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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural resources – Zimbabwe'
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1
Chikova, Rangarirai, and Alouis Chilunjika. "Public Participation and the Governance of Mineral Resources in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Law and Public Policy 3, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0301.172.
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Public participation in policy issues by the locals is a crucial ingredient that guarantees the success of any policy decision, national project and public programme. Public participation should permeate every sphere of governance. In this vein, Zimbabwe is endowed with numerous mineral resources. The indigenous Zimbabwean are statutorily deemed as the owners of the mineral resources hence their participation in policy processes and spaces that relate to the governance of natural resources is pertinent. However, it was noted that the Zimbabwean population is not fully benefiting from the extraction of these mineral resources. The paper therefore explores the magnitude and essence of public participation in the governance of mineral resources in Zimbabwe. In achieving this, the paper is informed by Arnstein’s ladder of participation as the theoretical framework. In addition, data was gathered from documentary review and in-depth interviews with key informants. The study observed that public participation in respect of mineral governance can be undertaken through public hearing meetings, national budget consultative meetings and alternative mining indabas. However, the current level of participation is within the range of non-participation and lower tokenism. In addition, there is also lack of feedback and information flows in one direction from the Government officials to the citizens. The Government does not really take seriously the contributions from the public. The study therefore proffered some recommendations to enhance the levels of knowledge and participation by the public in the governance of mineral resources in Zimbabwe.
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Milne, G. R., and A. Hoole. "The Zimbabwe Natural Resources Management Programme and lessons in cross-cultural exchange." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70704-6.
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Since early 1992, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources has been executing a five year, $19 million CIDA-funded capacity building programme in the Republic of Zimbabwe, in southern Africa. The programme has a policy development project (EPCU) in the Ministry of Environment and Tourism head office, and an operational level project (RTB) in the Department of Natural Resources. Training and the exchange of skills, knowledge, and experience are critical elements in both projects. The cross-cultural exchange method used by the two Canadian EPCU advisors has evolved from a direct one-on-one approach with only two Zimbabwean counterparts, to a broader approach involving five primary counterparts in the immediate unit, and several secondary counterparts in other branches of the local Ministry. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. From experience gained to date however, the broader approach appears better suited for implementing the EPCU project objectives in light of local conditions and constraints.
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Chigonda, Tanyaradzwa. "More than Just Story Telling: A Review of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilisation from Precolonial to Postcolonial Zimbabwe." Scientifica 2018 (August 19, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6214318.
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Access to natural resources has changed over the years in Zimbabwe. At least three broad periods of biodiversity conservation, utilisation, and access can be identified in the country, namely, the precolonial, colonial, and postindependence periods. This paper reviews the relationships between human livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the rural areas of Zimbabwe during these periods and is informed by an extensive review of the relevant literature. A combination of historical narrative, thematic, and content analysis was used in analysing the various documents into meaningful information addressing the objective of the study. Traditional societies in precolonial Zimbabwe had access to abundant natural resources. However, access to these resources was not uncontrolled, but was limited by traditional beliefs, taboos, and customs enforced through community leadership structures. The advent of colonialism in the late 19th century dispossessed indigenous African communities of natural resources through command-type conservation legislation. At independence in 1980, the new majority government sought to redress the natural resource ownership imbalances created during colonialism, culminating in some significant measure of devolution in natural resource management to local communities in the late 1980s, though such devolution has been criticised for being incomplete. An accelerated land reform exercise since the year 2000 has adversely affected biodiversity conservation activities in the country, including the conservation-related livelihood benefits derived from protected areas. The review paper highlights the need for a more complete devolution of natural resource ownership and management down to the grassroots levels in the communal areas, if social and ecological sustainability is to be fully realised in these areas. On the other hand, the disruption of conservation activities in the country due to the ill-planned accelerated land reform exercise that has demarcated land for arable farming in some of the protected areas should be held in check as a matter of urgency.
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Chekera, Yolanda T., and Vincent O. Nmehielle. "The International Law Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources as an Instrument for Development: The Case of Zimbabwean Diamonds." African Journal of Legal Studies 6, no. 1 (2013): 69–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342021.
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Abstract Extensive research has shown that revenue from the exploitation of natural resources can sustain development. Conversely, development research literature has shown that many developing countries have failed to use the natural resources to improve and sustain good living for their citizens. In most cases, those in political offices have squandered the resources and benefits that have accrued from the country’s natural endowments. This article explores how the international law principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources (PSNR) could be used as a vehicle for development, particularly looking at the case of Zimbabwean diamonds. While the principle could be an instrument for development, this article argues that legislation governing mining in Zimbabwe is not facilitative of a people-centred interpretation of the principle. Mining legislation vests the custodial right over the country’s mineral resources in the President. This creates an opportunity for abuse, as it limits the extent to which the people, as beneficiaries of the principle, can lay claim to the content of the principle. It also effectively limits any say the people may have on how revenue from the sale of diamonds is utilised, and how they would want to benefit from the resource. The article concludes that there is a need for legislative reform that speaks to development that is people-centred without which the majority of the people will keep sinking into the doldrums of extreme poverty, despite the country’s resource endowment. The hope is that the new Zimbabwean constitution will provide the impetus in this regard.
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Chigora, Farai, and Promise Zvavahera. "Realigning Value Chain Concept towards Destination Branding: Zimbabwe Tourism Destination Reality." Business and Management Horizons 3, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v3i2.8544.
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The study analysed the value chain model that was used to analyse the sustainable competitive advantage of manufacturing businesses by Porter in 1985. The processes of the model which are both primary and secondary variables were matched and compared to the tourism destination processes. This was done in order to design a specific value chain model that can be used by a tourism destination so as to improve brand equity. The study therefore analysed Zimbabwe as a tourism destination which needs to improve its brand equity through an effective tourism value chain. The study used a sequential mixed method in order to establish data from respondents. It started with a qualitative design whereby by Zimbabwe tourism destination processes were established through in-depth interviews from various experts in the industry. The identified variables were local people, natural resources and destination marketers. Also the respondents agreed that the secondary factors for a Zimbabwe tourism destination value chain include finance, skilled human resources, infrastructure, sustainable practices and global partnerships. The relationship of Zimbabwe tourism destination variables to Porter’s primary value chain activities were identified through a quantitative design using survey questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the inbound logistics is related to local people, operations to natural resources and outbound logistics to destination marketers. The study recommended a value chain model specifically for tourism destinations that comprise of local people, natural resources and destination marketers as the primary activities. An effective mix of the tourism primary factors and secondary factors (finance, infrastructure, skilled human resources, sustainable practices and global partners) will lead to improved brand equity for the Zimbabwe tourism destination.
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Mbereko, Alexio, Billy B. Mukamuri, and Moses J. Chimbari. "Exclusion and contests over wetlands used for farming in Zimbabwe: a case study of broad-ridge and broad-furrow tillage system on Zungwi Vlei." Journal of Political Ecology 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v22i1.21111.
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In Zimbabwe, a broad-ridge and broad-furrow tillage system was promoted by the state, scientists and a nongovernmental organisation for its presumed agronomic and environmental viability and economic returns for small farmers. Zungwi vlei, a wetland of value to the community was transformed from a common use natural resource into a limited access broad-ridge and broad-furrow irrigation landscape that benefited a small number of people. Our study sought to understand conflicts over natural resources access, use and management arising from this land use change. The study adopted mixed methods combining qualitative and quantitative data collection tools. The results indicated the presence of a wide range of internal and external conflicts following the transformation of the landscape. Prior to the transformation, low levels of conflict were noted. We concluded that despite the ability of the broad-ridge and furrow tillage system to boost agricultural productivity per square meter, it triggered considerable resource use conflicts as fewer families directly benefited from the innovation.Key words: Development, vlei, agricultural technology, resources conflict, political ecology, Zimbabwe
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Matema, Steven, and Jens A. Andersson. "Why are lions killing us? Human–wildlife conflict and social discontent in Mbire District, northern Zimbabwe." Journal of Modern African Studies 53, no. 1 (February 12, 2015): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x14000664.
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AbstractAn emerging perspective on Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Zimbabwe is that increased authoritarianism in governance has enabled elite capture of wildlife resources and silenced local people's voices. This paper qualifies this perspective, showing how ordinary people continue to raise their concerns about local governance. In the Mbire district, people's interpretations of an upsurge in lion attacks on livestock and people in early 2010 took on a dimension of social commentary on the evolving governance arrangements in the district and beyond. Beneath an apparent human–wildlife conflict lie complex human–human conflicts about access to, and governance of, wildlife resources. Interpretations of the lion attacks built on two distinct epistemologies – a local religious discourse on spirit lions and an ecological one – but invariably construed outsiders as the ones accountable for local problems. This construction of outsiders is also a salient feature of Zimbabwean political discourse. Local voices thus constitute a widely understood discourse of protest.
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Reniko, Gondo, Patricia K. Mogomotsi, and Goemeone E. J. Mogomotsi. "Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Natural Resources Management in Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe." International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2018.1475869.
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Tarisayi, Kudzayi Savious. "A school in distress: The manifestations of poverty at a selected satellite school in the Masvingo district, Zimbabwe." Journal of Geography Education in Africa 2, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46622/jogea.v2i1.2526.
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Although there is a plethora of studies on poverty in schools, poverty in satellite schools in Zimbabwe remains a neglected phenomenon. Satellite schools are newly established temporary schools which are attached to a registered school. This paper derives from a study that focused on the social capital influences of communal farmers and land reform beneficiaries on satellite schools in the Masvingo district, Zimbabwe after the year 2000. The study drew on the capability approach by Sen (2000) and the poverty pyramid by Baulch (2011). The study was qualitative and it was positioned in the interpretive paradigm. The paper reports on one case study of communal farmers in the Masvingo district. Four semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion with a purposive sample of ten participants were carried out in the Sambo community. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to analyse the findings and draw conclusions. The manifestations of poverty at Sambo satellite school were infrastructure challenges; physical resources allocation; a natural resource challenge; and learners’ participation in extra-curricular activities with other schools. Due to a multiplicity of manifestations of poverty, Sambo satellite school was clearly in distress. It is recommended that the Zimbabwean government provide additional funding to support satellite schools that are located in poor, environmentally challenging contexts.
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Zvavahera, Promise, and Farai Chigora. "Food and Nutrition Promotion: Feasibility of the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation." Business and Management Horizons 3, no. 1 (June 11, 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v3i1.7800.
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Zimbabwe has faced persistent droughts from around year 1990 to date posing a structural food security challenge to the populace. Recently, the government of Zimbabwe introduced a blue print to spearhead and map sustainable balance in tapping value from the available natural and man-made resources in the country. This is known as the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-economic Transformation Programme (Zim Asset). Amongst its prospects, agriculture and nutrition has been reckoned as a sustainable cluster for economic development. This study was undertaken one and half years after the implementation of Zim Asset as an evaluation mechanism on the successes and challenges faced in transforming the Zimbabwean economy with specific reference to the Food and Nutrition Cluster. The study employed both post positivism and interpretivism philosophies applying quantitative and qualitative approaches in gathering research data. The research instruments included documentary evidence, face to face in-depth interviews and focus groups. The in-depth interviews explored issues to do with resources allocation in line with the Zim Asset agriculture sustenance objectives. Focus was therefore, on the four Ministries supporting the Food and Nutrition Cluster. Eighty percent of the respondents reported that the economic blue print has not made any significant strides in improving the country’s agricultural performance and food security since the inception of Zim Asset in October 2013. It was noted that the country continued to import maize from Zambia and other countries in the region. The major reason for its lack of success was due to the unavailability of resources to support the programme and the fact that land was allocated to unproductive and cell phone farmers. There was consensus that land audit and recapitalisation of the agriculture sector were critical in achieving the desired outcomes. The study recommends that the programme be adequately funded, so that the country can become self-sufficient.
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Magagula, Tommy. "CHRISTIAN IDENTITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 1 (September 30, 2016): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/91.
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A quick glance at the campus of many a theological college in Zimbabwe reveals the need to entrench environmental ethics which transcend personal and traditional convictions. This paper seeks to be a prophetic voice on this topic by exploring the essentials of Christian ethics and the way in which the entrenchment of such ethics may impede or enhance our stewardship of natural resources. We will explore the hopelessness of religious fatalism and the entrenched beliefs that prevent us from making optimal environmental decisions. The article specifically focuses on the impact of waste management in Zimbabwe. The errors of being short-sighted in our religiosity will be scrutinised, especially regarding the impact of our decisions on environmental management.
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Chigora, Farai, and Clever Vutete. "Elasticity of Demand a Critical Form Tourism Market Position: Understanding Zimbabwe Tourism Destination." Case Studies in Business and Management 2, no. 2 (November 13, 2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/csbm.v2i2.8570.
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The study investigated the concept of elasticity of demand in relation to Zimbabwe tourism destination performance. The main variables for analysis as drivers for elasticity of demand in Zimbabwe tourism destination have been identified as price charged, tourists’ disposable income, price of other related tourism destinations, marketing and media publicity. The study applied a triangulation research design (both quantitative and qualitative designs). The results of the research showed that price, disposable income and price of other related tourism destinations are critical in enhancing market position of the Zimbabwe tourism destination. Also tourism specified variables which are naturalistic and cultural originality have proved to be on the forefront in improving tourism demand. This is because they are tools which enhance decision making, pricing strategy, government tax levels and price discrimination. The research therefore recommended a low pricing strategy to meet the general economic affordability, aligning to the low disposable income of the locals and matching with the prices charged by other regional and international destinations so as to be competitive and gain market share. Original culture and sustainable management of natural resources have been regarded as pertinent drivers to improve tourism demand in Zimbabwe.
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Nyakuwanika, Moses, Huibrecht Margaretha van der Poll, and John Andrew van der Poll. "A Conceptual Framework for Greener Goldmining through Environmental Management Accounting Practices (EMAPs): The Case of Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 10466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810466.
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Goldmining contributes substantially to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Zimbabwean economy through revenue generated from exports, however it also incurred numerous challenges to the environment. Amongst others, these challenges embody ecological degradation; water and air pollution; and depletion of natural resources. In this paper, we establish the effects of mining operations on the environment through a comprehensive literature review, and how the integration of environmental management accounting practices (EMAPs) such as material flow cost accounting (MFCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and activity-based costing (ABC) could be integrated into a conceptual framework to address environmental challenges. EMAPs were chosen as they generate both physical and monetary data, which could promote transparency in material usage within the goldmining sector. Our analyses revealed a substantial body of literature on separate and individual EMAPs, yet very little was found on the integration of EMAPs. The main contribution of this work is the development of an integrated conceptual EMAPs framework on the strength of sets of qualitative propositions, aimed at promoting green goldmining for Zimbabwe as a developing economy. Future work would involve the validation of the framework among key stakeholders in the Zimbabwean goldmining industry.
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Utete, Beaven, Tamuka Nhiwatiwa, Blessing Kavhu, Samuel Kusangaya, Nyashadzashe Viriri, Accurate W. Mbauya, and Joshua Tsamba. "Assessment of water levels and the effects of climatic factors and catchment dynamics in a shallow subtropical reservoir, Manjirenji Dam, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water and Climate Change 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2018): 580–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.134.
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Abstract Natural water level fluctuations have associated effects on water quality and resident aquatic communities, although their impacts are magnified if the dams have other non-seasonal designated multiple uses. Research demonstrates that excessive water level fluctuations impair ecosystem functioning, ultimately leading to shifts between clear-water and turbid states in shallow lakes. However, these data lack for Manjirenji Dam in Zimbabwe, thus hampering efforts towards effective freshwater resources management in the shallow reservoir. This study analyzed water levels and their fluctuations, and assessed the effects of climatic factors and catchment dynamics using a combination of historical and remote sensed data for the shallow Manjirenji Dam in Zimbabwe. Time series and multiple regression analysis were used to determine water level trends, and the influence of catchment and climatic components in Manjirenji Dam. Lake levels have increased since construction, though their non-significant seasonal variation in the Manjirenji Dam reflects the overlapping effects of catchment and climatic variables. Despite the inferred high stability and resilience, the high fluctuation widths expose the dam to hydrodynamic and climate shocks which have major ecological and conservation implications. A climate change based integrated water resources management approach is necessary for sustainable water resources utilisation in the Manjirenji Dam.
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CHILD, BRIAN, and GRENVILLE BARNES. "The conceptual evolution and practice of community-based natural resource management in southern Africa: past, present and future." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (August 12, 2010): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000512.
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SUMMARYThis paper reviews the concept and practice of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) as it has evolved in southern Africa, with a particular focus on Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Zambia. It recognizes that, like democracy, CBNRM is both an imperfect process and a conceptual goal. The governance of economic processes, property rights and local political organization lie at the heart of CBNRM. The first challenge is to replace fiscal centralization, fees and bureaucracy (and the subsidization of alternative land uses) that have historically undervalued wild resources, so that CBNRM's comparative economic advantage is reflected in landholder and community incentives. Second, devolving property rights to communities shifts resource governance, responsibility and benefit appropriately to the local level. This necessitates accountable, transparent and equitable micro-governance, which in turn is linked to effective meso-level support and monitoring and cross-scale linkages between central government and local communities. This paper outlines the evolution of current models of CBNRM in the region and suggests core strategies for the next generation of CBNRM.
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Njaya, Tavonga, and Nelson Mazuru. "Emerging New Farming Practices and their Impact on the Management of Woodlots in A1 Resettlement Areas of Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe." Asian Development Policy Review 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.107.2014.21.1.19.
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The study reflected on the impact of new farming methods on the management of woodlots in A1 resettlement areas in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe. Data for the study were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations and documentary review so as to triangulate the evidence. A structured household questionnaire was used to collect socio-economic and production data pertaining to A1 farms. The study revealed that the use of wood fuel in tobacco curing has contributed to the destruction of woodlots. Meanwhile, there is a gradual breakdown of local systems for natural resource management and the dearth of any emerging alternative institutions. The study recommended the integration of positive elements of traditional institutional set up of local communities to ensure sustainable use of natural resources and continued livelihood streams. The government should provide and empower A1 farmers with expertise on extension methods that focus on conservation and agricultural technologies that are environmentally friendly.
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Chagumaira, Christopher, Jairos Rurinda, Hatirarami Nezomba, Florence Mtambanengwe, and Paul Mapfumo. "Use patterns of natural resources supporting livelihoods of smallholder communities and implications for climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe." Environment, Development and Sustainability 18, no. 1 (February 18, 2015): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-015-9637-y.
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Chigora, Farai, and Chipo Katsande. "Attributes, Benefits and Attitudes: Construct of Zimbabwe Tourism Brand Association Amid Covid-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Business, Management and Economics 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/ijbme.v2i3.317.
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The study investigated the factors reflecting and building positive brand association for Zimbabwe tourism destination into the resurgent of COVID-19 pandemic. The focus was on three primary sources of brand association comprising attributes, benefits, and attitudes, which were then assessed to come with the most dominant element(s) for restoring a positive global image. A mixed sequential qualitative to quantitative research design was applied for the study. Qualitative research established sources for the brand association as themes that are acknowledged to be prevailing in Zimbabwe tourism destinations. This was achieved through in-depth interviews with participants who were purposively selected for the study. Further quantitative research was done to understand the most dominant factors for brand association and categorize them as attributes, benefits or attitudes. Results from qualitative research informed the themes for a brand association: perception by the origin of the tourist; references from others; the hospitality of tourism providers; media reports; existing natural resources; accessibility; cultural originality; government policies; and adventure. Quantitative results showed that perception by the origin of the tourist, references from others, the hospitality of tourism providers, media reports, natural resources and accessibility were the most dominating sources of brand association. To conclude, the study brand attitude was discovered as most effective in constructing a lasting association amid and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The study recommended innovative partnerships with global tourism agents in various target markets, intensive training of operators and employees in customer care, refurbishing tourism facilities, maximizing E-friendly customer care systems, and maintaining original aesthetic nature.
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Sheik, Mahad Mohamed. "THE MOTIVATIONAL EFFECT OF OIL EXPLORATION IN SOMALI AND THE HABITUAL AFRICAN RESOURCE CURSE." International Journal of Economics 5, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.1177.
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Purpose: The abundance of natural resources is usually considered the blessing for the countries that own such resources. However, such wealth is often associated with poverty and a slower economic growth. This phenomenon is called the resource curse, and it shows that most countries that are rich in natural resources have markedly reduced economic growth and development, and it shows that the wealth of natural resources adversely affects their economies, although it is intuitively expected to be the opposite i.e. that such wealth would have a positive impact on the country’s economic development. The general objective of the study was to find out the motivational effect of oil exploration in Somali and the habitual African resource curse.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study found out that Oil resource exploration has led to progress in some developed economies such as Canada which was able to avoid the resource curse. This is because oil revenues helped Canada among other countries make investments in capital, build employment and grow. Other countries such as Russia and Japan have not been able to avoid the resource curse. African countries in general where the majority of oil producing nations are, have an inverse correlation between oil production and industrial development. Examples of African countries that have been affected by the resource curse are Nigeria, Angola, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Empirical results indicate that, Somalia motivation for oil exploration is for economic development. However, it has not been spared the resource curse because the presence of oil has led to civil wars and terrorisms as groups seek to control the areas with oil fields. In addition, Somali and Kenya have involved diplomatic warfare over oil reserves that are located in the Indian Ocean near their borders.
Recommendations: The study recommends that the government should enact laws which will govern petroleum operations, as well as empowering the Somali Petroleum Authority,(SPA) which will act as a regulatory body overseeing oil and gas activity.
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Mararike, Munoda. "Zimbabwe Economic Sanctions and Post-Colonial Hangover: A Critique of Zimbabwe Democracy Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA) – 2001 a2018." International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i1.3895.
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Scholarship on imperialism in Zimbabwe has not been documented in terms of establishing its roots. What has evaded contemporary researchers and academics on post-land reform programme economic sanctions of 2001 is that their roots lie in colonial domination and imperialism. The Scramble for Africa of 1884 is an adjunct of the Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884-1885 which marked long dark days of imperialism in Africa. It was about colonial domination, exploitation of mineral and extraction of natural resources. Western Europe became principal beneficiaries of newly ‘discovered’ wealth – pillaging and looting to their countries through exploitation, false pretenses, deception and outright theft. The insidious process was complemented by subjective constructs of political, social, religious and cultural domination of indigenous populations or ‘natives’ as imperialism defined unbalanced framework of economic relationships. Pronunciations like subjugation, suppression, cultural genocide, expropriation and repression have been touted by historians to highlight the depth and intensity of coloniality. The economic sanctions are part of a strategic neo-colonial era in which former colonial powers continue clutching to vein glories of the past. Yet that past is the present. Zimbabwe is being punished for reclaiming land through land reform programmes of 2001 which helped to empower Zimbabweans. In this research we look at the Janus face of Western decoloniality efforts- with specific reference to how Zimbabwe has fought ferocious battles for reclamation and restitution of its land. We also examine instruments of repression including statutes like the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) and the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001 as amended in 2018 (ZDERA). In our analytical narratives, we illustrate how the such instruments are designed to maintain imperialist status quo through specified punitive measures under ZDERA.
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Hove, Mediel, Tinashe Nyamunda, and Patience Mukwambo. "Violent state operations at Chiadzwa (Zimbabwe) diamond fields 2006-2009." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-11-2012-0014.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the debilitating socio-economic impact caused by the diamonds at Chiadzwa area in Zimbabwe on the illegal mining community that emerged and inhabited the hills of Chiadzwa between 2006 and the beginning of 2009. The research was carried out for academic proposes, as an advocacy strategy to expose the abuses and violent state operations perpetrated by the security forces. In addition, it intends to equip policy makers and implementers about the heavy handedness of Zimbabwe's security sector during its operations in the area in an effort to enable policy implementers to defend the rights of the affected people at Chiadzwa. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology engaged was chiefly qualitative and the study was a product of primary sources (especially in-depth interviews) and secondary sources (text books, journal articles, newspapers and the internet). Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used to collect the data between 2007 and 2009. Collected data were analysed and compiled between 2009 and 2013. Some of the names used in this study for our respondents are pseudo and this was done to ensure anonymity and secure the providers of information against possible retribution. On the other hand real names were used in particular where violent state driven operations were discussed. Findings – Initially the government of Zimbabwe was reluctant to intervene in the illegal extraction of diamonds in search of political leverage. Later it responded with violent manipulative strategies and operations with detrimental consequences on the illegal miners. The brutal strategies employed by individuals and the state led to injury, illness and death of people amid a harsh socio-economic environment. Research limitations/implications – A number of respondents preferred to use pseudonyms because they feared that information collected could be used against them. Practical implications – The study is a good example of conflict between the state machinery and its citizens over a natural resource. It reveals excessive use of force by the state which appears to be the norm in other countries where diamonds are dubbed “blood diamonds”. Social implications – In the midst of the diamond-related violence a new and vibrant social identity emerged commonly referred to as magweja. The area experienced challenges especially with regards to the provision of health services and the traditional use of herbs was endangered by the destruction of vegetation. Originality/value – It reveals a milieu, state regulation enforcement and security agents, magombiro (armed robbers or murderers) all who discharged violence on magweja the foremost victims of the violent systems and practices. In addition, it encourages policy markers and implementers to devise non-violent strategies when dealing with illegal exploitation of natural resources.
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Chamboko, Tafireyi, Emmanuel Mwakiwa, and Prisca H. Mugabe. "Determinants of Milk Market Participation and Volume of Sales to Milk Collection Centres of the Smallholder Dairy Value Chain in Zimbabwe." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n10p156.
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At the attainment of Zimbabwe’s independence, government of Zimbabwe established the smallholder dairy development programme to encourage smallholder farmers to participate in formal milk markets. Although now more than three decades since the government established this programme, smallholder contribution to the national formal market remains low at 5%. This study was undertaken to determine factors affecting milk market participation and volume of sales to milk collection centres of the smallholder dairy value chain. Four smallholder dairy schemes were purposively selected on the basis of whether the scheme participated in the semi-formal or formal dairy value chain. A total of 185 farmers were then selected through simple random sampling and interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage selection econometric models. Results show that resources (represented by dairy cows, household size), knowledge (educational level, access to information and extension), experience (household head age) and agro-ecological region significantly determined farmers’ participation in milk markets. The study also shows the determinants of milk sales volumes to be resources (number of dairy cows and landholding size); market access (distance to milk collection centre); ambition of the farmer (age); and natural climatic conditions (agro-ecological region). Government policy interventions therefore need to be targeted at increasing the number of dairy cows, taking into account landholding and market access, targeting educated, young farmers located in agro-ecological regions I and II, providing them with adequate, appropriate information and extension packages in order to enhance milk market participation and volume of sales.
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KORI, EDMORE, AGNES MUSYOKI, and NTHADULENI S. NETHENGWE. "AN EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAZING LANDS USING THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT TOOL: A CASE OF CHIRUMANZU DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 15, no. 04 (December 2013): 1350017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333213500178.
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The 1992 United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development Summit underscored the need to conduct environmental sustainability evaluations. Such evaluations are important as they communicate the relationship between natural resources extraction and environmental regenerative capacity. We use the Ecological Footprint tool to evaluate the environmental sustainability of grazing landuse for Chirumanzu District of Zimbabwe. Empirical evidence presented here relates to livestock data obtained from the Veterinary Department and a sample household survey. Results revealed the presence of a large ecological reserve, depicting sustainable utilization of environmental resources. Further unravelling of the results, however, revealed under utilisation of the available biocapacity. Livestock-limited environmentally sustainable is the concept used to describe this scenario. Further interpretation of the large ecological reserve indicates insecure land tenure system, low livestock ownership and difficult economic hardships faced by resettled farmers. The paper recommends that the government adopts policies that encourage the development of a sustainable livestock sector.
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Lavoie, Maxime, Aurélie Renard, Justin A. Pitt, and Serge Larivière. "Vulpes chama (Carnivora: Canidae)." Mammalian Species 51, no. 972 (July 5, 2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sez002.
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Abstract Vulpes chama (Smith, 1833), commonly called the Cape fox, is 1 of 11 species of Vulpes. It is the only species of Vulpes occurring in southern Africa, and is endemic to that region. It occurs in southern Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and southwestern Zimbabwe. V. chama is a slender-built fox and its pelage is silvery gray throughout, back of pinna is tawny, and white hairs occur in the front along pinna edge. It tends to occupy arid and semiarid open habitats and feeds mainly on small mammals and insects, but also consumes birds, small reptiles, and fruits. V. chama is not of conservation concern and is listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
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Betty Kutukwa Mutambanengwe and Ignatius Isaac Dambudzo. "Employment Creation and Extreme Poverty Eradication through Open and Distance eLearning and Technical-Vocational Education and Training in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v6i2.1854.
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This study explored how Open and Distance eLearning (ODeL) system is enhancing employment creation and extreme poverty eradication in Zimbabwe. Poverty is a challenge in developing countries in the presence of unemployment and lack of education. This study aimed to put into perspective the strides made by ODeL institutions in Zimbabwe towards extreme poverty eradication through TVET in the education system. Data were collected from purposively selected 20 ODeL graduates including; entrepreneurs, street vendors, and individuals, formally and informally employed, by using interviews and observation, in this case study. The study employed thematic analysis for the narrative qualitative data. The study revealed that poverty can be reduced through skills empowerment to learners at all educational levels. Exposure to a bouquet of vocational subjects in technical-vocational institutions has enabled entrepreneurs to create employment, applying acquired skills. The major barriers to effective entrepreneurship and employment creation were the scarcity of resources and natural disasters. The study is also significant that educational planners and policy-makers may formulate policies that encourage school and college graduates to be innovative, self-reliant, and may guard against extreme poverty in their communities. It can be concluded that possession and application of vocational skills may create employment and eradicate extreme poverty. It is, therefore, recommended that TVET starts early in life for innovativeness and effective use of available resources. Further research could be carried out on the nature of programmes in learning institutions that empower learners with skills for employment creation, sustainable development, and extreme poverty eradication.
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Frost, Peter, Bruce Campbell, Martin (marty) Luckert, Manyewu Mutamba, Alois Mandondo, and Witness Kozanayi. "In Search of Improved Rural Livelihoods in Semi-Arid Regions through Local Management of Natural Resources: Lessons from Case Studies in Zimbabwe." World Development 35, no. 11 (November 2007): 1961–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.11.012.
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Mutizwa, Bismark. "An Investigation into Organisation Capacity for National Disaster Management in Zimbabwe: The Case of the Department of Civil Protection." International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0401.207.
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Across the globe, disasters – both natural and man-made – have threatened humanity. These disasters had grave and devastating impact on human life, infrastructure, and the environment as evidenced by the February 2000 Cyclone Eline and March 2019 Cyclone Idai. This research sought to investigate the Department of Civil Protection`s (DCP) capacity in national disaster management. The research examines how the DCP handled cyclones from 2000-2019 in Chimanimani District. Organisational capacity was assessed on the basis of its core principles which are: leadership, management and operations, community engagement, service and evaluation. The study discovered that inadequate financial and human resources, poor emergency response systems, weak learning and lessons drawing, reactive disaster management, weak pre-disaster management community engagement, poor reconstruction and failure to harmonise military and DCP operational structures are factors undermining DCP`s capacity for national disaster management. The research recommends that government should avail adequate resources, DCP should be proactive in disaster management, should openly contract-out reconstruction works, and collaborate with universities to strengthen organisational learning capacity, align military and DCP operational structures and processes and let Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO) distribute food and other humanitarian aid.
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Van Der Vyver, Johan. "The Protection and Promotion of a People’s Right to Mineral Resources in Africa: International and Municipal Perspectives." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0036.
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Abstract Development programs in many African countries include the reallocation of land and the nationalization of mineral resources for the benefit of less privileged communities in those countries. Implementing these programs is, however, quite complicated. This paper pays special attention to the confiscation of the land of white farmers in Zimbabwe as part of a development program, and the rapid decline of the economy of that country in consequence of this program. It serves as a reminder that depriving landowners of their property rights is counterproductive and is therefore not a feasible development strategy. As far as the right to explore natural resources is concerned, the paper highlights the repeated resolutions of the United Nations proclaiming the “inalienable right of all states freely to dispose of their natural resources in accordance with their national interests” as an inherent aspect of sovereignty [e.g. G.A. Res. 626, 7 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No. 20), at 18, U.N. Doc. A/2361 (1952).], with occasional reminders that developing countries were in need of encouragement “in the proper use and exploitation of their natural wealth and resources” [e.g. E.S.C. Res. 1737, 54 U.N. ESCOR, Supp., No. 1 (1973).]. These resolutions were adopted in the context of the decolonization policy of the United Nations and were mainly aimed at denouncing the exploitation of the mineral resources of African countries by colonial powers [G.A. Res. 2288, 22 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No. 16), at 48, U.N. Doc. A/6716 (1967)., para 3]. The emphasis of international law relating to the natural resources over time also emphasized the right to self-determination of peoples. As early as 1958, the General Assembly, in a resolution through which the Commission on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources was established, stated that the “permanent sovereignty over natural wealth and resources” of states is “a basic constituent of the right to self-determination” [G.A. Res. 1314, 13 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No. 18), at 27, U.N. Doc. A/4090 (1958).]. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights similarly provides “All peoples shall freely dispose of their wealth and natural resources. This right shall be exercised in the exclusive interest of the people. In no case shall a people be deprived of it” [Art 21(1)]. This provision featured prominently in several judgments of courts of law, such as the one of the South African Constitutional Court in the case of Bengwenyama Minerals (Pty) Ltd & Others v Gemorah Resources (Pty) Ltd & Others [2011] (3) BCLR 229 (CC) (3) BCLR 229 (CC) and of the African Court of Human and People’s Rights in the case of Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) v Nigeria (2001) AHRLR 60 (ACHPR 2001), Communication 155/96, 15th Annual Report. AHRLR 60 (Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) v Nigeria (2001) AHRLR 60 (ACHPR 2001), Communication 155/96, 15th Annual Report.) Communication 155/96. In view of these directives of international law, the paper will critically analyze the South African Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002, which deprived landowners of the ownership of unexplored minerals and petroleum products and proclaimed mineral and petroleum resources to be “the common heritage of all the people of South Africa” with the state as the custodian thereof.
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Chazovachii, Bernard, Maxwell Chuma, Alimos Mushuku, Leonard Chirenje, Leonard Chitongo, and Raphel Mudyariwa. "Livelihood Resilient Strategies through Beekeeping in Chitanga Village, Mwenezi District, Zimbabwe." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 1 (November 8, 2012): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n1p124.
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<p>The study sought to establish the contribution of beekeeping in rural livelihoods sustainability. Chitanga village had experienced low agricultural productivity due to poor and infertile soils and this has led to food insecurity which had driven them into beekeeping. This opportunity has been driven by the existence of tall trees and wild plants that develop flowers in the village which attracted bees. However, the utility of beekeeping enterprise as a livelihood activity has not been fully realised. This study was carried out in the context of a sustainable rural livelihoods framework. This framework states that at any given time, every community or society falls under a vulnerability context as a result of both natural and human made disasters. In light of the vulnerability, a community mobilises the various forms of its assets at its disposal to earn a living. Applying this framework, the study analysed the strategies the community employed to enhance its livelihoods through the sharing of benefits. The research used questionnaires, structured interviews and observations as sources of gathering data. The study established the benefits which accrued from beekeeping that included honey as food, income in the form of cash, medicines, scenery creation for tourism and income generating projects through making of hives, growing of flowers and citrus fruits which attract bees. A backward and forward linkage of enterprises emerged. Employment creation and increasing in the number of livelihood activities in the area has been witnessed due to beekeeping. This culminated in diversification of livelihood options leading to rural transformation through utilization of local available resources. The study recommends that the sustainability of beekeeping enterprise should be reinforced by backward and forward linkages. The government partnered by NGOs should take the lead and compliment the efforts of beekeepers by providing clear policy and planning.</p>
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Chanza, Nelson, and Walter Musakwa. "“Trees Are Our Relatives”: Local Perceptions on Forestry Resources and Implications for Climate Change Mitigation." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115885.
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The link between nature and society is vital for climate change mitigation and sustainable natural recourse management. Based on a case study of the indigenous people of Mbire in Zimbabwe, we argue that perceptions of indigenous people about forestry resources provide useful pointers toward framing climate mitigation interventions. This interest was necessitated by the growing call to address the suppression of forest-rich indigenous communities in climate change science. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to understand how indigenous people can contribute to the abatement of climate change. The study engaged 32 purposively selected elderly participants in focus group discussions; these participants had long histories of staying in the villages studied and were figures whom the locals regarded as “experts” in giving credible inferences about their environment. The participants corroboratively perceived forests and trees as their own “relatives”, who should not be harmed because of the support they continue to generously give to the people. Their construct of climate change relates to the gradual but continuing trivialization of cultural beliefs and abandonment of traditional practices, which they believe offend the spirits who have powers to influence the climate system. Although their attribution view on climate change is in contrast with that of mainstream climate scientists, we argue that their profound acknowledgement of climatic change, coupled with their scientific understanding of the intrinsic relationship between people’s wellbeing and the environment, are key entry points to design sustainable climate mitigation programs at community scales. The sustainability of such programs should not ignore local belief systems and strategies that communities use in preserving their forests.
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Chipenda, Clement, and Tom Tom. "The generational questions after land reform in Zimbabwe: a social reproduction perspective." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 3 (December 25, 2019): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-02-2019-0072.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a contemporary perspective on post land reform Zimbabwe with special focus on the youth. It uses the social reproduction conceptual framework to show that two decades after land reform, there are generational questions which are now arising in the new resettlement areas which need deeper, empirical and more nuanced analysis to comprehend. In a context where some countries in Southern Africa are grappling with the best ways of dealing with their land questions, it shows that from a youth perspective, the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) has important lessons. Design/methodology/approach The study was largely qualitative and grounded in an interpretive research paradigm. It employed various data gathering instruments and solicited for responses from 151 young people as well as 11 key informants. The study used the social reproduction perspective as a conceptual and evaluative tool to ascertain the outcomes of the FTLRP from a social reproduction perspective with special focus on young people. Findings The study showed that there are some young people in the resettlement areas who blame the land reform programme for the challenging socio-economic situation which they are facing. It also shows that for the youth, the FTLRP has had multi-dimensional impact; while some are complaining, others have managed to use their agency to access natural resources and land, which has seen them “accumulating from below”. For some young people, land reform has positively transformed their lives, while others feel that it has limited their opportunities. Originality/value The paper provides new and contemporary insights on post land reform Zimbabwe. This is an area which is increasingly gaining traction in scholarship on the FTLRP. In addition, the paper provides a unique perspective of looking at the issue of the youth from a social reproduction perspective; this is a unique academic contribution. Lastly, the paper is useful insofar as it transcends the debates on the FTLRP to proffer a unique analysis on the social reproduction dimensions of the FTLRP.
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Mafuwe, Kudzai, Edwin Tambara, Fortunes F. Matutu, Cedric Maforimbo, Joshua Tsamba, Cynthia Mapendere, and Sydney Moyo. "Community assembly of adult odonates in lacustrine systems of an understudied world heritage site of south-eastern Zimbabwe." International Journal of Odonatology 24 (January 1, 2021): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23797/2159-6719_24_9.
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Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are efficacious for management and conservation efforts in freshwaters. In recent times, increased effort has gone into enhancing awareness, data and information on dragonflies among scientists and policymakers. Here, we examined the Odonata community of dams within the Matobo National Park, a world heritage site in southern Zimbabwe. Specifically, we determined diversity of larval and adult odonate in five dams over one year. Several physico-chemical parameters were measured, including pH, total dissolved salts (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC). Further, we assessed how habitat types (i.e., detritus, sand, gravel, plant type) affect Odonata communities. In addition, surveys were conducted to identify critical threats to Odonata in the Matobo National Park and surrounding areas. Broadly, results showed that Odonata nymphs and volant adults did not change predictably across all sampling occasions. Further, pH was positively correlated with Libellulidae and Platycnemididae, whereas TDS and EC were positively correlated with Libellulidae, Platycnemididae and Macromiidae. Contrariwise, Gomphidae were found to be negatively correlated to TDS, EC and pH. The threat analyses identified natural system modifications, agricultural expansion and intensification, as well as human intrusions and disturbance as the major threats to Odonata and freshwater resources in Matobo National Park. Taken together, these data provide baseline data that will be useful for future monitoring of threats and subsequently conservation strategies in the Matobo National Park and other protected areas in Southern Africa.
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TWOMLOW, STEVE, BEKELE SHIFERAW, PETER COOPER, and J. D. H. KEATINGE. "INTEGRATING GENETICS AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY TARGETING AND GREATER IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 2 (April 2008): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006340.
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SUMMARYGood management of natural resources is the key to good agriculture. This is true everywhere – and particularly in the semi-arid tropics, where over-exploitation of fragile or inherently vulnerable agro-ecosystems is leading to land and soil degradation, productivity decline, and increasing hunger and poverty. Modern crop varieties offer high yields, but the larger share of this potential yield can only be realized with good crop management. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), working over a vast and diverse mandate area, has learned one key lesson: that technologies and interventions must be matched not only to the crop or livestock enterprise and the biophysical environment, but also with the market and investment environment, including input supply systems and policy. Various Natural Resource Management (NRM) technologies have been developed over the years, but widespread adoption has been limited for various reasons: technical, socio-economic and institutional. To change this, ICRISAT hypothesizes that ‘A research approach, founded on the need to integrate a broad consideration of technical, socio-economic and institutional issues into the generation of agricultural innovations will result in a higher level of adoption and more sustainable and diverse impacts in the rainfed systems of the semi-arid tropics.’ Traditionally, crop improvement and NRM were seen as distinct but complementary disciplines. ICRISAT is deliberately blurring these boundaries to create the new paradigm of IGNRM or Integrated Genetic and Natural Resource Management. Improved varieties and improved resource management are two sides of the same coin. Most farming problems require integrated solutions, with genetic, management-related and socio-economic components. In essence, plant breeders and NRM scientists must integrate their work with that of private and public sector change agents to develop flexible cropping systems that can respond to rapid changes in market opportunities and climatic conditions. The systems approach looks at various components of the rural economy – traditional food grains, new potential cash crops, livestock and fodder production, as well as socio-economic factors such as alternative sources of employment and income. Crucially the IGNRM approach is participatory, with farmers closely involved in technology development, testing and dissemination. ICRISAT has begun to use the IGNRM approach to catalyse technology uptake and substantially improve food security and incomes in smallholder farm communities at several locations in India, Mali, Niger, Vietnam, China, Thailand and Zimbabwe.
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Musakwa, Walter, Ephraim Mpofu, and Nesisa Analisa Nyathi. "Local Community Perceptions on Landscape Change, Ecosystem Services, Climate Change, and Livelihoods in Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 4610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114610.
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Understanding humanity’s relationship with nature is crucial for the well-being and sustainable development of mankind in the face of global environmental change. Communities depend on landscapes for survival and landscapes determine if sustainable development is to be achieved. The links between landscapes, ecosystem services, livelihoods, and climate change are often complex, misunderstood, and barely studied in rural areas of Africa, where communities live side-by-side with conservation areas. Our study surveyed the perception of the nexus of landscape change, climate change, ecosystem services, and livelihoods in Gonarezhou, a national park in southeastern Zimbabwe. We also used Landsat satellite imagery to map the landscape change over 20 years to validate and to correlate with the survey data. The survey results indicated that people relied on rainfed agriculture as a means of livelihood, but droughts as a result of climate change force communities to engage in other means of livelihoods such as small-scale poaching of small game such as impala and harvesting of natural resources such as edible shrubs. Crops and livestock as provisional ecosystem services have been negatively affected by climate change and landscape change. Landsat data confirmed that there was a negative transformation of the landscape as a result of agriculture, growth in settlements, and large herbivores. However, there was also a positive landscape transformation resulting from the conservation efforts by the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust (GCT). Cultural services about education and awareness of the environment and provisional services such as wild fruits are booming. Challenges such as soil erosion, human–wildlife conflict, and minimal community benefits from conservation efforts hindered sustainable development in the study area. While changes in landscape, climate, livelihoods, and ecosystem services happened at a local scale, the underlying drivers such as politics and the economy were also identified as drivers of landscape change.
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Simonova, E., and E. Rystsova. "Common Eland: Characteristics of the Species and Possibility of Its Use in Meat Production." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/41/33.
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Common eland is a large African ruminant that is suitable for domestication and has a huge farming potential for producing lean meat. Sustainable interest in the problems of domestication of eland antelope has not weakened lately due to the increasing need for more rational use of natural resources. The domestication of the most promising mammalian species is one of the ways of the more rational use of the wild fauna and involvement of its representatives in the cultural economy. Canna antelope is becoming increasingly popular in some countries of the African continent (South Africa, Kenya, Namibia, and Zimbabwe), where its domestication is actively conducted. Average body weight varies from 450 to 942 kg for males and from 317 to 470 kg for females. Meat and skin of common eland were traditionally prized by hunters, meat was also considered the most delicious in South Africa. Thanks to its outstanding qualities, eland has been recommended as a candidate for domestication by the FAO. Currently, farmers grow common eland in largely enclosed pens for meat production. The meat of eland compared to beef was found darker and less yellowish. It has a lower contents of intramuscular fat and total collagen. Studies of the organoleptic properties of antelope’s meat compared to beef have confirmed the high culinary value of antelope’s meat.
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Merz, Leandra, Di Yang, and Vanessa Hull. "A Metacoupling Framework for Exploring Transboundary Watershed Management." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051879.
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Water is crucial for ecosystem health and socioeconomic development, but water scarcity is becoming a global concern. Management of transboundary watersheds is inherently challenging and has the potential to lead to conflict over the allocation of water resources. The metacoupling framework, which explores the relationships between coupled human and natural systems that are nested within multiple different scales, has been proposed to inform more holistic management of transboundary watersheds. This paper provides the first attempt to apply a metacoupling framework to a transboundary watershed for an improved integrated understanding of this complex system at multiple spatial scales. It does so with the transnational Limpopo River watershed in Southern Africa, which covers 1.3% of the continent and supports the livelihoods of 18.8 million people living in Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a growing gap between water availability and demand; the primary drivers are population growth and agriculture expansion. The novelty of the paper is outlining the importance of applying a metacoupling framework to transboundary watersheds, identifying the limitations to this application, and providing a detailed assessment of the steps needed to complete this application. We also identify directions for future research including application of a metacoupling framework to other transboundary watersheds and exploration of spillover effects and externalities within this and other transboundary watersheds.
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Kärkkäinen, Annina. "Does China have a geoeconomic strategy towards Zimbabwe? The case of the Zimbabwean natural resource sector." Asia Europe Journal 14, no. 2 (November 12, 2015): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-015-0445-7.
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Mushuku, Alimos. "Revisiting Indigenous Knowledge Systems for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Fast Track Resettlement Schemes. A Comparative Analysis of Indigenous Knowledge Systems Use In A1 Resettlement Schemes and Communal Areas in Chiredzi and Zaka Districts, Zimbabwe." Greener Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2014): 024–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjss.2014.1.111213961.
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Moyo, Sam. "Land and Natural Resource Redistribution in Zimbabwe: Access, Equity and Conflict." African and Asian Studies 4, no. 1-2 (2005): 187–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569209054547283.
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Taylor, Russell. "Community based natural resource management in Zimbabwe: the experience of CAMPFIRE." Biodiversity and Conservation 18, no. 10 (June 10, 2009): 2563–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9612-8.
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Mashapa, Clayton, Patience Zisadza-Gandiwa, Elias Libombo, Patience Mhuriro-Mashapa, Never Muboko, and Edson Gandiwa. "An Assessment of Women Participation in Community-Based Natural Resource Conservation in Southeast Zimbabwe." Open Journal of Ecology 10, no. 04 (2020): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2020.104013.
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Sithole, Mkhokheli, Keith Phiri, and Thobekile Masabo. "Gendered spaces in natural resource utilisation for sustainable development in rural communities of Zimbabwe." Cogent Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1909792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1909792.
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MAPIRA, Jemitias. "ZIMBABWE’S FORESTRY COMMISSION AND THE QUEST FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 11, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 2415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v11i2.6305.
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This paper examines how some Zimbabwean government departments/organizations have been involved in the management of natural resources with a view to achieving sustainable development (SD) at local and national levels. This includes the Forestry Commission (FC) which dates back to the colonial era. Zimbabwe’s forest resources are governed by the Forest Act (Chapter 19:05) of 1996 (G.o.Z, 1996). The Act was proclaimed through an Act of parliament in 1949 and has been revised numerous times since its inception. Following the promulgation of the Act, a Forestry Commission was established in April 1954 in order to protect and conserve the country’s forest resources including indigenous and exotic species. During the 1990s Ngamo Safaris was established with a view to generating income for the FC. Since then, Ngamo Safaris has boosted the commission’s coffers and brought financial stability to the organization. Unlike other government departments, ministries and NGOs, the FC is now self-reliant due to its income-generating projects. As such, it has become a model in the execution of its statutory mandate. The FC has been involved in such activities as tree planting, land reclamation and soil control. It has also been supplying villagers with tree seedlings with a view to promoting SD at local and national levels. However, in spite of this invaluable contribution, the FC is under-staffed at district, provincial and national levels, which undermines its regular operations.
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Child, Graham. "The role of community-based wild resource management in Zimbabwe." Biodiversity and Conservation 5, no. 3 (March 1996): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00051779.
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Nhapi, Tatenda G. "Natural Resource Degradation through Tobacco Farming in Zimbabwe: CSR Implications and the Role of the Government." Communicatio 45, no. 3 (April 23, 2019): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2019.1569541.
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Mashingaidze, Terence M. "Beyond the Kariba Dam Induced Displacements: The Zimbabwean Tonga’s Struggles for Restitution, 1990s–2000s." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, no. 3 (2013): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02003003.
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The colonial Southern Rhodesian government displaced the minority Tonga people from the ecologically rich Zambezi River plains due to the construction of the World Bank funded hydroelectric power generating Kariba Dam in the late 1950s. The dislocated communities were resettled in the adjoining uplands of Binga District where they did not access the electricity and waters of the Kariba Dam as well as the wild animal resources in the safaris and national game parks abutting their new villages. This state regulated decoupling from the local natural resource asset base generated a politicised sense of entitlement to those resources spearheaded by a generational cohort of educated Tonga activists that emerged in the 1990s. Besides everyday realities of socio-economic marginalisation, these activists also drew inspiration from the prevailing global discourses of indigeneity and anti-dam politics to form organisations such as Binga Development Association, Binga Catholic Commission for Peace and Justice, and Basilwizi Trust that coordinated local assertions for increased access to resources in the uplands and around the Kariba waterscape. Through these emerging networks of solidarity, I argue, the Tonga activists constructed and deployed persuasive claims for the exigency of rehabilitating their embattled people’s deprived post-relocation livelihoods. These Tonga articulations and actions reveal how marginalised ethno-class categories within countries align their claims for increased access to local resources and general socio-economic empowerment to national and international activism and discourses.
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Nhapi, Innocent, and Huub J. Gijzen. "Wastewater management in Zimbabwe in the context of sustainability." Water Policy 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0033.
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Conventional sanitation approaches are rather inappropriate and expensive ways of providing a satisfactory solution to increasing wastewater problems in developing countries. This paper looks at the financial and environmental implications of the sanitation approaches adopted in Zimbabwe, and from the weaknesses identified, suggests a paradigm shift in which wastewater treatment is geared towards resource recovery and reuse. It was observed that unsustainable methods continue to be used because of deficient institutional arrangements and irrational technology choices made in the past. Natural treatment methods were recommended because they are low cost, easy to operate and maintain, and allow for the re-use of effluent. To achieve this requires a responsive institutional and funding mechanism backed by realistic legislation.
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George, D. A., J. F. Clewett, R. Selvaraju, and C. Birch. "Applied Climate Education and Training for Agricultural and Natural Resource Management in India, Indonesia, Zimbabwe and Australia." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 12, no. 2 (June 2006): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13892240600861674.
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Macheka, Mavis Thokozile. "Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site and sustainable development." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 3 (November 21, 2016): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-09-2015-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site has contributed to the sustainable development of the local people who live in its vicinity. What is critically important to underscore is the value of the site to society. Design/methodology/approach The relevant data were collected through questionnaires, personal interviews and site visits. Findings The paper reveals that cultural heritage has affected sustainable development of local communities living in its vicinity in social and cultural terms. There is promotion of Shona traditions through exhibitions and selling of curios by local people at community projects such as the Shona Village and the Great Zimbabwe Nemanwa Craft Centre. The two projects also generate revenue to the local communities. However it was established that a number of benefits from the site such as employment creation are temporary and unsustainable. The main challenge for effecting sustainable development to local communities is lack of community participation. Originality/value Most researchers are arguing that sustainability of cultural heritage is much more difficult compared to natural heritage but the findings reflect that cultural heritage through Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site could be an essential engine and valuable resource for sustainable development.
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Mukwada, Geoffrey. "The influence of anthropogenic phenomena and contingency in tree resource distribution in Mufurudzi resettlement area, Zimbabwe." Journal for Nature Conservation 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2008.09.009.
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