Dissertations / Theses: 'Natural resources, north america'

1

McLerran, Jennifer. "Inventing "Indian art" : New Deal Indian policy and the native artists as "natural" resource /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6226.

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Kolb, Tracy L. "Creating a North American Sturgeon Information Infrastructure implications for composite databases as a multijurisdictional management tool /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Kellermann, Jherime L. "Spatiotemporal and Phenological Pattens of Bird Migration and the Influence of Climate and Disturbance in the Madrean Sky Island Archipelago and North American Southwest." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268552.

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Distributional and ecological dynamics of Neotropical migratory birds at stopover sites where they maintain critical fat reserves during migration remain poorly understood in North American aridlands. I examined spatiotemporal abundance and timing of migrants relative to 1) upland and riparian habitats, 2) post-fire landscape mosaics, and 3) phenological synchrony and overlap of migration with tree flowering in southeastern Arizona's Madrean Archipelago (2009-2011), and 4) abundance, habitat breadth, and foraging substrates relative to tree flowering along the Colorado River in southwestern Arizona and northwestern Sonora, Mexico (2000-2003). I explored these dynamics relative to local weather conditions and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate phenomena. In Madrean habitats, migrants showed three non-exclusive responses to high precipitation, snowfall, and low minimum temperatures associated with El Niño in 2010; migration timing adjustments, habitat shifts, and reduced abundances suggesting migration route shifts. Foliage-gleaning insectivores were most abundant in high severity burns, disproportionate to their availability, and decreased with time since fire (TSF); flycatchers were most abundant in low-moderate severity and increased with TSF. Migrant abundance increased with tree flowering. Phenological overlap declined with increasing difference in timing of these events. Overlap was lowest in 2011 in riparian habitat due to low willow (Salix goodinggii) flowering, despite high migrant abundance, but lowest in 2010 in montane conifer, despite high pollen cone production by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga meziesii), suggesting temperature limitation of insect abundance at high elevations, but water limitation of plant phenology at lower elevations. Along the Colorado River, migrant abundance and habitat breadth had inverse positive and negative quadratic relationships, respectively. Abundance increased with tree flowering, but only in 2003 during severe drought. Habitat breadth increased with monsoon precipitation. Foraging substrate use tracked flowering, shifting from willow to mesquite (Prosopis sp.); the overlap coincided with peak abundance and narrowest habitat breadth. Maintenance of diverse vegetation and post-fire landscape mosaics in the Madrean Archipelago should benefit migratory bird diversity. Flowering phenology likely provides large-scale cues of local-scale stopover habitat condition associated with interannual climatic variation. Management and restoration of upland habitats and large riparian woody perennials will be critical for migratory bird conservation in aridlands.

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Harvey, Sarah L. "Recovery Measures for the State Endangered American Marten: An Internship with Two Wisconsin Natural Resource Agencies." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1105225283.

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Shenkier, Elisa. "Resource perception in a cross-cultural context : ethical dimensions of the conflict over the forests at Barrière Lake." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67527.

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World perceptions are culturally determined, manifested in different cultural patterns of behaviour and in relationships between humans and their natural environments. Resource use and management reflect the values and priorities of a specific society. Conflicts may arise when different societies, with divergent attitudes and relationships with the land, are competing for resources. Cultural geographers and moral philosophers have explored ideas pertinent to such conflicts. A native community in Quebec's commercial forest area presents opportunity for an applied ethical inquiry into resource management: addressing the conflicting traditional and contemporary patterns of forest use of native and non-native groups. Yi-Fu Tuan and Paul W. Taylor explore issues of space, respect, and resource use, substantiating the assertion that cross-cultural resource conflict resolution necessitates moral inquiry. Taylor's six point value concept categorization is applied to show the perceptual differences between the groups, thereby affecting an assessment of the ethical roots and dimensions of the conflict.

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Green, Gina C. "Conservation projects in Central America an analysis to determine the ingredients for success /." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26977311.html.

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Alexander, Louise Boatwright. "Measuring Conservation Success: An Investigation of Land Trusts in North Carolina." NCSU, 2010. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01052010-134542/.

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Local land trusts in North Carolina protect land to conserve natural resources and biodiversity, and to provide public benefits, such as clean air and water. However the success of their efforts is commonly reported in terms of the amount of land protected or money raised in support of conservation rather than in measures that describe whether or not conservations goals have been achieved. In order to determine if the conservation lands protected by local land trusts are meeting the goals they were intended to serve, I reviewed published research, literature and methodologies to identify common practices used to measure conservation success. Findings indicate three fundamental processes that allow organizations to evaluate the effectiveness of their interventions which are; 1) conducting status assessments that include articulating specific goals and describing the project context; 2) identifying threats to conservation targets; and 3) identifying, developing, and monitoring specific indicators whose status is a measurable reflection of the conservation targets and interventions. I also surveyed 24 land trusts in North Carolina to determine why they protect lands, what activities they perform that would allow them to evaluate the conservation impact of their work, and how success is reported to the public. From the survey, I conclude that land trusts in North Carolina are unable to determine if the lands they have protected are meeting their conservation goals because they are not consistently setting measurable goals, indentifying specific conservation targets, or monitoring indicators that would reflect conservation impact, processes identified in the literature review as necessary to evaluate conservation projects. I identify the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation framework as an applicable tool for local land trusts to use to focus their conservation efforts and develop measurable goals and report their conservation success.

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Cassingham, Kirsten Michaele. "Voluntary Conservation: Private landowner participation in North Carolina's Natural Heritage Program (spatial analysis of the Natural Heritage Program in North Carolina)." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010817-141234.

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Conflict between the public interests in non-timber amenities of forests and the private rights of forest owners has focused attention on voluntary conservation agreements as a policy tool. In North Carolina, the Natural Heritage Program identifies ecologically significant sites and provides two mechanisms for landholders to participate in conservation of those sites. Evaluation of the program from a spatial perspective focused on the mountain province of North Carolina, using a geographic information system (GIS) to characterize the conservation outcome of the program (i.e., what has been conserved) and the determinants of participation in the program (i.e., who has conserved). To characterize the participation decision, literature was reviewed on voluntary forest stewardship and conservation programs and spatial analysis of land-use. The effect of neighborhood characteristics (e.g., near-by protected areas) and distance (e.g., from highways and cities) was considered, as well as characteristics of the landowner and of the site. The conservation outcome of the program was evaluated in terms of protection of ecologically significant sites, considering both Heritage Program rankings and land cover.

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Miller, Vickie Marie. "Habitat Characterization of Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana Groups at Fort Bragg, North Carolina." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01042005-113555/.

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The growth characteristics and habitat of the rare shrub Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana were studied by examining 19 documented groups of this Federal Species of Concern. These 19 groups occur along the Little River on the Fort Bragg Military Reservation in Cumberland, Hoke and Moore counties, North Carolina. Systematic field studies located and monitored the plants, and a modified version of the North Carolina Vegetation Survey protocol produced an inventory of surrounding plant communities. Results were used to modify knowledge of A. georgiana var. georgiana and correct errors in previous accounts: flowering commences in mid-April and ends in mid-May; seeds may persist on the plants until the following April; tree canopy densities range above 75 percent; and the plant inhabits transition zones on the dry side of wetland boundaries. A key to guide searches for the plant is presented along with recommendations for further research to resolve remaining questions about the protection status of Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana.

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Otwell, Dwight Woodard. "Conifer Discrimination in the Sandhills of North Carolina Using High Spectral Resolution Data." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07102008-165201/.

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We investigated techniques to discriminate long leaf pine (Pinus palustris) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in 126 band HyMap imagery with a 4 meter spatial resolution. Field assessment provided stand composition information, and crowns of known species were selected in the imagery to represent species types for model construction. A Quadratic Discriminant Analysis used with a likelihood ratio test was able to identify southern yellow pine with a producerâs accuracy of 98% and a userâs accuracy of 96%. The same test identified loblolly pine with a producerâs accuracy of 80% and a userâs accuracy of 49%. Longleaf pine identification had a producerâs accuracy of 60% and a userâs accuracy of 76%. Price of image acquisition, the relatively low accuracy of discrimination between longleaf and loblolly pine crowns, and inherent bias in the approach make this particular method unreliable as an option for targeting potential sites for RCW habitat restoration.

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Salazar, Vanegas Jesus. "Development of an improved methodology to assess potential unconventional gas resources in North America." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5894.

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Since the 1970s, various private and governmental agencies have conducted studies to assess potential unconventional gas resources, particularly those resources contained in tight sands, fractured shales, and coal beds. The US Geological Survey (USGS) has assessed the amount of unconventional gas resources in North America, and its estimates are used by other government agencies as the basis for their resource estimates. While the USGS employs a probabilistic methodology, it is apparent from the resulting narrow ranges that the methodology underestimates the uncertainty of these undiscovered, untested, potential resources, which in turn limits the reliability and usefulness of the assessments. The objective of this research is to develop an improved methodology to assess potential unconventional gas resources that better accounts for the uncertainty in these resources. This study investigates the causes of the narrow ranges generated by the USGS analyticprobabilistic methodology used to prepare the 1995 national oil and gas assessment and the 2000 NOGA series, and presents an improved methodology to assess potential unconventional gas resources. The new model improves upon the USGS method by using a stochastic approach, which includes correlation between the input variables and Monte Carlo simulation, representing a more versatile and robust methodology than the USGS analytic-probabilistic methodology. The improved methodology is applied to the assessment of potential unconventional gas resources in the Uinta-Piceance province of Utah and Colorado, and compared to results of the evaluation performed by the USGS in 2002. Comparison of the results validates the means and standard deviations produced by the USGS methodology, but shows that the probability distributions generated are rather different and, that the USGS distributions are not skewed to right, as expected for a natural resource. This study indicates that the unrealistic shape and width of the resulting USGS probability distributions are not caused by the analytic equations or lack of correlation between input parameters, but rather the use of narrow triangular probability distributions as input variables. Adoption of the improved methodology, along with a careful examination and revision of input probability distributions, will allow a more realistic assessment of the uncertainty surrounding potential unconventional gas resources.

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ESSIC, JEFFERSON FORREST. "APPLICATIONS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT PLANNINGAND WATER QUALITY PROTECTION IN THE COASTAL REGION OF NORTH CAROLINA." NCSU, 1998. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19980105-155948.

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ESSIC, JEFFERSON FORREST. Applications of Geographic InformationSystems for Growth Management Planning and Water Quality Protection inthe Coastal Region of North Carolina. (Under the direction of Hugh A. Devine.)

Research efforts conducted in coastal areas of North Carolina andother regions have documented numerous examples of negative impacts toestuarine water quality as a result of unplanned and unmanaged development.However, new construction is continuing at a rapid pace in these areas,forcing local planners to make complex decisions regarding land uses andprotection of cultural and natural resources.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-driven toolthat has proven valuable in assisting with this decision making process.GIS technology provides the means to efficiently collect, store, and retrievevast amounts of spatial data. Then, this information may be visually displayedin a manner that supports better understanding and analysis of the physicalenvironment and the potential impacts of growth.

There have been many instances during the past decade in whichGIS has been used to meet the educational and informational needs of citizensand local officials who want to ensure a strong economy and healthy environmentis planned for the future of their community. Most of these projects haveoriginated at the state level, either through the North Carolina CooperativeExtension Service, or other agencies.

A number of zoning options and growth management planning measureshave recently been recommended that coastal government officials shouldconsider for promoting stewardship and protecting important natural resourceswhile continuing to maintain economic vitality. This paper focuses on theapplication of GIS for analyzing and implementing many of those strategieswith emphasis on local responsibility.

In particular, the natural suitability of cluster development forCurrituck County, North Carolina, is examined with GIS. Attention to growthmanagement planning in this coastal county is critical since the populationis projected to increase over 73 percent from 1990 to 2020. GIS data layersfrom the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis,as well as digitized Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood InsuranceRate Maps, are used to determine the extent of Primary Conservation Areasin the county. In addition, Secondary Conservation Areas are identified

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Wen, Deyong. "Modelling of Atmospheric Mercury Emission, Transport, Transformation and Deposition in North America." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2959.

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A modelling study was conducted to explore the emission, transport, transformation and deposition behaviour of atmospheric Hg. A detailed natural Hg emission model was developed to estimate the natural Hg emissions from soil, water and vegetation. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Hg model system was improved by incorporating the detailed treatment of natural Hg emissions, adopting boundary conditions from a global Hg model (Seigneur et al. , 2004) and including the calculation of the dry deposition velocity of elemental Hg. The natural Hg emission model and the improved CMAQ-Hg model were validated with some measurements and then applied to North America for a whole year (2002). A detailed natural Hg emission model was developed in this study. This model made use of detailed soil Hg concentration measurements, meteorological data and soil conditions to estimate Hg emissions from soil, water and vegetation. The influence of snow cover and low temperature was also considered in the model. This model was then applied to simulate one-year natural Hg emissions in North America in 2002. The modelled results, compared to some reported natural Hg emission measurements, demonstrated a strong simulation ability. The spatial and temporal variations of emission fluxes were examined through numerical simulations. A pronounced diurnal cycle and a seasonal cycle were found in the emissions from most land uses. Compared with summer, natural Hg emission was significantly limited in winter. Simulation results showed that about 229 metric tons of total natural Hg emission, 1. 8 times anthropogenic Hg emission, was emitted from the simulation domain in 2002. U. S. EPA CMAQ Hg model system was improved and then applied to simulate the emission, transport, transformation and deposition of atmospheric Hg in North America for the year 2002. The simulated results were compared with measured hourly Total Gaseous Hg (TGM) for 3 sites. The good agreement between them demonstrated the good performance of this improved model in modelling the behaviour of emission, transport, transformation and deposition of atmospheric Hg. Hg budget and net evasion of Hg in North America were also investigated. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effects of emissions, including Hg and non-Hg emissions, on the air concentration and deposition of atmospheric Hg. The results indicated that ambient concentration of TGM was much more sensitive to Hg emissions than non-Hg emissions. Natural Hg emission was more significant than anthropogenic emission to affect ambient concentration of TGM, illustrating natural Hg emission is a key factor influencing TGM ambient concentration. Unlike TGM concentration, Hg dry deposition was not only sensitive to Hg emissions but also to non-Hg emissions such as VOCs and NO_x. Anthropogenic Hg emission, natural Hg emission and NO_x emission had almost the same effect on total dry deposition of Hg. The results also illustrated that Hg wet deposition was only sensitive to non-Hg emissions such as NO_x and VOCs, especially of VOCs emission. Because of the inverse effect of VOCs on Hg wet deposition, reducing NO_x emission should be an ideal solution to mitigate Hg wet deposition. A possible pathway through which atmospheric Hg was greatly affected by emissions changes was identified: emissions of pollutants, especially VOCs and NO_x, greatly affect the level of OH in the atmosphere; OH influences the concentration and deposition of Hg by significantly affecting the gas phase reaction between Hg(0) and OH.

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Broughton, John Michael. "Resource depression and intensification during the late Holocene, San Francisco Bay : evidence from the Emeryville shellmound vertebrate fauna /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6465.

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Hall, Karen Renae. "COMPUTERIZED DENDROLOGY: The identification and natural history of the pine trees of southeastern North America." NCSU, 1998. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19980511-132319.

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HALL, KAREN RENAE. COMPUTERIZED DENDROLOGY: The identification and natural history of the pine trees of southeastern North America. (Under the direction of Richard R. Braham.) A computer database of the pines of southeastern North America was developed using hyper-text markup language. This interactive program allows users to learn about bark, buds, leaves, reproductive structures, geographic range, climate, and natural history of pines. Audio files pronounce the scientific and vernacular names of trees. A search engine allows comparison of textual and graphic information of different characteristics.

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Hrubeniuk, Jewel N. "Natural regeneration of white spruce in western North America with specific reference to Western Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0024/MQ32136.pdf.

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Miller, Elizabeth. "Subjective Efficiencies: Water Use, Management and Governance in the North Platte Natural Resources District." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248409/.

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The North Platte Natural Resources District (NPNRD) is one of 23 quasi-governmental organizations in the state of Nebraska that are organized by river basin and are responsible for the management of groundwater. Conversely, the state's surface water is governed by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources under the system of prior appropriation. This study uses Foucauldian neoliberal governmentality and a contrasting theory of 'meandering' to explore the conflicting beliefs, perceptions and values that form the foundations of different notions of 'efficiency' as it pertains to water use and management in NPNRD while a political ecology lens is used to situate local perceptions within the regional context of the Platte River Basin. Study findings ultimately point to the remaining 'disintegration' of water governance despite the state's efforts to create legislation that seeks to merge ground and surface water management in practice.

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Norton, Helen Hyatt. "Women and resources of the Northwest coast : documentation from the 18th and early 19th centuries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6519.

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Harrell, Melani Hix. "Development of a digital protocol for vegetation mapping." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20011029-183023.

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ABSTRACTHARRELL, MELANI HIX. Development of a digital protocol for vegetation mapping. (Under the direction of Dr. Hugh Devine)Softcopy photogrammetry has proven useful to reduce mapping time with aerial photography and aids in producing a digital product that is easily transferable over other electronic media. This study brings together computer stereo viewing with scanned aerial photos in a GIS to produce a fully digital protocol for mapping vegetation to the formation level. Erdas Imagine was used to generate digital images from aerial photos, Erdas Orthobase was applied to orthorectify the images through a joint triangulation solution for 42 photos, and Erdas StereoAnalyst provided on screen stereo viewing for vegetation delineation. Vegetation polygons were then classified using the National Vegetation Classification System formations in ArcView 3.2, and a thematic accuracy assessment was carried out on the vegetation map using the USGS-NPS standards. A positional accuracy assessment was conducted on the photo mosaic produced from the orthorectified images. Thematic accuracy was 77.55% initially, and the revised map had an 88.70% thematic accuracy. Positionally, the photo mosaic had Class 1 positional accuracy along the X-coordinate with 0.603 meters RMSE and had Class 2 accuracy along the Y-coordinate with 2.415 meters RMSE. A protocol using entirely digital methods was produced with the software cited that meets the formation level USGS-NPS vegetation mapping standards.

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Jones, Kelly Michelle. "Technology Adoption in West Africa: adoption and disadoption of soybeans on the Togo-Benin border." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03172005-115144/.

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New agricultural technologies are promoted in developing countries to bring about some combination of economic, environmental, and or health benefit. All of these benefits are considered to improve the livelihoods of the households that adopt them. However, the adoption of these new innovations by farm households is never uniform but is based on each household?s evaluation of the utility of the new technology with relation to that household?s attributes. This study looks at the adoption of a new agricultural crop?soybeans?that has been promoted for its nutritional effects in the Tamberma region of Benin and Togo. Variables affecting adoption and disadoption are based on five broad categories of adoption determinants found in the literature: household preferences, resource endowments, economic incentives, risk and uncertainty, and biophysical characteristics. A sixth category of farmer?s perceptions is added to this model to determine current perceptions of soybean utility in the study area. A Probit model is employed to determine factors affecting adoption and disadoption rates in the study area. Variables statistically correlated with the adoption decision include: education, extension, membership, health, cash cropping, and soil quality. Variables statistically correlated with the disadoption decision include: education, experience, expected price, and type of soil.

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Crumbley, Tyler Autry. "Modeling Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport from Fires in Forested Watersheds of the South Carolina Piedmont." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06252007-113339/.

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Forested watersheds in the Southeastern U.S. provide high quality water vital to ecosystem integrity and downstream aquatic resources. Excessive sediment from human activities in forested watersheds is of concern to responsible land managers. Prescribed fire is a common treatment applied to Southeastern Piedmont forests and is becoming increasingly important under the threat of higher fuel loads, and higher intensity storm events from changing land uses and climate. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the impacts of fire on sedimentation processes with conflicting conclusions. Measuring the amount of runoff and erosion from fire-induced forested watersheds is difficult due to the high variability inherent in these systems. Erosion simulation models assist in relieving the time and resources consumed measuring these effects. The process-based Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP) is widely used in the Western U.S. to predict erosion resulting from forest fires, but has yet to be tested in Southeastern Piedmont settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the GeoWEPP model in predicting sediment amounts from low-, moderate- and high-intensity forest fires on pine stands of the Sumter National Forest in the piedmont region of South Carolina. GeoWEPP simulation results were compared to observed sediment production from two ongoing prescribed burn studies in the Enoree and Long Cane Ranger Districts. Erosion measurements were conducted using 48 silt fences placed on hillslopes within 22 x 22 m plots. The measurements were collected biennially following low- and high-intensity prescribed burnings of the forested plots. The annual observed erosion amounts averaged 0.014 and 0.022-kg/m (width) for the Enoree and Long Cane sites respectively. Modeling results from the simulations of the same sites averaged 1.94-kg/m width of fence and 0.55-kg/m (width) annually. The model largely over predicted the amounts of erosion at these low levels. However, the average observed erosion amounts and average GeoWEPP predictions of 0.01 t/ac/yr were well below the tolerable soil loss value (T-value) of 0.41 t/ac/yr during the unburned, low-, and high-intensity forest fire conditions of the treatments. Predicted erosion exceeded this value only for high-intensity fires followed by high-intensity storm events (>20-yr return periods). These results suggest that low-intensity fires may not elevate sediment loading above tolerable rates; however, higher-severity fires can cause soil erosion and sediment loading at levels of concern in water quality degradation. Land topography, fire intensity and soil surface texture type are key variables to predicting soil erosion and runoff. We conclude that this model may be a useful tool to land managers for evaluating and predicting the effects of fire on erosion following forest fires. This study is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of the GeoWEPP model in predicting runoff and sedimentation in Southeastern piedmont watersheds. From this initial testing, recommendations were made to improve the model for applications in the Southeast.

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Peters, Gregory Merrill Deschaine. "Forever wild journeys through the North Fork /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12292009-115313.

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Klauk, Erin Elizabeth. "Design and learning outcomes of web-based instructional resources focused on the impacts of resource development on Native American lands." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/klauk/KlaukE0507.pdf.

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Snyder, Jeffrey B. "An archaeological resources management plan for the Meshingomesia Reserve." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539628.

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The Meshingomesia Reserve was in existence for a little over thirty years, from 1840-1873. During that time it served as a buffer between the Miami in Indiana and the encroaching white settlers. The survey of the reserve was undertaken to establish what remained in the archaeological evidence of this historic area. From the results of the survey and the background research into the history and archaeological site surveys and excavations previously conducted within the reserve’s boundaries, an assessment of the archaeological resources and a management plan were developed.
Department of Anthropology

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O'Donnell, Molly K. "Application of Darwinian evolutionary theory into the exhibit paradigm : implementing a materialist perspective in museum exhibits about Native Americans /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074434.

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Koch, Jonathan B. "The decline and conservation status of North American bumble bees." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1015.

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Several reports of North American bumble bee (Bombus Latreille) decline have been documented across the continent, but no study has fully assessed the geographic scope of decline. In this study I discuss the importance of Natural History Collections (NHC) in estimating historic bumble bee distributions and abundances, as well as in informing current surveys. To estimate changes in distribution and relative abundance I compare historic data assembled from a >73,000 specimen database with a contemporary 3-year survey of North American bumble bees across 382 locations in the contiguous U.S.A. Based on my results, four historically abundant bumble bees, B. affinis, B. occidentalis, B. pensylvanicus and B. terricola, have declined by 72 - 96% relative abundance across their native distribution, while B. bifarius, B. bimaculatus, B. impatiens, and B. vosnesenskii appear to be relatively stable. Finally, I provide some notes on the distribution, abundance, and frequency of Nosema bombi infections in Alaskan B. occidentalis.

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Douville, Michelle. "North American Ecological Zone classification for the UN Food and Agriculture Organization's Forest Resource Assessment 2000 project, map compilation and validation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0034/MQ64345.pdf.

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Mitchell, Dustin L. "Cougar Predation Behavior in North-Central Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1539.

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Cougar (Puma concolor) predation has been identified as being one of several factors contributing to the decline of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) throughout the Western United States. In order to better understand how these elusive felines utilize their surroundings and prey, I examined and analyzed cougar predation behavior in North-Central Utah, using global positioning systems (GPS) data from 2002-2010. Twenty-three cougars were fitted with GPS collars and monitored for prey caching behavior. In total 775 potential cache sites were visited and 546 prey remains found. Mule deer comprised the majority of prey at cougar cache sites, but 11 other species were also found. Collectively, adult female mule deer were killed more than any other demographic class. Proportionally there was no difference in the sex or age class of deer killed by cougars in three different population segments, but seasonal differences were found in the number of kills made between cougar groups. Female cougars with kittens had a higher predation rate than males or solitary females, and seasonally more kills were made in the winter vs. summer. Cougars spent an average of 3.3 days on deer kills, and 6.2 days on elk kills. Habitat analyses suggested that cougars preferentially used Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) over other land cover types when caching prey, as well as selected unburned over burned areas for caching and foraging on prey. These results suggest that cougars utilize dense stands of vegetation cover when stalking and concealing their prey. Wildlife managers may want to consider the use of prescribed burns in areas of high cougar predation on mule deer. This habitat manipulation tool could simultaneously help mule deer populations by reducing the percent of stalking cover afforded to cougars when attempting to kill prey, along with increasing nutrient levels of newly burned foliage and allow for an increased diversity in forb and shrub species available to mule deer.

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Kulwicki, James Howard. "The flower of birds and the dog of Pluto : observations of the North American natural world by the French Jesuit missionaries." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1265459.

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While Thwaites' Jesuit Relations have been extensively used by historians interested in the interactions between Native Americans and the French Jesuit- missionaries, they have not been used to examine the Jesuits' descriptions of the North American natural world. These natural world descriptions are examined to see what influence factors contributed to the form of their accounts. Using two recent journal articles five factors - value, religion, society, personal experience and education - were selected to provide the structure of this study and to understand the impact of these factors upon the Jesuit natural world descriptions. Environmental history works have been consulted to provide information of the Jesuit mentality formed by these factors. Two factors, value and personal experience, provide the greatest influence, with education and society providing a lesser influence. Surprisingly, the influence of religion does not often explicitly appear in the Jesuit accounts.
Department of History

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Castells, Justin V. "Frozen Assets: Science, Natural Philosophy, and the Quest for Arctic Gold." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003134.

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31

Sims, Melissa. "Supernatural intervention as an explanation for natural phenomena in Native American mythologies." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935922.

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Natural phenomena and natural disasters occur across the regions of the United States. While science now provides factual documentation for causes of meteorological and geological events, most Native American tribes lacked scientific explanations of these occurrences. Native Americans, however, sought to explain the effects and often devastation resulting from meteorological and geological events in some manner. The religions and mythologies of many cultures provide explanations for the occurrence of natural phenomena through supernatural intervention. The presentation of myths by geographic region provided the basis for analysis of explanations for natural phenomena. Regional analysis of myths suggests that commonalities exist among Native American Groups experiencing similar meteorological and geological events. Furthermore, common themes span across regional boundaries. For example, the use of a Thunderbird, a large bird with glowing eyes, as an explanation for the occurrence of thunder and storms occurs in every region of the United States. Another common theme is the use of a storm by a supernatural force as punishment for unacceptable behaviors of the earth's inhabitants. The most frequent example of this is the theme of a flood that destroys many inhabitants at some point in the history of the tribe. Often, storms and other natural phenomena have explanations based in the creation myth of the tribe. Another theme in myths regarding natural phenomena is the resolution of opposing forces. In many myths, the opposition exists between humans and nature, weather beings or spirits, or animals and nature. Myths regarding natural phenomena occasionally contain the attempt by humans or animals to gain control over nature or natural elements. The results of this control vary from favorable to unfavorable for those involved. A final theme exhibited in many myths is the function of a supernatural force associated with weather as a guardian, protector, and provider. The belief in these guardians provides Native Americans with assurance that they will be protected, and provided for, especially in times of natural disasters or storms. Research indicates that compilation of myths regarding natural phenomena facilitates regional and cross-cultural analysis and understanding of the role of supernatural intervention in Native American comprehension of natural phenomena.
Department of Anthropology

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O'Grady, Kevin Lawrence. "Facing natural hazards : uncertain and intertemporal elements of choosing shore protection along the Great Lakes /." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165904/.

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Kribel, Jacob Robert George. "Long Term Permanent Vegetation Plot Studies in the Matoaka Woods, Williamsburg, Virginia : Establishment and Initial Data Analysis of Plots Established with the North Carolina Vegetation Survey Protocol, Resampling of Single Circular Plots and a Comparison of Results from North Carolina Vegetation Survey Protocol and Single Circular Plot Methods." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624378.

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Bergmann, Nicolas Timothy. "Preserving Nature through Film: Wilderness Alps of Stehekin and the North Cascades, 1956-1968." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/973.

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On March 22, 1958 David Brower's film Wilderness Alps of Stehekin premiered to an audience of conservationists in Seattle, Washington. Almost two years in the making, the thirty-one minute film advocated the preservation of nature in Washington's North Cascades through the creation of a national park. Over the next decade, Wilderness Alps of Stehekin became the most influential publicity tool in the struggle to preserve the North Cascades. Because of the region's geographic isolation, the film was the first time many people throughout the nation were exposed to the scenic grandeur of the area. Images of craggy peaks and colorful alpine meadows resonated deeply with many Americans and persuaded them to join in the campaign. It was the voice of these citizens that led Congress to pass the North Cascades Act of 1968, which placed 674,000 acres of the North Cascades under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. In this thesis I tell the creation story of North Cascades National Park from a conservationist perspective and trace the influence of Wilderness Alps of Stehekin within this context. Although the film was never shown in movie theaters and never aired on national television, many thousands viewed it from its premiere to the signing of the North Cascades Act. The film first introduced the idea of a North Cascades National Park, and it was important in convincing conservationists to unite around a national park solution. Ultimately, Wilderness Alps of Stehekin changed the approach activists took in the North Cascades and helped to preserve a wild and scenic nature experience for future generations through the protection of old-growth forests and alpine meadows.

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Fosu, Boniface Opoku. "Towards the Prediction of Climate Extremes with Attribution Analysis Through Climate Diagnostics and Modeling: Cases from Asia to North America." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7233.

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This project summarizes the findings of research organized in two parts. The first involved the characterization of changes in the variability of climate that lead to extreme events. The second focused on the predictability of extreme climate on time-scales ranging from short forecast lead-times to long-lead climate predictions exceeding a year. Initial studies focused on three interrelated, yet regionally unique extreme climate phenomena. First, the relationship between increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and particulate matter (PM) concentration in basin terrain was investigated. Next, we evaluated changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation associated with two climate phenomena at either extreme side of the water cycle--droughts and floods. In the final analysis, an attempt was made to understand the mechanisms that link two North Pacific ENSO precursor patterns to the ENSO cycle.

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Richey, Kristine Diane. "Life along the Kenepocomoco : archaeological resources of the upper Eel River Valley." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897523.

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An archaeological survey documenting sites along Upper Eel River within the Indiana counties of Allen, Whitley, Kosciusko and Wabash was conducted during 199192 to collect data which was analyzed to provide a clearer understanding of the region's cultural chronology and describe the area's cultural resources. A total of 765 previously unrecorded sites were documented, 493 of which were field-checked during field reconnaissance of 10% of the project universe, with 1010.82 acres surveyed. A research project completed entirely by volunteers succeeded in locating a number of potential archaeological sites from the Historic Period.Data from the present study securely defined the cultural chronology of the Upper Eel River Valley and yielded valuable information concerning settlement patterns, ecological exploitation, and avenues of migration. Cultural sequencing revealed the presence of Early Paleo-Indians along the river valley at approximately 12,000 B.P. and chronicled the continued expansion of prehistoric populations within the area into historic times.
Department of Anthropology

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37

Riley, Jesse M. "How Can Sustainable Design Insure Resiliency through the Biodiversity of a Boomtown." Master's thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25235.

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Presently the state of North Dakota is enjoying tremendous economic expansion as well as an increase in population. The development of the Bakken Oil formation has introduced a new set of opportunities and presented a new set of challenges. By studying past boomtowns, ecology, and design, a path for planning, recruitment and maintaining communities with a sustainable approach can be explored. The purpose of this research is to guide current and future stakeholders in the area of energy development communities and wise growth planning. The many articles and books that are devoted to social science, ecology, design and population recruitment will aid in presenting a case for realizing a sustainable future for the state of North Dakota and the use of its natural resources.

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Jönsson, Daniel. "Arctic Conflicts : A study of geopolitical relations and potential conflicts in the High North." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32308.

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The IPCC report from 2013 predicts radical temperature changes in the world the coming years, with a melting ice cap in the Arctic as consequence. According to geological research made by institutes and scholars from the Arctic states the Arctic is likely to hold the last remaining oil and gas resources of the world. The melting ice cap opens up for resource exploitation and for new naval transportation routes between Asia and Europe and North America. There is a debate over what geopolitical implications these natural resources and the new transportation routes will get for the surrounding Arctic states since the existing international regulations in some areas are inadequate. This debate is divided into two camps; one side argues that the Arctic states will act cooperatively when exploiting the resources and navigating the new transportation routes, while the other side predicts violent and conflictive state behavior. The objective of this study is to analyze existing and potential conflicts in the Arctic through the perspective of leading international relations theories in order to make projections of potential Arctic developments. As analytical tool the study applies a conflict analysis framework to structure and categorize both the findings and the analytical chapter. In this qualitative and abductive study the data has been collected through mainly official state and private documents and text analysis of these documents have been used as method. The study concludes that a combination of both cooperation and competition is likely to occur in the Arctic in future, but cooperation will be the first alternative of choice for states rather than conflict.

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Jordan, Benjamin René. ""A modest manliness" the Boy Scouts of America and the making of modern masculinity, 1910-1930 /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3355738.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 23, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 393-410).

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Ross, Jeremy D. "The Evolutionary History, Demographic Independence and Conservation Status of Two North American Prairie Bird Species: The Greater Prairie Chicken and the Lark Sparrow." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1303855437.

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Jackson, Kristin M. "Descriptive study of the current status of World Wide Web utilization in park and recreation departments." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129628.

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Community members benefit from the opportunities and services that are provided by park and recreation departments. As technology has continued to improve, it has begun to influence some of the services and programs offered by park and recreation departments. This study presents information regarding World Wide Web use in parks and recreation departments in 1998. The study surveyed those park and recreation departments who were members of the National Recreation and Parks Association's Great Lakes Region in 1998. A total of 419 departments were included in the study. These 419 departments were grouped into three population categories (Under 15,000; 15,000-49,999; 50,000 and above). A survey return rate of 58% was achieved. Survey respondents were asked to list current and future uses of the World Wide Web in their departments by program and by activity. Respondents were also asked to identify why they were or were not using the web. The study also examined if there were differences between agency size and World Wide Web use, agency size and the number of computers used, and agency size and the number of computer specialists employed. Recreation professionals can use this study to identify whether their department would benefit from World Wide Web use. The information can assist in identifying strengths and weaknesses of the web in the recreation profession and in departments similar to their own.
School of Physical Education

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42

Doliber, Sarah Rebecca. "Groundwater Surface Trends in the North Florence Dunal Aquifer, Oregon Coast, USA." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/530.

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The North Florence Dunal Aquifer is the only feasible source for drinking water for the coastal city of Florence, Oregon and Florence's Urban Growth Boundary. High infiltration rates and a shallow groundwater table leave the aquifer highly susceptible to contamination from septic tank effluent, storm runoff, chemical fertilizers and recreational ATV use throughout the dunes. Public interest in the quality and quantity of the aquifer water has been sparked since the City of Florence received a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency for a watershed protection and restoration project. Delineation of the shallow groundwater surface and its relationship to the surface water bodies within the dunes is crucial in protecting this drinking water source from contamination. This thesis project created a GIS representation of the shallow groundwater elevation and associated prediction error map. Surface water bodies were confirmed as window lakes into the dunal aquifer and no signs of perched aquifer conditions were observed between Holocene and Pleistocene dunes. Ground Penetrating Radar, well data provided by the city of Florence and LiDAR were the primary sources for data collection.

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43

Weinberg, Marina. "Politics of the state and the state of politics in an indigenous community in northwestern Argentina." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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44

Molepo, Matshipi Moses. "Class consciousness in the 2012 labour disputes at Marikana, North West Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1960.

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Thesis (M. A. (Sociology)) --University of Limpopo, 2017
The purpose of this study was to explain the events surrounding the Marikana miners’ strike in 2012, using Marxism’s concept of class consciousness. The labour disputes witnessed at Marikana in 2012 represent one of the major labour movements that South Africa has witnessed since the inception of democracy. This study adopted qualitative research methods to inquire into the events of the Marikana 2012 labour disputes. Methods used in this study include qualitative research, descriptive research design, Marxism critical inquiry, purposive sampling and critical discourse analysis. Moreover, the study investigated employee relations in the mining sector. In addition, this study also examined the Marikana miner’s working and living conditions and probed the role of social control agencies, including, trade unions, bargaining councils and the police, during the protests. This study proposes a fair distribution of wealth in the mining sector and the removal of the Migrant Labour System. Additionally, this study recommends transparency in the mining sector, the transformation of the education system and the restructuring of trade unions.
University of Limpopo Research Office

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45

Chittick, Sharla. "Pride and prejudice, practices and perceptions : a comparative case study in North Atlantic environmental history." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3702.

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Due to escalating carbon-based emissions, anthropogenic climate change is wreaking havoc on the natural and built environment as higher near-surface temperatures cause arctic ice-melt, rising sea levels and unpredictable turbulent weather patterns. The effects are especially devastating to inhabitants living in the water-worlds of developing countries where environmental pressure only exacerbates their vulnerability to oppressive economic policies. As climatic and economic pressures escalate, threats to local resources, living space, safety and security are all reaching a tipping point. Climate refugees may survive, but they will fall victim to displacement, economic insecurity, and socio-cultural destruction. With the current economic system in peril, it is now a matter of urgency that the global community determine ways to modify their behaviour in order to minimize the impact of climate change. This interdisciplinary comparative analysis contributes to the dialogue by turning to environmental history for similar scenarios with contrasting outcomes. It isolates two North Atlantic water-worlds and their inhabitants at an historical juncture when the combination of climatic and economic pressures threatened their survival. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Hebrideans in the Scottish Insular Gàidhealtachd and the Wabanaki in Ketakamigwa were both responding to the harsh conditions of the ‘Little Ice Age.’ While modifying their resource management, settlement patterns, and subsistence behaviours to accommodate climate change, they were simultaneously targeted by foreign opportunists whose practices and perceptions inevitably induced oppressive economic pressure. This critical period in their history serves as the centre of a pendulum that swings back to deglaciation and then forward again to the eighteenth century to examine the relationship between climate change and human behaviour in the North Atlantic. It will be demonstrated that both favourable and deteriorating climate conditions determine resource availability, but how humans manage those resources during feast or famine can determine their collective vulnerability to predators when the climate changes. It is argued that, historically, climate has determined levels of human development and survival on either side of the North Atlantic, regardless of sustainable practices. However, when cultural groups were under extreme environmental and economic pressure, there were additional factors that determined their fate. First, the condition of their native environment and prospect for continuing to inhabit it was partially determined by the level of sustainable practices. And, secondly, the way in which they perceived and treated one another partially determined their endurance. If they avoided internal stratification and self-protectionism by prioritising the needs of the group over that of the individual, they minimised fragmentation, avoided displacement, and maintained their social and culture cohesion.

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Shuster, Gabriela. "The Management Of Feral Pig Socio-Ecological Systems In Far North Queensland, Australia." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1357345563.

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47

Araos, Francisco 1982. "Para além da biodiversidade : dimensões humanas da conservação marinha em duas regiões da América do Sul." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281187.

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Orientadores: Lúcia da Costa Ferreira, Cristiana Simão Seixas
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, a criação e implementação de Áreas Marinhas Protegidas têm-se intensificado nos diferentes oceanos do mundo. Como resposta à crise ambiental produzida pela sobre-exploração dos recursos pesqueiros, a poluição das zonas costeiras, a expansão das aglomerações urbanas nas áreas litorais e os impactos do aquecimento global, as Áreas Marinhas Protegidas aparacem como o instrumento chave para mitigar os impactos antropogênicos e promover a sustentabilidade marinha e costeira. No entanto, os conflitos causados pela imposição de áreas de proteção em zonas utilizadas por múltiplos usuários e a constatação do fracasso de muitas Áreas Marinhas Protegidas na conservação efetiva da biodiversidade, revelam a importância das dimensões humanas da conservação marinha. À luz deste problema de pesquisa, a presente tese de doutorado tem por objetivo analisar o processo decisório que define criação e implentação de duas Áreas Marinhas Protegidas na América do Sul: no Município de Navidad no Litoral Central do Chile e no Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo no Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram a emergência de arenas ambientais para a conservação marinha com a finalidade de construir regras para regular os múltiplos usos dos recursos naturais e promover a sustentabilidade das zonas costeiras. Estas arenas cumprem um papel fundamental na explicitação dos conflitos e na promoção de pactos sociais, evidenciado os alcances e limites do processo democrático vivenciado nos dois países. Para além da biodiversidade, comprova-se que a conservação marinha representa uma oportunidade única para reorientar a trajetória de insustentabilidade até agora percorrida, assim como para experimentar novas formas de fazer democracia
Abstract: Over the last years the establishment of Marine Protected Areas has intensified worldwide. In response to the environmental crisis of the oceans produced by overexploitation of fishery resources, pollution of coastal areas, the expansion of urban agglomerations in coastal zone and the impacts of global warming, Marine Protected Areas are recognized as the key tool for mitigate anthropogenic impacts and promote the marine sustainability. Nevertheless, the conflicts triggered by the imposition of protected areas in zones used by multiple users and the failure of Marine Protected Areas improving effective biodiversity conservation, highlight the relevance of the human dimensions of marine conservation. Considering this problem the thesis aims to analyze the environmental decision-making process that defines the establishment and management of two Marine Protected Areas in South America: Municipalty of Navidad at the Central Coast of Chile and North Coast of the São Paulo State in Brazil. The study demonstrates the emergence of environmental arenas for marine conservation in order to regulate the multiples uses of marine resources and support the sustainability of the coastal zones. These arenas play a key role for the recognition of conflicts and the promotion of environmental social contracts, showing the advances and constrains of the democratic process in both countries. Beyond biodiversity, marine conservation represents an exceptional opportunity to redirect the paths of unsustainability, as well to experiment new democratic practices
Doutorado
Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade

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48

Fisher, Makani Layne. "Biogeography and Natural History of Tiger Moths and Spongillaflies of Intermountain North America with Experimental Studies of Host Preference in the Lichen-Feeder Cisthene angelus (Insecta: Lepdioptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae and Neuroptera: Sisyridae)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7194.

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The Intermountain West is comprised of impressive land formations, numerous ecoregions, and a unique biota. The area has many flora and fauna that have been investigated, but the region is generally considered undersampled when it comes to insects. However, I propose the matter to be a lack of shared experience in identifying key insect species and the underutilization of professional and personal collections. These impediments are highlighted by two insect groups in the Intermountain West: spongillaflies and tiger moths.Spongillaflies can be difficult to recognize for the general entomologist and have rarely been recorded in the Intermountain West. My colleagues and I recently discovered a large population of spongillaflies in Utah that we present as a substantial additional record. I also followed the population throughout the 2016 field season to make natural history observations. I identified the spongillaflies to be Climacia californica and their associated host to be Ephydatia fluviatilis. During the season, a total of 1,731 specimens were collected, light traps were the most effective sampling technique and the population had one mass emergence event. I hope my work and figures will help investigators as they continue to search the area for spongillaflies. Tiger moths on the other hand have largely been collected in the Intermountain West and are easily recognized, generally being brightly colored. Because of these bright colors, they attract collectors and have been sampled heavily throughout the Intermountain West. However, until now, these records have not been utilized and tucked away in collections. We took the vast amount of records and used them to create predicted models of biogeography for each tiger moth species in the area. We successfully created species level ecological niche models (ENM) analyzing environmental variables such as temperature, precipitation, elevation, and vegetation. Overall, I found tiger moths can be collected almost everywhere and during each month of the year with 93 different species scattered across the region. I anticipate our ENM models to help researchers locate tiger moths of interest to investigate within the Intermountain West.During my studies, I investigated in detail the lichen feeding tiger moths (Lithosiini). Many tiger moths eat toxic plants, but only a few in the area consume lichen, an unusual host because of their secondary defensive chemicals. I investigated how these chemicals impacted Cisthene angelus caterpillars host selection by simultaneously offering them various lichens with differing chemistries. I expected these caterpillars to avoid usnic acid as it deterred other lichen feeding tiger moths. However, these caterpillars surprised me by consistently consuming the acid and being largely polyphagous. Our future work will be directed at how caterpillars balance nutritional needs and the chemicals they sequester.

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49

Garzón, Lina Paola. "Review of the Contingent Valuation Method: Experiences of its application in protected areas of Latin America and the Caribbean." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119272.

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The environmental goods and services cannot be valued through markets economically defined. Therefore, it has been necessary to implement methodologies such as contingent valuation for this purpose. This method was proposed 66 years ago and it has been widely used in different fields such as conservation of protected areas. The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical review of the contingent valuation method and to show experiences of its application in the assessment of Protected Areas in Latin America. In the sixties and seventies contingent valuation began to acquire greater importance for estimates of non-use values. Then, there was a cross-disciplinary integration of elements to strengthen the development of surveys and in the nineties appeared a criticism of its validity .Moreover, contingent valuation studies in Latin American countries have had positive results in determining the willingness to pay for recreational value, environmental services value, social benefits and public management of protected areas.
Los bienes y servicios ambientales no pueden ser valorados económicamente a través de mercados definidos, por lo que ha sido necesario la implementación de metodologías como la valoración contingente para dicho fin. Este método fue planteado hace 66 años y desde entonces ha sido ampliamente empleado en diversos campos como la conservación de áreas protegidas. El presente artículo hace una revisión teórica del método de valoración contingente y de las experiencias de su aplicación en la valoración de áreas protegidas en América Latina.En los años sesenta y setenta la valoración contingente comenzó a adquirir más importancia para la estimaciones de valores de no uso; posteriormente hubo una integración de elementos transdisciplinares para fortalecer la elaboración de encuestas y en los años noventa surgieron críticas sobre su validez. Asimismo, los estudios de valoración contingente en países latinoamericanos han tenido resultados positivos en la determinación de la disposición a pagar por aspectos como valor recreativo, valor de servicios ambientales, beneficios sociales y gestión pública de espacios protegidos.

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50

Grimberg, Priscilla. "Empresas e territ?rios: intera??es para o bem-estar - condi??es para que grandes investimentos contribuam para o desenvolvimento de territ?rios anfitri?es de suas opera??es e para seus pr?prios objetivos de neg?cio." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1566.

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The without precedents pressure over mineral resources expected for the forthcoming decades, added to the energy demand, both motivated by the consumption of almost 10 billion habitants expected for the year 2050, shall make more than double the historic investment rate of the oil and gas extractive sector, for instance. These industries and their respective chains represent approximately 5% of the Global GDP and figure in three among the ten largest world companies; however, more than half of their known reserves are located at non OECD countries, marked by inequality and low human development indexes. These forecasts also intensify the occurrence of a relationship that is not been working: the one of large private investments in territories of their operations. Economic benefits coming from the of large enterprise?s installation are most of times unable to reach local populations and the enormous flow of money and operations of large industrial scale tension the territories? economic, political and social institutions in such manner that that local populations are left in worse situation after the enterprise?s installation . Conflicts are the usual result of such scenario and emblematic cases like the Belo Monte?s Hydroelectric Plant and Rio de Janeiro Petrochemical Complex ? COMPERJ are a constant. The growth of ?non-technical risks? is recently valued by the private sector and evidences the companies? impacts of your bad relationship with the local community, among which: duplication of the time needed for the capital project?s implantation, chronogram delays and cost excess in 50% of large metal mining projects, only in the last decade. Companies invest voluntarily but these investments are not a guarantee of a good relationship and consequent inexistency of conflicts. In the past two decades innumerous publications have been launched by the sector with the common speech that the companies? favorable outcome is directly associated to the thriving development of the businesses operating territories. Such publications have been orienting businesses? policies, however, the social license to operate still figuring as the main risk and challenge for enterprises which operations have greater socio environmental risk. On the other side, the development promotion itself has been object of different explaining apparatus that alone have not been able to explain it. Only in 2012 is made available the conceptual model that evidences in which conditions prosperous territorial dynamics can be promoted. That study intends to interrogate the causes for the failure of the company-territory relationship, directly related to the failure of the territorial development, using the sector?s references for community investment strategies in comparison to the conceptual model for the promotion of successful territorial development. The general hypothesis is that the main blocking for the successful relationships between companies and society, as well as to the territorial development itself, remains in the reproduction of inequality traps that companies foment, based upon a utilitarian mentality and as the main local economic drivers. As a consequence, they promote the perpetuation of unequal situations, of conflicts and failure for both involved. The conditions for the transformation of such scenario are not emphasized and / or followed by the strategies that orient the sector.
A press?o sem precedentes sobre os recursos minerais nas pr?ximas d?cadas, aliada ? demanda de energia, ambas motivadas pelo consumo de quase 10 bilh?es de habitantes previstos para 2050, far? com que a taxa hist?rica de investimento mais que dobre para o setor extrativo e de ?leo e g?s, por exemplo. Essas ind?strias e suas cadeias representam aproximadamente 5 % do PIB global, sendo que tr?s delas figuram entre as dez maiores companhias mundiais. Entretanto, mais da metade de suas reservas conhecidas se encontram em pa?ses n?o integrantes da OECD, marcados pela desigualdade e baixos ?ndices de desenvolvimento humano. Estas previs?es intensificam tamb?m a ocorr?ncia de uma rela??o que n?o vem dando certo: a de grandes investimentos privados com seus territ?rios de opera??o. Benef?cios econ?micos oriundos da instala??o de grandes empreendimentos n?o conseguem, na grande maioria das vezes, atingir as popula??es locais e o enorme fluxo de dinheiro e de opera??es de grande escala industrial tensionam as institui??es econ?micas, pol?ticas e sociais dos territ?rios de tal forma que as popula??es locais s?o deixadas em pior situa??o ap?s a instala??o desses empreendimentos. Conflitos s?o o resultado deste cen?rio e casos emblem?ticos como da Usina hidrel?trica de Belo Monte e do Complexo Petroqu?mico do Rio de Janeiro ? COMPERJ - s?o uma constante. O crescimento dos ?riscos n?o t?cnicos? ? recentemente valorado pelo setor privado e evidencia os impactos para as empresas dessa m? rela??o com a comunidade local. Dentre os quais: duplica??o, na ?ltima d?cada, do tempo necess?rio para a implanta??o de projetos vindouros para as principais empresas internacionais do petr?leo e atrasos no cronograma e / ou excesso de custos em 50% dos grandes projetos de minera??o e metais. As empresas investem voluntariamente, mas esses investimentos n?o s?o garantia de uma boa rela??o e consequente inexist?ncia de conflitos. Nas ?ltimas duas d?cadas, in?meras publica??es s?o lan?adas pelo setor, com discurso comum de que o sucesso do empreendimento est? diretamente associado ao desenvolvimento exitoso dos territ?rios de suas opera??es empresariais. Essas publica??es t?m orientado as pol?ticas empresariais. Entretanto, a licen?a social para operar se mant?m como principal risco e desafio para empreendimentos cujas opera??es possuem maior risco de impactos socioambientais. Por outro lado, a promo??o do desenvolvimento em si tem sido objeto de diferentes aparatos explicativos que, sozinhos, n?o foram capazes de explic?-lo. Somente em 2012, ? disponibilizado um modelo conceitual que evidencia em que condi??es din?micas territoriais exitosas podem ser promovidas. Este estudo procura interrogar as causas para o fracasso da rela??o empresa e territ?rio, vinculadas diretamente ao fracasso do desenvolvimento territorial, utilizando-se das refer?ncias do setor para estrat?gias de investimento comunit?rio em compara??o com o modelo conceitual para promo??o de desenvolvimento exitoso. A hip?tese geral ? que o principal bloqueio ?s rela??es exitosas entre empresas e sociedade e ao pr?prio desenvolvimento territorial est? na reprodu??o de armadilhas de desigualdade, que as empresas - baseadas em uma mentalidade utilitarista e enquanto principais motores econ?micos locais - fomentam. Como consequ?ncia, promovem a perpetua??o de situa??es desiguais, de conflitos e insucesso para ambos envolvidos. As condi??es para transforma??o desse cen?rio n?o s?o enfatizadas e/ ou seguidas pelas estrat?gias que orientam o setor.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural resources, north america'

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