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1

Mulwafu, Wapulumuka. "The Interface of Christianity and Conservation in Colonial Malawi, C. 1850-1930." Journal of Religion in Africa 34, no. 3 (2004): 298–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570066041725420.

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AbstractThe study of the relationship between religion and the environment in Malawi has only recently begun to be appreciated. Christian missionaries in general did not actively promote the campaign for conservation of resources but some early missionaries frequently evoked biblical images and ideas that had a strong bearing on the perception and management of the environment. Later, certain religious groups were vocal in their support for or opposition to state-sponsored conservation schemes in the colonial period. This paper demonstrates that African religious beliefs and customs equally played a critical role in creating a set of ideas about conservation and the environment. The study is part of an effort to recover some early voices promoting conservation of natural resources in the country. It thus addresses the issues of religion and conservation as critical in the initial encounter between Europeans and Africans.
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Njaya, Friday, Katherine A. Snyder, Daniel Jamu, John Wilson, Clive Howard-Williams, Edward H. Allison, and Neil L. Andrew. "The natural history and fisheries ecology of Lake Chilwa, southern Malawi." Journal of Great Lakes Research 37 (January 2011): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2010.09.008.

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3

Laakkonen, Simo, and Richard Tucker. "War and Natural Resources in History: Introduction." Global Environment 5, no. 10 (January 1, 2012): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2012.051002.

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4

Giacomin, Valeria. "Natural resources and economic growth. Learning from history." Business History 60, no. 6 (October 5, 2017): 933–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2017.1376391.

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5

Calantropio, A., F. Chiabrando, J. Comino, A. M. Lingua, P. F. Maschio, and T. Juskauskas. "UP4DREAM CAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT: UAS BASED MAPPING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2021 (June 30, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2021-65-2021.

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Abstract. UP4DREAM (UAV Photogrammetry for Developing Resilience and Educational Activities in Malawi) is a cooperative project cofounded by ISPRS between the Polytechnic University of Turin and the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) Malawi, with the support of two local Universities (Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Mzuzu University), and Agisoft LLC (for the use of their photogrammetry and computer vision software suite). Malawi is a flood-prone landlocked country constantly facing natural and health challenges, which prevent the country's sustainable socio-economic development. Frequent naturals shocks leave vulnerable communities food insecure. Moreover, Malawi suffers from high rates of HIV, as well as it has endemic malaria. The UP4DREAM project focuses on one of the drone project's critical priorities in Malawi (Imagery). It aims to start a capacity-building initiative in line with other mapping missions in developing countries, focusing on the realization and management of large-scale cartography (using GIS - Geographic Information Systems) and on the generation of 3D products based on the UAV-acquired data. The principal aim of UP4DREAM is to ensure that local institutions, universities, researchers, service companies, and manufacturers operating in the humanitarian drone corridor, established by UNICEF in 2017, will have the proper knowledge and understanding of the photogrammetry and spatial information best practices, to perform large-scale aerial data acquisition, processing, share and manage in the most efficient, cost-effective and scientifically rigorous way.
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6

Green, Erik. "Modern Agricultural History in Malawi: Perspectives on Policy-Choice Explanations." African Studies Review 50, no. 3 (December 2007): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2008.0034.

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Abstract:Development research is often associated with issues of policy. Researchers aim to increase our contextual and theoretical knowledge to enhance the creation of “good” development policies. One way of doing this is to identify and learn from harmful policies of the past. The objective of this article is to examine such policy-choice explanations by looking at the dominant understandings of the modern history of agriculture in Malawi. These perspectives share the view that the high level of rural poverty is, to a great extent, an outcome of the agricultural policies implemented by the colonial and postcolonial governments. Of crucial importance are the mechanisms whereby the state actively tried to transfer resources from the smallholder sector to the state or to the estate sector. This had a negative impact on the production capacity of the smallholder sector. This article notes that the focus on policies alone is not a sufficient approach to understand the dynamics and limitations of the smallholder sector. The article also points to some methodological weaknesses with policy-choice explanations that are relevant for development research in general.
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7

Zulu, Leo Charles. "Neoliberalization, decentralization and community-based natural resources management in Malawi: The first sixteen years and looking ahead." Progress in Development Studies 12, no. 2-3 (June 28, 2012): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146499341101200307.

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This article reviews the paradoxical gap between theory/policy and reality from 16 years of community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) in Malawi’s fisheries, forestry and wildlife sectors, focusing on influences of imported neoliberal blueprints. The article argues that CBNRM has created shifting institutional hybridities melding neoliberal principles and modern institutions with neo-patrimonial institutions, producing more challenges than opportunities. Recent gains and bias toward revenue generation have not been matched by practical measures for ecological sustainability. Synthesis of trends, challenges, lessons and opportunities through an institutional choice lens contributes to understanding of relative costs and benefits of CBNRM in delivering ecological and socio-economic goals.
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8

Cook, Joseph A., Scott V. Edwards, Eileen A. Lacey, Robert P. Guralnick, Pamela S. Soltis, Douglas E. Soltis, Corey K. Welch, et al. "Natural History Collections as Emerging Resources for Innovative Education." BioScience 64, no. 8 (July 30, 2014): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biu096.

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9

Spary, E. C. ""Peaches Which the Patriarchs Lacked": Natural History, Natural Resources, and the Natural Economy in France." History of Political Economy 35, Suppl 1 (January 1, 2003): 14–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-35-suppl_1-14.

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10

Englund, Harri. "CHRISTIAN INDEPENDENCY AND GLOBAL MEMBERSHIP: PENTECOSTAL EXTRAVERSIONS IN MALAWI." Journal of Religion in Africa 33, no. 1 (2003): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006603765626721.

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AbstractRecent scholarship on Pentecostalism in Africa has debated issues of transnationalism, globalisation and localisation. Building on Bayart's notion of extraversion, this scholarship has highlighted Pentecostals' far-flung networks as resources in the growth and consolidation of particular movements and leaders. This article examines strategies of extraversion among independent Pentecostal churches. The aim is less to assess the historical validity of claims to independency than to account for its appeal as a popular idiom. The findings from fieldwork in a Malawian township show that half of the Pentecostal churches there regard themselves as 'independent'. Although claims to independency arise from betrayals of the Pentecostal promise of radical equality in the Holy Spirit, independency does sustain Pentecostals' desire for membership in a global community of believers. Pentecostal independency thus provides a perspective on African engagements with the apparent marginalisation of the sub-continent in the contemporary world. Two contrasting cases of Pentecostal independency reveal similar aspirations and point out the need to appreciate the religious forms of extraversion. Crucial to Pentecostal extraversions are believers' attempts to subject themselves to a spiritually justified hierarchy.
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11

Werner, Karolina. "Zambia: Governance and Natural Resources." Revue Gouvernance 13, no. 2 (March 27, 2017): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039239ar.

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This paper analyzes the natural resources governance framework in Zambia. The research is the result of a broader project on natural resource governance with interviews performed in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the paper is to identify the gaps and inconsistencies within the Zambian natural resource policy framework, in an effort to broaden the understanding of how governance of the sector may be streamlined and optimized. It further offers suggestions on how other sectors, such as education, may be central to the development of a more successful natural resource framework. The paper focuses on Zambia as a country with a long history of mining and a relatively stable political environment, yet one in which tensions between government and the private sector remain, and policies on natural resource extraction which have been particularly volatile in recent years.
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Abdullah, Shahino Mah. "Smart Energy Consumption Could Preserve Natural Resources." ICR Journal 8, no. 3 (July 15, 2017): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v8i3.183.

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Energy plays an important role in our lives. It comes in several forms which can be utilised to keep people warm during cold weather, provide foods, improve transportation, and increase productivity. When energy is utilised efficiently, it brings great comfort to our lives. However, energy consumption has been increasing in recent decades as the world population keeps growing. According to a United Nation (UN) report, the current world population of 7.4 billion is projected to increase by 1 billion over the next 10 years and reach 9.6 billion by 2050. Besides population, the standards of living for many people in developing countries is increasing, which in turn results in growing energy demand.
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Nanay, Bence. "Natural selection and the limitations of environmental resources." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 41, no. 4 (December 2010): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.10.007.

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14

Johnson, Kristin. "Natural history as stamp collecting: a brief history." Archives of Natural History 34, no. 2 (October 2007): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2007.34.2.244.

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The endeavour of natural history has often been ridiculed as “mere stamp collecting” by those unwilling to see anything scientific in naturalists' work. This paper traces some of the ways the term “stamp collecting” has been used in scientific literature. It discusses how the term can be seen as a reflection of the changing methodological context in which science has been done in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It also points to the importance of considering the relative status of certain sciences not as a problem of what type of science is better or more important but as a problem of scientific communities competing for both resources and prestige.
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15

Kesselman, Steven. "The Delicate Balance: Human Values and Iowa's Natural Resources." Journal of American History 79, no. 1 (June 1992): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2078480.

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16

Bender, Matthew V. "BEING ‘CHAGGA’: NATURAL RESOURCES, POLITICAL ACTIVISM, AND IDENTITY ON KILIMANJARO." Journal of African History 54, no. 2 (July 2013): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853713000273.

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AbstractThis article argues that the emergence of Chagga political identity on Mount Kilimanjaro in the 1940s and 1950s can best be understood as a product of intensive debates over the control of natural resources and the nature of chiefly authority. As a result of perceived threats to the land and water resources of the mountain and resentment of the role of the chiefs in these issues, grassroots activists adopted a language of unity using the ethnic term ‘Chagga’ – a moniker long used by the colonial state but eschewed by the general population. With the rise of a paramount chieftaincy in 1951, the term shifted from being a symbol of colonial rule to one of common identity and resistance against the encroachment of the colonial state in local affairs.
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17

SAUL, BEN. "China, Natural Resources, Sovereignty and International Law." Asian Studies Review 37, no. 2 (June 2013): 196–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2013.769497.

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18

STABLES, ANDREW. "Making Meaning and Using Natural Resources: Education and Sustainability." Journal of Philosophy of Education 44, no. 1 (February 2010): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2010.00749.x.

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19

Kouri, Emilio H., and Sheldon Annis. "Poverty, Natural Resources, and Public Policy in Central America." Hispanic American Historical Review 74, no. 1 (February 1994): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517485.

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20

Kourí, Emilio H. "Poverty, Natural Resources, and Public Policy in Central America." Hispanic American Historical Review 74, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-74.1.181.

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21

Leydon, Geraldine M. "A Natural History of Family Cancer: Interactional Resources for Managing Illness." Sociology of Health & Illness 32, no. 6 (September 27, 2010): 974–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01264_7.x.

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22

Bradshaw, Michael, and Richard Connolly. "Russia’s Natural Resources in the World Economy: history, review and reassessment." Eurasian Geography and Economics 57, no. 6 (November 2016): 700–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2016.1254055.

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23

Sheng-kui, CHENG, SHEN Lei, FENG Zhi-ming, and ZHONG Shuai. "The development history and prospect of natural resources research in China." JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 35, no. 8 (2020): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20200801.

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24

Tykarski, Piotr. "Natural data resources of Polish scientific institutions - variety, history, importance - introduction." Kosmos 70, no. 2 (September 12, 2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36921/kos.2021_2798.

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25

Talakvadze, Givi, Zurab Lomsadze, and Joseph Archvadze. "PRIORITIES AND RESOURCES OF GEORGIA: MYTHS, HISTORY, PERSPECTIVES." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 8(27) (2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2020/8(27)/13.

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The article deals with issues related to the study of the main socio-economic priorities of Georgia. The brief historical review refutes the widely circulated thesis that during the Soviet period the Georgian Republic allegedly consumed much more goods than it produced; that per capita incomes were calculated astronomically. The issues of the current state of the country's resource supply were also considered. The concept of integral resources is used and it is proposed to combine a number of traditional and newly formed group of potential opportunities over the past decades into a single category of the so-called. "Partial resources", which, along with traditional types - natural, human and material resources, allow the most complete and comprehensive characterization of the possibility of their use for solving urgent socio-economic problems of the country. Particular attention is paid to the current state of Georgia's natural resources on the example of a brief analysis of mineral resources with an emphasis, in particular, on the resources of building and facing materials. In order to improve the efficiency of managing economic processes, it is proposed to radically improve the activities of ministries and departments of the country by switching to the so-called "Project management system" of the entire economic and economic complex of Georgia. The main feature of this system is associated with the introduction of a three-level classification of the main projects, which will be assigned National, Sectoral and Regional levels, depending on their scale and characteristic features. This will allow developing specific programs for the rational use of natural resources, to optimize the management system at all levels of authorities, to introduce innovative models of sustainable management, intended to significantly improve the living standards of the population of Georgia.
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Bayramov, Agha. "Review: Dubious nexus between natural resources and conflict." Journal of Eurasian Studies 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2017.12.006.

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What has been identified as, according to the relevant literature, the relationship between natural resources and conflict? In what ways are natural resources used to trigger conflict and instability? Who are the main players and actors in resource conflicts? To address these questions, this article critically reviews the main theoretical and empirical works on conflict, natural resources, abundancy and scarcity. In doing so, the article aims to update the existing discussion with the latest literatures, which is more skeptical about the relationship between natural resources and conflict. Constructively, the main objective of this review is to explain that in spite the diverse arguments on show; there is a systematic shortcoming in the existing literature. In doing so the article illustrates persistent research shortcomings and difficulties in the theoretical and empirical arguments that have been put forward so far.
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Banks, R. E. R. "Resources for the History of Science in the Libraries of the British Museum (Natural History)." British Journal for the History of Science 21, no. 1 (March 1988): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400024407.

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Alfred Waterhouse's ornate Romanesque building at South Kensington, London, has contained the natural history collections of the British Museum since 1881. First opened to the public on Easter Monday, 18 April, in that year, the British Museum (Natural History) (BM(NH)) has become well-known for the excellence of its exhibition galleries, particularly for its dinosaurs, blue whale, and, more recently, for its revolutionary Hall of Human Biology.
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Polyakov, V. V. "Natural (natural resource) capital: development and essential content of the concept." Economy and ecology of territorial educations 5, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2413-1474-2021-5-3-15-23.

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The capital-forming function of natural resources is currently not questioned within the frame-work of various directions of economic thought. However, the process of realizing their role and place in the reproductive process has a rather long history. In this context, the article presents the author's view on the genesis and development of the concept of natural capital from the first attempts to identify the participation of natural resources in the process of value formation to modern approaches to postulating the essential content of this capital’s form and identifying its constituent elements.
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Kay, Jeanne, and Craig J. Brown. "Mormon beliefs about land and natural resources, 1847–1877." Journal of Historical Geography 11, no. 3 (July 1985): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-7488(85)80002-5.

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30

Dodsworth, Ashley. "‘Freedom of the seas’: Woodrow Wilson and natural resources." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 16, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14794012.2018.1521898.

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31

Smith, Rebecca L. "Denver Museum of Natural History Prehistoric JourneySm: Teacher Resources and School Programs." Paleontological Society Papers 2 (October 1996): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600003259.

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Prehistoric Journey, the museum's newest permanent exhibition, offers students and teachers the opportunity to explore the history of life on Earth through spectacular fossil specimens, interactive exhibits, and re-created environments depicting crucial points in life's history. A rich array of educational resources and programs are offered in conjunction with this exhibition. Opportunities for K-12 students include guided and unguided visits for school groups, Classroom Adventures on prehistoric subjects, an outreach assembly program, and the Prehistoric Universe show in Gates Planetarium. Teacher resources include teacher workshops, the comprehensive Prehistoric Journey Educators' Sourcebook, the Prehistoric Journey Previsit Video for Teachers (including portions for students in Spanish), and the Prehistoric Journey: A History of Life on Earth exhibit book. Prehistoric Journey educational materials and programs are correlated with the Colorado Standards for Science Teaching. All of these resources and programs, ordering information, and registration procedures are described in the museum school brochure which is mailed to Colorado schools and teachers in August (with an update in January). If you are not currently receiving this brochure, please call (303) 370-6314 to be placed on the mailing list.
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32

Yergin, Daniel, Robert G. Jensen, Theodore Shabad, and Arthur W. Wright. "Soviet Natural Resources in the World Economy." Russian Review 45, no. 3 (July 1986): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/130119.

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33

Becker, Bidtah N. "The Lawyer’s Guidebook for the Expert Witness in Natural Resources Litigation." Public Historian 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2015.37.1.95.

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This essay provides an attorney’s view of working with expert witnesses preparing for and eventually testifying at trials concerning natural resources and environmental matters. Set against the backdrop of the Navajo Nation and the litigation realities it faces, the essay is an insider’s view of trial work and what the expert should expect from lawyers and the courts and what the lawyers and courts expect from the expert witness. Although the emphasis is as a practical guide for those interested in expert work, it also provides commentary on the ongoing conversation between the legal community and the history academy over the appropriateness of the legal community’s role as historians.
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34

Miller, Sara E., Lisa N. Barrow, Sean M. Ehlman, Jessica A. Goodheart, Stephen E. Greiman, Holly L. Lutz, Tracy M. Misiewicz, et al. "Building Natural History Collections for the Twenty-First Century and Beyond." BioScience 70, no. 8 (July 15, 2020): 674–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa069.

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Abstract Natural history collections (NHCs) are important resources for a diverse array of scientific fields. Recent digitization initiatives have broadened the user base of NHCs, and new technological innovations are using materials generated from collections to address novel scientific questions. Simultaneously, NHCs are increasingly imperiled by reductions in funding and resources. Ensuring that NHCs continue to serve as a valuable resource for future generations will require the scientific community to increase their contribution to and acknowledgement of collections. We provide recommendations and guidelines for scientists to support NHCs, focusing particularly on new users that may be unfamiliar with collections. We hope that this perspective will motivate debate on the future of NHCs and the role of the scientific community in maintaining and improving biological collections.
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Ahsan, Rakhshan, Afsheen Masood, Rabiah Sherwani, and Hafiza Khushbakhat. "Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes on Natural Fibers: An Eco-Friendly Perspective." Review of Education, Administration & LAW 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v3i1.22.

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Dyes derived from natural resources like plant leaves, roots, bark, fruits, stem, insect secretions, and minerals were the only dyes available in the history of mankind for dyeing textiles. The first discovery of the synthetic dyes dates back to 1856.Due to the industrialization and globalization, the use of the synthetic dyes has increased in past century. The variety in hue, shades and economic benefits of synthetic dyes have declined gradually and slowly. However, the environmental threats and health hazards to humans have pushed them to the old and natural dyeing resources. Textiles colored with natural dyes are preferred by eco-friendly buyers. Today there is a niche market for such textiles. This paper reviews the available floral, trees, leave, barks, herbs, etc resources, application and extraction of colorants from different natural dyes, and effect of different mordents.
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Khonje, Lameck Zetu, Felix Bello, and Michael Bennett Sepula. "Sustainable Environmental Practices in Malawian Hotels." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10(1), no. 10(1) (February 28, 2021): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-106.

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This paper discusses the governance practices in the Malawi tourism and hospitality sector and their impact on the sustainability of natural resources. The focus of this paper is the National Tourism Policy (NTP) for Malawi and how central and local government structures enforce it to promote environmental sustainability practices in hotels. The paper uses a Case Study approach whereby the Sogecoa Golden Peacock Hotel and the Sunbird Mount Soche Hotel are used to explore how the NTP has ensured sustainable environmental practices are followed. A qualitative research method was used through semi-structured interviews to secure the perceptions of key informants. Through a Grounded Theory analysis, the findings revealed that the NTP does not facilitate the enforcement of sustainable environmental practices. Furthermore, because of this shortfall in the NTP, hotels do not have an environmental management policy to promote sustainable environmental practices. This paper, therefore, recommends an urgent need to revise the NTP and introduce sustainable environmental management guidelines in order for the hotel sector to emulate. It is further recommended that hotel managers should have a thorough understanding of environmental sustainability to ensure that the industry addresses negative environmental impacts.
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Kattumuri, Ruth. "Sustaining natural resources in a changing environment: evidence, policy and impact." Contemporary Social Science 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2017.1418903.

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38

Pensky, Max. "Natural History and Aesthetic Truth in Aesthetic Theory." New German Critique 48, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0094033x-8989218.

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Abstract Theodor W. Adorno’s claim in Aesthetic Theory that artworks have a truth content, and that this truth content in turn depends on philosophical interpretation, is among the work’s most challenging and obscure claims. This article argues that “The Idea of Natural History,” Adorno’s lecture dating to 1932, offers important resources for interpreting the claim of art’s truth content. Reading the lecture’s core idea of transience, the article proposes that the form of philosophical interpretation Adorno develops there illuminates one way to clarify what Adorno means, in Aesthetic Theory, by the interpretation of art’s truth content. While far from definitive, this conclusion does support interpretations of art’s truth content that foreground art’s function as a critique of ideology, that is, of having a field of application that moves beyond the sphere of the aesthetic and toward the disclosure of conditions of social domination.
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Sanderson, Steven E., and H. Jeffrey Leonard. "Natural Resources and Economic Development in Central America: A Regional Environmental Profile." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 4 (November 1988): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515728.

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Sanderson, Steven E. "Natural Resources and Economic Development in Central America: A Regional Environmental Profile." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-68.4.855.

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Chmielewská, Eva, and Eva Chmielewská. "Natural Zeolites as Sustainable and Environmental Inorganic Resources over the History to Present." General Chemistry 5, no. 3 (2019): 190001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21127/yaoyigc20190001.

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42

McEvoy, Arthur F. "Science, culture, and politics in U.S. natural resources management." Journal of the History of Biology 25, no. 3 (1992): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00352003.

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43

T. Carson, Mike. "Natural-cultural landscape heritage at Ritidian, Guam." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2014): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-03-2012-0012.

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Purpose – Landscapes bear potential as heritage resources, unifying natural and cultural history that can be experienced today in special preserved areas. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Geoarchaeological investigation 2006-2011 explored this potential at the Ritidian Unit of Guam National Wildlife Refuge. Findings – As experienced today, the Ritidian landscape heritage embodies the complex outcomes of a 3,500-year record of ecology and evolution. Research limitations/implications – A long-term perspective of unified natural-cultural history will increase scientific accuracy and enhance visitor experience of landscapes of heritage resources. Practical implications – Sustainable development of landscape heritage can occur most successfully in cases of thorough research in areas of protected and managed ecosystems with reasonable public access. Originality/value – The detailed results in this case may serve as a model example for other studies and programmes developing landscapes as heritage resources.
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Reilly, James. "China and Japan in Myanmar: Aid, Natural Resources and Influence." Asian Studies Review 37, no. 2 (June 2013): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2013.767310.

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45

Ngwira, Susan, and Teiji Watanabe. "An Analysis of the Causes of Deforestation in Malawi: A Case of Mwazisi." Land 8, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8030048.

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Deforestation is recognized as a major driver of the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. It also disturbs natural processes such as biogeochemical, hydrological, and ecological cycles. In Malawi, deforestation is estimated to be responsible for the loss of 33,000 hectares per year, and is mainly attributed to agriculture expansion, tobacco growing, and excessive use of biomass. However, little research has been conducted at either the local level or that of forests located on customary land. This research aimed to identify and analyze the underlying driving factors associated with the proximate factors of agriculture expansion, tobacco growing, and brick burning in Mwazisi. Landsat images for 1991, 2004, and 2017 were downloaded from the United States Geological Survey website and used to analyze changes in forest cover. Interviews with households (n = 399) and Natural Resource Committee members, a focus group discussion with key officers, and observations were conducted during field data collection in 2017. The results of the land cover analysis showed that forest covered 66% of the study area in 1991, and by 2017 it had decreased to 45.8%. Most households depend on wood from customary land forests for tobacco curing (69%) and brick burning (68%). Furthermore, 47.6% of the households have expanded their agriculture land by approximately 0.57 hectares during the past 15 years. The interview survey and the focus group discussion identified that the underlying driving factors towards these anthropogenic activities are: (a) population growth, (b) poverty, (c) expensive alternative building materials, (d) lack of awareness, (e) lack of resources, (f) lack of commitment from the tobacco companies, and (g) market system of the cash crops grown in the area. In conclusion, a set of economic, institutional, social, and demographic factors, which are associated with imbalanced relationship between rural and urban areas, underpin agriculture expansion, tobacco growing, and brick burning, and have thereby contributed to the decline of the forest cover in Mwazisi, Malawi.
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46

Roy, Tirthankar. "Economic History and Modern India: Redefining the Link." Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533002760278749.

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This paper argues that to restore the link between economic history and modern India, a different narrative of Indian economic history is needed. An exclusive focus on colonialism as the driver of India's economic history misses those continuities that arise from economic structure or local conditions. In fact, market-oriented British imperial policies did initiate a process of economic growth based on the production of goods intensive in labor and natural resources. However, productive capacity per worker was constrained by low rates of private and public investment in infrastructure, excessively low rates of schooling, social inequalities based on caste and gender and a delayed demographic transition to lower birthrates and the resultant heavy demographic burden placed on physical capital and natural resources.
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47

Philp, Kenneth R., and Donald L. Fixico. "The Invasion of Indian Country in the Twentieth Century: American Capitalism and Tribal Natural Resources." Western Historical Quarterly 30, no. 4 (1999): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971426.

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48

LaLande, JEFF. "Review of Anderson, Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and Management of California's Natural Resources." Pacific Historical Review 75, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 670–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2006.75.4.670.

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49

Smith, Douglas Helms Douglas J. Lawrence P. "Water Quality in the Natural Resources Conservation Service: An Historical Overview." Agricultural History 76, no. 2 (April 2002): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ah.2002.76.2.289.

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50

Jacobson, Brian R. "The Cinematic Footprint: Lights, Camera, Natural Resources by Nadia Bozak (review)." Technology and Culture 54, no. 2 (2013): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2013.0061.

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