North Platte Natural Resources District (NPNRD) is one of 23 quasi-governmental organizations in the state of Nebraska that are organized by river basin and are responsible for the management of groundwater. Conversely, the state's surface water is governed by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources under the system of prior appropriation. This study uses Foucauldian neoliberal governmentality and a contrasting theory of 'meandering' to explore the conflicting beliefs, perceptions and values that form the foundations of different notions of 'efficiency' as it pertains to water use and management in NPNRD while a political ecology lens is used to situate local perceptions within the regional context of the Platte River Basin. Study findings ultimately point to the remaining 'disintegration' of water governance despite the state's efforts to create legislation that seeks to merge ground and surface water management in practice.
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Caldeira, Dany Roberta Marques. "O Desenvolvimento agr?cola sustent?vel como pr?tica educacional no Instituto Federal de Rond?nia ? Campus Colorado do Oeste." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1661.
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The aim was to allow students greater knowledge of alternative sustainable practices that promote integration of agricultural and environmental learning, and it is hoped that the theme Sustainable Development to be used not only in a theoretical way, but especially practical for those students who will work directly with natural resources, when they entered the labor market. The subjects studied were high school students of the Technical Course in Agriculture at the Federal Institute of Rond?nia, Western Colorado campus. For the development of the research project were implemented research strategies such as literature review, installation of experiments, questionnaires and study the pedagogical course. The questionnaires were administered to 35 students in 3rd year high school course in Farming Technician to ascertain which understanding of ourselves in relation to alternative practices that promote sustainable agricultural development. After the questionnaires was made to tabulate these data, where it was found that 46% of students believe that Sustainable Development is development that does not harm the environment, 33% do not know or remember what it's about the subject, 9% believe it is the reuse of waste and 12% think it refers to subsistence farming. After the experience of students in the same experiments had greater assimilation in relation to the design of Sustainable Agricultural Development, relating it no more no environmental damage, but the reduction of environmental impacts, improved quality of life and income generation.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria Integrado ao Ensino M?dio, quanto ao desenvolvimento agr?cola sustent?vel. A partir desta caracteriza??o buscou-se trazer o Desenvolvimento Agr?cola Sustent?vel como pr?tica educacional a fim de se propiciar maior conhecimento de pr?ticas alternativas sustent?veis, que promovam a integra??o do aprendizado agropecu?rio-ambiental Os sujeitos estudados foram os alunos do ensino m?dio do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria do Instituto Federal de Rond?nia, campus Colorado do Oeste. Para o desenvolvimento do projeto de pesquisa foram implementadas estrat?gias de investiga??o como a revis?o de literatura, instala??o de experimentos, aplica??o de question?rios e estudo do projeto pedag?gico do curso. Os question?rios foram aplicados a 35 alunos do 3? ano do ensino m?dio do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria a fim de conhecer qual a compreens?o dos mesmos em rela??o ?s pr?ticas alternativas que promovam o desenvolvimento agropecu?rio sustent?vel. Ap?s a aplica??o dos question?rios foi realizada a tabula??o destes dados, onde percebeu-se que 46% dos alunos consideram que o Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel ? o desenvolvimento que n?o agride o ambiente, 33% n?o sabem ou n?o se lembram do que se trata o tema, 9% acreditam que ? o reaproveitamento dos res?duos e 12% pensam que se refere a agricultura de subsist?ncia. Ap?s a viv?ncia dos alunos nos experimentos os mesmos tiveram uma maior assimila??o em rela??o ? concep??o do Desenvolvimento Agropecu?rio Sustent?vel, relacionando-o n?o mais a n?o agress?o ambiental, mas sim a redu??o de impactos ambientais, melhoria da qualidade de vida e gera??o de renda
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Da, Conceicao Ana Maria Romao Wamir. "Government environmental education programmes and campaigns (EEPCs) in Mozambique : the role of indigenous knowledge and practices." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28346.
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Faced with dynamic and rapidly deteriorating environmental conditions, the government of Mozambique has embarked on environmental education programmes and campaigns (EEPCs) as a strategy for natural resource management and environmental conservation. However, there is increasing evidence to suggest that the implementation of these EEPCs in local communities are often lacking when it comes to community participation and contribution. The latter has often been cited as a major reason for the limited success of such EEPCs. To date there is little research work that explores the issues on the integration of local community Knowledge and practices, and community reactions to such environmental education programmes and campaigns anywhere in the world. Mozambique, a developing country in Africa, is no exception to this trend of ignorance. This research investigated the extent to which local knowledge and practices are integrated into The EEPCs that are implemented by the government of Mozambique. The focus was on the local community’s perceptions, engagements and reactions to the EEPCs. The study was conducted in four districts of the Nampula province in Northern Mozambique. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, documentary analysis and non-participant observations. The findings of the study showed that there is a lack of substantial involvement by the local community in all stages of the development process of the EEPCs. Furthermore, the study found evidence of partial and /or unsuccessful implementation of the projects in all four communities studied. The research concluded by arguing that without such active involvement of the local people in planning, designing, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and decision-making processes of EEPCs, the frustrations of government officials and the lack of substantial implementation of the projects in the communities that were studied should not have come as a surprise.Dissertation (MEd (Curriculum and Instructional Design and Development))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Curriculum Studies
MEd
unrestricted
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Emadi, Mohammad H., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Pastoralists, participation and policy : an action oriented, systemic and participatory approach to improve the relationships between pastoralist nomads, government and natural resources in Iran." THESIS_FAH_ARD_Emadi_M.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/301.
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The study focuses on the relationships between nomads, the government and the natural resource base of Iran as a problematical situation. The research approach adopted was action-oriented with an emphasis on the process of development through the integration of theory with practice in a critical learning system designed to improve the situation and emphasising the significance of systemic thinking and acting.The underlying rationale for the approach is that the relatively limited achievements in nomadic development and natural conservation to date stem from the fact that policies are: (a) based on a reductionist view point and analysis, which separates theory from practice, and neglects the diversity, complexity and recursiveness of the different dimensions of nomadic life; and (b) developed on the basis of government perceptions of the nature of the issues confronting nomads rather than on the basis of shared concerns with the nomads themselves. There were three phases of fieldwork which, when taken together, represent what might be termed a system of systemic research methodologies. The first phase of the fieldwork was an attempt to explore the problematic situation from the point of view of particular group of nomads and government agents. The second phase of research turned to an action-oriented approach to establish the process of conversation and mutual recognition and accommodation of change among ‘clients’ and the researcher as facilitator to help each group of participants (nomads and government) to understand their own position and worldviews, to help each group of participants to recognise and appreciate differences in their positions, perceptions, and to establish a framework for action and improving the situation within each group could benefit in a reciprocal manner. The third phase of research focused on the learning organisation as a strategy to improve relationships. The recursive nature of the research, both in terms of relationship between theory and practice and also its three phases, is reflected in the structure of the thesis.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Emadi, Mohammad H. "Pastoralists, participation and policy : an action oriented, systemic and participatory approach to improve the relationships between pastoralist nomads, government and natural resources in Iran /." View thesis View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030530.122653/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1995.PnD thesis, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1995. Bibliography : leaves 324-337.
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Wilkinson, Kevin James. "More effective federal procurement response to disasters maximizing the extraordinary flexibilities of IDIQ contracting /." View thesis, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA454285.
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Lundan, Vera. "Forced to develop? : A cross-sectional study on how coalition size, security costs and natural resource endowments correlate with education investments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339183.
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This paper aims to measure the relationship between systemic vulnerability and government development investments. Systemic vulnerability is a concept introduced by Doner et al. (2005), which suggests that broad coalitions, severe external threats and scarce resources will lead to developmental states. Developmental states have several definitions that can generally be divided into structural and ideological features. Structural features include aspects related to state capacity and bureaucratic robustness, while ideological features refer to a stated goal of development. However, the term “developmental state” is also used as a political buzzword, which has diluted the academic concept. Education investments are used as a proxy for development investments because of the long-term societal and economic benefits that education has in a society. The study combines theories of political behavior, state-building and rentier states for the argument that systemic vulnerability should be positively correlated with education investments. Analysis is based on data from 73 countries and it shows that only some components of systemic vulnerability are correlated with education investments. The weak relationship between scarce resources and education investment follows the expected trend, while the relationship between external threat and education investment is unexpectedly negative. The broad coalitions show no statistically significant correlation between coalition size and education investment. These findings make a contribution to the field of development studies by expanding the understanding of the impact that systemic vulnerability has on development, since there has not been a large-n test of the concept on development investments before.
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Payne, Raymond W. "Natural resource development and the role of the state : the case of hydroelectric power planning in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27508.
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This thesis explores the role played by the state at the provincial level in the planning of hydro-electric power development in British Columbia. The electric power industry has been a primary focus for government intervention in the economic affairs of most western industrialized countries. Not only has the structure and scope of the state's regulatory activity in the industry been more extensive than most others, but governments have often gone beyond such regulatory supervision to assume a more direct role in the production of the commodity itself.
In British Columbia, however, the direct entrepreneurial role played by successive provincial governments led to major planning failures. Serious social and environmental costs were ignored in development decisions, economically dubious projects were constructed, and the electric power system as a whole was seriously overbuilt.
This thesis argues that the problems associated with state-directed hydro-electric power development were institutional rather than technical in nature. Two types of institutional factors are shown to have played a key role. First, the scope of power planning has been limited by the role played by the provincial state in the broader political economy of British Columbia. This role has been basically non-interventionist in nature, with the exceptional interventions in economic affairs being associated with the removal of barriers to the private exploitation of the natural resource base. This broad economic role has conflicted with the state's central position as arbiter among opposing societal interests and has biased subsequent government planning activities toward facilitating the supply of electric power rather than evaluating the demand for it. Second, rigidities within the institutions employed by the state to undertake power planning activities inhibited the adaptation of these activities to a changing economic environment. Organized structures were created to implement particular power policy initiatives, and these organizations developed their own set of interests and priorities. Hence, a bias against the re-evaluation of previous policy and planning approaches was created, even in the face of clear evidence of their failings.
In Chapter 2, the conceptual and theoretical groundwork for the study is laid with an examination of four alternative approaches to the economic role of the state in western capitalist societies. The key questions explored are the rationale for state intervention, the choice of policy instruments employed, and the effectiveness of these instruments in undertaking
goal oriented planning.
In Chapter 3, the stage for the analysis of power policy is set with an overview of the economic context of electric power production in British Columbia. This chapter establishes the staple-based nature of the B.C. economy and analyses the changing role played by electric power in this economy.
Chapters 4 through 8 detail the historical evolution of power planning and policy in British Columbia. Chapter 4 documents the predominantly laissez-faire approach to power policy during the pre-World War II period and the gradual emergence of demands for a more active regulatory role by government.
Chapter 5 documents both the implementation of electric power regulation during the 1950s and the emerging policy preoccupation with underwriting the development of British Columbia's large-scale hydro resources. The chapter focuses on the links between this overall role, the creation of a dominant Crown corporation in the power industry, the decision to undertake an economically dubious sequence of hydro development, and the lack of attention given to environmental issues.
In Chapter 6, the focus is on the use of the Crown hydro corporation as an economic policy instrument during the 1960s. The preoccupation with initiating large-scale hydro developments shifted to a concern with producing power at the lowest possible direct cost to the consumer.
Chapters 7 and 8 focus on the shift from power policy to power planning. From the late 1960s through the 1970s, policy making at the provincial level was largely replaced by an institutionalized, formally rational decision making process dominated by technical experts. This shift, by creating a powerful set of established interests within the provincial power utility, gave added momentum to the expansionary power policies of the 1950s and '60s during a period when their underlying justification was being increasingly questioned. Finally, Chapter 8 concludes by examining the re-assertion of regulatory control by the provincial state over the now publicly-owned power industry.
The conclusion summarizes and interprets the evidence presented in Chapters 4 through 8 in light of the theoretical concepts introduced in Chapter 2. The central problem of state involvement in the electric power industry is shown to be the representativeness and adaptability of policy and planning institutions. A number of recommendations are made to overcome the deficiencies identified in the study.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Riggieri, Alison. "The impact of hybrid electric vehicle incentives on demand and the determinants of hybrid electric vehicle adoption." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41222.
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This dissertation identifies the average treatment effect of state level incentives for hybrid vehicles, identifies individual-level predictors of early adopters, and attempts to understand why states adopt these incentives. These questions are estimated using traditional parametric techniques, logistic regression, difference-in-difference regression, and fixed effects. In particular, this dissertation looks at changes in aggregate demand on two comparison groups: (1) the natural control group, states that did not adopt subsidies, and (2) a constructed control group, states that proposed subsidies during this same time period but did not adopt them. In addition to these parametric models, propensity score matching was used to construct a third comparison group using the models that identified determinants of the policy adoption. These findings were supplemented by exploratory analyses using the individual-level National Household Travel Survey. This multitude of evaluative analyses shows that HOV lane exemptions, if implemented in places with high traffic congestion, were found to impact aggregate demand and an individual's propensity to adopt a hybrid, while traditional incentives had limited impact.
These analyses provide insight into why states adopt certain policies and the circumstances in which these incentives are effective. Since people may be motivated by factors other than economic factors, creating effective incentives for energy efficiency technologies may be more challenging than just offsetting the price differential. Instead, customization to the local community's characteristics could help increase the efficacy of such policies.
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Gill, Glenda A. "Will a twenty-first century logistics management system improve Federal Emergency Management Agency's capability to deliver supplies to critical areas, during future catastrophic disaster relief operations?" Fort Leavenworth, KS : US Army Command and General Staff College, 2007. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA471327.
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Thesis (M. of Military Art and Science)--U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2007."A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Military Art and Science, General Studies." Title from cover page of PDF file (viewed: May 29, 2008).
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Hage, José Alexandre Altahyde. "Bolivia, Brasil e a guerra do gas." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280964.
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Orientador: Shiguenoli MiyamotoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Meu trabalho de monografia procura visar as relações políticas e econômicas entre a Argentina e Brasil no âmbito do Mercosul, plano de integração regional conhecido pelo Tratado de Assunção em 1991. A hipótese da minha monografia é averiguar a possibilidade de emergir comportamentos entre a realidade por parte dos países que integram o Mercosul, principalmente, a Argentina e Brasil, os dois maiores sócios do Mercosul. Em outras palavras é analisar se de fato há comportamentos realistas por parte dos dois maiores países da região do cone Sul. Comportamento realista neste caso é visto no emprego de conceitos ligados á política clássica, como hegemonia, dependência, interesse nacional e história internacional. Estes são conceitos da ciência política amplamente realizados nas relações internacionais
Abstract: Not informed.
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência Política
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Munro, Hugh M. "The impact of national oil companies on the energy security of OECD countries." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186098.
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National oil companies (NOCs) control over 80 percent of world oil reserves and over 50 percent of gas reserves and hold exclusive rights to exploration and development of oil and gas reserves within their home countries. Because of host government involvement and supervision, NOCs may also act as instruments of state, implementing government foreign and domestic policies such as wealth re-distribution through the provision of subsidised oil products, job creation, and economic development. Such activities can lead to restricted availability of funds for finding and developing reserves for future production and to inefficiencies in current production and distribution. This thesis assesses the geopolitical factors that influence the conduct, strategies and priorities of NOCs and how these may impact on the continuing security of energy supplies to countries which are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It will focus on ten NOCs supplying oil to world markets and two which supply gas to the European market. The study will also review the activities and .scope for influence as state instruments of Sovereign Wealth Funds which have been established by states with NOCs, in particular, those which have earned substantial petro-dollar surpluses, during the period of high oil and gas prices of2006-2008. In an age of global interdependence between nations, specific objectives of this thesis are to consider the implications of anticipated growth in world demand for oil and gas supplies over the next 20 years, whether world production capacity is likely to grow to meet increases in world demand, the potential impact on world oil and gas supplies of the policies and practices of NOCs, in particular, the desire of host governments to require NOCs to follow non- commercial objectives, and the responses from OECD countries to threats to their energy security from potential restrictions on supplies.
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Newhard, Joseph Michael. "The Genesis of the State: Mathematical Models of Conflict and Cooperation." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1237824890.
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Masutha, Takalani (Takalani Henry). "Community forestry and rural livelihoods : a case study of the contribution of natural resources to livelihoods of rural communities in the Northern Province, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52738.
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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Government of South Africa is faced with a mammoth task of redressing the imbalances of the past apartheid policies in the rural areas of the country. The Government has developed policies and programmes aimed at alleviating poverty in these areas. The Government has also realised the vital role that natural resources play in the livelihoods of rural people. The vision of Community Forestry as stated in the Forestry White Paper (GOSA, 1996), is to contribute to social and economic upliftment of all people, especially those in the rural areas, by promoting the sustainable utilisation of natural resources. The study was conducted in three rural villages in the Northern Province of South Africa. The three villages were chosen because of their closeness to the Kruger National Park, their remoteness and lack of infrastructure that could provide employment to the villagers. The villages were investigated using Rapid Rural Appraisal techniques and semi structured interviews with households and key-informants. The study reports on the pattern and structure of livelihoods and institutions that govern access to and control of natural resources in the woodlands that surround the three villages. It reports on the vital contribution that natural resources generate to livelihoods of the village communities by providing goods for fuel, shelter, food and medicines which are unavailable or unaffordable elsewhere for many households. The study also reports on the decline in the dependency of the communities on natural resources and the lack of cooperation between village communities and the Kruger National Park authorities, which may lead to serious management problems in the area. Lastly, recommendations based on the study findings, that may bring about possible economic and social upliftment of the communities in the three villages are put forward.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid Afrikaanse Regering staan voor die reuse taak om ongelykhede wat in die verlede onder die apartheids beleid in die landelike gebiede van die land tot stand gekom het, te herstel. Die huidige Regering het 'n beleids en programstelsel ontwikkel met die doelom armoede in die gebiede te verlig. Verder het 'n besef ontwikkel van die integrale rol wat natuurlike hulpbronne in die lewensonderhoud van mense uit landelike gebiede speel. Die visie van gemeenskaps bosbou, soos uiteengesit in die Forestry White Paper (GO SA, 1996), is om deur middel van die bevordering van volhoubare gebruik van natuurlike hulpbronne, 'n bydrae te lewer tot die sosiale en ekonomiese opheffing van alle mense, maar spesifiek die in landelike gebiede. Die studie is uitgevoer in drie landelike dorpies in die Noordelike Provinsie van Suid-Afrika. Die spesifieke dorpies is gekies a.g.v. beide hulle nabyheid aan die Nasionale Kruger Wildtuin sowel as hul afsondering en tekort aan infrastruktuur, wat werksgelenthede aan die inwoners kan verskaf. Die dorpies is bestudeer m.b.v. die Rapid Rural Appraisal tegniek en semigestruktureerde onderhoude met huishoudings en sleutel-informante. Deur middel van die studie word verslag gelewer op die lewensonderhouds patroon en strukture van huishoudings, sowel as die instellings wat toegang tot en gebruik van natuurlike hulpbronne beheer in die boslande rondom die drie dorpies. Dit dui die lewensbelangrike ondersteuning wat natuurlike hulpbronne aan huishoudings in die gemeenskap verskaf aan. Die ondersteuning word gevind in die vorm van materiaal vir vuurmaakhout, skuiling, kos en medisyne wat elders onbeskikbaar of onbekostigbaar is vir baie huishoudings. Verder word verslag gelewer oor die dalende afhanklikheid van gemeenskappe van hierdie natuurlike hulpbronne en die tekort aan samewerking tussen dorpsgemeenskappe en die bestuur van die Nasional Kruger Wildtuin. Dit mag wel tot bestuursprobleme in die nabye toekoms lei. Laastens word voorstelle, gebaseer op die bevindinge soos bespreek in die studie, gemaak wat mag lei tot die moontlike sosiale en ekonomiese opheffing van die gemeenskappe in die drie dorpies.
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Nemarundwe, Nontokozo. "Negotiating resource access : institutional arrangements for woodlands and water use in southern Zimbabwe /." Uppsala : Dept. of Rural Development Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a408.pdf.
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Beland, Lindahl Karin. "Frame analysis, place perceptions and the politics of natural resource management : exploring a forest policy controversy in Sweden /." Uppsala : Dept. of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200860.pdf.
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Zeller-Powell, Christine Elizabeth. "Defining Biomass as a Source of Renewable Energy: The Life-Cycle Carbon Emissions of Biomass Energy and a Survey and Analysis of Biomass Definitions in States' Renewable Portfolio Standards, Federal Law, and Proposed Legislation." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11483.
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xii, 97 p.Electricity generated from woody biomass material is generally considered renewable energy and has been considered carbon neutral. However, recent criticism from scientists argues that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profile of bioenergy is nuanced and the carbon neutral label is inappropriate. An initial carbon debt is created when a forest is harvested and combusted for bioenergy. Because forests re-grow over a period of years, life cycle analyses show that bioenergy generated from whole trees from forests may not reduce GHG emissions in the short term, as required to combat climate change. State renewable portfolio standards and federal laws and proposed legislation designed to incentivize renewable energy typically define eligible forms of biomass that qualify for these incentives. Most of these definitions are very broad and do not account for GHG emissions from bioenergy. Federal and state laws should incorporate life cycle analyses into definitions of eligible biomass so that these laws incentivize biomass electricity that reduces GHG emissions in the next several decades.
Committee in charge: Roberta Mann, Chairperson; Scott Bridgham, Member
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Kaniaru, Wanjiku. "The impact of water as a security issue on the Middle East peace process: 1991-1996." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002995.
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In recent years, there has been increasing realisation that resource based conflicts constitute one of the most salient threats to the survival of mankind, namely, water. In particular, the fundamental link between water and security can no longer be ignored given the indispensable role of water in the sustenance of human life as well as crucial sectors of agriculture and industry. Since the flow of water does not respect political boundaries, co-operation in the utilisation of dwindling supplies remains the most sustainable option for the future in an era of ecological interdependence. This thesis endeavours to investigate the impact of water as a security issue on the Middle East peace process. This is done within the theoretical framework that is provided by the schools of complex interdependence and new security studies. With the demise of the cold war, and the emergence of an expanded security agenda, water is an important non-military threat especially in the Middle East region. However, even with an expanded security agenda, the case of the Middle East suggests that it remains difficult to discard the hierarchy of security issues advocated by the Realists. The ongoing debate between the schools of complex interdependence and Realism is instructive in determining whether co-operation over water issues, considered "low" politics, is attainable in the absence of resolving "high" politics concerns of territory and security. Given its profound security implications for the Middle East region, water has been accorded a central role in both the bilateral and multilateral peace negotiations. In the context of water scarcity, and rising demographic patterns, the role of water as a facilitator of regional co-operation remains critical. However, for multilateral co-operation over water resources to become a tangible reality, it is the contention of this thesis that both "low" politics issues of water and "high" polities concerns of territory as well as security must be addressed simultaneously.
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Chigumira, Easther. "An appraisal of the impact of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme on land use practices, livelihoods and the natural environment at three study areas in Kadoma District, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005489.
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This research appraises the impact of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme at three resettled communities in Kadoma District, Zimbabwe. In particular it assesses the livelihood practices of land recipients and their effects on the natural environment. Two of the communities, Lanteglos and CC Molina were resettled under the A1 villagised and self-contained settlement scheme and are found in the Natural Farming Region III. Pamene, the third community, was resettled under the A2 small-scale commercial settlement scheme and is found in the Natural Farming Region IIb. Multiple research methods including household surveys, interviews, observations, reviews of literature and map construction through the use of Geographic Information Systems, allowed for the collection of empirical, descriptive, and spatial data to provide for the appraisal. The land use practices included dry land crop production, livestock rearing, vegetable gardening and exploitation of the natural environment for a variety of purposes. Farming was mostly subsistence with the use of traditional equipment by all three communities. Tenure was perceived to be insecure by beneficiaries and although a variety of papers to show ownership were held, none provided for leasing or freehold tenure. Despite acquiring natural capital from the resettlement process, the findings of this research show low levels of financial, physical and social capital amongst beneficiaries. Moreover climatic variability, the declining macro-economic and unstable political environment and little support from government have adversely affected the livelihoods of beneficiaries. The implication of all this has been a reduction in livelihoods that are based solely on agricultural production, leading to off-farm practices primarily exploiting the natural environment. The long term effect would be increased degradation of the environment, leading to reduced arable and grazing land, and thereby hindering sustainable livelihoods from farming. Recommendations are proposed based on this research’s findings being typical in Zimbabwe. Central to this is the need for government to revise its present land policy and, provide for a comprehensive and holistic land policy that should be based on the vision of how agriculture should evolve in Zimbabwe
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Wesolowski, Peter. "We Only Accept Online Applications: The Effect of HRIS E-Recruitment Technology on Job-Seeker Fairness Perceptions in the Canadian Federal Public Sector." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34321.
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Industrial-organizational psychologist Stephen S.W. Gilliland developed a model for studying job-seeker fairness perceptions in 1993 based on existing research in organizational justice. The model includes several rules which will result in job-seeker perceptions of fairness if satisfied and job-seeker perceptions of unfairness if violated. Given the prominence of this model in the literature as well as changes which have occurred in personnel selection (such as human resource information systems, or HRIS, and e-recruitment), scholars have called for a technological re-envisioning of the original model, especially the explanations/descriptions ascribed to each rule. The present study seeks to understand how HRIS e-recruitment technology impacts job-seeker fairness perceptions and in so doing update the Gilliland (1993) model using a qualitative methodology and website success measures from information systems success theory. It contributes to the literature on applicant fairness perceptions by accounting for technological change, and contributes to the field of Public Administration by studying a governmental e-recruitment portal thereby accounting for the particularities of public-sector HRM which is underrepresented in the organizational justice literature. Over the course of one (1) year, twelve (12) job-seekers participated in a series of focus group interviews where they reflected on their experiences applying for jobs in the Canadian federal civil service using the government’s e-recruitment portal. Participants completed profiles, sent applications, communicated with government personnel, and wrote internet tests, among other job-search activities, and reported on their experiences from the perspective of fairness. Results confirm the validity of all original procedural justice rules and offer insight into their application in a recruitment environment where applicants invest considerable time interacting with computerized systems. Two additional rules are also put forth including the ease with which candidates can deceive tests and privacy/trustworthiness using technology. The findings are limited insofar as data gathering took place during a time of reduced hiring activity by the employer and because participation was limited to one (1) specific geographic location.
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Thondhlana, Gladman. "Dryland conservation areas, indigenous people, livelihoods and natural resource values in South Africa: the case of Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011732.
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Contemporary conservation and development understanding in both policy and academic circles espouses that natural resources have a significant contribution to the livelihoods of local people and that knowledge of this can better foster conservation policies that are consistent with livelihood and ecological needs. This thesis is based on research conducted in the southern Kalahari region, South Africa among the San and Mier communities bordering Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. It looks at the importance of natural resources to the San and Mier community groups and ascertains the extent of resource use and its value within broader livelihood portfolios. It also focuses on the cultural values of natural resources and interactions among institutions and actors and how these shape natural resource governance and livelihood outcomes. Overall, natural resources represent an important livelihood source contributing up to 32 % and 9 % of the total income of the San and Mier respectively or up to 46 % and 23 % if livestock incomes are included. However, the dependence on, diversification patterns and distribution of natural resource income vary substantially between and within the two communities. With regards to the cultural values attached to natural resources by the San and Mier, the findings show that these arise from an incredibly diverse and sometimes conflicting array of values that punctuate the two communities’ way of life and they are inextricably linked to resource use. Lastly, governance of natural resources in the co-managed Park and communitymanaged resettlement farms is characterised by complex institutional arrangements, compounded by the existence of multiple actors that have multiple and sometimes conflicting objectives – as shaped by different meanings and interpretations of natural resources. Heightened inter- and intra-community conflicts are common, notably resource use conflicts between the San and Mier and between the San ‘modernist’ and ‘traditionalist’ groups. This demonstrates that the communities’ livelihood dynamics in general and the dependence on natural resources in particular, are closely linked with ecological, economic and social factors including history, culture and present livelihood needs. By exploring the social-environment interactions, the study highlights the complexities and diversity of resource use for livelihoods that should be taken into consideration for both conservation and development policy interventions and research. The main argument of the study is that the contribution of natural resources to local livelihood portfolios in co- and community-managed areas, can be better understood through a consideration of cultural dynamics and institutional arrangements since these condition natural resource access, value and use.
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Lee, Kit-tak Jessica, and 李潔德. "Conservation and recreation in country parks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258293.
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Erickson, Adam Michael 1979. "A Comparative Analysis of State-Level Watershed Management Frameworks in the Pacific Northwest." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11994.
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xiii, 236 p. : ill. (some col.)Over the past two decades, contemporary state-level watershed management burgeoned in the Pacific Northwest. This research offers a comparative analysis of contemporary state-level watershed management frameworks in the Pacific Northwest. The four case study areas consist of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Northern California. This study begins with a historical analysis of the greater watershed movement in natural resource management. Next, document analysis and key informant interviews are utilized to detail the watershed management framework of each state. Finally, this study explores a comparative analysis of each state framework. Results indicate that while the case study areas share many characteristics endemic to the bioregion, the watershed management framework of each state differs substantially. Key informant interviews indicate that these differences often reflect the unique sociopolitical climate of each state. Results additionally indicate the vital importance of stable state-derived funding for the establishment and resilience of watershed management organizations.
Committee in charge: Dr. Michael Hibbard, Chairperson; Dr. Richard Margerum, Member; Dr. Max Nielsen-Pincus, Member
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Santos, Fernanda Salvi [UNESP]. "O cenário ambiental paulista: no passado e no presente: considerações sobre as condições das unidades de conservação da Mata Atlântica de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95593.
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santos_fs_me_rcla.pdf: 1139616 bytes, checksum: 11e3e771b063d1761e5218da48b13fbc (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Entre os biomas mais devastados do mundo está a Mata Atlântica, de sua área original restam apenas 7,9%, o Estado de São Paulo abriga a maior parte contínua desses remanescentes. A necessidade de preservação desses remanescentes é clara para todos, porém a avaliação dos desempenhos das Unidades de Conservação criadas com essa incumbência não é tão transparente. A inexistência de padrões que nivelem seus desempenhos e suas estruturas impede a conclusão acerca de qual Unidade poderia melhorar ou qual Parque é exemplar em toda sua atuação. Para que possamos preservar de modo apropriado é necessário antes conhecer o que se deve preservar. Para determinar a efetividade e o desempenho de uma Unidade de Conservação, deve-se analisar o cumprimento de seu propósito de funcionamento, que é condição para sua existência como tal. É preciso observar como se dá a preservação do meio ambiente, tornando possível a manutenção, a recuperação, a preservação e a sobrevivência da biota em questão, garantindo condições para a melhoria da qualidade de vida humana e ambiental
Among the world's most devastated biomes is the Atlantic Forest, only remain 7.9% of its original area, the State of São Paulo holds the larger continuous part of the remnants. The need for environmental preservation is clear to everyone, but the evaluation of performance of the units is not so transparent, the lack of standards that leveled structures and performances prevent the conclusion about which unit could improve, or which have a exemplary performance between the parks. To be able of preserve with an appropriate mode is required before meet which must be preserved. Determining the effectiveness or the performance of a conservation area, is needed to concern about the regarding the fulfillment of its purpose and the operating condition for their existence as a protected area, preserving the environment making possible its maintenance, restoration, conservation and survival of the biota in question, ensuring conditions for improving the quality of human life and to the environment
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Santos, Fernanda Salvi. "O cenário ambiental paulista : no passado e no presente: considerações sobre as condições das unidades de conservação da Mata Atlântica de São Paulo /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95593.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Adler Guilherme ViadanaBanca: Fadel David Antônio Tuma Filho
Banca: Ailton Luchiari
Resumo: Entre os biomas mais devastados do mundo está a Mata Atlântica, de sua área original restam apenas 7,9%, o Estado de São Paulo abriga a maior parte contínua desses remanescentes. A necessidade de preservação desses remanescentes é clara para todos, porém a avaliação dos desempenhos das Unidades de Conservação criadas com essa incumbência não é tão transparente. A inexistência de padrões que nivelem seus desempenhos e suas estruturas impede a conclusão acerca de qual Unidade poderia melhorar ou qual Parque é exemplar em toda sua atuação. Para que possamos preservar de modo apropriado é necessário antes conhecer o que se deve preservar. Para determinar a efetividade e o desempenho de uma Unidade de Conservação, deve-se analisar o cumprimento de seu propósito de funcionamento, que é condição para sua existência como tal. É preciso observar como se dá a preservação do meio ambiente, tornando possível a manutenção, a recuperação, a preservação e a sobrevivência da biota em questão, garantindo condições para a melhoria da qualidade de vida humana e ambiental
Abstract: Among the world's most devastated biomes is the Atlantic Forest, only remain 7.9% of its original area, the State of São Paulo holds the larger continuous part of the remnants. The need for environmental preservation is clear to everyone, but the evaluation of performance of the units is not so transparent, the lack of standards that leveled structures and performances prevent the conclusion about which unit could improve, or which have a exemplary performance between the parks. To be able of preserve with an appropriate mode is required before meet which must be preserved. Determining the effectiveness or the performance of a conservation area, is needed to concern about the regarding the fulfillment of its purpose and the operating condition for their existence as a protected area, preserving the environment making possible its maintenance, restoration, conservation and survival of the biota in question, ensuring conditions for improving the quality of human life and to the environment
Mestre
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Hill, Mark. "The British North Sea: The Importance Of And Factors Affecting Tax Revenue From Oil Production." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4229.
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The oil industry is the richest and most influential industry in the world. The industry has moved the fates of nations. Oil is required to fight wars and exert power, and the restriction of this energy source is paramount to the restriction of movement, control, and in the end, power. Management of this resource and the tax revenue it generates are of serious strategic importance, both domestically and internationally. Understanding the results of taxation for this important commodity is important to international relations as well. The tax system affects tax revenue, government actions, oil company actions, and the oil supply itself. Each of these is important to international relations.
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Basurto, Gonzáles Daniel. "Mexican Environmental Legislation." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118481.
Full textAbstract:
The evolution of environmental law in Mexico has developed efficient mechanisms for environmental protection. Mexico’s legal system stems from the civil law tradition and therefore is a system of positivelaw. Thus, the Mexican legal system is based in written laws, regulations and other legalprovisions, created by the legislature (Federal Congress) and applicable in the Mexicanterritory, without losing sight of Mexican Official Standards (NOM’s) and Mexican Standards (NMX).The present article will make and overview on the transformation of environmental law since 1987’s constitutional reforms, to the present day.El tiempo y la experiencia en la aplicación de la Legislación Ambiental Mexicana ha sido detonante para el desarrollo de mecanismos cada vez más eficientes para la protección al medio ambiente.El Sistema Legal Mexicano es un sistema de derecho positivo. Así, el Derecho mexicano se encuentra basado en leyes escritas, reglamentos y otras disposiciones legales, creadas por el Congreso de la Unión y el Ejecutivo Federal; todas, aplicables en el territorio mexicano; sin perder de vista el rol de las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NOM’s) y las Normas Mexicanas (NMX).El presente artículo hará un recorrido en la transformación de la legislación ambiental desde las reformas constitucionales de 1987, hasta el día de hoy.