Journal articles: 'Natural resources – Zimbabwe – Management'

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Milne, G. R., and A. Hoole. "The Zimbabwe Natural Resources Management Programme and lessons in cross-cultural exchange." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70704-6.

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Since early 1992, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources has been executing a five year, $19 million CIDA-funded capacity building programme in the Republic of Zimbabwe, in southern Africa. The programme has a policy development project (EPCU) in the Ministry of Environment and Tourism head office, and an operational level project (RTB) in the Department of Natural Resources. Training and the exchange of skills, knowledge, and experience are critical elements in both projects. The cross-cultural exchange method used by the two Canadian EPCU advisors has evolved from a direct one-on-one approach with only two Zimbabwean counterparts, to a broader approach involving five primary counterparts in the immediate unit, and several secondary counterparts in other branches of the local Ministry. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. From experience gained to date however, the broader approach appears better suited for implementing the EPCU project objectives in light of local conditions and constraints.

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Chigonda, Tanyaradzwa. "More than Just Story Telling: A Review of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilisation from Precolonial to Postcolonial Zimbabwe." Scientifica 2018 (August 19, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6214318.

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Access to natural resources has changed over the years in Zimbabwe. At least three broad periods of biodiversity conservation, utilisation, and access can be identified in the country, namely, the precolonial, colonial, and postindependence periods. This paper reviews the relationships between human livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the rural areas of Zimbabwe during these periods and is informed by an extensive review of the relevant literature. A combination of historical narrative, thematic, and content analysis was used in analysing the various documents into meaningful information addressing the objective of the study. Traditional societies in precolonial Zimbabwe had access to abundant natural resources. However, access to these resources was not uncontrolled, but was limited by traditional beliefs, taboos, and customs enforced through community leadership structures. The advent of colonialism in the late 19th century dispossessed indigenous African communities of natural resources through command-type conservation legislation. At independence in 1980, the new majority government sought to redress the natural resource ownership imbalances created during colonialism, culminating in some significant measure of devolution in natural resource management to local communities in the late 1980s, though such devolution has been criticised for being incomplete. An accelerated land reform exercise since the year 2000 has adversely affected biodiversity conservation activities in the country, including the conservation-related livelihood benefits derived from protected areas. The review paper highlights the need for a more complete devolution of natural resource ownership and management down to the grassroots levels in the communal areas, if social and ecological sustainability is to be fully realised in these areas. On the other hand, the disruption of conservation activities in the country due to the ill-planned accelerated land reform exercise that has demarcated land for arable farming in some of the protected areas should be held in check as a matter of urgency.

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Reniko, Gondo, Patricia K. Mogomotsi, and Goemeone E. J. Mogomotsi. "Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Natural Resources Management in Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe." International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2018.1475869.

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Mbereko, Alexio, Billy B. Mukamuri, and Moses J. Chimbari. "Exclusion and contests over wetlands used for farming in Zimbabwe: a case study of broad-ridge and broad-furrow tillage system on Zungwi Vlei." Journal of Political Ecology 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v22i1.21111.

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In Zimbabwe, a broad-ridge and broad-furrow tillage system was promoted by the state, scientists and a nongovernmental organisation for its presumed agronomic and environmental viability and economic returns for small farmers. Zungwi vlei, a wetland of value to the community was transformed from a common use natural resource into a limited access broad-ridge and broad-furrow irrigation landscape that benefited a small number of people. Our study sought to understand conflicts over natural resources access, use and management arising from this land use change. The study adopted mixed methods combining qualitative and quantitative data collection tools. The results indicated the presence of a wide range of internal and external conflicts following the transformation of the landscape. Prior to the transformation, low levels of conflict were noted. We concluded that despite the ability of the broad-ridge and furrow tillage system to boost agricultural productivity per square meter, it triggered considerable resource use conflicts as fewer families directly benefited from the innovation.Key words: Development, vlei, agricultural technology, resources conflict, political ecology, Zimbabwe

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Matema, Steven, and Jens A. Andersson. "Why are lions killing us? Human–wildlife conflict and social discontent in Mbire District, northern Zimbabwe." Journal of Modern African Studies 53, no. 1 (February 12, 2015): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x14000664.

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AbstractAn emerging perspective on Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Zimbabwe is that increased authoritarianism in governance has enabled elite capture of wildlife resources and silenced local people's voices. This paper qualifies this perspective, showing how ordinary people continue to raise their concerns about local governance. In the Mbire district, people's interpretations of an upsurge in lion attacks on livestock and people in early 2010 took on a dimension of social commentary on the evolving governance arrangements in the district and beyond. Beneath an apparent human–wildlife conflict lie complex human–human conflicts about access to, and governance of, wildlife resources. Interpretations of the lion attacks built on two distinct epistemologies – a local religious discourse on spirit lions and an ecological one – but invariably construed outsiders as the ones accountable for local problems. This construction of outsiders is also a salient feature of Zimbabwean political discourse. Local voices thus constitute a widely understood discourse of protest.

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Taylor, Russell. "Community based natural resource management in Zimbabwe: the experience of CAMPFIRE." Biodiversity and Conservation 18, no. 10 (June 10, 2009): 2563–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9612-8.

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Magagula, Tommy. "CHRISTIAN IDENTITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 1 (September 30, 2016): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/91.

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A quick glance at the campus of many a theological college in Zimbabwe reveals the need to entrench environmental ethics which transcend personal and traditional convictions. This paper seeks to be a prophetic voice on this topic by exploring the essentials of Christian ethics and the way in which the entrenchment of such ethics may impede or enhance our stewardship of natural resources. We will explore the hopelessness of religious fatalism and the entrenched beliefs that prevent us from making optimal environmental decisions. The article specifically focuses on the impact of waste management in Zimbabwe. The errors of being short-sighted in our religiosity will be scrutinised, especially regarding the impact of our decisions on environmental management.

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Nyakuwanika, Moses, Huibrecht Margaretha van der Poll, and John Andrew van der Poll. "A Conceptual Framework for Greener Goldmining through Environmental Management Accounting Practices (EMAPs): The Case of Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 10466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810466.

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Goldmining contributes substantially to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Zimbabwean economy through revenue generated from exports, however it also incurred numerous challenges to the environment. Amongst others, these challenges embody ecological degradation; water and air pollution; and depletion of natural resources. In this paper, we establish the effects of mining operations on the environment through a comprehensive literature review, and how the integration of environmental management accounting practices (EMAPs) such as material flow cost accounting (MFCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and activity-based costing (ABC) could be integrated into a conceptual framework to address environmental challenges. EMAPs were chosen as they generate both physical and monetary data, which could promote transparency in material usage within the goldmining sector. Our analyses revealed a substantial body of literature on separate and individual EMAPs, yet very little was found on the integration of EMAPs. The main contribution of this work is the development of an integrated conceptual EMAPs framework on the strength of sets of qualitative propositions, aimed at promoting green goldmining for Zimbabwe as a developing economy. Future work would involve the validation of the framework among key stakeholders in the Zimbabwean goldmining industry.

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CHILD, BRIAN, and GRENVILLE BARNES. "The conceptual evolution and practice of community-based natural resource management in southern Africa: past, present and future." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (August 12, 2010): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000512.

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SUMMARYThis paper reviews the concept and practice of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) as it has evolved in southern Africa, with a particular focus on Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Zambia. It recognizes that, like democracy, CBNRM is both an imperfect process and a conceptual goal. The governance of economic processes, property rights and local political organization lie at the heart of CBNRM. The first challenge is to replace fiscal centralization, fees and bureaucracy (and the subsidization of alternative land uses) that have historically undervalued wild resources, so that CBNRM's comparative economic advantage is reflected in landholder and community incentives. Second, devolving property rights to communities shifts resource governance, responsibility and benefit appropriately to the local level. This necessitates accountable, transparent and equitable micro-governance, which in turn is linked to effective meso-level support and monitoring and cross-scale linkages between central government and local communities. This paper outlines the evolution of current models of CBNRM in the region and suggests core strategies for the next generation of CBNRM.

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Njaya, Tavonga, and Nelson Mazuru. "Emerging New Farming Practices and their Impact on the Management of Woodlots in A1 Resettlement Areas of Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe." Asian Development Policy Review 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.107.2014.21.1.19.

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The study reflected on the impact of new farming methods on the management of woodlots in A1 resettlement areas in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe. Data for the study were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations and documentary review so as to triangulate the evidence. A structured household questionnaire was used to collect socio-economic and production data pertaining to A1 farms. The study revealed that the use of wood fuel in tobacco curing has contributed to the destruction of woodlots. Meanwhile, there is a gradual breakdown of local systems for natural resource management and the dearth of any emerging alternative institutions. The study recommended the integration of positive elements of traditional institutional set up of local communities to ensure sustainable use of natural resources and continued livelihood streams. The government should provide and empower A1 farmers with expertise on extension methods that focus on conservation and agricultural technologies that are environmentally friendly.

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Utete, Beaven, Tamuka Nhiwatiwa, Blessing Kavhu, Samuel Kusangaya, Nyashadzashe Viriri, Accurate W. Mbauya, and Joshua Tsamba. "Assessment of water levels and the effects of climatic factors and catchment dynamics in a shallow subtropical reservoir, Manjirenji Dam, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water and Climate Change 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2018): 580–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.134.

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Abstract Natural water level fluctuations have associated effects on water quality and resident aquatic communities, although their impacts are magnified if the dams have other non-seasonal designated multiple uses. Research demonstrates that excessive water level fluctuations impair ecosystem functioning, ultimately leading to shifts between clear-water and turbid states in shallow lakes. However, these data lack for Manjirenji Dam in Zimbabwe, thus hampering efforts towards effective freshwater resources management in the shallow reservoir. This study analyzed water levels and their fluctuations, and assessed the effects of climatic factors and catchment dynamics using a combination of historical and remote sensed data for the shallow Manjirenji Dam in Zimbabwe. Time series and multiple regression analysis were used to determine water level trends, and the influence of catchment and climatic components in Manjirenji Dam. Lake levels have increased since construction, though their non-significant seasonal variation in the Manjirenji Dam reflects the overlapping effects of catchment and climatic variables. Despite the inferred high stability and resilience, the high fluctuation widths expose the dam to hydrodynamic and climate shocks which have major ecological and conservation implications. A climate change based integrated water resources management approach is necessary for sustainable water resources utilisation in the Manjirenji Dam.

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Nhapi, Innocent, and Huub J. Gijzen. "Wastewater management in Zimbabwe in the context of sustainability." Water Policy 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0033.

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Conventional sanitation approaches are rather inappropriate and expensive ways of providing a satisfactory solution to increasing wastewater problems in developing countries. This paper looks at the financial and environmental implications of the sanitation approaches adopted in Zimbabwe, and from the weaknesses identified, suggests a paradigm shift in which wastewater treatment is geared towards resource recovery and reuse. It was observed that unsustainable methods continue to be used because of deficient institutional arrangements and irrational technology choices made in the past. Natural treatment methods were recommended because they are low cost, easy to operate and maintain, and allow for the re-use of effluent. To achieve this requires a responsive institutional and funding mechanism backed by realistic legislation.

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Chigora, Farai, and Clever Vutete. "Elasticity of Demand a Critical Form Tourism Market Position: Understanding Zimbabwe Tourism Destination." Case Studies in Business and Management 2, no. 2 (November 13, 2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/csbm.v2i2.8570.

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The study investigated the concept of elasticity of demand in relation to Zimbabwe tourism destination performance. The main variables for analysis as drivers for elasticity of demand in Zimbabwe tourism destination have been identified as price charged, tourists’ disposable income, price of other related tourism destinations, marketing and media publicity. The study applied a triangulation research design (both quantitative and qualitative designs). The results of the research showed that price, disposable income and price of other related tourism destinations are critical in enhancing market position of the Zimbabwe tourism destination. Also tourism specified variables which are naturalistic and cultural originality have proved to be on the forefront in improving tourism demand. This is because they are tools which enhance decision making, pricing strategy, government tax levels and price discrimination. The research therefore recommended a low pricing strategy to meet the general economic affordability, aligning to the low disposable income of the locals and matching with the prices charged by other regional and international destinations so as to be competitive and gain market share. Original culture and sustainable management of natural resources have been regarded as pertinent drivers to improve tourism demand in Zimbabwe.

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Mutizwa, Bismark. "An Investigation into Organisation Capacity for National Disaster Management in Zimbabwe: The Case of the Department of Civil Protection." International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0401.207.

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Across the globe, disasters – both natural and man-made – have threatened humanity. These disasters had grave and devastating impact on human life, infrastructure, and the environment as evidenced by the February 2000 Cyclone Eline and March 2019 Cyclone Idai. This research sought to investigate the Department of Civil Protection`s (DCP) capacity in national disaster management. The research examines how the DCP handled cyclones from 2000-2019 in Chimanimani District. Organisational capacity was assessed on the basis of its core principles which are: leadership, management and operations, community engagement, service and evaluation. The study discovered that inadequate financial and human resources, poor emergency response systems, weak learning and lessons drawing, reactive disaster management, weak pre-disaster management community engagement, poor reconstruction and failure to harmonise military and DCP operational structures are factors undermining DCP`s capacity for national disaster management. The research recommends that government should avail adequate resources, DCP should be proactive in disaster management, should openly contract-out reconstruction works, and collaborate with universities to strengthen organisational learning capacity, align military and DCP operational structures and processes and let Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO) distribute food and other humanitarian aid.

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Frost, Peter, Bruce Campbell, Martin (marty) Luckert, Manyewu Mutamba, Alois Mandondo, and Witness Kozanayi. "In Search of Improved Rural Livelihoods in Semi-Arid Regions through Local Management of Natural Resources: Lessons from Case Studies in Zimbabwe." World Development 35, no. 11 (November 2007): 1961–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.11.012.

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George, D. A., J. F. Clewett, R. Selvaraju, and C. Birch. "Applied Climate Education and Training for Agricultural and Natural Resource Management in India, Indonesia, Zimbabwe and Australia." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 12, no. 2 (June 2006): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13892240600861674.

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Nhapi, I., H. J. Gijzen, and M. A. Siebel. "A conceptual framework for the sustainable management of wastewater in Harare, Zimbabwe." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0665.

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The aim of this study was to formulate an integrated wastewater management model for Harare, Zimbabwe, based on current thinking. This implies that wastewater is treated/disposed of as close to the source of generation as possible. Resource recovery and reuse in a local thriving urban agriculture are integrated into this model. Intervention strategies were considered for controlling water, nitrogen and phosphorus flows to the lake. In the formulation of strategies, Harare was divided into five major operational areas of high-, medium-, and low-density residential areas, and also commercial and industrial areas. Specific options were then considered to suit landuse, development constraints and socio-economic status for each area, within the overall criteria of limiting nutrient inflows into the downstream Lake Chivero. Flexible and differential solutions were developed in relation to built environment, population density, composition of users, ownership, future environmental demands, and technical, environmental, hygienic, social and organisational factors. Options considered include source control by the users (residents, industries, etc.), using various strategies like implementation of toilets with source separation, and natural methods of wastewater treatment. Other possible strategies are invoking better behaviour through fees and information, incentives for cleaner production, and user responsibility through education, legislative changes and stricter controls over industry.

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Merz, Leandra, Di Yang, and Vanessa Hull. "A Metacoupling Framework for Exploring Transboundary Watershed Management." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051879.

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Water is crucial for ecosystem health and socioeconomic development, but water scarcity is becoming a global concern. Management of transboundary watersheds is inherently challenging and has the potential to lead to conflict over the allocation of water resources. The metacoupling framework, which explores the relationships between coupled human and natural systems that are nested within multiple different scales, has been proposed to inform more holistic management of transboundary watersheds. This paper provides the first attempt to apply a metacoupling framework to a transboundary watershed for an improved integrated understanding of this complex system at multiple spatial scales. It does so with the transnational Limpopo River watershed in Southern Africa, which covers 1.3% of the continent and supports the livelihoods of 18.8 million people living in Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a growing gap between water availability and demand; the primary drivers are population growth and agriculture expansion. The novelty of the paper is outlining the importance of applying a metacoupling framework to transboundary watersheds, identifying the limitations to this application, and providing a detailed assessment of the steps needed to complete this application. We also identify directions for future research including application of a metacoupling framework to other transboundary watersheds and exploration of spillover effects and externalities within this and other transboundary watersheds.

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TWOMLOW, STEVE, BEKELE SHIFERAW, PETER COOPER, and J. D. H. KEATINGE. "INTEGRATING GENETICS AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY TARGETING AND GREATER IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 2 (April 2008): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006340.

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SUMMARYGood management of natural resources is the key to good agriculture. This is true everywhere – and particularly in the semi-arid tropics, where over-exploitation of fragile or inherently vulnerable agro-ecosystems is leading to land and soil degradation, productivity decline, and increasing hunger and poverty. Modern crop varieties offer high yields, but the larger share of this potential yield can only be realized with good crop management. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), working over a vast and diverse mandate area, has learned one key lesson: that technologies and interventions must be matched not only to the crop or livestock enterprise and the biophysical environment, but also with the market and investment environment, including input supply systems and policy. Various Natural Resource Management (NRM) technologies have been developed over the years, but widespread adoption has been limited for various reasons: technical, socio-economic and institutional. To change this, ICRISAT hypothesizes that ‘A research approach, founded on the need to integrate a broad consideration of technical, socio-economic and institutional issues into the generation of agricultural innovations will result in a higher level of adoption and more sustainable and diverse impacts in the rainfed systems of the semi-arid tropics.’ Traditionally, crop improvement and NRM were seen as distinct but complementary disciplines. ICRISAT is deliberately blurring these boundaries to create the new paradigm of IGNRM or Integrated Genetic and Natural Resource Management. Improved varieties and improved resource management are two sides of the same coin. Most farming problems require integrated solutions, with genetic, management-related and socio-economic components. In essence, plant breeders and NRM scientists must integrate their work with that of private and public sector change agents to develop flexible cropping systems that can respond to rapid changes in market opportunities and climatic conditions. The systems approach looks at various components of the rural economy – traditional food grains, new potential cash crops, livestock and fodder production, as well as socio-economic factors such as alternative sources of employment and income. Crucially the IGNRM approach is participatory, with farmers closely involved in technology development, testing and dissemination. ICRISAT has begun to use the IGNRM approach to catalyse technology uptake and substantially improve food security and incomes in smallholder farm communities at several locations in India, Mali, Niger, Vietnam, China, Thailand and Zimbabwe.

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Macheka, Mavis Thokozile. "Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site and sustainable development." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 3 (November 21, 2016): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-09-2015-0030.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site has contributed to the sustainable development of the local people who live in its vicinity. What is critically important to underscore is the value of the site to society. Design/methodology/approach The relevant data were collected through questionnaires, personal interviews and site visits. Findings The paper reveals that cultural heritage has affected sustainable development of local communities living in its vicinity in social and cultural terms. There is promotion of Shona traditions through exhibitions and selling of curios by local people at community projects such as the Shona Village and the Great Zimbabwe Nemanwa Craft Centre. The two projects also generate revenue to the local communities. However it was established that a number of benefits from the site such as employment creation are temporary and unsustainable. The main challenge for effecting sustainable development to local communities is lack of community participation. Originality/value Most researchers are arguing that sustainability of cultural heritage is much more difficult compared to natural heritage but the findings reflect that cultural heritage through Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site could be an essential engine and valuable resource for sustainable development.

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Chivasa, Norman. "A participatory approach to peacebuilding evaluation in Seke district, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Action Research 15, no. 3-2019 (December 6, 2019): 198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v15i3.03.

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Mainstream monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of peacebuilding tends to be mainly practitioneroriented, while under-reporting initiatives by ordinary people who develop an interest to learn from their own practice. This study aims to fill this gap, by reporting the evaluation of a self-initiated peace committee by ordinary people in the Seke district, Zimbabwe. The study revealed that local communities currently possess the propensity to work as a collective with shared experiences and perceptions, and the linkages between these attributes and participatory peacebuilding initiatives are natural. Furthermore, it emerged that action research can be a useful methodology, with the potential to create space for ordinary people to participate in the design, implementation, M&E of peace initiatives in their villages. Although this study examined the role of self-initiative monitoring and evaluation destined to become an alternative to technocratic M&E, it acknowledges the value of top-down M&E of peacebuilding and does not seek to replace them, rather, to bring bottom-up M&E practices into the mainstream M&E of peacebuilding using local initiatives as a vehicle to create a greater impact on peacebuilding interventions.

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Chanza, Nelson, and Walter Musakwa. "“Trees Are Our Relatives”: Local Perceptions on Forestry Resources and Implications for Climate Change Mitigation." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115885.

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The link between nature and society is vital for climate change mitigation and sustainable natural recourse management. Based on a case study of the indigenous people of Mbire in Zimbabwe, we argue that perceptions of indigenous people about forestry resources provide useful pointers toward framing climate mitigation interventions. This interest was necessitated by the growing call to address the suppression of forest-rich indigenous communities in climate change science. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to understand how indigenous people can contribute to the abatement of climate change. The study engaged 32 purposively selected elderly participants in focus group discussions; these participants had long histories of staying in the villages studied and were figures whom the locals regarded as “experts” in giving credible inferences about their environment. The participants corroboratively perceived forests and trees as their own “relatives”, who should not be harmed because of the support they continue to generously give to the people. Their construct of climate change relates to the gradual but continuing trivialization of cultural beliefs and abandonment of traditional practices, which they believe offend the spirits who have powers to influence the climate system. Although their attribution view on climate change is in contrast with that of mainstream climate scientists, we argue that their profound acknowledgement of climatic change, coupled with their scientific understanding of the intrinsic relationship between people’s wellbeing and the environment, are key entry points to design sustainable climate mitigation programs at community scales. The sustainability of such programs should not ignore local belief systems and strategies that communities use in preserving their forests.

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Chipenda, Clement, and Tom Tom. "The generational questions after land reform in Zimbabwe: a social reproduction perspective." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 3 (December 25, 2019): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-02-2019-0072.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a contemporary perspective on post land reform Zimbabwe with special focus on the youth. It uses the social reproduction conceptual framework to show that two decades after land reform, there are generational questions which are now arising in the new resettlement areas which need deeper, empirical and more nuanced analysis to comprehend. In a context where some countries in Southern Africa are grappling with the best ways of dealing with their land questions, it shows that from a youth perspective, the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) has important lessons. Design/methodology/approach The study was largely qualitative and grounded in an interpretive research paradigm. It employed various data gathering instruments and solicited for responses from 151 young people as well as 11 key informants. The study used the social reproduction perspective as a conceptual and evaluative tool to ascertain the outcomes of the FTLRP from a social reproduction perspective with special focus on young people. Findings The study showed that there are some young people in the resettlement areas who blame the land reform programme for the challenging socio-economic situation which they are facing. It also shows that for the youth, the FTLRP has had multi-dimensional impact; while some are complaining, others have managed to use their agency to access natural resources and land, which has seen them “accumulating from below”. For some young people, land reform has positively transformed their lives, while others feel that it has limited their opportunities. Originality/value The paper provides new and contemporary insights on post land reform Zimbabwe. This is an area which is increasingly gaining traction in scholarship on the FTLRP. In addition, the paper provides a unique perspective of looking at the issue of the youth from a social reproduction perspective; this is a unique academic contribution. Lastly, the paper is useful insofar as it transcends the debates on the FTLRP to proffer a unique analysis on the social reproduction dimensions of the FTLRP.

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Lindsey, P. A., S. S. Romañach, S. Matema, C. Matema, I. Mupamhadzi, and J. Muvengwi. "Dynamics and underlying causes of illegal bushmeat trade in Zimbabwe." Oryx 45, no. 1 (January 2011): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001274.

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AbstractThe prevalence and impacts of the illegal trade in bushmeat are under appreciated in Southern Africa, despite indications that it constitutes a serious conservation threat in parts of the region. Bushmeat trade has emerged as a severe threat to wildlife conservation and the viability of wildlife-based land uses in Zimbabwe during a period of political instability and severe economic decline. We conducted a study around Savé Valley Conservancy in the South-East Lowveld of Zimbabwe to investigate the dynamics and underlying causes of the bushmeat trade, with the objective of developing solutions. We found that bushmeat hunting is conducted mainly by unemployed young men to generate cash income, used mostly to purchase food. Bushmeat is mainly sold to people with cash incomes in adjacent communal lands and population centres and is popular by virtue of its affordability and availability. Key drivers of the bushmeat trade in the South-East Lowveld include: poverty, unemployment and food shortages, settlement of wildlife areas by impoverished communities that provided open access to wildlife resources, failure to provide stakes for communities in wildlife-based land uses, absence of affordable protein sources other than illegally sourced bushmeat, inadequate investment in anti-poaching in areas remaining under wildlife management, and weak penal systems that do not provide sufficient deterrents to illegal bushmeat hunters. Each of these underlying causes needs to be addressed for the bushmeat trade to be tackled effectively. However, in the absence of political and economic stability, controlling illegal bushmeat hunting will remain extremely difficult and the future of wildlife-based land uses will remain bleak.

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Mafuwe, Kudzai, Edwin Tambara, Fortunes F. Matutu, Cedric Maforimbo, Joshua Tsamba, Cynthia Mapendere, and Sydney Moyo. "Community assembly of adult odonates in lacustrine systems of an understudied world heritage site of south-eastern Zimbabwe." International Journal of Odonatology 24 (January 1, 2021): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23797/2159-6719_24_9.

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Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are efficacious for management and conservation efforts in freshwaters. In recent times, increased effort has gone into enhancing awareness, data and information on dragonflies among scientists and policymakers. Here, we examined the Odonata community of dams within the Matobo National Park, a world heritage site in southern Zimbabwe. Specifically, we determined diversity of larval and adult odonate in five dams over one year. Several physico-chemical parameters were measured, including pH, total dissolved salts (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC). Further, we assessed how habitat types (i.e., detritus, sand, gravel, plant type) affect Odonata communities. In addition, surveys were conducted to identify critical threats to Odonata in the Matobo National Park and surrounding areas. Broadly, results showed that Odonata nymphs and volant adults did not change predictably across all sampling occasions. Further, pH was positively correlated with Libellulidae and Platycnemididae, whereas TDS and EC were positively correlated with Libellulidae, Platycnemididae and Macromiidae. Contrariwise, Gomphidae were found to be negatively correlated to TDS, EC and pH. The threat analyses identified natural system modifications, agricultural expansion and intensification, as well as human intrusions and disturbance as the major threats to Odonata and freshwater resources in Matobo National Park. Taken together, these data provide baseline data that will be useful for future monitoring of threats and subsequently conservation strategies in the Matobo National Park and other protected areas in Southern Africa.

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MAPIRA, Jemitias. "ZIMBABWEâ€™S FORESTRY COMMISSION AND THE QUEST FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 11, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 2415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v11i2.6305.

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This paper examines how some Zimbabwean government departments/organizations have been involved in the management of natural resources with a view to achieving sustainable development (SD) at local and national levels. This includes the Forestry Commission (FC) which dates back to the colonial era. Zimbabweâ€™s forest resources are governed by the Forest Act (Chapter 19:05) of 1996 (G.o.Z, 1996). The Act was proclaimed through an Act of parliament in 1949 and has been revised numerous times since its inception. Following the promulgation of the Act, a Forestry Commission was established in April 1954 in order to protect and conserve the countryâ€™s forest resources including indigenous and exotic species. During the 1990s Ngamo Safaris was established with a view to generating income for the FC. Since then, Ngamo Safaris has boosted the commissionâ€™s coffers and brought financial stability to the organization. Unlike other government departments, ministries and NGOs, the FC is now self-reliant due to its income-generating projects. As such, it has become a model in the execution of its statutory mandate. The FC has been involved in such activities as tree planting, land reclamation and soil control. It has also been supplying villagers with tree seedlings with a view to promoting SD at local and national levels. However, in spite of this invaluable contribution, the FC is under-staffed at district, provincial and national levels, which undermines its regular operations.

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Chivasa, Norman. "Instituting village savings and loan associations scheme through action research in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Action Research 16, no. 3-2020 (January 13, 2021): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v16i3.02.

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lage savings and loan associations schemes have become one of the critical survival strategies amidst poverty, inequality and financial exclusion thus helping low income communities to ride out poverty and make their savings and to eke out a living. However, the use of scientific procedures by ordinary people when establishing such initiatives in their villages is under-reported. This study, therefore, sought to test the utility of the action research (AR) methodology in establishing a low cost village savings and loan associations scheme intervention, with a view to assessing the extent to which the scheme can improve the livelihoods of members of the scheme, and draw lessons for future interventions. The process involved planning, designing, establishing and evaluating a village savings and loan association scheme initiative involving 15 individual members (inclusive of the researcher) in ward 8 of Seke district, Zimbabwe. Results showed that creating village savings and loan associations is possible using action research, as community participation in the design, implementation and day-to-day operations of such initiatives guaranteeing ownership and control of the initiative by the host group scheme are almost natural to action research. One of the comparative advantages of using action research is that it creates spaces for ordinary people to share their experiences, reflect, and come up with context-specific solutions, as they take responsibility for their financial wellbeing, thus helping to meet their socio-economic needs and aspirations. The strength of village savings and loan associations is that they can be replicated. The study recommends that in the era of COVID-19, social distancing rules and regulations introduced to contain the virus should be observed.

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Musakwa, Walter, Ephraim Mpofu, and Nesisa Analisa Nyathi. "Local Community Perceptions on Landscape Change, Ecosystem Services, Climate Change, and Livelihoods in Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 4610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114610.

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Understanding humanity’s relationship with nature is crucial for the well-being and sustainable development of mankind in the face of global environmental change. Communities depend on landscapes for survival and landscapes determine if sustainable development is to be achieved. The links between landscapes, ecosystem services, livelihoods, and climate change are often complex, misunderstood, and barely studied in rural areas of Africa, where communities live side-by-side with conservation areas. Our study surveyed the perception of the nexus of landscape change, climate change, ecosystem services, and livelihoods in Gonarezhou, a national park in southeastern Zimbabwe. We also used Landsat satellite imagery to map the landscape change over 20 years to validate and to correlate with the survey data. The survey results indicated that people relied on rainfed agriculture as a means of livelihood, but droughts as a result of climate change force communities to engage in other means of livelihoods such as small-scale poaching of small game such as impala and harvesting of natural resources such as edible shrubs. Crops and livestock as provisional ecosystem services have been negatively affected by climate change and landscape change. Landsat data confirmed that there was a negative transformation of the landscape as a result of agriculture, growth in settlements, and large herbivores. However, there was also a positive landscape transformation resulting from the conservation efforts by the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust (GCT). Cultural services about education and awareness of the environment and provisional services such as wild fruits are booming. Challenges such as soil erosion, human–wildlife conflict, and minimal community benefits from conservation efforts hindered sustainable development in the study area. While changes in landscape, climate, livelihoods, and ecosystem services happened at a local scale, the underlying drivers such as politics and the economy were also identified as drivers of landscape change.

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du Toit, Raoul F. "Soil Loss, Hydrological Changes, and Conservation Attitudes, in the Sabi Catchment of Zimbabwe." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 2 (1985): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015575.

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The Communal Lands—occupied by peasant farmers—of the upper catchment of the Sabi River (which drains the southeastern portion of Zimbabwe) are severely deforested, overgrazed, and eroded. Siltation of the river channel has increased the risk of overbank flooding at a downstream irrigation scheme, and a rise in annual outflow from the catchment over the last three decades has additional implications for irrigation development, as well as for the availability of ground-water reserves in the areas of dryland peasant farming.In a study area within one of the Communal Lands, the average rate of soil loss from fields of gentle slope is estimated to be such that the next generation of peasant farmers will be unable to achieve crop-yields above a very low ‘subsistence’ level. The degraded environment is the inevitable consequence of the expansion of a primitive system of cultivation—in a region of low inherent potential for crop production—under the pressure of rapid population growth. While the peasants are aware of many of the consequences of their exploitative methods of land-use, and recognize the importance of basic conservation measures such as erosion-control terraces, they generally feel that remedial action is beyond their means.The effective implementation of available technical solutions to the deterioration of the land resources, will depend upon the provision of greater financial incentives for intensified production, as well as upon more positive political influences, than exist at present. The eventual stabilization of the situation is achievable only if population growth is reduced; but much might be done to improve production, and promote conservation, through field research into appropriate farming systems for peasant agriculture in the Sabi catchment and similar environments.

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Mushuku, Alimos. "Revisiting Indigenous Knowledge Systems for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Fast Track Resettlement Schemes. A Comparative Analysis of Indigenous Knowledge Systems Use In A1 Resettlement Schemes and Communal Areas in Chiredzi and Zaka Districts, Zimbabwe." Greener Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2014): 024–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjss.2014.1.111213961.

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Child, Graham. "The role of community-based wild resource management in Zimbabwe." Biodiversity and Conservation 5, no. 3 (March 1996): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00051779.

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Theodore, Okonkwo. "Management of transboundary natural resources." Journal of Law and Conflict Resolution 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jlcr2016.0266.

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Coelho, Manuel Pacheco, José António Filipe, and Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira. "Ethics and Natural Resources Management." International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence 3, no. 3 (July 2012): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2012070104.

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This paper proposals are: first, to show how the utilization of common resources can carry important ethical problems; second (and mainly), to stress that the many attempts to solve tragedies in fisheries, by creating interesting projects in aquaculture, are confronted with many obstacles and barriers in the approval process. These obstructions conduct to inefficiencies and carry out also important ethical problems. The Portuguese aquaculture case is used to develop an empirical study on the emergence of an “anticommons tragedy”. The control regime of Common Fisheries Policy is discussed.

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Griffin, John G. "Transboundary Natural Resources Management (TBNRM)." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 17, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v17n01_14.

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Chigora, Farai, and Promise Zvavahera. "Realigning Value Chain Concept towards Destination Branding: Zimbabwe Tourism Destination Reality." Business and Management Horizons 3, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v3i2.8544.

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The study analysed the value chain model that was used to analyse the sustainable competitive advantage of manufacturing businesses by Porter in 1985. The processes of the model which are both primary and secondary variables were matched and compared to the tourism destination processes. This was done in order to design a specific value chain model that can be used by a tourism destination so as to improve brand equity. The study therefore analysed Zimbabwe as a tourism destination which needs to improve its brand equity through an effective tourism value chain. The study used a sequential mixed method in order to establish data from respondents. It started with a qualitative design whereby by Zimbabwe tourism destination processes were established through in-depth interviews from various experts in the industry. The identified variables were local people, natural resources and destination marketers. Also the respondents agreed that the secondary factors for a Zimbabwe tourism destination value chain include finance, skilled human resources, infrastructure, sustainable practices and global partnerships. The relationship of Zimbabwe tourism destination variables to Porter’s primary value chain activities were identified through a quantitative design using survey questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the inbound logistics is related to local people, operations to natural resources and outbound logistics to destination marketers. The study recommended a value chain model specifically for tourism destinations that comprise of local people, natural resources and destination marketers as the primary activities. An effective mix of the tourism primary factors and secondary factors (finance, infrastructure, skilled human resources, sustainable practices and global partners) will lead to improved brand equity for the Zimbabwe tourism destination.

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Kalamkar, S. S. "Natural Resources Management and Agrarian Development." Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/2012/v54/i1/111113.

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Çelik, Zerrin. "Natural Resources Management on Gender Perspective." Turkish Journal of Bioethics 7, no. 3 (2020): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/tjob.2020.75436.

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Brewster, Marcia M. "Gender Perspectives in Natural Resources Management." Natural Resources Forum 28, no. 3 (August 2004): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2004.00085.x.

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Shah, Tushaar. "Institutional Foundations of Natural Resources Management." Indian Journal of Public Administration 39, no. 3 (July 1993): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119930338.

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Metzger, Chase W., Peter F. Ffolliott, Luis A. Bojorquez-Tapia, and Mariano Hernandez-Narvaez. "Natural Resources Management Practices: A Primer." Journal of Range Management 55, no. 3 (May 2002): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003140.

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Hayward, John A. "RURAL PLANNING AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT." Australian Planner 28, no. 2 (June 1990): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1990.9657457.

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BRAMLEY, RICHARD. "THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL TOURISM RESOURCES." Australian Planner 31, no. 1 (January 1993): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1993.9657601.

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Dewah, Peterson. "Records management consultancy service in Zimbabwe: The consultants’ view." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 50, no. 1 (August 22, 2016): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000616664399.

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This article reports the results of a study aimed at establishing the records consultants’ views on records management consultancy services in the Zimbabwean information society. The participants included three records consultancy companies and nine archivists who were purposively sampled. Using a qualitative exploratory study design data were gathered through interviews. The results suggest that there are a plethora of records management problems in both public and private sectors and concludes that the prevailing economic situation is hampering records management consultancy such that organisations’ executives are not allocating resources towards records management and as such consultancy work is adversely affected due to prioritisation of company resources. The study recommends that organisations need to recruit professional records managers and utilise consultants’ expertise to solve some of their records management problems.

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Manase, G., J. Ndamba, and F. Makoni. "Mainstreaming gender in integrated water resources management: the case of Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 28, no. 20-27 (January 2003): 967–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.023.

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Nikolaeva, O. N. "THE USAGE OF INTEGRATED MAPPING OF HETEROGENEOUS NATURAL RESOURCES DATA FOR NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT." Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” 1, no. 21 (January 1, 2015): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2414-9179-2015-1-21-171-174.

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Taylor, Peter J., Catherine Vise, Macy A. Krishnamoorthy, Tigga Kingston, and Sarah Venter. "Citizen Science Confirms the Rarity of Fruit Bat Pollination of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Flowers in Southern Africa." Diversity 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12030106.

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The iconic African baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) has “chiropterophilous” flowers that are adapted for pollination by fruit bats. Although bat pollination of baobabs has been documented in east and west Africa, it has not been confirmed in southern Africa where it has been suggested that hawk moths (Nephele comma) may also be involved in baobab pollination. We used a citizen science approach to monitor baobab tree and flower visitors from dusk till midnight at 23 individual baobab trees over 27 nights during the flowering seasons (November–December) of 2016 and 2017 in northern South Africa and southern Zimbabwe (about 1650 visitors). Insect visitors frequently visited baobab flowers, including hawk moths, but, with one exception in southeastern Zimbabwe, no fruit bats visited flowers. Citizen science enabled us to substantiate preliminary conclusions about the relative importance of moth versus bat pollination of baobabs in southern Africa, with important implications for resource management.

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Herová, I. "Strategy of the management of natural resources." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 2 (January 7, 2008): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1427-agricecon.

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Management of natural resources in the context of sustainable development can be defined as the economic management of natural resources to allow their perpetual and undiminished supply. At the same time, use of the local natural resources should contribute to the economic and social development of the local community. It is vitally important to emphasize the role of local participation and knowledge. Experience, understanding, and expertise need to be assessed to help to determine the most effective roles for local individuals within the sustainable natural resource project. This assessment and its implications for the economy, community and protection of natural resources at the state, regional and local levels are a subject for case study.

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Comolli, Paul M., Richard L. Stroup, and John A. Baden. "Natural Resources: Bureaucratic Myths and Environmental Management." Southern Economic Journal 51, no. 3 (January 1985): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1057908.

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Kessler, Winifred B., Hal Salwasser, Charles W. Cartwright, and James A. Caplan. "New Perspectives for Sustainable Natural Resources Management." Ecological Applications 2, no. 3 (August 1992): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941856.

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Burkynskyi, Borys, Antonina Martienko, Nina Khumarova, and Aleksander Prokopiuk. "Property management dominants for recreational natural resources." Economics, ecology, socium 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2018.2.4-8.

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Introduction. The natural resources national ownership, which basis the formation of state and other forms of ownership, has a complex nature, sometimes its interests do not reflect the interests of every member of society, especially this applies to the system of appropriation in the nature use management. The analysis of various aspects of state property management for natural resources is due to the necessity of its development as a complex, integrated process involving the expansion of horizontal and vertical interactions and relationships. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine the vectors for improving the system of state management by appropriating natural recreational resources for their effective disposal, alternatives to use, and, also receiving and distributing the proceeds of its ownership. In accordance with the article aim, were set the following tasks: to investigate the trends of rent payments and environmental taxes revenues to the state budget; to analyze revenues to the state budget from the use of natural recreational resources, for example, forest and water polyfunctional resources; to provide suggestions, how to improve the property state management of natural recreational resources. Results. Analyze of positive and negative tendencies towards effective state management, based on the experience of managing property ownership on natural recreational resources in different countries of the world, are identified. The essence of appropriation of natural recreational resources as an economic-ecological category is determined, and includes appropriation of income from natural resources and losses for irrational use of them. The budgetary revenues from the use of natural production factors are analyzed and their insignificant part of the product manufacturing cost in the areas of activity (forest and water management) is determined, where the basis of the produced goods and services are natural resources. The horizontal management functions dissipation of the same natural recreational resources between different ministries and agencies is identified. Priorities recommendations on the improvement of state natural recreational resources property management are given (inter alia, regulatory framework, forecasting and planning, organization, accounting and control). Conclusions. The analysis of rent payments for the natural resources use and environmental taxes shows that almost the free assignment of income from the use of natural capital to economic entities. Thus, summing up the research it can be concluded that the state policy regarding the use of natural recreational capital should be based on ecosystem and polyfunctional approaches, and the most effective directions for its use in various sectors of the national economy and forms of ownership should be determined by the state.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural resources – Zimbabwe – Management'

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