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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural resources ; Federal government'
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1
Adangor, Z. "Proposals for Equitable Governance and Management of Natural Resources in Nigeria." International Law Research 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v7n1p213.
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The current regime of centralized natural resource governance poses one of the greatest threats to the stability of the Federation of Nigeria. The centralization of natural resource ownership and government is perceived by the ethnic minorities of the oil-producing Niger Delta Region of Nigeria as a tool of ethnic domination by the majority ethnic groups. Given the centrality of natural resources to the growth of Nigeria’s economy and the desirability of maintaining a stable federation, this research seeks to propose an equitable regime of natural resource governance that recognises and accommodates both national and regional interest in Nigeria’s abundant natural resources and thereby strengthens federal stability. This paper which adopts analytical and comparative research methodologies, argues that the current regime of natural resource governance in Nigeria is divisive and that only the participation of the federating states in the governance of natural resources exploited within their respective geographic boundaries would conduce to peace and inter-regional harmony and enhance the capacities of the federating states to develop at their varying speed according to the dreams of the Founding Fathers of Nigerian federalism. The paper concludes by recommending resource federalism whereby competence over natural resource governance could be shared between the federal government and the federating states.
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Reinharz, Eli, Robin Rorick, Dale Young, and Lisa Pelstring. "COOPERATIVE NATURAL RESOURCES DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND RESTORATION WORKSHOP: WORKING TOGETHER TO RESTORE INJURED NATURAL RESOURCES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-89.
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ABSTRACT When natural resources and their services are injured by hazardous substances or oil, how can affected stakeholders expeditiously and effectively restore these resources and services? How can the damage assessment and restoration process be streamlined? What does it take to bring affected interests to the table—and keep them at the table—to resolve liabilities and ensure development of a common restoration vision? These questions and more were the focus of a workshop on Cooperative Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration held on June 9 and 10, 2004, in San Diego, California. The workshop included participants from federal and state government, industry, American Indian tribes, and environmental groups. Workshop planners included the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of the Interior, the Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials, the American Petroleum Institute American Chemistry Council, the Environmental Law Institute, the Center for Public Environmental Oversight, and Scenic Hudson. This paper and presentation presents innovative and creative ideas and solutions discussed at the workshop that may serve to facilitate and further promote the cooperative damage assessment process.
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Rémillard, Gil. "Situation du partage des compétences législatives en matière de ressources naturelles au Canada." Les Cahiers de droit 18, no. 2-3 (April 12, 2005): 471–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042173ar.
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With respect to the public domain, the British North America Actof 1867 established a division of authority which is relatively simple in principle: residuary interest in property belongs to the Provinces while the Federal authority has no more than the power of exception. From this principle which is derived principally from article 109 of the 1867 Act, we can say that the Provinces have authority to legislate on questions affecting natural resources. However, the Canadian Parliament can also legislate on questions affecting natural resources. This is derived from either express authority granted it or from implied authority. In effect, the majority of the authority which permits the Canadian Parliament to legislate in matters affecting natural resources is derived either directly or indirectly from the application of its trenching power. The introductory clause of article 91 of the 1867 Act is an important source of the Federal authority over natural resources. Through the application of the national dimension theory, Ottawa has assumed control over atomic energy, off-store mineral resources, water management, and the expropriation of provincial lands. Moreover, through the application of emergency powers, Parliament could eventually legislate on a considerable number of subjects related to natural resources. Also, a number of the Federal Government's enumerated powers permit the control authority to legislate on questions of natural resources. The principle examples of this are its authority over the public debt and property, commerce, taxation, navigation, fisheries, Indians, the authority granted it by article 92(10c), and article 108 of the 1867 Act. One must thus conclude that by judicial interpretation, the Federal government has gained concurrent authority over natural resources through the application of the principle of Federal preponderance in case of conflict.
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Harrison, Rowland J., Lars Olthafer, and Katie Slipp. "Federal and Alberta Energy Project Regulation Reform — At What Cost Efficiency?" Alberta Law Review 51, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr67.
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Changes to regulatory regimes at the federal and provincial levels have recently transformed the way that energy resource projects will be considered and approved. The federal Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 and amended National Energy Board Act, along with the Alberta Responsible Energy Development Act, have taken decision-making power away from the regulators to government in an effort to align regulatory decisions with broader government policies. This article examines a number of the effects of the new regimes including the impact that the changes might have on the role of the regulator, the functioning of regulatory processes, and the development of Canada’s natural resources.
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Pandey, Chandra Lal, Niraj Poudyal, and Dipesh Khadka. "Resource Mapping and Indexing of Federal Provinces of Nepal: An Analysis." Molung Educational Frontier 8 (December 3, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v8i0.22437.
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Nepal has entered into a federal political structure with 7 provincial governments and 753 local municipalities (rural and urban). There is a paucity of evidence on the status of resources available in the seven provincial governments without which, estimation of resource gap and potentials of these provincial governments for appropriate policy interventions remains elusive. In this paper, we have prepared a resource map of the provincial governments and developed a resource index so that we can rank the provinces using the index. The resource index includes the dimensions of human resource (population), natural resource (arable land, forest coverage and water resources) and financial resources (tax revenue generated per person and GDP per capita). Our findings suggest that there is a high disparity of resource availability in seven different provinces. Provinces 6 and 7 located in the mid and far western regions are found developmentally challenged with low revenue collection and high poverty rate and migration. Provinces 2 and 5 have high levels of resources, wastage and inefficiency. Province 4 is found to be outstanding in terms of efficient resource use and knowledge, and if supported with more resources possesses high chance of becoming the role model province in Nepal.
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Dashanimaevich Tsyrenov, Dashi, ., and . "Socioeconomic Development of Regions of Siberia and Russian Far East: Statistical Analysis." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24758.
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The economic development of Russia, given the country’s vast territory, the distribution patterns of natural resources and population, and the diverse climate conditions, is logically uneven and characterized by territorial variation. Particular focus of the federal government should be placed on the conditions emerging in Siberia and the Russian Far East. The major limiting factor is the increasing population outflows to the central federal subjects of the Russian Federation, particularly visible among the working-age population. Apart from it, another limiting factor is the natural conditions in these two federal districts, namely, the harsh weather conditions, the typical inland climate, seismic activity, etc. Moreover, a major part of Siberia and the Far East is designated as a territory with special requirements in terms of natural resource development, which is due to the existing national reserves and parks. The Baikal natural area, the basin of Lake Baikal, are of particular importance. These factors have brought to the foreground the need for a break-up of the Siberia Federal District and the Far East Federal District to improve the economic efficiency of such spacious areas of the country. There is a proposal to establish a new federal district known under the working reference as “Central Eurasia” and meant to include the Republics of Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia, and Sakha (Yakutia), the Trans-Baikal and Krasnoyarsk Territories and the Irkutsk region. The proposed spatial arrangement of productive forces would improve the efficiency of use of both labor and natural resources.
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Parker, Grant D. "THE ROLE OF INDIAN TRIBES IN NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGES RECOVERY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-297.
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ABSTRACT Oil and hazardous substance spills can have a catastrophic impact on Indian tribes relying on natural resources such as fish and wildlife for subsistence or economic survival. Indian tribes have increasing legal and administrative opportuntiies to protect, and recover damages for, tribal resources injured by oil and hazardous substance releases. Common law, and recent amendments to the federal Superfund statute recognize the importance of resource protection to tribal governments and specifically provide for the participation of tribal governments in both assessing damage to, and bringing claims to recover for the loss of, natural resources.
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Shah, R. K. "Fiscal Federalism in Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities." Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rnjds.v2i1.25279.
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The Constitution of Nepal was formally promulgated and it declared the country as a Federal Democratic Republic on September 20, 2015 by the Second CA. Fiscal powers were shared among the federal government, the state governments and the local governments. The Constitution further defined the framework of fiscal federalism within the pattern of income and resource distribution. The primary objectives of this study is to review the modality presented in the new Constitution on the natural resources, economic rights and revenue allocation. The study finds that the fiscal decentralization initiatives have not been successful in minimizing the political, social, economic, regional and ethnic inequalities inherent for nearly 240 years of a unitary system of governance in Nepal. The study recommends that VAT, excise duties and income taxes have to be allocated at the federal, states and local levels in the ratio of 70 percent, 15 percent and 15 percent respectively by the Constitution. Intergovernmental transfer modality has included in the Constitution. Revenue sharing from hydropower has been a controversial issue in Nepal. National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission (NNRFC) has been constituted at the central level to make national level development plans and to make recommendations for additional grants and loans for the state and local governments. The Constitution has further defined the framework of fiscal federalism within the pattern of income and resource distribution. The theoretical study indicates that there is various controversial and overlapping issues required clarity in process of implementation in the years to come.
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Plumb, James. "‘Back to the Future' A review of Australian reservation and other natural gas export control policies." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18282.
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Despite record levels of domestic production, forecasters are predicting that the east coast Australian gas market will remain tight in 2019. The introduction of the Australian Domestic Gas Security Mechanism (ADGSM) by the Federal Government in 2017, and the proposal announced by the Australian Labour Party (ALP) to bolster the mechanism, have again thrust the issue of political intervention in the export gas market into sharp focus. This paper provides an overview of the current regulatory intervention at the state and federal level, and looks back at the history of controls imposed upon the Australian gas export market. The paper is divided into two parts: Part 1, which looks at current regulatory controls engaged by various State and Federal governments: (a) the development and implementation of the ADGSM; (b) the development and implementation of the Queensland Government’s Prospective Gas Production Land Reserve policy (PGPLR); and (c) the Government of Western Australia’s (WA Government) domestic gas policy. The paper also reviews policy announcements made by the ALP in the lead up to the 2019 Federal election. Part 2 provides a broad overview of the history of controls on gas exports in Australia, from the embargo on exports from the North West Shelf between 1973 and 1977, through the increasing liberalisation of Australian energy policy during the 1980s and 1990s (and the associated conflict with state concerns of ensuring sufficiency of the domestic supply of gas), up to the removal of federal controls on resources exports (including liquefied natural gas) in 1997.
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Kauano, Érico E., Jose M. C. Silva, and Fernanda Michalski. "Illegal use of natural resources in federal protected areas of the Brazilian Amazon." PeerJ 5 (October 10, 2017): e3902. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3902.
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Background The Brazilian Amazon is the world’s largest rainforest regions and plays a key role in biodiversity conservation as well as climate adaptation and mitigation. The government has created a network of protected areas (PAs) to ensure long-term conservation of the region. However, despite the importance of and positive advances in the establishment of PAs, natural resource depletion in the Brazilian Amazon is pervasive. Methods We evaluated a total of 4,243 official law enforcement records generated between 2010 and 2015 to understand the geographical distribution of the illegal use of resources in federal PAs in the Brazilian Amazon. We classified illegal activities into ten categories and used generalized additive models (GAMs) to evaluate the relationship between illegal use of natural resources inside PAs with management type, age of PAs, population density, and accessibility. Results We found 27 types of illegal use of natural resources that were grouped into 10 categories of illegal activities. Most infractions were related to suppression and degradation of vegetation (37.40%), followed by illegal fishing (27.30%) and hunting activities (18.20%). The explanatory power of the GAMs was low for all categories of illegal activity, with a maximum explained variation of 41.2% for illegal activities as a whole, and a minimum of 14.6% for hunting activities. Discussion These findings demonstrate that even though PAs are fundamental for nature conservation in the Brazilian Amazon, the pressures and threats posed by human activities include a broad range of illegal uses of natural resources. Population density up to 50 km from a PA is a key variable, influencing illegal activities. These threats endanger long-term conservation and many efforts are still needed to maintain PAs that are large enough and sufficiently intact to maintain ecosystem functions and protect biodiversity.
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Dockry, Michael J., Sophia A. Gutterman, and Mae A. Davenport. "Building Bridges: Perspectives on Partnership and Collaboration from the US Forest Service Tribal Relations Program." Journal of Forestry 116, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof-2016-106.
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AbstractAmerican Indian tribes have inherent rights to national forestland and resources codified in treaties, the US Constitution, statutes, Presidential Executive Orders, and case law. These rights require a government-to-government relationship between each tribe and the US Forest Service (USFS), which recognizes federal trust responsibilities and tribal sovereignty. This is implemented through government-to-government consultation. Along with consultation, the USFS seeks to create opportunities to work in partnership with tribes to support natural resource management for mutual benefit. The purpose of this article is to explore partnership building and collaboration between the USFS and American Indian tribes in the context of the USFS tribal relations program. The article outlines successful practices and barriers for building partnerships between federally recognized tribes and the USFS. Qualitative research methods were used to analyze 26 semistructured interviews with USFS employees with tribal relations duties to understand their perspectives on building partnerships and fulfilling the government trust responsibility with American Indian tribes.
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Widiatedja, I. Gusti Ngurah Parikesit. "Protecting Indigenous Peoples through Right to Natural Resources: Lesson from the Existence of Navajo Tribe in the United States." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1i3.111.
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From the perspective of international law, indigenous peoples have the rights to own, use, and control their natural resources within their territories. In the United States, the Navajo Tribe has enjoyed those rights. In terms of law making process, this tribe can enact some acts to preserve a control over their natural resources. Specifically, the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Solid Waste Act. Concerning law implementation and enforcement, Navajo Tribe has a right to equitable benefit sharing in natural resources and fair court proceeding for breach. As a result, the existence of rights for natural resources requires the U.S federal government to ensure fair administration of natural resources in order to mitigate an economic exploitation of natural resources in indigenous land.
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Widiatedja, I. Gusti Ngurah Parikesit. "Protecting Indigenous Peoples through Right to Natural Resources: Lesson from the Existence of Navajo Tribe in the United States." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1n3.111.
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From the perspective of international law, indigenous peoples have the rights to own, use, and control their natural resources within their territories. In the United States, the Navajo Tribe has enjoyed those rights. In terms of law making process, this tribe can enact some acts to preserve a control over their natural resources. Specifically, the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Solid Waste Act. Concerning law implementation and enforcement, Navajo Tribe has a right to equitable benefit sharing in natural resources and fair court proceeding for breach. As a result, the existence of rights for natural resources requires the U.S federal government to ensure fair administration of natural resources in order to mitigate an economic exploitation of natural resources in indigenous land.
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Felder, Stephanie S., Jamie Seligman, Cicely K. Burrows-McElwain, Maryann E. Robinson, and Erik Hierholzer. "Disaster Trauma: Federal Resources that Help Communities on Their Road to Recovery." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, no. 2 (April 2014): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.26.
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AbstractDuring the past several years, the US federal government has increased its role in preparing for and responding to natural and manmade disasters. The support and services that federal agencies provide to communities to address the psychological impact of trauma on citizens of all ages are valuable assets before and after a disaster. We used trauma theory to analyze disaster behavior health, assess the needs of at-risk populations, and identify the resources that the Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, offers to the nation to assist communities in the psychological recovery process. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–5)
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Ninyio, Ninette Nyalyen. "Legal System Of Tax Income And Tariff Revenue In The Natural Resources And The Mining Sector In Nigeria: Obstacles And Challenges In Collecting Taxes And Duties, Parliamentary And Judicial Control." KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 6, no. 4 (2019): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2019-4-418.
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Nigeria is endowed with a wide variety of economic minerals which are spread across all the geopolitical zones of the nation. The ownership, management and control of natural resources in Nigeria is enshrined in the Constitution, and recognized by the United Nations Organization (UN). In 1962, the General Assembly of the United Nations deliberated and adopted Resolution 1803, (xvii) titled “Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources”. This resolution changed the ownership structure of natural resources from investor ownership to State control of natural resources. The Federal Government of Nigeria, being the owner of natural resources in Nigeria, by virtue of being a member of the United Nations, and a signatory to the treaty which has been transmuted into municipal law, formulates policies which guarantee it receives some compensation for allowing the extraction of these resources. Chief among these policies is the fiscal policy, which is aimed at ensuring that government acquires benefits from the mining of these resources, or simply referred to as taxation or the levying of tax. The legal regime of these fiscal policies is what this presentation seeks to examine, and shall be considered against the backdrop of the obstacles and challenges that mitigate the optimal realization of benefits to be accrued in its implementation, which may be parliamentary or judicial in nature. In doing this, the various extant tax laws on are examined. For clarity, Nigeria operates a presidential system of government and not a parliamentary one, and any reference to parliamentary here strictly means the legislative segment of the government.
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Neel, Jon, John Bones, Elizabeth Dimmick, Lynn J. Tomich Kent, Roger Dunstan, and Bruce Sutherland. "THE STATES/BC OIL SPILL TASK FORCEAN—INTERNATIONAL MODEL FOR FORMULATING AND INFLUENCING PUBLIC POLICY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-263.
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ABSTRACT The States/British Columbia Oil Spill Task Force was established in 1989 to enhance spill coordination among the West Coast states and British Columbia, and to address a number of issues that became apparent during the Nestucca barge and Exxon Valdez oil spills. Task Force members are the directors of the oil spill prevention and response agencies in Alaska, British Columbia, California, Oregon, and Washington. The Task Force has become a national model for facilitating cooperation and building consensus between coastal states and provinces and their federal governments. In October of 1990, the task force issued a report containing a comprehensive set of recommendations addressing oil spill prevention, preparedness, and response. The group had achieved remarkable consensus, and many of the report's recommendations have been included in recent legislation enacted by the member states. The success of the task force's approach to regional coordination has also reduced the need for a proposed Pacific Oceans Resources Interstate Compact, which has been proposed to expand the states' role in areas of regulation that are otherwise federally preempted. The task force has become an effective mechanism for developing vigorous, productive relationships between government agencies, industry, and the public in both the United States and Canada. It has created important linkages between state/provincial and federal regulatory activities; for example, by providing input to Coast Guard and EPA rulemaking that implemented the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. It also assisted in assuring a well-coordinated international response to the July 1991 Tenyo Maru oil spill outside the Strait of Juan De Fuca between Washington and British Columbia. The task force is continuing to advance its goals of promoting public policy on oil spill prevention; cooperative management of major spills by government and industry; protection of the states/provincial rights and their natural and economic resources; and inter-governmental consistency in regulations adopted for oil spill prevention, contingency planning, and resource damage assessment.
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Molineaux, Connor. "Federal-Provincial Relations and Conservatism in the Canadian West." Federalism-E 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/fede.v17i1.13583.
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Regionalism has been a prominent feature of Western Canadian political culture even prior to Alberta and Saskatchewan joining confederation in 1905. One manifestation of this regionalism is through intergovernmental conflict, particularly jurisdictional disputes between the provincial and federal governments. These disputes have generally seen provincial governments of various ideological leanings cooperate, and yet decentralization–or expansion of provincial jurisdiction–is a position that has largely been advanced by conservatives in recent decade.1Is there an ideological connection between expansion of provincial jurisdiction and conservatism? This essay contends that the conservative ideology particular to Western Canada was uniquely influenced by the dynamic of federal-provincial relations in Canada because of particular features of the region’s brand of conservatism. This essay will demonstrate that ongoing disputes between western provinces–Alberta in particular–and the federal government, particularly over natural resource issues, have reinforced a dynamic of regionalism within Western Canadian conservatism, leading it to become the perennial feature of conservative policy, federally and provincially, that it is today.[...]
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Okonkwo, Theodore. "Ownership and Control of Natural Resources under the Nigerian Constitution 1999 and Its Implications for Environmental Law and Practice." International Law Research 6, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v6n1p162.
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The right to ownership and control of natural resources under the Nigerian law is constitutional. The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) section 44 (3) and item 39 Schedule II of the Exclusive Legislative List vests the control and management of the natural resources and hydrocarbon operations on the federal government for the common good and benefit of the citizens. This article aims at examining the constitutional provisions and its implications for environmental law and practice. It examines some theories of ownership of mineral resources and analyses the decisions of the Supreme Court of Nigeria on the subject, particularly the case of Attorney-General of the Federation v. Attorney General of Abia State & 35 Others (No. 2) (2002) 6 NWLR (Part 764) 542 where the Supreme Court of Nigeria made several judicial pronouncements on the constitutional question of the derivation principle and ownership and control of natural resources in the Nigeria Federation. This article concludes by advocating for reforms and further research on the subject matter. It recommends the adoption of what is obtainable in other jurisdictions like Canada and South Africa.
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Fondahl, Gail, and Greg Poelzer. "Aboriginal land rights in Russia at the beginning of the twenty-first century." Polar Record 39, no. 2 (April 2003): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247402002747.
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During the last decade, aboriginal peoples in Russia have sought to improve their legal rights, including their rights to their homelands and the resources of these lands. The Russian government initially responded to an aboriginal lobby by including discrete articles addressing aboriginal rights in a number of its laws, including those on forests, sub-surface resources, and protected areas. More comprehensive laws, specifically addressing aboriginal rights to land, were finally adopted at the turn of the twenty-first century, in 1999, 2000, and 2001. This article summarizes the rights of aboriginal peoples regarding land ownership/tenure, access to natural resources (renewable and sub-surface), and protection of ancestral lands, in the light of the new federal legislation. It also notes how the federal laws' provisions concur with international requirements for aboriginal land rights.
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Grieve, Chris, and Geoff Richardson. "Recent history of Australia's South East Fishery; a manager's perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00070.
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A brief history of the South East Fishery is presented, focussing on the period 1986–2000. With the realization in the 1980s that natural resources are finite, active fisheries management became more of a focus for the Australian Federal Government. This paper describes the Federal Government’s fisheries management objectives since the mid 1980s as well as major new policy initiatives, and seeks to measure the performance of the fishery against key management objectives. A few simple indicators of change are examined with particular reference to the pursuit of economic efficiency.
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Palmer, Mark H., and Jack Hanney. "Geographic Information Networks in American Indian Governments and Communities." International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking 2, no. 2 (April 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jvcsn.2010040101.
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This article describes advantages and disadvantages of federal government centralized geographic information networks and decentralized peer-to-peer geographic information networks as they pertain to North American Indian tribal governments and communities. Geographic information systems (GIS) are used by indigenous groups for natural resource management, land claims, water rights, and cultural revitalization activities on a global-scale. North American groups use GIS for the same reasons, but questions regarding culturally appropriate GIS, cross-cultural understandings of geographic knowledge, and cultural assimilation through Western digital technologies have been raised by scholars. Two network models are germane to American Indian government operations and community organizations. The first is a prescriptive top-down network emanating from federal government agencies. Federal agencies are responsible for the diffusion of nationwide GIS programs throughout indigenous communities in the United States. A second, potentially more inclusive model is a decentralized peer-to-peer network in which all nodes are responsible for the success of the network.
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Ahmed, Aziz, Noor Mohammad, and Abdul Wadood. "Balochistan: Overview of its Geo-economic and Socio-economic Perspectives." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v3i2.58.
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This study gives an overview of geo-economic and socio-economic perspectives of Balochistan. The research methodology of descriptive analysis is used to highlight the objectives of this study on thematic analysis outcomes. The findings of the study show paradoxical themes that Balochistan is the largest and resourceful yet the least developed province of Pakistan. The major portion of population comprises of youth but not skilled enough to find decent works for livelihood earnings. Political awareness is present, but the government is made on the consent of governments formed at federal level. Economic snapshots reveal that resource-rich attributes of the province are associated with the lowest socio-economic indices across all districts of the province. The natural cum geo-economic importance and resources abundance have not contributed for socio-economic development of this backward province of Balochistan. Unemployment, low skills development, zero industrialization and socio-economic backwardness are main economic issues responsible for the lowest development of the province. The policy recommendations include the implementation of comprehensive development policies for natural resource development, human capital formation of its labor force, coastal area development, development of Gwadar sea-port, enhancing capacity building of the provincial government departments, rule of law, investment for socio-economic development and mainstreaming the local population in macro decision making for the development of the least developed province of Balochistan.
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Port, Patricia Sanderson, and Samuel A. Hoover. "Anticipating California Levee Failure: The State of the Delta Levees and Government Preparation and Response Strategies for Protecting Natural Resources from Freshwater Oil Spills." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2011, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): abs112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-112.
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ABSTRACT Seismic activity and other natural and human forces significantly threaten the structural integrity of Delta levee systems. Breached levees appreciably impact fresh water resources, damage crops and livestock, destroy homes, schools, public works, businesses and wild species habitat, among other vital, sensitive areas. Levee failure often leads to oil and petroleum contamination of freshwater resources, particularly in dense residential, agricultural and commercial areas protected by levee systems that depend upon such water resources for drinking, irrigation and industrial uses. San Joaquin Delta to illustrate selected impacts to a freshwater region jeopardized by levee failure, this paper will: 1) discuss the current state of the Delta levee systems and detail the fragility of the system and the potential consequences of major impacts - earthquakes and floods likely to jeopardize this system; 2) review issues concerning levee breach preparedness, including practices to maintain levee structure and promote levee rehabilitation; and 3) suggest a coordinated federal, state and local response to contain damage caused by a levee breach, with particular focus on oil and hazardous materials spill impacts. As with many levee systems, the issues presented by a levee breach to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region are complex and require close, concerted federal, state and local participation, not only to rapidly and effectively respond to impacted areas, but to anticipate and avoid more massive levee failure. Employment of these levee protection and breach response measures will help defend, among other vital resources, domestic, agricultural and industrial water for use from oil, petroleum and other hazardous contaminants.
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Stecyk, Karolina. "Environmental sustainability versus economic interests: a search for good governance in a macroeconomic perspective." Journal of Governance and Regulation 6, no. 4 (2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v6_i4_p1.
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Finding the proper balance between economic benefit and sustainable development has been an issue for many local governments, especially in the regions that depend strongly on natural resources. One of Canada’s largest contributors to environmental degradation is the oil sands in Alberta. The degradation occurs on land, in water, and in the air as a result of oil extraction and tailings ponds. The purpose of the paper is to argue that although the government of the province of Alberta and the federal government have developed legislation including licensing and policies (frameworks and directives) to reduce and prevent environmental degradation, they fail to ensure compliance with the legislation and policies because the governments prefer economic gain to environmental sustainability. The lack of strong compliance enforcement suggests a lack of effectiveness and efficiency. Subsequently, a failure in the rule of law occurs because oil corporations, due to their economic impact, are treated as above the law. The bias for the corporation over the environment hinders good governance. Overall, both governments find balancing protecting the environment and gaining financial benefits challenging.
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Bhattarai, Bhola, Dipak Bishwokarma, and Mathilde Legras. "Breaking the Bottleneck: Conflicts Metamorphosis of Chure Landscape Management in Federal Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 16, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v16i1.22883.
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Chure forests, which is one of the youngest and most fragile landscapes of Nepal, continue to be degraded due to resource exploitation and conflict over its management. This region is considered to be the lifeline to down-stream communities - mainly for water - while inhabiting millions of poor and rural people that depend on natural resources - especially forests commons. Government initiatives to manage Chure have escalated contestations in the recent years. Its decision to declare Chure landscape as ‘Environmental Protection Area’ manifests a protection-centric management approach. This research scrutinises the genesis of contestation on Chure management utilising three–elements of conflicts described by Brown et al. (2017). It analyses power–relation to demonstrate potential implications on Chure landscape management as well as conflict resolution options, in the changed political context of federal Nepal. Our research reveals that all stakeholders are well aware of the continuous degradation of Chure landscape and have agreed on discovering the common locus of sustainable management. However, the state-community contestation still persists due to divergent understandings of degradation. Despite multiple strands of management options, contextualised community-based approach still appears to be an appropriate option to solve this persistent contestation, building on the practices of community forestry and historic failures of top-down, protection-centric management practice. The newly elected provincial and local governments could further facilitate a more effective management of Chure landscape through resolving the contentious state-community conflict.
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Midtgarden, Torjus. "Dewey’s Conceptualization of the Public as Polity Contextualized: The Struggle for Democratic Control over Natural Resources and Technology." Contemporary Pragmatism 16, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 104–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18758185-0161122.
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This article explores John Dewey’s conceptualization of the public as polity in his lecture notes from 1928. Dewey’s conceptualization suggests an account of the democratic legitimacy of public regulation of economic activities by focusing on polity members’ mutual interest. Contextualized through Dewey’s involvement in practical politics the article specifies the conceptualization by a policy focus on natural resources and technology, and explores and discusses it through two issues for democratic control over policy development: centralization of power in federal government; and the failure to understand, predict and control consequences of technology. Finally, exploring its relevance in a context of economic globalization the article rearticulates the conceptualization in terms of transnational relations and solidarities, using the transnational peasant organization La Via Campesina as an example.
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Ray, Justina C., Jaime Grimm, and Andrea Olive. "The biodiversity crisis in Canada: failures and challenges of federal and sub-national strategic and legal frameworks." FACETS 6 (January 1, 2021): 1044–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0075.
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Negative biodiversity trends are evident in Canada, in spite of its ecological and economic wealth and high governance capacity. We examined the current implementation of Canada’s national biodiversity strategy—the planning instrument to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity—through its existing legal framework. We did this by evaluating biodiversity-related strategies and plans and 201 federal, provincial, and territorial laws. We found that while most jurisdictions claim dedicated attention to biodiversity, there is little evidence of an integrated approach within provinces and territories and across the federation. Biodiversity conservation led by governments underscores the need for considerations of species and ecosystem services to be mainstreamed into economic and development decision-making. Key challenges to this include Canada’s unusual degree of decentralized constitutionally ascribed authority over natural assets and its historical and continued economic emphasis on extraction of natural resources—a conflict of interest for jurisdictions. Transitioning to scale-appropriate planning and integrated decision-making that can address the pressures and causes of biodiversity conservation in Canada will require transformative change. Law reform, while necessary, will not succeed unless accompanied by a whole-of-government approach, a shift to a bio-centric mindset, innovative governance (particularly Indigenous-led conservation), and federal leadership with strong levels of financial investment.
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Westgard-Cruice, William, and Yuko Aoyama. "Variegated capitalism, territoriality and the renewable energy transition: the case of the offshore wind industry in the Northeastern USA." Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 14, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsab004.
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Abstract Uneven development and the territoriality of renewable energy resources complicate prevailing theories of regional energy transitions. This article proposes a framework for the study of regional energy transitions informed by theories of variegated capitalism and geographical scholarship on the materiality and territoriality of energy. We make the case for this framework by demonstrating that the development of offshore wind energy in the Northeastern USA has been hindered by the (in)action of the US federal government, which can be explained in part by the economic importance of natural gas extraction in the underdeveloped, yet politically influential region of Northern Appalachia.
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Rodriguez, Sarah K. M. "“The Greatest Nation on Earth”." Pacific Historical Review 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 50–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2017.86.1.50.
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Between 1820 and 1827 approximately 1,800 U.S. citizens immigrated to northern Mexico as part of that country’s empresario program, in which the federal government granted foreigners land if they promised to develop and secure the region. Historians have long argued that these settlers, traditionally seen as the vanguard of Manifest Destiny, were attracted to Mexico for its cheap land and rich natural resources. Such interpretations have lent a tone of inevitability to events like the Texas Revolution. This article argues that the early members of these groups were attracted to Mexico for chiefly political reasons. At a time when the United States appeared to be turning away from its commitment to a weak federal government, Mexico was establishing itself on a constitution that insured local sovereignty and autonomy. Thus, the Texas Revolution was far from the result of two irreconcilable peoples and cultures. Moreover, the role that these settlers played in the United States’ acquisition of not just Texas, but ultimately half of Mexico’s national territory, was more paradoxical than inevitable.
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Okolo, Ekenedilichukwu A., and Christian Oziezi. "“Let there be No Quarrel among Us” (Genesis 13:8-9): Using Abraham’s Model for Restructuring in Nigeria." Journal of Religion and Human Relations 13, no. 1 (July 22, 2021): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jrhr.v13i1.3.
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Nigeria is blessed with so many natural resources which are the principal sources of income through which she is sustained. Disparity in the income so generated has been posing a serious challenge to almost every Nigerian administration on the ratio for its sharing, hence becoming a major problem and challenge affecting federal practice in Nigeria. The problem of resource control and restructuring so noticed has been as a result of disagreement within the three tiers of government of which no one seems to accept to sacrifice some pleasures in order to ensure that peace is attained. It will be germane to posit that for there to be a restructuring in Nigeria that will be effectively sustained and generally satisfactory, the Abraham’s model must be adopted who gave Lot his nephew the opportunity to choose from the best part of the vast arable land so that there may be no quarrel among them. In this regard therefore, Abraham is seen as a leader who is endowed with virtues of love, peace, selflessness and sacrifice and must be emulated by Nigeria leaders if restructuring will be achieved. This work adopts a sociological method and will be theoretically framed with relative deprivation theory. The paper observes that there has been tussle within the tiers of government on the sharing formula which has not been generally accepted. Secondly, it discovers that there has been agitations by the host states on resource control and restructuring which is not workable for the federal government, it goes on to observe that Abraham’s model could help to solve the problem if the federal government assumes the role of Abraham by allowing producing states to determine the percentage of the allocation. It finally observes that there has been lack of a leader who has the vision and willingness to handle the problem once and for all which has made the problems to continue lingering. The paper therefore recommends that the tiers of government should be willing to make sacrifices in order to ensure a harmonious and peaceful co-existence. The work also recommends the need for visionary and selfless leaders who will sincerely tackle and implement true and acceptable federalism for the good of the common man.
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Gladun, Elena. "Sustainable Development of the Russian Arctic: Legal Implications." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 29–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2019-0013.
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AbstractSustainable development has increasingly entered into the Arctic context. For Russia, the Arctic means enormous natural resources and potential for the country’s social and economic well-being. The focus of this paper is the dynamics of environmental and Arctic legislation in Russia; attention is also given to the rationale and justification of legal implications of sustainable development in the Russian Arctic. Specifically, it discusses barriers in transitioning to sustainable development and estimates relevant legal tools used over the last three decades applicable to the Arctic territories. The general idea is that despite strong political will to promote sustainable development, Russia’s unstable economy has impeded the country’s sustainability development objectives. Consequently, resource-based development is prioritized over environmental concerns and puts environmentally fragile territories, like the Arctic, at great risk. The research methods include context analysis of the Russian federal and regional laws and contextual interviews at the federal and regional government levels. The results of the research are the identification of achievements and deficiencies in the rule of law related to sustainable development of the Russian Arctic as well as policy recommendations for public authorities. The paper outlines that as long as Russian legislation lacks specific rules addressing sustainability in the Russian Arctic, it would be difficult for the government to implement international principles of sustainable development across this territory.
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S Mackenzie, John, and Lisa Adams. "Australian Biosecurity CRC for Emerging Infectious Diseases (AB-CRC)." Microbiology Australia 24, no. 2 (2003): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03238.
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The Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease (AB-CRC) was a successful applicant under the Federal Government?s 2002 CRC programme, and will be formally established from July 2003. The aim of the AB-CRC is to protect Australia?s health, livestock, wildlife and economic resources by developing new capabilities to monitor, assess, predict and respond to emerging and exotic disease threats which impact on national and regional biosecurity. Emerging diseases are defined as those which are novel, previously unrecognised diseases, or those which are increasing in incidence or geographic range. The threats may be natural, accidental (such as an infected traveller) or deliberate (as in bioterrorism).
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Preble, Kristen, and Bradford Benggio. "MANAGING THE RESOURCE CONSULTATION PROCESS: A CASE STUDY FROM THE JIREH GROUNDING RESPONSE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.686.
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ABSTRACT The grounding of the 202-foot freight vessel JIREH, which occurred on June 21, 2012 on the Mona Island Natural Reserve in Puerto Rico, triggered a three month long response in what is arguably the most environmentally sensitive location in Puerto Rico and much of the Caribbean. Prior to, during, and after the response, the Federal On-Scene Coordinator worked closely with United States Government and Commonwealth of Puerto Rico agencies to ensure all natural and historic resource consultation mandates required under Federal law were initiated properly. This paper explores how the Endangered Species Act, Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, and National Historic Preservation Act consultation requirements were applied before the JIREH response through development of the Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands Area Contingency Plan, during the response through multiple informal Emergency Consultations, and post-response through Formal Consultations. This examination will serve to highlight, through the lens of the JIREH response, the complexities of pre-planning for resource consultations, the challenges experienced by the Federal On-Scene Coordinator during an event, and provide recommendations to ensure resource consultation requirements are applied consistently and transparently in the future.
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Nikonorov, S., S. Tyaglov, and K. Sitkina. "Application of green financing of green economy in Russia." Management and Business Administration, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/2075-1826-2021-2-54-61.
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In our study, from a theoretical and practical standpoint, the directions of green financing in various elements of the green economy were analyzed. In Russia, by the beginning of 2015, the portfolio of investment projects in the field of renewable energy sources amounted to more than 100 billion rubles. Until 2025, the Ministry of Natural Resources intends to attract about 3.5 trillion rubles in the development of renewable energy sources. In January 2019, the national project «Ecology» was approved in Russia, where 19.9% is government funding, the rest is a great potential for the development of green financing for all 11 Federal Projects, especially BAT. The article presents successful green finance projects in Russia and abroad.
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Omodero, Cordelia Onyinyechi. "External Debt Financing and Public Capital Investment in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation." Economics and Business 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2019-0008.
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Abstract This study considers the consequences of external loan on capital investment in Nigeria. Data for the study have been collected from the World Bank and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2018 edition. The variables on which data are sourced include government capital expenditure, external debt accumulation, debt servicing cost, inflation rate, and exchange rate. Government capital expenditure is the dependent variable, while external debt accumulation and debt servicing cost are the key independent variables. Inflation and exchange rates are used as the moderating variables. The scope of the study covers the period from 1996 to 2018 and the data are analysed using the ordinary least squares multiple regression method. The regression results indicate that external debt has a significant negative impact on capital investment while debt servicing cost has a strong and significant positive effect on capital investment. Under this circumstance, the controlling variables are not significant in influencing capital investment. Hence, the study suggests more focus on profitable capital investments if external borrowing must be embarked upon. The need for the development of untapped natural resources, establishment of industries and revival of abandoned industries to boost debt repayment has been emphasized. The study also strongly recommends that the existing governments (state and federal) should endeavour to complete capital projects of past administrations in order to drive the economy and to avoid wastage of financial resources including the borrowed funds.
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Mitchell, PhD, David, and Claire Connolly Knox, PhD. "Adding insult to injury: The fiscal impact of a failed FEMA disaster reimbursement system upon Florida municipalities." Journal of Emergency Management 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0510.
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The financial aspects of natural disasters test fiscal solvency by draining municipal reserves and diverting funds from vital operations until Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reimbursements arrive, if they arrive. With record-breaking natural disasters, the resulting fiscal strain is hampering nearly every community’s effort to increase resiliency. Without systemically assessing the financial responses to natural disasters at the local government level, we are perpetuating the paradox of government disaster policy making and decreasing our community’s resiliency. This study bridges the gap between the financial management and disaster recovery literatures by applying resource dependency theory to an exploratory case study of local emergency managers and city managers in Central Florida following hurricanes Matthew, Irma, and Michael. Collectively, the respondents describe the reactive and dependent nature of the current federalist approach to natural disaster financial management practices; which ultimately threatens fiscal viability for many American communities.
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Townshend, H. W. Roger, and Michael McClurg. "The Duty to Consult and Accommodate Aboriginal Peoples: A Primer for Ontario Surveyors Working in Resources Development." GEOMATICA 68, no. 1 (March 2014): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2014-002.
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Aboriginal law has developed to require Aboriginal peoples to be “consulted and accommodated” if their rights may be impacted by a government decision, including a government permit or approval of a project of a private proponent. For example, hunting rights often exist throughout a First Nation’s treaty or traditional territory (i.e. far beyond the limits of reserves), and the duty to consult and accommodate can be triggered by mining and other resource development. Contrary to the common understanding of some of those unfamiliar with this area of law, this duty applies not only to activities undertaken under federal authorization, but also to those under provincial authorization. The Crown’s “duty to consult and accommodate” Aboriginal peoples has become a central theme in the discussion of natural resource development in Canada. In response to various decisions of Canadian courts, the Government of Ontario significantly overhauled its Mining Act in 2009 to provide for some consultation with Aboriginal communities. Those changes came in to effect in the spring of 2013. This paper will describe the constitutional duty to consult as it has been described and elaborated on by courts in Canada and some of the implications it has for resource extraction in Ontario. It will then undertake a case study discussing Ontario’s attempt to respond to its duty to consult by amending the Mining Act regime. Finally, the paper will consider the flaws in the Mining Act and the reasons that exploration companies and surveyors working for them should be prudent and pro-active when undertaking intrusive activities in the traditional territories of Aboriginal peoples.
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Ecker, S., A. Karafilis, and R. Taylor. "Challenges of the Blackwood Basin, Western Australia." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0504.
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Growing concern about the declining state of the catchment and river led to the formation of the Blackwood Basin Group in 1992. Funded primarily by the Natural Heritage Trust and using the river as the focus, the group aims to provide leadership and support to achieve sustainable management of natural resources in the catchment. Through an Integrated Catchment Management approach, the Blackwood Basin Group has managed a range of projects to improve the community's understanding and management of the Blackwood River and its catchment. A number of research, education, demonstration and on-ground action activities relating to river management have been undertaken in partnership with community and local, state and federal government organisations. Activities include demonstrations and evaluations of riparian restoration, funding riparian restoration activities, protection of high conservation value remnant vegetation, a flood risk study, zone action planning and monitoring the condition of the river and its tributaries.
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Meden, N. K. "Problem of Production of Shale Gas in Germany." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(34) (February 28, 2014): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-106-112.
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A bstract: Our magazine publishes a series of articles on shale gas in different countries. This article is about Germany, a main importer of Russian natural gas, so a perspective of exploitation of local shale gas resources is of a clear practical importance for Russia. We discuss external and internal factors which determine position of the German government concerning the shale gas excavation: policy of the USA and the EU, positions of German political parties, influence of the lobbying communities and civic associations. The article contains rich information on vast variety of interests of actors in the domestic discussion. Taking into account the importance of civil society for political decisions, the author rests upon public relations of big companies, their methodic and results. The article summarizes data on reserve estimation and current geological projects, as well all the officially published reports concerning environmental threats cased by fracking technology. On the base of the above analyze, the author predicts possible evolution of the federal government policy.
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Amberg, Ann. "Media Review: Camp Forgotten/Big Shoulders, By William Jamerson." Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 7, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v7i2.3625.
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The Civilian Conservation Corps, a Depression-era federal program founded in 1933 as part of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal, provides a unique example of a successful partnership-based government program. The CCC provided a win-win solution linking the needs of families experiencing poverty and unemployment with innovative approaches to land restoration. The young men who enrolled in the camps helped to restore natural resources, build roads and park structures, fight fires, and plant trees. They worked hard for their earnings, building confidence and self-respect, and matured from boys to men. This is a review of the documentary film Camp Forgotten: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Michigan, and the historical novel Big Shoulders, both by Bill Jamerson.
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Shah, R. K. "Fiscal Federalism Model in Nepal: An Analytical Study." Tribhuvan University Journal 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v30i2.25559.
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The Constitution of Nepal as Federal Democratic Republic was promulgated on September 20, 2015 by the second CA. The primary objective of this study is to review the modality presented in the new constitution on the natural resources, economic rights and revenue allocation. The study finds that the fiscal decentralization initiatives have not been successful in minimizing the political, social, economic, regional and ethnic inequalities inherent for nearly 240 years of a unitary system of governance in Nepal. The study recommends that VAT and income taxes will have to be collected concurrently at both the central and sub-national levels. Other taxes including excise duties will have to be collected by the sub-national governments which will support the expenditure responsibilities of the sub national governments adequately in federal Nepal. Intergovernmental transfer modality has to be included in the constitution. National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission (NNRFC) have been constituted at the central level to make national level development plans and to make recommendations for additional grants and loans. A State Planning Commission (SPC) and a State Fiscal Commission (SFC) can be established in each state to prepare state development plans and to deal with the transfers to be made to local bodies.
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Aladeitan, Olanrewaju, and Obiageli Phina Anaghara-Uzor. "Critical Legal issues in the Nigerian Gas to Power Contractual Arrangements." Global Energy Law and Sustainability 2, no. 2 (August 2021): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gels.2021.0054.
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The natural gas and power sectors are pivotal sectors of the Nigerian economy with reflective effect on its gross domestic product. The Federal Government in its gas revolution agenda is taking giant strides to reposition the sector to more adequately harness its abundant natural gas resources and ensure availability of natural gas to the domestic market with the gas supply to the power sector being regulated to build base load volumes to ensure stable electricity supply to its citizens. The synergic connection of the gas and power sectors can only validly exist upon legitimate contractual arrangements such as the gas sale and purchase agreement, the gas transport agreement and the gas sale aggregation agreement which is unique to Nigerian domestic gas industry. Out of these arrangements flow pertinent legal issues which define clearly the relations between the parties. This paper therefore throws more light on some of these salient issues which arise pursuant to the respective agreements. It is hoped that this discourse would guide and further facilitate a deeper understanding of these critical terms.
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Stroeva, G. N. "Development of the cultural sphere in strategic planning documents for the regions of the Far-Eastern federal district." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 94, no. 1 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2021-94-1-45-56.
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At the legislative level, it is established that the culture of Russia, as well as natural resources, is the property of the country and an important resource for the socio-economic development of all its territories and improving the quality of life of the population. Improving the management process and strategic planning of development of the sphere of culture is due to the need for more efficient use of public finances and the level of investment attractiveness of the industry. Strategic planning tools play an important role in optimizing the process of managing of the sphere of culture. The analysis of state programs and strategies sections of the socio-economic development of the eleven regions of FEFD on the development of the sphere of culture, revealed the structural and methodological problems of the development of regional strategic planning documents in the sphere of culture. The main problems include: inconsistency of the structure and content of strategies and programs with methodical instructions (recommendations) and the procedure for their development; lack of a unified methodological approach to understanding the essence and basic components of strategies and programs; lack of a unified approach to the number, composition and presentation of target indicators; insufficient level of interconnection of regional strategic planning documents. A serious problem in the development of strategies and programs is the lack of uniform requirements for indicators for assessing the implementation of strategic goals and objectives, measures of government programs, as well as an interconnected system for assessing strategic planning documents developed at different levels of management. Differences in the structural elements and inconsistencies with the stated criteria are noted in the reviewed documents of all FEFD regions. The main reason for the discrepancy – is the lack of a unified methodology for the development of both regional strategies and government programs.
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Schmidt, Glen. "Resource Development in Canada’s North." Journal of Comparative Social Work 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 174–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v9i2.116.
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The growth of global economies, particularly in Asia, has resulted in an increased demand for natural resources. Canada is a large country rich in hydrocarbons and minerals, and the exploitation of these resources is a priority for Canadian provincial and federal governments. In their rush to reap the economic benefits of resource development, governments have concentrated on creating optimal conditions for the corporations that exploit and produce the resources in northern and remote regions of the country. The rapid promotion of development has meant that families and communities are usually given secondary consideration. The changes associated with resource development exert some serious negative effects on communities and families, and it is important for social workers to understand this reality in order to deliver service in an effective manner.This research used a case study method to examine three examples of the effects of resource development on families and communities in Canada: long distance commuting to the Athabaska oil sands and the effects on families in Newfoundland, diamond mining and the Tlicho people of Wekwee´ti´ in the Northwest Territories, and the large influx of construction workers to develop the processing and port facilities in the community of Kitimat in northwestern British Columbia. The results can inform social work education, as well as the practice of social workers located in remote communities affected by rapid resource development.
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Fenge, Terry. "Conservation of Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, and the Emerging Comprehensive Conservation Policy for Northern Canada." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 3 (1985): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015964.
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During 1975 to 1984, a particularly divisive debate accompanied proposals to conserve Polar Bear Pass, NWT. Virtually all interests that participated in the debate supported a more comprehensive approach towards conservation of natural areas than had hitherto prevailed, and criticized the ad hoc manner in which conservation proposals were being handled by the Federal Government of Canada.Chastened by the experience with Polar Bear Pass, and suffering land-use allocation problems in many locations, the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development responded with a Northern Land-use Planning Policy (Diand, 1981a, 1981b), and is now developing a comprehensive conservation policy.Future conservation reserves in northern Canada are likely to be established as a result of regional land-use planning. It is important, however, that conservation of natural areas in both Territories support northern political development and devolution of resource management authority to northern governments, and settlement of landclaims made by native peoples.
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Thomas, Jack Ward. "Trends in forest management in the United States." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70546-5.
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Changes in forestry practices in the United States have been dramatic over the past decade. These changes have been brought about largely through government regulations promulgated in response to pressure from environmental and other groups at both federal and state levels. Historically, the federal government has taken leadership in forest stewardship, though some states have demonstrated strong initiatives over the years. Two separate, but intertwined, factors combined to alter the practice of forestry over much of the United States. There were the interactive consequences of obedience to national environmental laws, passed in the 1960s and 1970s, and a rising environmental consciousness among the majority of the minority of the citizenry who care about natural resource issues. Rising public concern was focussed in challenges in the federal courts to government forest management activities, and in terms of public relations campaigns using lobbying, demonstrations, and manipulation of the mass media. In July of 1993, President Clinton selected an option for management of federal forests in the Pacific Northwest section of the United States that dedicated 9.28 million acres (3.75 million hectares) of federal forests to reserves to be managed for late-successional/old-growth ecosystem function and riparian/fisheries protection. This reduced the anticipated timber sale levels from the 2.4 billion board feet (5.7 million m3) cut annually in 1990-1992, to 1.2 billion board feet (2.8 million m3) projected for 1994. There is an ongoing shift in management philosophy toward "ecosystem management" of forested lands with increasing attention to aesthetics and more benign environmental effects of timber management.
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Stone, Mark. "Application and regulation of hydraulic stimulation across the states and territories." APPEA Journal 56, no. 1 (2016): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15038.
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Hydraulic stimulation, to increase the productivity of petroleum and geothermal wells, has been applied onshore in Australia for more than 50 years. While most states and territories have employed hydraulic stimulation, the most significant application has been in SA and Queensland, driven by the development of significant gas resources in the Cooper-Eromanga and Bowen-Surat provinces. In Queensland, some 500 wells have been hydraulically stimulated in the past five years, driven by the appraisal and development of coal seam gas (CSG) resources. As global and domestic demand for natural gas continues to grow, and in light of the recent start-up of Queensland’s liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports, industry will continue to optimise discovered resources while identifying new supply in under-explored basins and plays. Australia has substantial onshore prospective and contingent gas resources, a significant proportion of which are held in shale and tight sands. Commercialising this gas, at volumes sufficient to underpin associated major investment, will require the extensive application of hydraulic stimulation. The federal government and all states and territories bar Queensland have completed independent or parliamentary inquiries into hydraulic stimulation or unconventional gas development in general. A moratorium on hydraulic stimulation presently exists in Victoria and Tasmania. This paper summarises the historic application of hydraulic stimulation onshore Australia, the legislation presently in place to regulate and manage the activity, and a hypothetical scenario of the application of hydraulic stimulation to explore for and develop shale and tight gas resources at a field scale.
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Nwaobiala, CU, and CK Osondu. "Assessment of participation and poverty levels of IFAD/NDDC/community- based natural resource programme farmers in Abia state, Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2015): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i2.23.
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Participation and poverty levels of IFAD/NDDC/Community-Based Natural Resource Management Programme farmers in Abia State were studied and assessed in 2012. Purposive and multistage random sampling techniques were used in the selection of Local Government Areas, participating communities, farmer groups and participating farmers. The sample size was 120 participating farmers. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and poverty analysis. The result indicated that IFAD participating farmers were actively involved in crop (M= 4.7), livestock (M= 3.8), fisheries (M= 3.7) and apiary (M= 3.4) technologies of the programme. The results of poverty indices of IFAD farmers showed that the poverty incidence was 33.33% and poverty gap (21.87%). Also, 2.5%, 20.83% and 76.67% of IFAD farmers were extremely poor, moderately poor and non-poor respectively. It is therefore recommended that policies aimed at timely supply of farm inputs since farming is time bound, replication of the programme to other communities and prompt payment of counterpart funds by federal, state and local governments were advocated for poverty reduction in the rural areas.Key words: Assessment, Participation, Poverty, IFAD, Farmers
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Silva do Carmo Previdelli, Maria de Fatima, and Luiz Eduardo Simões de Souza. "Environmental Policy in Brazil after the 2016 Coup: An Analysis of Government Expenditure." Management and Economics Research Journal 4, no. 2 (2018): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2018.04.670142.
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An emerging power since the last decade and a participant in BRICS—a bloc composed of Russia, China, India, and South Africa—Brazil would be the weakest link of an opposition to U.S. hegemony in the world order established since 1991 with the end of the Cold War. The 13-year advances of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s reformist and progressive government, continued by his successor Dilma Rousseff, appear to have reached a tolerance limit regarding the retrograde domestic forces and outside interests of the metropolitan center. The coup happened in 2016, following a two-year process of political and economic destabilization of the government. This paper seeks to show, through the exposition of an earlier history and the analyzed narrative of the events, besides the analysis of the federal public expenditures, that this movement of linkage and regression occurred in the ambit of issues related to the environment. The coup government launched in 2016 has abandoned any environmental policy, is interested in dissolving the institutional framework established after 20 years of insertion of Brazil in the global debate on the environment, and does not even supervise and protect the country’s natural resources, in an attitude characteristic of a state of exception.
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Miller, Michelle. "The Difficulties and Promise of an Interagency Public Information Campaign for Water Quality Issues." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0404.
Full textAbstract:
The following case study addresses the difficulties and promise of developing a statewide interagency public information campaign to raise general awareness of water quality issues and governmental programs to address them. Due to only moderate success of voluntary programs to curb nonpoint source pollution, agencies are looking toward information and education programs to motivate the public toward conservation behavior. One of the biggest obstacles in developing an effective information/education program is institutional barriers to interagency cooperation, mirroring difficulties local conservationists encounter in their work to restore and maintain water quality at the watershed level. Cooperation between federal agencies, and resource commitment to public information is necessary at the federal level, as well as state and local levels. Agencies involved to date include the United States Department of Agriculture-Soil Conservation Service; Wisconsin State Departments of Natural Resources, and Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection and Administration; University of Wisconsin-Extension; Wisconsin Land Conservation Association.