Dissertations / Theses: 'Natural sciences – Biological sciences'

1

Arvestad, Lars. "Algorithms for biological sequence alignment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys och datalogi, NADA, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2905.

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Holm, Tina. "Cell-penetrating peptides : Uptake, stability and biological activity." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för neurokemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55664.

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Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as a group of remarkable delivery vectors for various hydrophilic macromolecules, otherwise excluded from cells due to the protective plasma membrane. Unbiased conclusions regarding e.g. uptake mechanism, intracellular distribution and cargo delivery efficacy is complicated by the use of different methodological parameters by different laboratories. The first paper in this thesis introduced unifying protocols enabling comparison of results from different research groups. One of these methods, HPLC, was used in paper II to investigate CPP uptake and degradation in yeasts. Both parameters varied depending on peptide and yeast species; however pVEC emerged as a promising delivery vector in yeast since it internalized into both species tested without concomitant degradation. Protein mimicry was another investigated phenomenon and in paper III a 22-mer peptide from the p14Arf protein (Arf (1-22)) was found to be sufficient for retaining its function as a tumor suppressor. This peptide comprised a combination of apoptogenic property and CPP in one unity, thus providing opportunity to conjugate cytotoxic agents boosting the tumoricidal activity. Surprisingly, a partially inverted control peptide to Arf (1-22), called M918, was found to be an extraordinary CPP. In paper IV, it was shown to be superior to well-established CPPs in delivery of both peptide nucleic acids and proteins. Albeit the promising results these two peptides displayed, their utility in vivo, as with all peptides, is hampered by rapid degradation. With the aim of improving their stability, Arf (1-22) and M918 were synthesized with D-amino acids in the reverse order, a modification called retro-inverso (RI) isomerization. Their cell-penetrating ability was retained, but the treated cells displayed unexpected morphological alterations indicative of apoptosis. The presented results demonstrate the versatility of CPPs, functioning as vectors in both yeast and mammalian cells and as protein mimicking peptides with biological activity. Their potential as drug delivery agents is obvious; however, peptide degradation is an issue that requires further improvements before clinical success is in reach.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: In press.

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Almaliti, Jehad S. "Natural Products-Inspired Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bioactive Agents." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1384555204.

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4

Magadla, Aphiwe. "Construction of personhood within Xhosa ethnicity: critical perspectives mediating state and community conflict over natural resources." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33771.

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This study examines the navigation of structural pressures, limitations and conservation policies by the community of Hobeni Village in the practice of traditional rituals within the context of nature conservation. It considers how ceremonies such as uKuqatywa komntwana, Intonjane, Ulwaluko, ukunikezelwa ko-Mkhontho, and Umcimbi/ Umgidi play a vital role in the construction of personhood among small groups of men, women and teenagers identifying as Xhosa people in the Hobeni Village in the Eastern Cape. The qualitative research drew insights from indigenous knowledge already known to the researcher, current research, participatory observation and semistructured interviews conducted on twenty-four members of the community. The ethnographic study found that systemic methods of nature conservation Vis a Vis symbolic oppression, sit in tension with the rituals performed by members of the AmaXhosa at Hobeni village. It argues that for Hobeni residents, accessing the natural resources placed under conservation is a vital aspect of their identity formation, which is impacted by conservation. The research found that current conservation practices pose a threat not only to AmaXhosa practices of identity formation and sense of belonging but also to the maintenance of their culture. The connection of the Hobeni people with nature is limited by conservation methods that force them to adapt their traditional practices that attempt to find congruence with their belief systems, but that strain the relationship between these villagers and their ancestors. In the search for alternative methods to preserve natural resources and maintain the culture of Hobeni village, this dissertation calls for the establishment of a different approach to conservation that is context-specific and community-centred. A transformative approach to conservation could advance environmental justice without compelling the community to negatively negotiate, as is currently the case, their cultural practices or erode their entanglement with nature. The contribution of this study lies in challenging the narrative or ideologically laden discourses that perceive people as a threat to nature and the environment. This dissertation concludes that people possess diverse knowledge systems and resources that enable them to coexist and conserve nature in their surroundings or living environment.

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Ribeiro, Óscar Manuel Soares. "O idoso prestador informal de cuidados: estudo sobre a experiência masculina do cuidar." Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7159.

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Rogers, Annabelle J. "Anthropogenic modification of the natural fire landscape and its consequences for vegetation patterns on the Cape Peninsula." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25511.

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Understanding the spatial probability of fire and how urban development may alter natural patterns is particularly important in areas where alternate ecosystem states occur at fine spatial scales. The Cape Peninsula, South Africa, is a one such region where fire-sensitive forest patches occur interspersed in a sea of fire-dependent fynbos. Fire is believed to be an important determinate of forest distribution, with absence or occurrence of fires potentially allowing patch contraction and expansion. In this thesis I use a series of computer models to determine the extent to which anthropogenic development and land transformation have altered the spatial variation in fire likelihood, or the 'burn probability', and its consequence for the distribution of forest on the Cape Peninsula. The two multi-model, fire behaviour simulation systems I use are FlamMap and FARSITE. FARSITE is a deterministic simulation package used globally for discrete event simulation. In an effort to assess the viability of using the FARSITE model for fire prediction in fynbos and the determinants of model accuracy, I predicted fire area for a historical fire on the Cape Peninsula using a variety of fuel models and wind conditions. Following this validation, FlamMap was used to simulate the burn probability of the Cape Peninsula under natural conditions – no urban development present – and transformed conditions – where urban areas mapped as non-burnable fuel models. I then determined changes in forest distribution documented over the last 50 years relative to changes in burn probability as a result of urbanisation. My results show that an increase in urbanisation on the Cape Flats has produced a significant urban shadow effect due to the interruption of natural fire catchments. This urban shadow effect has resulted in an overall increase in area of fire refuges on the Peninsula and expansion of forest, particularly on the more mesic eastern slopes at Kirstenbosch and Newlands. The results strongly support that urban-mediated changes to fire patterns are drivers of forest expansion in this region, and adds further evidence to support the significance of fire in determining biome boundaries in the fynbos.

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Alkhaleefah, Fahd. "Isolation and characterisation of imipenem-resistant bacteria from natural environments and clinical settings." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11609.

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The development and spread of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is now recognised as a key threat to public health and society. A small number of antimicrobials, including imipenem and vancomycin, are now considered to be the drugs of ‘last resort’ for treating antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigates and characterises antibiotic (imipenem) resistant bacteria in environmental and clinical samples from the U.K. Imipenem resistant (ImR) bacteria were isolated and characterised from river water samples from East Yorkshire and soil samples from Lincolnshire. ImR clinical isolates from different hospitals (York, Sheffield and Hull) were also characterised. Phenotypic resistance to imipenem was observed in 11.2% (75/670 CFU ml⁻¹), 13.3% (145.35 x 10⁵/ 109.1 x 10⁶ CFU g⁻¹) and 38.5% (42/109) of water, soil and clinical bacterial isolates, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the clinical isolates were generally higher (> 32 mg L⁻¹ in 71.4% of isolates) than those of the environmental isolates, which were around 4 mg L⁻¹ in 63.4% of water isolates and in 42.7% of soil isolates. β-lactamase activity studies showed that the most common β-lactamases among the environmental isolates were class B metallo β-lactamases (MBLs) (84.2%), while class A Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) (40.5%) were the most common β-lactamases observed in the clinical isolates. Higher frequencies of multi-drug resistant (MDR) patterns were detected among the environmental isolates than among the clinical strains. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes identified 30 (17 species), 96 (27 species), and 42 (11 species) ImR bacteria in water, soil and clinical samples, respectively. The most abundant genera identified were Caulobacter (36.7%), Stenotrophomonas (44.8%) and Stenotrophomonas (40.5%) from water, soil and clinical environments, respectively. PCR products were generated from ImR clinical isolates and some of the environmental isolates using primers targeting β-lactamase genes. Sequence analysis of these products from clinical isolates showed that they were specific and related to β-lactamase genes. However, the products from environmental isolates were not related to known genes characterised from antibiotic resistant clinically important bacteria. This suggests that there is a potentially large and divergent gene pool encoding for imipenem ressitance within natural environments, and that river water and agricultural soil are important as reservoirs of novel antibiotic resistance. Genome sequencing was used to characterise 8 MDR Stenotrophomonas spp. isolates from water, soil and clinical samples. This analysis showed the detection of β-lactamases genes (between 8 and 15 genes per isolate) including class A (L2), B (L1) and C (AmpC), fluoroquinolones resistance genes (between 4-8 genes per isolate), and genes encoding MDR efflux pumps (between 23-32 genes per isolate). Antibiotic resistance genes for other antimicrobials were also observed in small numbers; these represented aminoglycoside, sulphonamide and tetracycline resistance. Genes encoding resistance to heavy metal resistance (between 13-27 genes per isolate) were also observed. Overall, this research has demonstrated the widespread presence of imipenem resistant bacteria in environmental and clinical settings, carrying multiple resistances to other antibiotics. In particular, imipenem resistant Stenotrophomonas spp. were present in all of the environments studied and these bacteria were found to harbour multiple and diverse antibiotic resistance genes, that differed between isolates from environmental and clinical origins.

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Germishuizen, Matthew. "The effects of microplastic and natural particles on the invasive mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) and the native Choromytilus meridionalis." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33738.

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Mussels living in coastal environments are often exposed to natural inorganic particles and hence may be well adapted to dealing with high sediment loads. The mechanisms by which they deal with particle loads do, however, cause stress and alter metabolic processes. An increasingly common anthropogenic addition to particle loads in the ocean are microplastic particles. Numerous recent experiments have addressed the impacts of microplastics on metabolic performance, but few of these have used natural reference particles to control for the concurrent effects of particle load itself. This study aims to compare the effects of microplastic and of natural particle exposure on the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, an invasive species which has become the dominant mussel in the mid- to low-shore of the south and west coasts of South Africa, but is absent from areas prone to sand inundation. These effects will be compared to those on the native mussel Choromytilus meridionalis, which resides on the low shore, and unlike M. galloprovincialis often occurs in areas prone to sand inundation. Respiration rates, byssus production, clearance rate, body condition (BCI) and survival of mussels exposed to four concentrations of two particle types, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and red clay were measured. A significant concentration effect was found in the respiration rates of Mytilus galloprovincialis, while C. meridionalis respiration rates were largely unaffected by both particle type and particle concentration. The byssus numbers of M. galloprovincialis were significantly reduced by microplastic exposure, whilst no particle type effects were found in C. meridionalis. Clearance rates of C. meridionalis, on the other hand, were significantly affected by particle concentration, while no effects were found on M. galloprovincialis. The BCI of C. meridionalis was also found to be affected by particle concentrations, while M. galloprovincialis was unaffected. All C. meridionalisindividualssurvived the experiment, while 29 M. galloprovincialis died. Mortality of M. galloprovincialis exposed to the two particle types was not significantly different, although more mortality was suffered in PVC treatments than in red clay treatments. The results reveal that there was indeed a difference in the response of M. galloprovincialis to the different particle types, and that the two species did exhibit different strategies to both particle type, and concentration. Experimental studies of this nature are imperative in order to disentangle microplastic effects from those of particles in general, and to develop a better understanding of potential impacts of plastic debris on marine ecosystems.

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9

Martins, Luís Filipe da Silva. "Applications of game theory and dynamics to social and biological sciences." Tese, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/116222.

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Martins, Luís Filipe da Silva. "Applications of game theory and dynamics to social and biological sciences." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/116222.

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Bondarenko, Anna. "Computational Chemistry Studies on Biological Systems." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78290.

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Pereira, Miguel Quinaz. "Onboard Image Classification of Biological Habitats Using Underwater Vehicles." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/139609.

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Bondarenko, Anna. "Computational Chemistry Studies on Biological Systems." Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78290.

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Buchadas, Ana Raquel Caetano. "Dynamic modelling in the scope of biological invasions' research and management." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/97329.

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Cavadas, Bruno Miguel Tomás. "Using omics to address question in biomedical sciences: human and microbime diversities in cancer susceptibility." Tese, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/124901.

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Cavadas, Bruno Miguel Tomás. "Using omics to address question in biomedical sciences: human and microbime diversities in cancer susceptibility." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/124901.

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Ribeiro, Rui Pedro Fernandes. "Development of a computational protocol to study passive diffusion through biological membranes." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88051.

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Hermida, Margarida Dulce da Conceição Aragão. "Parasites of the Blackspot Seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo, as Biological tags for Stock Identífícation." Tese, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/65064.

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19

Dias, Ricardo Jorge Correia. "From chemistry to biological implications of polyphenols in Celiac Disease." Tese, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/127805.

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Dias, Ricardo Jorge Correia. "From chemistry to biological implications of polyphenols in Celiac Disease." Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/127805.

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Castro, Ricardo José da Silva. "Ectoparasites of Atlantic mackerels (Scomber colias and S. scombrus): biological tags and macro and microhabitats dynamics." Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/65489.

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Martins, Cátia Liane Teixeira. "Evaluation and validation of retrotransposons-based kits for DNA analysis of degraded biological evidence and rootless hair." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/101339.

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Dias, Ivo Emanuel Sampaio. "Enantioselective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of PLG and GPE Proline Mimetics." Tese, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/116204.

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Dias, Ivo Emanuel Sampaio. "Enantioselective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of PLG and GPE Proline Mimetics." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/116204.

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25

Antunes, Jorge Tiago Vieira Ferreirinha. "Marine biofilms: targets of cyanobacterial compounds towards a natural antifouling strategy." Tese, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/123834.

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Antunes, Jorge Tiago Vieira Ferreirinha. "Marine biofilms: targets of cyanobacterial compounds towards a natural antifouling strategy." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/123834.

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Brunes, Tuliana Oliveira. "Biogeografia e diversificação de um grupo de anuros Neotropicais, Phyllomedusa burmeisteri. Abordagem integrativa através de análises moleculares e modelos de nicho ecológico." Tese, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/80092.

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Buchadas, Ana Raquel Caetano. "Dynamic modelling in the scope of biological invasions' research and management." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/97329.

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Martins, Beatriz de Oliveira. "Can an introduced gecko act as biological pest controller? Exploring the diet of Tarentola mauritanica in Madeira Island." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/139333.

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Queirós, João Luís Teixeira de. "Host-pathogen Interactions: The Role of Host Genetics and Co-infection in Natural Populations." Tese, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/102969.

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Queirós, João Luís Teixeira de. "Host-pathogen Interactions: The Role of Host Genetics and Co-infection in Natural Populations." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/102969.

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Ribeiro, Rui Pedro Fernandes. "Development of a computational protocol to study passive diffusion through biological membranes." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88051.

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Pereira, Sofia do Rosário Alves. "Sialyl - TN expression in bladder cancer: biological and clinical significance." Tese, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/85735.

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Pereira, Sofia do Rosário Alves. "Sialyl - TN expression in bladder cancer: biological and clinical significance." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/85735.

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Churro, Catarina Isabel Prata Pereira Leitão. "Accessing Planktothrix species diversity and associated toxins using quantitative real-time PCR in natural waters." Tese, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/87882.

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Churro, Catarina Isabel Prata Pereira Leitão. "Accessing Planktothrix species diversity and associated toxins using quantitative real-time PCR in natural waters." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/87882.

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37

Rodrigues, Aurélie Pinto. "Effects of environmental contaminants and natural stressores on feral Carcinus maenas: influence of the exposure history." Tese, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84800.

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Rodrigues, Aurélie Pinto. "Effects of environmental contaminants and natural stressores on feral Carcinus maenas: influence of the exposure history." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84800.

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39

Hermida, Margarida Dulce da Conceição Aragão. "Parasites of the Blackspot Seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo, as Biological tags for Stock Identífícation." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/65064.

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40

Despujols, Daniel Jun. "Integrative taxonomy of the genus Thenea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida) of the Portuguese shelf and slope: new records and new species for science." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/139111.

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Seixas, Fernando António Pereira da Silva Ferreira. "Genome admixture with massive mitochondrial DNA introgression in hares (Lepus spp.): the relative roles of demography and natural selection." Tese, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/110374.

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Seixas, Fernando António Pereira da Silva Ferreira. "Genome admixture with massive mitochondrial DNA introgression in hares (Lepus spp.): the relative roles of demography and natural selection." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/110374.

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43

Long, Solida. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indole Alkaloid Derivatives Based on Natural Products." Tese, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/120965.

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Long, Solida. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indole Alkaloid Derivatives Based on Natural Products." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/120965.

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Silva, Luís António Miranda de Sousa Pinto. "Evaluation of uremic solutes in biological samples of Chronic Kidney Disease patients." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/131367.

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Silva, Luís António Miranda de Sousa Pinto. "Evaluation of uremic solutes in biological samples of Chronic Kidney Disease patients." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/131367.

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Oliveira, Isabel Maria Santos da Costa. "Self-assembled nanostructures and soft materials from amino acid-based surfactants: interfacial, colloidal and biological properties." Tese, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129497.

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Oliveira, Isabel Maria Santos da Costa. "Self-assembled nanostructures and soft materials from amino acid-based surfactants: interfacial, colloidal and biological properties." Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129497.

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Cisa, Alba Trilla. "Phisiological Responses to Extreme Events of a Different Mean Intensity and Variability in a Foudation Macroalga at its Distributional Limit." Dissertação, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/70916.

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Ferreira, Odete Marinho Gonçalves. "The origin of the vertebrate stomach and the paradox of loss." Tese, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/102587.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural sciences – Biological sciences'

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