Journal articles: 'Natural resources – Tanzania – Management'

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Bishoge, Obadia Kyetuza, Lingling Zhang, Witness Gerald Mushi, and Shaldon Leparan Suntu. "An overview of the oil and natural gas revenue management in Tanzania. A mini review." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 3, no. 3 (May 13, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i3.172.

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Management of oil and gas resources or revenues from trans-boundary or disputes areas has always been an issue of controversy in most oil and gas resource-rich countries. Tanzania is among the developing countries which rise with rich in oil and gas resources. It requires more attention on how the revenues generated from these resources should be utilized sustainably. This paper, therefore, provides the current overview of the tools and institutions that offer the guidelines on oil and gas revenue management and distribution.

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Burgoyne, Chris, and Kevin Mearns. "Managing stakeholder relations, natural resources and tourism: A case study from Ololosokwan, Tanzania." Tourism and Hospitality Research 17, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358416639088.

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This manuscript investigates the complexities and challenges in the management of the Ololosokwan community conservation area in Northern Tanzania. The conservation area is adjacent to the Serengeti National Park, just south of the Tanzanian-Kenyan Border where nomadic Maasai Pastoralists are free to cross international borders in search of grazing for their cattle. The Ololosokwan community is faced with the difficulties of managing a number of conflicting land-uses and community aspirations while striving toward the maintenance of a successful and sustainable community conservation area in collaboration with a private tourism operation. Benefit sharing was found to be an effective way in which to heal negative stakeholder engagements of the past, and active participation in the development of community livelihoods was found to be a more meaningful pursuit in this cause than merely sharing money. Despite opportunities for stakeholders to show that they are willing to work together, existing conflict is likely to continue as stakeholders still mistrust each other and often align themselves with groups that share common interests.

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Brockington, Dan. "Corruption, Taxation and Natural Resource Management in Tanzania." Journal of Development Studies 44, no. 1 (January 2008): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380701722332.

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Yusuph, Mashala Lameck, and Kisumbe Lazaro Alman. "Analysis of the Factors for Sustainable Development of Oil and Gas Resources in Tanzania." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 2 (May 24, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i2.16869.

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Oil and natural gas have increasingly become potential resources for the socio-economic development of Tanzania. Understanding the factors on its sustainability remains of critical importance. This study intended to analyze the factors for the sustainable development of oil and gas resources in Tanzania. We collected quantitative data from 250 participants through a questionnaire, whereas data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that institutional development, enterprise development, and good governance are pertinent factors for the sustainable development of oil and gas resources in Tanzania. The study offers the implication that to realize the benefits of oil and gas resources for the long-term development of Tanzania, policymakers should ensure institutional and enterprise development, and promotion of governance framework to enhance transparency and accountability in the oil and gas sector. Moreover, we recommend that the realization of long-term extraction and sustainable development of oil and gas resources in Tanzania, robust policies, strategies, good governance frameworks and combined efforts of the government, oil companies, and private sector, civil organizations, and citizens’ participation in the management of oil and gas resources is of critical importance.

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Sigalla, Onesmo Z., Madaka Tumbo, and Jane Joseph. "Multi-Stakeholder Platform in Water Resources Management: A Critical Analysis of Stakeholders’ Participation for Sustainable Water Resources." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 9260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169260.

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Multi-stakeholder platforms (MSPs) have gained momentum in addressing contentious and cross-sectoral aspects of natural resources management. They have helped to enhance cross-learning and the inclusion of marginalized groups. Tanzania’s water resources management sub-sector has championed these platforms as a means of breaking silos around planning, coordination, and resource mobilization. However, it is not uncommon to experience the occasional dominance of some influential sectors or groups due to their resources contribution to the process, contemporary influence, or statutory authority. Between 2013 and 2020, Tanzania has pioneered the establishment of MSPs at a national level and across the river and lake basins. This paper examines the representation of stakeholder groups in these platforms. Additionally, it establishes the baseline information that contributes to unlocking the current project-based platform design characterized by inherent limitations to potential changes in stakeholders’ attitudes and actions. The research analyzed stakeholder’s views, their representation, and the local and international literature to formulate opinions. Findings indicated that gender equality had not been adhered to despite being in the guidelines for establishing MSPs. The balance of public, private, and civil society organizations (CSOs) is acutely dominated by the public sector organizations, especially water-related ones. Finally, participation on the decision-making level is minimal, causing unsustainable platforms unless development partners continue to support operational costs.

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Kimaro, Jerome. "A Review on Managing Agroecosystems for Improved Water Use Efficiency in the Face of Changing Climate in Tanzania." Advances in Meteorology 2019 (March 26, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9178136.

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Agroecosystems are important for food production and conservation of biodiversity while continuing to provide several ecosystem services within the landscape. Despite their economic and ecological benefits, most agroecosystems in Tanzania are degraded at alarming rates. Rapid increase of human population and unprecedented impacts of climate change have influenced depletion of natural resource base within agroecosystem in recent decades compared to what communities have experienced before. Increased food demands owing to population increase have increased pressure on exploitation of land resources including water. Cultivation area and irrigation water demands have increased steadily in the last six decades. Nevertheless, approaches used for water supply have not been improved; thus, water use efficiency in most irrigation schemes is quite poor. Conversely, climate smart agricultural practices are practiced less in Tanzania. There is poor adoption of recommended adaptation among smallholder farmers due to several socioeconomic reasons. One of the key objectives of climate smart agriculture is to improve bio-geochemical interactions within landscape and decrease competition of natural resources between humans and other component of agroecosystems. This underscores the assumptions that most cropping systems in Tanzania are not managed sustainably. Moreover, comprehensive assessment of hydrological dynamics within smallholder farming in Tanzania is highly lacking. Therefore, actual causes and extent of water resources depletion are largely unknown among stakeholders. In most tropical landscapes, water resources degradation is influenced by interaction of both anthropogenic and biophysical factors operating at different times and space scales. As the capacity of water-supplying sources continues to decline, Tanzania needs profound changes in agricultural production systems in order to nourish the growing human population. This calls for strategic approaches that have wider adaptability. A literature survey study with the following objectives was conducted (i) to assess current state of agricultural water use and irrigation activities in Tanzania and (ii) to determine major constraints for sustainable water management and identify appropriate adaptation measures for their improvement across diverse cropping systems.

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Duvail, Stéphanie, Olivier Hamerlynck, Revocatus XL Nandi, Pili Mwambeso, and Richard Elibariki. "Participatory Mapping for Local Management of Natural Resources in Villages of the Rufiji District (Tanzania)." Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries 25, no. 1 (June 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2006.tb00167.x.

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Wetengere, Kitojo. "Is Co-management a Panacea to Sustainable Management of Natural Resources? A Case of Fisheries Resources at Mindu Dam, Morogoro Region, Tanzania." Open Journal of Social Science Research 1, no. 6 (2013): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.12966/ojssr.09.08.2013.

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McCabe, J. Terrence, Paul W. Leslie, and Alicia Davis. "The Emergence of the Village and the Transformation of Traditional Institutions: A Case Study from Northern Tanzania." Human Organization 79, no. 2 (June 2020): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525.79.2.150.

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In this paper, we examine how the 2008–2009 drought in northern Tanzania contributed to and catalyzed the transformation of governance concerning the management of natural resources from traditional informal institutions among the Maasai to formal village-based institutions. Our central argument is that village governance in northern Tanzania represents a new, formal institution that is supplementing and in some important ways obviating traditional, informal institutions. Further, this replacement is central to what appears to be a transformation of the social-ecological system embracing the rangelands and pastoral/agro-pastoral people in northern Tanzania. In this paper, we document the basis for our claims concerning the institutional shift and discuss its implications for livelihoods and social relationships.

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Bishoge, Obadia Kyetuza, Lingling Zhang, Witness Gerald Mushi, and Shaldon Leparan Suntu. "The overview of the legal and institutional framework for oil and natural gas sector in Tanzania. A review." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 1, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v1i1.127.

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One of the essential tools for management of the sectors including the oil and gas sector is the legislative and institutional structure. This paper reviews the overview of the current legal and institutional framework for energy resources development, with weight on oil and gas resources and their critical significance to socio-economic and political development. It affords a comparative account of some new features and on-going trends of the activities conducted by the institutions for sustainable development of the oil and natural gas sector in Tanzania.

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Bishoge, Obadia Kyetuza, Lingling Zhang, Witness Gerald Mushi, and Shaldon Leparan Suntu. "The overview of the legal and institutional framework for oil and natural gas sector in Tanzania. A review." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 3, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i1.127.

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One of the essential tools for management of the sectors including the oil and gas sector is the legislative and institutional structure. This paper reviews the overview of the current legal and institutional framework for energy resources development, with weight on oil and gas resources and their critical significance to socio-economic and political development. It affords a comparative account of some new features and on-going trends of the activities conducted by the institutions for sustainable development of the oil and natural gas sector in Tanzania.

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Tarimo, Kileti V., and Moses I. Olotu. "Local community participation in wildlife conservation and management in Rungwa Game Reserve, Tanzania." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0009.

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AbstractLocal community participation in wildlife conservation and management is known to have existed for many years. However, the socio-economic activities regarding community participation remain questionable. Incorporating the views of the local community in the process of decision-making and providing alternative livelihood solutions are important steps towards sustainable conservation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of community participation in sustainable wildlife management in Rungwa Game Reserve. A survey was conducted of the households in Rungwa and Mwamagembe villages with a sample size of 98 respondents. The study used a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from different respondents at a single point in time. The main research methods used for data collection included: questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, field observations, focus group discussions and a review of documents. Descriptive data were summarised and presented in frequency tables and charts. Content analysis was also used to determine relationships between the variables measured. The findings revealed both positive and negative effects of wildlife conservation and management. The results revealed that local communities provided confidential information pertaining to illegal activities. The findings further indicated that there was a failure of the game reserve authorities to allow meaningful local participation and equitable sharing of the benefits, which could be attributed to hatred, resentment, and illegal harvesting of natural resources from the game reserve, resulting in poor wildlife conservation. This study recommends the encouragement and a strengthening of the involvement of local communities in wildlife conservation for the sustainable utilisation of natural resources.

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Rosa, Isabel, Dennis Rentsch, and J. Hopcraft. "Evaluating Forest Protection Strategies: A Comparison of Land-Use Systems to Preventing Forest Loss in Tanzania." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 4476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124476.

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Understanding the effects of forest management strategies is especially important to avoid unregulated natural resource extraction that leads to ecosystem degradation. In addition to the loss of crucial forest services, inefficiencies at converting these natural resources into economic gain for people ultimately exacerbates poverty. Therefore, it is important to know which conservation strategies have proven to be effective in preventing ecosystem degradation and thus be encouraged in future management plans. Here, we used a high-resolution remotely sensed dataset spanning 15 years to study forest cover dynamics across various protected areas in Tanzania. Our findings highlight particular management approaches more effective in preventing forest cover loss and promote forest cover gain, and provide valuable information for conservation efforts. Results show that National Parks have the least forest cover loss, whereas multiple-use Game Controlled Areas have the highest rates of forest loss. In fact, results suggest that these multiple use areas tend to lose more forest cover than areas with no protection or management status at all. These findings suggest the need for more effective strategies for enforcing the existing policies to ensure that socio-economic benefits to local communities are maximized and national interests are sustained.

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Birch-Thomsen, Torben, Pia Frederiksen, and Hans-Otto Sano. "A Livelihood Perspective on Natural Resource Management and Environmental Change in Semiarid Tanzania." Economic Geography 77, no. 1 (January 2001): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3594086.

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Birch-Thomsen, Torben, Pia Frederiksen, and Hans-Otto Sano. "A Livelihood Perspective on Natural Resource Management and Environmental Change in Semiarid Tanzania*." Economic Geography 77, no. 1 (February 16, 2009): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2001.tb00155.x.

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Bishoge, Obadia Kyetuza, Lingling Zhang, Witness Gerald Mushi, Shaldon Leparan Suntu, and Grace Gregory Mihuba. "An overview of the natural gas sector in Tanzania - Achievements and challenges." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 3, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i4.218.

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In the recent years, Tanzania has discovered a lot of natural gas reserves which are expected to influence positively the socio-economic and political development of the nation. It provides the potential opportunities to government, domestic and foreign companies and thelocal community. However, the main objective of any natural resource management is to assist the country to realizethe actual economic growth of its people. This paper, therefore, is intended to provide the overview of the natural gas sector in Tanzania. It analyses natural gas history, reserves, extraction and supply; infrastructure; market and pricing; and it moreover, evaluates the achievements and challenges facing the natural gas industry development.

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Graef, F., I. Schneider, A. Fasse, J. U. Germer, E. Gevorgyan, F. Haule, H. Hoffmann, et al. "Natural Resource Management and Crop Production Strategies to Improve Regional Food Systems in Tanzania." Outlook on Agriculture 44, no. 2 (June 2015): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/oa.2015.0206.

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Kinemo, Stella Malangalila. "Local Government Capacity for Solid Waste Collection in Local Markets in Tanzania." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 4 (December 24, 2019): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i4.16125.

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Solid waste collection is one of the roles of municipal councils in Tanzania stipulated by the local government Act of 1982. This study empirically examined the capacity of Morogoro Municipal Council in collecting solid waste generated from the two market centers of Mawenzi and Manzese. The study employed case study design and mixed research approaches of qualitative and quantitative. The data collection methods were in-depth interviews and questionnaire. The data obtained in this study were subjected to interpretative and content analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. Findings revealed that the most dominant type of waste generated in the two markets were the biodegradable wastes generated from natural products such as vegetables, fruits and food remains in general. More findings show that the process of solid waste management needed the resources of different types including financial resources, physical resources and human resources. It was found that Morogoro Municipal Council had inadequate resources to manage the amounts of the generated wastes in the two markets. To improve capacity of collecting solid waste in the two markets the study recommends increasing number of staff, vehicles and containers for waste collection, increase budget for solid waste collection and collect the waste frequently according to the accumulation of waste.

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Polus, Andrzej, and Wojciech Tycholiz. "David versus Goliath: Tanzania’s Efforts to Stand Up to Foreign Gas Corporations." Africa Spectrum 54, no. 1 (April 2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039719848507.

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This article presents and analyses how Tanzania, a country on the global “periphery” with a natural resource sector dominated by capital from the Global North, has thus far failed to transform its mineral wealth into sustained economic development. Using Immanuel Wallerstein’s “world systems theory” as the theoretical framework, we exemplify how the “core” exploited gold reserves in the 1990s and into the new century – and what techniques and mechanisms (e.g. asymmetry of information, imposition of inadequate management structures) it now currently uses to develop the nascent gas sector to its advantage. Scrutinising actions undertaken by the Tanzanian president to concentrate power, root out corruption, and to stand up to profit-maximising foreign corporations – or what we call the “Magufuli effect” – as way of illustration, we also demonstrate how Tanzania is trying to change its role within the international division of labour and how the core attempts to maintain the status quo meanwhile.

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NYAHONGO, J. W., M. L. EAST, F. A. MTURI, and H. HOFER. "Benefits and costs of illegal grazing and hunting in the Serengeti ecosystem." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 4 (December 2005): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906002566.

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Two forms of natural resource use (meat hunting and livestock grazing) were investigated at three sites in the western region of the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania. Statutory management of natural resources in this region was designated as National Park, Game Reserve or village council. A quasi-experimental design examined factors likely to alter the cost and benefit of illegal use by ranking areas within sites in relation to these factors. Factors likely to alter costs were the chance of arrest, determined by the presence or absence of guard posts, and the distance travelled to the site of exploitation. As all sites experienced large fluctuations in the density of migratory herbivores, it was assumed that the benefit acquired from hunting increased with wild herbivore density. Marked seasonal changes in precipitation were considered likely to alter the value of forage and water to livestock owners. Hunting effort (density of snares) increased as the density of wild herbivores increased. The distribution of hunting effort across sites was more consistent with the prediction that high travel costs were more likely to curtail hunting than a high potential cost of arrest. Unlike hunters, livestock owners mostly avoided the use of resources in protected areas probably because of the high potential cost of arrest and confiscation of stock. Natural resources within protected areas were exploited when benefits outweighed likely costs.

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Masanja, George Felix. "Agropastoral Mobility and Rangelands Multiple Uses in the Miombo Frontier Ecozone of Tabora Region, Western Tanzania." Scientifica 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5835108.

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This study aimed to examine the argument of environmental resource-use conflict as the primary cause of crop farmers and agropastoralists conflicts in Tabora Region, Tanzania. It explored the multiple interdependent phenomena that affect livelihoods relationships between crop farmers and agropastoralists and the nature of their continuing conflicts over the ecozonal resources. A primary dataset of the two groups’ conflicts was used. An ex post facto and multistage sampling design was adopted. A total of 252 respondents were interviewed in three separate villages drawn from agroecological zones fringing the miombo woodland where such tensions are high. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results indicate that education (β = −1.215, .297; p=.050), household size (β=.958, 2.607; p=.017), herd size (β = 4.276, 7.197; p=0.001), farm size (β = -1.734, .048; p=.176), the police (β = -.912, 4.582; p=.043), and village leaders (β = -.122, .885; p=.012) were the most potent predictors of causes of conflicts. The study found no support for demographic variables, like age, sex, marital status, income, duration of residence, and distance to resource base. The study recommends population growth control and strengthening of local institutions and recommends local communities to sustain management of natural resources base in the area.

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Mwalyosi, Raphael B. B. "Land-use Changes and Resource Degradation in South–West Masailand, Tanzania." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 2 (1992): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030629.

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This study uses sequential aerial photography to identify environmental changes. The interpreted aerial photos constitute a data-bank of past and present land cover/uses.* Substantial changes have been observed in the areas of cultivation, woody cover, and bare ground.An increased 449.9% of the surveyed area has been cleared for cultivation during the last 30 years, while 77.2% of the former woodland has been destroyed during the same period, contributing to a 15.6% increase in grassland. Bare ground increased by 33.1%. Increased cultivation is caused by increase in the population of subsistence farmers and mechanization. Expansion of cultivation and overexploitation of woody resources (fuel-wood and building materials) are the causes of decline in the woody vegetation. As consumption of woody resources exceeds natural regeneration, woody cover is gradually replaced by grasslands.Diminution of the woody vegetation results in shortage of fuel-wood and building materials and consequent misery to the local people. Expansion of cultivation reduces grazing-land, leading to overstocking and overgrazing. Extensive cultivation, based on soil ‘mining’, subjects more and more land to physical and chemical soil degradation, leading in turn to decline in soil fertility and crop yields. Both overgrazing and extensive cultivation accelerate soil erosion in the area, reducing available cropland, while siltation and flooding cause serious damage to property and infrastructure.Lack of effective land-use planning, uncontrolled population growth, and introduction of the Tanzanian village agricultural production system in a semi-arid area, have contributed to the present deplorable state of affairs. In general, the area shows increasing environmental degradation and resource depletion, while very little conservation effort is being made to reverse the trend. These results indicate that a sustainable resource management plan is urgently needed for the area.

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Smith, Thomas Aneurin. "Witchcraft, spiritual worldviews and environmental management: Rationality and assemblage." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 3 (October 22, 2016): 592–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16674723.

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This article interrogates the interrelationship between witchcraft, spiritual worldviews and environmental management. Drawing on diverse literatures from anthropology, conservation science and geography, this article explores how witchcraft and spiritual worldviews have been rationalised in order to explain their continued significance, for society as a whole and for the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity specifically. Using an assemblage framework, this article examines how the agencies of spirits and witches are entangled with other social and material entities, drawing on examples from three communities in Tanzania. It argues that thinking through assemblage allows the agentic capacities of spirits and witchcraft to be recognised, whilst also acknowledging their inseparability from other expressive and material components of assemblages, including social organisation and more-than-human actors. Finally, this article turns to evidence for the deterritorialisation, or breaking apart, of these assemblages around spiritual worldviews and witchcraft, and considers their future role in local conservation.

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Temple, Andrew J., Selina M. Stead, Edward Hind-Ozan, Narriman Jiddawi, and Per Berggren. "Comparison of local knowledge and researcher-led observations for wildlife exploitation assessment and management." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 4 (August 20, 2020): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000296.

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SummaryThe use of local knowledge observations to generate empirical wildlife resource exploitation data in data-poor, capacity-limited settings is increasing. Yet, there are few studies quantitatively examining their relationship with those made by researchers or natural resource managers. We present a case study comparing intra-annual patterns in effort and mobulid ray (Mobula spp.) catches derived from local knowledge and fisheries landings data at identical spatiotemporal scales in Zanzibar (Tanzania). The Bland–Altman approach to method comparison was used to quantify agreement, bias and precision between methods. Observations from the local knowledge of fishers and those led by researchers showed significant evidence of agreement, demonstrating the potential for local knowledge to act as a proxy, or complement, for researcher-led methods in assessing intra-annual patterns of wildlife resource exploitation. However, there was evidence of bias and low precision between methods, undermining any assumptions of equivalency. Our results underline the importance of considering bias and precision between methods as opposed to simply assessing agreement, as is commonplace in the literature. This case study demonstrates the value of rigorous method comparison in informing the appropriate use of outputs from different knowledge sources, thus facilitating the sustainable management of wildlife resources and the livelihoods of those reliant upon them.

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Pailler, Sharon, Robin Naidoo, Neil D. Burgess, Olivia E. Freeman, and Brendan Fisher. "Impacts of Community-Based Natural Resource Management on Wealth, Food Security and Child Health in Tanzania." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2015): e0133252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133252.

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Strauch, Ayron M., Masegeri T. Rurai, and Astier M. Almedom. "Influence of forest management systems on natural resource use and provision of ecosystem services in Tanzania." Journal of Environmental Management 180 (September 2016): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.004.

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Twisa, Sekela, Shija Kazumba, Mathew Kurian, and Manfred F. Buchroithner. "Evaluating and Predicting the Effects of Land Use Changes on Hydrology in Wami River Basin, Tanzania." Hydrology 7, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7010017.

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Understanding the variation in the hydrological response of a basin associated with land use changes is essential for developing management strategies for water resources. The impact of hydrological changes caused by expected land use changes may be severe for the Wami river system, given its role as a crucial area for water, providing food and livelihoods. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of land use changes on various elements of the hydrological processes of the basin. Hybrid classification, which includes unsupervised and supervised classification techniques, is used to process the images (2000 and 2016), while CA–Markov chain analysis is used to forecast and simulate the 2032 land use state. In the current study, a combined approach—including a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR)—is used to explore the influences of individual land use classes on fluctuations in the hydrological components. From the study, it is evident that land use has changed across the basin since 2000 (which is expected to continue in 2032), as well as that the hydrological effects caused by land use changes were observed. It has been found that the major land use changes that affected hydrology components in the basin were expansion of cultivation land, built-up area and grassland, and decline in natural forests and woodland during the study period. These findings provide baseline information for decision-makers and stakeholders concerning land and water resources for better planning and management decisions in the basin resources’ use.

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Sembosi, Solomon Jeremiah. "Implication of Socio-economic Factors on Land Use and Forest Cover Changes in and Around Magamba Nature Reserve in Tanzania." Advanced Journal of Social Science 5, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajss.5.1.108-117.

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Rural settlements in mountainous regions are a typical process that occurs in many places around the world and have a number of implications on the landscape. Among them is a threat it possesses to the conservation and management of Afromontane ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive the changes in land use and forest cover and the extent of land use and vegetation cover in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Focus group discussion, direct field observation and household survey were used to acquire socio-economic information that impacts land use and forest cover. Through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS methods Landsat satellite images of 1995, 2008 and 2015 were employed to identify the extent of the changes in land use and forest cover. The perceived factors for the changes include education level, unemployment, landless/limited, landholding, population pressure, expansion of built-up areas and agricultural land at the expense of other land covers. This study revealed the transformation of natural forest and associated vegetation from one form to another. There was a decrease in natural vegetation from 61.06% in 1995 to 26.02% in 2015 and increase in built-up areas by 6.69% and agricultural areas by 4.70%. This study recommends conservation monitoring and strong law enforcement relating to natural resources so as to promote sustainable use of resources to rescue the diminishing ecosystem services.

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Collins, Andrea M., J. Andrew Grant, and Patricia Ackah-Baidoo. "The glocal dynamics of land reform in natural resource sectors: Insights from Tanzania." Land Use Policy 81 (February 2019): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.05.027.

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Mohanan, Kiran, Tanguy Nicolas, and Lorna Slade. "Participatory Octopus Market System Development strengthens community management of marine resources on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." Oryx 52, no. 4 (September 28, 2018): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000935.

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Mambo, Phillip W., and John E. Makunga. "APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR ASSESSING LAND COVER RESOURCES VARIABILITY IN THE SELOUS GAME RESERVE, TANZANIA." European Journal of Technology 1, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejt.227.

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Purpose: The study was conducted in Selous Game Reserve, with intention of developing GIS and Remote Sensing based wildlife management system in the protected area.Methodology: All habitats were digitised using ArcGIS9.3 in which five scenes of Landsat TM and ETM+ digital images were acquired during dry seasons of the year 2000 and 2010. Band 3 and 4 of the Landsat images were used for calculation of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for determination of vegetation spatial distributionResults: The NDVI maps of year 2000 to 2010 revealed the vegetation density depletion from 0.72 (obtained in 0.46─0.72 value interval and covering 46.5% pixel area) in 2000 as compared to 0.56 ( found in 0.38─0.56 value interval and covering 8.04% pixel area) in 2010 NDVI maps.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that there was a necessity to integrate applications of remote sensing and GIS techniques for the assessment and monitoring of the natural land cover variability to detect fragmentation and loss of wildlife species.

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Sosovele, Hussein. "Policy Challenges Related to Biofuel Development in Tanzania." Africa Spectrum 45, no. 1 (April 2010): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971004500105.

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Biofuels have recently emerged as a major issue in energy policy, agricultural development and natural resource management. The growing demand for biofuels is being driven by high oil prices, energy security concerns and global climate change. In Tanzania there is growing interest on the part of foreign private investors in establishing biofuel projects, although globally there are concerns related to biofuel investments. Tanzania has approved a number of such projects, but the biofuel subsector faces several policy challenges that could clearly hamper its development. These include the lack of a holistic and comprehensive energy policy that addresses the broad spectrum of energy options and issues, and weak or absent institutional and legal frameworks. This article highlights some key policy issues critical to the development of biofuels and argues that if these challenges are not addressed at the national policy level, biofuel development may not result in the expected benefits to Tanzania and the majority of its local communities.

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Twisa, Sekela, and Manfred F. Buchroithner. "Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) Change Detection in Wami River Basin, Tanzania." Land 8, no. 9 (September 8, 2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090136.

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Anthropogenic activities have substantially changed natural landscapes, especially in regions which are extremely affected by population growth and climate change such as East African countries. Understanding the patterns of land-use and land-cover (LULC) change is important for efficient environmental management, including effective water management practice. Using remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems (GIS), this study focused on changes in LULC patterns of the upstream and downstream Wami River Basin over 16 years. Multitemporal satellite imagery of the Landsat series was used to map LULC changes and was divided into three stages (2000–2006, 2006–2011, and 2011–2016). The results for the change-detection analysis and the change matrix table from 2000 to 2016 show the extent of LULC changes occurring in different LULC classes, while most of the grassland, bushland, and woodland were intensively changed to cultivated land both upstream and downstream. These changes indicate that the increase of cultivated land was the result of population growth, especially downstream, while the primary socioeconomic activity remains agriculture both upstream and downstream. In general, net gain and net loss were observed downstream, which indicate that it was more affected compared to upstream. Hence, proper management of the basin, including land use planning, is required to avoid resources-use conflict between upstream and downstream users.

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Villa, Ferdinando, Brian Voigt, and Jon D. Erickson. "New perspectives in ecosystem services science as instruments to understand environmental securities." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1639 (April 5, 2014): 20120286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0286.

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As societal demand for food, water and other life-sustaining resources grows, the science of ecosystem services (ES) is seen as a promising tool to improve our understanding, and ultimately the management, of increasingly uncertain supplies of critical goods provided or supported by natural ecosystems. This promise, however, is tempered by a relatively primitive understanding of the complex systems supporting ES, which as a result are often quantified as static resources rather than as the dynamic expression of human–natural systems. This article attempts to pinpoint the minimum level of detail that ES science needs to achieve in order to usefully inform the debate on environmental securities, and discusses both the state of the art and recent methodological developments in ES in this light. We briefly review the field of ES accounting methods and list some desiderata that we deem necessary, reachable and relevant to address environmental securities through an improved science of ES. We then discuss a methodological innovation that, while only addressing these needs partially, can improve our understanding of ES dynamics in data-scarce situations. The methodology is illustrated and discussed through an application related to water security in the semi-arid landscape of the Great Ruaha river of Tanzania.

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Kariuki, Rebecca W., Linus K. Munishi, Colin J. Courtney-Mustaphi, Claudia Capitani, Anna Shoemaker, Paul J. Lane, and Rob Marchant. "Integrating stakeholders’ perspectives and spatial modelling to develop scenarios of future land use and land cover change in northern Tanzania." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): e0245516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245516.

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Rapid rates of land use and land cover change (LULCC) in eastern Africa and limited instances of genuinely equal partnerships involving scientists, communities and decision makers challenge the development of robust pathways toward future environmental and socioeconomic sustainability. We use a participatory modelling tool, Kesho, to assess the biophysical, socioeconomic, cultural and governance factors that influenced past (1959–1999) and present (2000–2018) LULCC in northern Tanzania and to simulate four scenarios of land cover change to the year 2030. Simulations of the scenarios used spatial modelling to integrate stakeholders’ perceptions of future environmental change with social and environmental data on recent trends in LULCC. From stakeholders’ perspectives, between 1959 and 2018, LULCC was influenced by climate variability, availability of natural resources, agriculture expansion, urbanization, tourism growth and legislation governing land access and natural resource management. Among other socio-environmental-political LULCC drivers, the stakeholders envisioned that from 2018 to 2030 LULCC will largely be influenced by land health, natural and economic capital, and political will in implementing land use plans and policies. The projected scenarios suggest that by 2030 agricultural land will have expanded by 8–20% under different scenarios and herbaceous vegetation and forest land cover will be reduced by 2.5–5% and 10–19% respectively. Stakeholder discussions further identified desirable futures in 2030 as those with improved infrastructure, restored degraded landscapes, effective wildlife conservation, and better farming techniques. The undesirable futures in 2030 were those characterized by land degradation, poverty, and cultural loss. Insights from our work identify the implications of future LULCC scenarios on wildlife and cultural conservation and in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets by 2030. The Kesho approach capitalizes on knowledge exchanges among diverse stakeholders, and in the process promotes social learning, provides a sense of ownership of outputs generated, democratizes scientific understanding, and improves the quality and relevance of the outputs.

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Lynch, A. Jasmyn J., Elikana Kalumanga, and Guillermo A. Ospina. "Socio-ecological aspects of sustaining Ramsar wetlands in three biodiverse developing countries." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 6 (2016): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15419.

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Integrating conservation and ecologically sustainable development of wetlands is a major challenge, especially in developing countries. While many developing countries harbour significant biodiversity and socio-cultural resources, they have substantial development pressures. We explore the similarities in issues around wetland conservation and sustainability in three developing countries using case studies of internationally significant wetlands in Tanzania, Colombia and Papua New Guinea. We examine key aspects of their socio-ecological values, stakeholder and governance issues, conservation and management issues, and management responses. Key challenges across these regions include inadequate knowledge and data, population and development impacts, poor regulatory and planning processes, socio-economic inequities and conflict. All three areas lack adequate inventory, survey and monitoring, and there are significant risks to some wetland values. Mechanisms such as the Ramsar Convention provide a framework to assist in addressing global wetland loss, but implementation at these sites needs to be supported by effective, integrative approaches involving natural resource regulation, conservation and the development needs of local communities. Increased commitment and resourcing, along with comprehensive stakeholder engagement, are needed to develop and implement locally tailored plans to effectively manage these sites and their values, while also addressing the range of stakeholder needs and perspectives.

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Ishengoma, Esther, and Terje I. Vaaland. "Can university-industry linkages stimulate student employability?" Education + Training 58, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-11-2014-0137.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify important university-industry linkage (UIL) activities that can stimulate the likelihood of employability among students. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 404 respondents located in Tanzania, comprising students, faculty members and employees from 20 companies operating within the oil and gas industry and mining constitute the empirical basis for the study. Descriptive analysis, the Mann-Whitney U-test and a Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to help analyse the data. Findings – The results reveal that UIL activities were strongly perceived to raise the employability of students, in particular student internships in companies followed by joint projects and the involvement of companies in modernizing university curricula. Adoption and diffusion internship strategies are suggested for foreign companies and for local firm, respectively, as vehicles for increasing employability. Research limitations/implications – Perceived effects on the likelihood of employability are measured, and not actual effects. Practical implications – The findings have implications for foreign companies exploring resources in the host country, local firms trying to improve competitiveness, universities trying to improve its role in society, students preparing for work-life and policy makers defining premises for resource-extractive foreign companies. Originality/value – Very few empirical studies of UILs have previously been carried out in a developing country context, and in particular in dealing with student employability. The fact that many developing nations have attractive rich natural resources implies that international companies have a motive to invest in the UILs, and possess valuable competencies that can improve the overall quality of the universities and the attractiveness of graduating students.

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GILLINGHAM, SARAH, and PHYLLIS C. LEE. "The impact of wildlife-related benefits on the conservation attitudes of local people around the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania." Environmental Conservation 26, no. 3 (September 1999): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892999000302.

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In recent years there has been a proliferation of projects aiming to integrate human development needs with conservation objectives, and to establish mutually beneficial relationships for the management of natural resources between rural communities and the state. This paper presents data from a case study of human-wildlife interactions in villages along the northern boundary of the Selous Game Reserve in south-east Tanzania. Since 1989, this area has been the site of a project working to promote community wildlife management (CWM). Questionnaire survey data were used to examine villagers' conservation attitudes towards wildlife, the Game Reserve, and the activities of the CWM project and state wildlife management authority. Despite local support for the conservation of wildlife, many respondents were either unaware or held negative views of the activities of the wildlife management institutions. Logistic regression analyses show that while access to game meat from the CWM project has had a positive influence on perceptions of wildlife benefits and awareness of the project's activities, it has had no significant effect on local perceptions of the Game Reserve and the activities of the state wildlife management authority. The factors underlying the observed pattern of conservation attitudes were identified as the inequitable distribution of benefits from the CWM project, and the limited nature of community participation in wildlife management. The importance of institutional issues for the future progress of participatory approaches to conservation with development is emphasized.

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Marealle, Wilfred N., Grethe Stavik Eggen, and Eivin Røskaft. "Faecal Glucocorticoids Metabolite Response in Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) in Relation to Protected Area Management Objectives in Tanzania." East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.2.1.142.

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The increase in the human population and the demand for natural resources and recreational activities poses insurmountable threats to the welfare and survival of wildlife. Human disturbance negatively impacts wildlife populations. A prospective way of determining wildlife welfare is to assess stress. To manage and conserve giraffes, it is vital to understand their stress factors and their responses to stressors. This study used a non-invasive (faecal collection) technique to evaluate the Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite (FGM) levels of giraffes depending on the protected area type, poaching risk, group size, age and sex. The study took place at the Serengeti National Park and Selous Game Reserve where a total of 63 faecal samples were randomly collected from 272 giraffe groups. A significant difference in the FGM levels between the sexes was found, as females had higher concentrations compared to males. In addition, a significant difference was found in relation to group size and age; however, protection type and poaching risk did not have any significant effect. Stressful conditions when prolonged can result in deteriorating animal welfare especially in calves and young animals thus their survival. However, the level of impaired FGMs and the amount of time required to produce damage are not known. In this regard, conservation strategies should seek to minimize the occurrence of stressful events in protected areas.

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Nzyoka, Judith, Peter A. Minang, Priscilla Wainaina, Lalisa Duguma, Lucas Manda, and Emmanuel Temu. "Landscape Governance and Sustainable Land Restoration: Evidence from Shinyanga, Tanzania." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 7730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147730.

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Inclusive land restoration is increasingly considered to be a critical sustainable pathway to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in developing countries. The literature suggests that good governance practices support successful sustainable natural resource management. The study assesses the role of landscape governance in a long-term thriving forest and landscape restoration project in Shinyanga. We apply the good governance principles, which include participation, representation and legitimacy, actor interactors, equity and fairness, accountability and transparency, and respect for local knowledge. Descriptive methods are used to analyze the data collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The evidence suggests that all of the principles contributed positively to the successful restoration, except for accountability and transparency. Building on local knowledge and institutions, the local rules and norms of restoration constituted the foundation of the success. Equity and empowerment were the least influential attributes due to the exclusion of women in the management of the restoration areas. The actors identified the enhancement of the incentives, equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms, performance, and accountability instruments as the key governance aspects that would benefit land restoration at the landscape level. Furthermore, cohesion and synergies amongst the different actors, the governing structures, and recognizing formal and informal institutions’ interactions are vital determinants of restoration outcomes.

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Gebrekidan, Bisrat Haile, Thomas Heckelei, and Sebastian Rasch. "Characterizing Farmers and Farming System in Kilombero Valley Floodplain, Tanzania." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 7114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177114.

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Recognizing the diversity of farmers is crucial for the success of agricultural, rural, or environmental programs and policies aimed at the sustainable use of natural resources. In this study, based on survey data collected in the Kilombero Valley Floodplain (KVF) in Tanzania, we design a typology of farmers to describe the range of farm types and farming systems systematically, and to understand their livelihood and land use behavior. The KVF is the largest, low-altitude, seasonally-flooded, freshwater wetland in East Africa. Despite its values, KVF is a very fragile ecosystem threatened by current and future human interventions. We apply multivariate statistical analysis (a combination of principal component analysis and cluster analysis) to identify farm groups that are homogenous within and heterogeneous between groups. Three farm types were identified: “Monocrop rice producer”, “Diversifier”, and “Agropastoralist”. Monocrop rice producers are the dominant farm types, accounting for 65 percent of the farm households in the valley, characterized by more than 80 percent of the land allocated to rice, showing strong market participation and high utilization of labor. Diversifiers, on the other hand, allocate more land to maize and vegetables. Agropastoralists account for 7 percent of the surveyed farmers and differ from the other two groups by, on average, larger land ownership, a combination of livestock and crop production, and larger household sizes. This typology represents the diversity of farmers in KVF concerning their land use and livelihood strategy, and will allow to target policy interventions. Besides, it may also inform further research about the diverse landscape of floodplain farming, through the classification and interpretation of different socio-economic positions of farm households.

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Sabai, Daniel. "Disambiguating Praxis from Practice in Natural Resource Management: A Practical Space for Enhancing Experiential Learning in the Eastern Coast of Tanzania." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2017-0008.

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Abstract It is evident that practice and praxis have significantly contributed to knowledge generation in the Tanzanian coastal belt, especially where Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) programmes have been adopted and practiced such as Tanga, Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Lindi, and the Coastal region (KICAMP, 2001; NICEMS, 2003). In spite of such learning evidences, users of generated natural resource data in the coastal area tend to employ practice and praxis interchangeably, conflating the two concepts together; leading to a situation where one may hardly ascribe generated knowledge appropriately to contexts that favour occurrence of each of the two constructs. The paper adopts ethnographic approach in a defined coastal case study to examine contexts and situations that signals “conflationˮ and it employs examples that may help readers of the article to disambiguate praxis from practice.

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Malley, Zacharia J., Abigail Hart, Louise Buck, Pius L. Mwambene, Zacharia Katambara, Marco Mng’ong’o, and Consolatha Chambi. "Integrated agricultural landscape management: Case study on inclusive innovation processes, monitoring and evaluation in the Mbeya Region, Tanzania." Outlook on Agriculture 46, no. 2 (June 2017): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727017709393.

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Integrated landscape management is a process for achieving multiple objectives related to agricultural production, ecosystem conservation, and sustainable natural resource management. These multiple livelihood functions are important features of an agricultural landscape in Mbeya, Tanzania. Due to environmental damage caused by agricultural expansion and charcoal burning, a process called integrated agricultural landscape management (IALM) was implemented to address this problem. This encompassed the identification and involvement of a range of key landscape actors and processes like awareness creation and joint problem analysis, solution framing, learning, planning and implementation of actions, and monitoring and evaluation. A multistakeholder innovation platform was formed for creating a coordination mechanism, common understanding, vision and goals, and networking. Fifty IALM ideas were identified and six selected by the stakeholders. Outcomes of using the IALM process included policy recommendations, joint learning, and innovative actions and were codeveloped, implemented, monitored, and evaluated with the local communities.

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Mayunga, J. S., and G. A. Uhinga. "MAPPING SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANGROVES IN MAFIA ISLAND IN TANZANIA USING LANDSAT IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W8 (July 11, 2018): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w8-133-2018.

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Abstract. Mangroves are important for survival of coastal communities as they provide ecosystem services that support coastal population and their livelihoods. Most coastal communities largely depend on ecosystem services provided by mangroves such as fuel wood, building poles, charcoal, and also mangroves provide spawning ground for coastal fishes. Most importantly mangroves act as a buffer that protects coastal communities from natural hazards such as tropical storms, strong winds, beach erosion, and even tsunami. Despite the important role that mangroves play, yet mangroves are under serious threat to extinction worldwide. Many mangrove-rich developing countries, including Tanzania, are facing challenges in establishing effective management plans to protect increasingly threatened mangrove ecosystems. Most of these challenges are associated with inadequate or nonexistent of up-to-date and accurate geospatial information. Knowledge on extent and spatial distribution of mangroves is critical in planning and effective management of mangroves. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of mangroves in Mafia Island using remotely sensed data for three decades (1985&ndash;2013). Results revealed a decrease of mangroves from 3,708.36ha in 1985 to 3,187.25ha in 2013. From the spatiotemporal dimension point of view, the results show that overall mangroves in Mafia Island have been gradually decreasing over time. This trend suggests a decline rate of about 14% for the period of 28 years, which is an average rate of 0.5% per year. This rate of mangrove loss should not be underestimated; effective protection measures and sustainable utilization of mangrove resources are needed.

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Nunan, Fiona, MarlynA Omondi, AzizaY Nchimbi, MwitaM Mangora, JamesG Kairo, MwanahijaS Shalli, and NarrimanS Jiddawi. "The Silos of Natural Resource Governance: Implications of Sector-led Coastal Management at the Village Level in Kenya and Zanzibar-Tanzania." Conservation and Society 18, no. 2 (2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_18_116.

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Burgess, Neil D., Bruno Bahane, Tim Clairs, Finn Danielsen, Søren Dalsgaard, Mikkel Funder, Niklas Hagelberg, et al. "Getting ready for REDD+ in Tanzania: a case study of progress and challenges." Oryx 44, no. 3 (July 2010): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000554.

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AbstractThe proposed mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) offers significant potential for conserving forests to reduce negative impacts of climate change. Tanzania is one of nine pilot countries for the United Nations REDD Programme, receives significant funding from the Norwegian, Finnish and German governments and is a participant in the World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility. In combination, these interventions aim to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, provide an income to rural communities and conserve biodiversity. The establishment of the UN-REDD Programme in Tanzania illustrates real-world challenges in a developing country. These include currently inadequate baseline forestry data sets (needed to calculate reference emission levels), inadequate government capacity and insufficient experience of implementing REDD+-type measures at operational levels. Additionally, for REDD+ to succeed, current users of forest resources must adopt new practices, including the equitable sharing of benefits that accrue from REDD+ implementation. These challenges are being addressed by combined donor support to implement a national forest inventory, remote sensing of forest cover, enhanced capacity for measuring, reporting and verification, and pilot projects to test REDD+ implementation linked to the existing Participatory Forest Management Programme. Our conclusion is that even in a country with considerable donor support, progressive forest policies, laws and regulations, an extensive network of managed forests and increasingly developed locally-based forest management approaches, implementing REDD+ presents many challenges. These are being met by coordinated, genuine partnerships between government, non-government and community-based agencies.

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Näschen, Kristian, Bernd Diekkrüger, Mariele Evers, Britta Höllermann, Stefanie Steinbach, and Frank Thonfeld. "The Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Change (LULCC) on Water Resources in a Tropical Catchment in Tanzania under Different Climate Change Scenarios." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 7083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247083.

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Many parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are prone to land use and land cover change (LULCC). In many cases, natural systems are converted into agricultural land to feed the growing population. However, despite climate change being a major focus nowadays, the impacts of these conversions on water resources, which are essential for agricultural production, is still often neglected, jeopardizing the sustainability of the socio-ecological system. This study investigates historic land use/land cover (LULC) patterns as well as potential future LULCC and its effect on water quantities in a complex tropical catchment in Tanzania. It then compares the results using two climate change scenarios. The Land Change Modeler (LCM) is used to analyze and to project LULC patterns until 2030 and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is utilized to simulate the water balance under various LULC conditions. Results show decreasing low flows by 6–8% for the LULC scenarios, whereas high flows increase by up to 84% for the combined LULC and climate change scenarios. The effect of climate change is stronger compared to the effect of LULCC, but also contains higher uncertainties. The effects of LULCC are more distinct, although crop specific effects show diverging effects on water balance components. This study develops a methodology for quantifying the impact of land use and climate change and therefore contributes to the sustainable management of the investigated catchment, as it shows the impact of environmental change on hydrological extremes (low flow and floods) and determines hot spots, which are critical for environmental development.

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Juma, Ibrahim, Agnes Nyomora, Helena Persson Hovmalm, Moneim Fatih, Mulatu Geleta, Anders S. Carlsson, and Rodomiro Octavio Ortiz. "Characterization of Tanzanian Avocado Using Morphological Traits." Diversity 12, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12020064.

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Two-hundred and twenty-six old avocado trees (Persea americana Mill) derived from seeds were selected from eight districts of the Mbeya, Njombe and Songwe regions in Tanzania. The tree, leaf, fruit and seed characteristics were studied using the descriptors for avocado (Persea spp.) from the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. Cross tabulation and Chi-square tests were conducted in order to assess the distribution of traits between districts and altitude ranges. Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to assess variation of traits within and among districts. Various morphological features were observed among the samples which point to the existence of the Mexican, Guatemalan and West Indian avocado races in Tanzania. The biplot from PCoA revealed extensive variation between the sampled trees at the district level but no clear groupings of the samples based on geographic location. Likewise, dendrograms ensuing from the neighbor–joining and Wards methods displayed that the avocado samples from the same district and even region differed considerably. This morphological trait variation suggests high diversity that may help in planning germplasm management and conservation, as well as breeding strategies in the future.

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Bamford, Andrew J., Daniella Ferrol-Schulte, and Jennifer Wathan. "Human and wildlife usage of a protected area buffer zone in an area of high immigration." Oryx 48, no. 4 (January 27, 2014): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000215.

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AbstractPopulation growth near protected areas threatens the capacity of such areas for biodiversity conservation. Protected areas may even encourage growth by providing economic benefits that attract migrants. Consequently, understanding the relationships between human demographics and biodiversity is important for conservation. We studied a community-governed Wildlife Management Area bordering the Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania, set up to benefit local people and the subsistence rural economy. Annual population growth in this area is 5%. We used a combination of ecological and socio-economic surveys to determine the causes of this growth and its effect on wildlife in the Wildlife Management Area. One-third of local people interviewed were immigrants to the area. Population growth appeared to be unrelated to the protected area; instead an increasing proportion of immigrants cited readily available land as their reason for moving. Pastoralism was associated with fewer signs of large grazing mammals and elephants Loxodonta africana and agriculture was associated with fewer signs of elephant and buffalo Syncerus caffer but more signs of other ungulates. Few residents were aware of the Wildlife Management Area and few received any benefits from wildlife and therefore had little reason to conserve it. This situation is attributable to poor management of the Wildlife Management Area. Detrimental effects of human activity could spread to the Selous Game Reserve if population growth continues. However, natural resources could benefit residents if properly managed. Interactions between human demographics and protected areas are complex and may be best managed on a case-by-case basis.

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Msofe, Nangware Kajia, Lianxi Sheng, Zhenxin Li, and James Lyimo. "Impact of Land Use/Cover Change on Ecosystem Service Values in the Kilombero Valley Floodplain, Southeastern Tanzania." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010109.

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Land use/cover change (LUCC) attributed to natural factors and human activities has led to the loss of ecosystem services, making the quantitative valuation of ecosystem services the scientific focal pointfor sustainable development. This study assessed changes in the ecosystem services values (ESVs) due to LUCC during the period 1990–2016 in the Kilombero Valley floodplain, located in southeastern Tanzania. Moderate resolution Landsat images from 1990, 2010 and 2016 were obtained and analyzed using a random forest (RF) algorithm for classification, and ArcGIS Desktop software (version 10.2, Esri, Redlands, CA, USA) for mapping to assess the LUCC. The ESVs were estimated based on the benefit transfer approach using adopted global value coefficients and modified local value coefficients. The results revealed that the aggregated ESVs of the forests, bushlands, wetlands, and water had decreased, consequently leading to a total loss of US$ 811.5 million (26.6%) in ESVs over the past 26 years when calculated with the modified local value coefficients to US$ 3000.7 million (42.3%) when calculated with global value coefficients. Moreover, the loss in the ESV was attributed to the decreased values of water regulation, climate regulation, erosion control, nutrient cyclying, habitat/refugia, and water supply, with the exception of the values of food production and biological control, which gradually increased during the study period. This study provided minimum estimates of the ecosystem service values, which willcontribute to the formulation of policy actions and strategies for sustainable management of the Kilombero Valley floodplain and inform various stakeholders on the tradeoffs involved in the use of land resources.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural resources – Tanzania – Management'

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