Academic literature on the topic 'Natural Swimming Pools'
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Journal articles on the topic "Natural Swimming Pools"
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Widiantara, Ida Bagus Gde, and I. Wayan Suastawa. "Warm Water Pool System Simulation: Design and Manufacture." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 20, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v20i3.2136.
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Human development and national competitivenes is one of the flagship programs from The Indonesian Government. Bali as one of the best tourist destination in the world is required to have an international standard tourism infrastructure. A swimming pool in a tourism accomodation is a standard facility in a tourist infrastructure. There are several types of swimming pools i.e. public swimming pools and private pools. During its development and demand, private pools develop into swimming pools with additional facilities such as warm water, which is often called a jacuzzi. Another additional facility is added pressure to the water in completing massage, fragrance and foam. The swimming pool is one of facilitity designed to hold water to allow swimming or other recreational activities. Pools can be built in the ground or on the ground as a free construction or as a part of structure and also with a common feature or a free style design. In-ground pools are the most common pools made and constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic, or fiberglass. To support comfort and satisfaction when using the swimming pool, the adequate water level in the swimming pool will be maintained by system with several supporting devices such as pumps, dirt filters and maintained at a certain level. Other things that support water quality include temperature, water turbidity, color, odor, pH, chlorine content etc.
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Bruns, Stefan, and Christina Peppler. "Hygienic quality of public natural swimming pools (NSP)." Water Supply 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.076.
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Abstract Natural swimming pools (NSP) have become more popular in the past 20 years, both for private and public use, but their hygienic status remains a matter of discussion. Elimination rates in NSP are well defined for Escherichia coli, enterococci and Pseudomonas but a lack of knowledge exists regarding elimination rates in NSP concerning the parasitic protozoans Giardia and Cryptosporidium. First studies indicate that in-situ zooplankton filtration proved to reduce these protozoans efficiently: the in-situ elimination of Cryptosporidium is dependent on the population of zooplankton. In the 50% percentile the elimination rate is four times faster than in the chlorinated pool. The ex-situ elimination of Cryptosporidium in an NSP is approximately 10% faster than in a chlorinated pool. In ex-situ treatment of NSP the elimination rate reached 2 log-steps versus 1 log-step in chlorinated pools. For the further development of NSP for the best possible hygiene and health status some elementary questions, stated in this paper, will have to be solved in the next years or decades. This work describes the in-situ (water treatment inside the pool) and ex-situ water treatment (water treatment via external water treatment plants) of NSP, and the influence of zooplankton in existing NSP on the elimination rate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
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Lewi, Hannah. "Public swimming pools in Australia." Architectures of the Sun, no. 60 (2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/60.a.f7e4dru2.
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In Australia the image of sporting prowess and easy access to swimming venues — both natural and artificial — has ensured that public swimming pools became a site of modern architectural interest and design experimentation from the 1930s onwards. Ranging from prosaic, local amenities to award-winning significant complexes, public pools are fascinating and potent places of individual and community memories and experiences. Many still exist but many others have been lost or detrimentally altered in the last two decades. As a modern type they deserve further documentation and careful conservation and adaptation to suit contemporary use.
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Lewi, Hannah, and Christine Phillips. "Immersed at the water's edge: modern British and Australian seaside pools as sites of ‘Good living’." Architectural Research Quarterly 17, no. 3-4 (December 2013): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135514000098.
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This article re-examines the swimming pool as a potent building type embodying the salient characteristics of Modernity. Not only did the building of modern public swimming pools celebrate new materials, engineered solutions and technologies but they also reflected rapidly changing attitudes to the body, leisure and fitness in line with Modernist aspirations. Public pools thus created new communal places where relationships between social, natural and built environments could be explored and embraced.In understanding these social and design aspirations to create the Modern ‘good life’, a set of English and Australian waterside open-air swimming pools and lidos of the 1930s – Scarborough (1915–1934), Tinside (1935), the Eastern Beach Reserve Geelong (1939) and the North Sydney pool (1936) – are described and compared in their past and present state. These seaside pools offered places for people to seek refuge within a setting which remains at once natural but also controlled and shaped, while also promoting the psychological and physiological benefits of open-air activities.In re-appraising the fate of the public swimming pool today, the article concludes by highlighting two successful contemporary examples, the Badeschiff in Berlin (2009) and the Copenhagen Harbour Bath (2003). We argue that these new pools have grown out of precedents found in the early twentieth century but have reinvigorated the type by offering new interpretations of designing with nature, and providing facilities more relevant to current leisure and environmental trends. Their success lends support to the need for careful documentation and conservation of earlier surviving exemplars.
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Casanovas-Massana, Arnau, and Anicet R. Blanch. "Characterization of microbial populations associated with natural swimming pools." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 216, no. 2 (March 2013): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.04.002.
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靳, 尤江. "A Comparison of Canoeing Experiences in Natural Waters and Swimming Pools." Advances in Physical Sciences 09, no. 01 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aps.2021.91007.
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Shoults, David C., Qiaozhi Li, Susan Petterson, Sydney P. Rudko, Lena Dlusskaya, Mats Leifels, Candis Scott, Cyndi Schlosser, and Nicholas J. Ashbolt. "Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals." Journal of Water and Health 19, no. 4 (June 8, 2021): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.015.
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Abstract In recent decades, natural swimming pools (NSPs) have gained popularity in Europe, especially in Germany and Austria. NSPs differ from swimming pools in that they utilize biological treatment processes based on wetland processes with no disinfection residual. However, data are missing on the specific log-reduction performance of NSPs to address enteric virus, bacteria, and parasitic protozoa removal considered necessary to meet the North American risk-based benchmark (<35 illnesses per 1,000 swimming events) set by the USEPA for voluntary swimming. In this study, we examined Canada's first NSP at Borden Park, Edmonton, Canada, to address the following three questions: (1) Given normal faecal shedding rates by bathers, what is the total log reduction (TLR) theoretically needed to meet the EPA benchmark? (2) what is the in-situ performance of the NSP based on spiking suitable microbial surrogates (MS2 coliphage, Enterococcus faecalis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Baker's yeast])? and (3) how much time is required to reach acceptable bather risk levels under different representative volume-turnover rates? A reverse-quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) revealed that of the four reference pathogens selected (Norovirus, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia), only Norovirus was estimated to exceed the risk benchmark at the 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles, while Campylobacter was the only other reference pathogen to exceed at the 95th percentile. Log-reduction values (LRVs) were similar to previous reports for bacterial indicators, and novel LRVs were estimated for the other two surrogates. A key finding was that more than 24 h treatment time would be necessary to provide acceptable bather protection following heavy bather use (378 bathers/day for main pool and 26 bathers/day for children's pool), due to the mixing dynamics of the treated water diluting out possible residual pool faecal contamination. The theoretical maximum number of people in the pool per day to be below USEPA's 35 gastro cases in 1,000 swimming events was 113, 47, and 8, at the 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. Further, the use of ultra-violet disinfection to the pool return flow had little effect on reducing the treatment time required.
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Leoni, Erica, Federica Catalani, Sofia Marini, and Laura Dallolio. "Legionellosis Associated with Recreational Waters: A Systematic Review of Cases and Outbreaks in Swimming Pools, Spa Pools, and Similar Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081612.
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Legionella spp. is widespread in many natural and artificial water systems, such as hot water distribution networks, cooling towers, and spas. A particular risk factor has been identified in the use of whirlpools and hot tubs in spa facilities and public baths. However, there has been no systematic synthesis of the published literature reporting legionellosis cases or outbreaks related to swimming/spa pools or similar environments used for recreational purposes (hot springs, hot tubs, whirlpools, natural spas). This study presents the results of a systematic review of the literature on cases and outbreaks associated with these environments. Data were extracted from 47 articles, including 42 events (17 sporadic cases and 25 outbreaks) and 1079 cases, 57.5% of which were diagnosed as Pontiac fever, without any deaths, and 42.5% were of Legionnaires’ disease, with a fatality rate of 6.3%. The results are presented in relation to the distribution of Legionella species involved in the events, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, predisposing conditions in the patients, favourable environmental factors, and quality of the epidemiological investigation, as well as in relation to the different types of recreational water sources involved. Based on the epidemiological and microbiological criteria, the strength of evidence linking a case/outbreak of legionellosis with a recreational water system was classified as strong, probable, and possible; in more than half of the events the resulting association was strong.
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Woolley, Jonathan, Curtis Harrington, and Mark Modera. "Swimming pools as heat sinks for air conditioners: Model design and experimental validation for natural thermal behavior of the pool." Building and Environment 46, no. 1 (January 2011): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.07.014.
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Guardia-Puebla, Yans, Fernando Pérez-Quintero, Suyén Rodríguez-Pérez, Víctor Sánchez-Girón, Edilberto Llanes-Cedeño, Juan Rocha-Hoyos, and Diana Peralta-Zurita. "Effect of hydraulic loading rate and vegetation on phytoremediation with artificial wetlands associated to natural swimming pools." Journal of Water and Land Development 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2019-0004.
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Abstract The treatment of pool water, whether for recreational or sporting purposes, by phytoremediation is widely applied. This work evaluates two artificial vertical flow wetlands, one on a real scale and the other on a laboratory scale, which have been planted with Typha domingensis, for the treatment of pool water in the climatic conditions of the city of Santiago de Cuba. When the hydraulic load applied to the real scale wetland was less than 0.25 m3∙m–2∙d–1, the levels of organic and microbiological contamination in the pool were below the maximum limits allowed by Cuban standards. At a laboratory scale, the presence of vegetation favoured the elimination of nitrogen compounds (nitrates and ammonium) and organic materials (BOD and COD). This behaviour is explained by the presence of processes of assimilation of organic compounds, or by the action of microorganisms associated with the rhizome of plants, which establish a symbiotic mechanism favourable to phytodepuration. The minimum concentration of ammonium obtained in outflow from the laboratory-scale reactor without vegetation reached a value of 2.15 mg∙m–3, which is within the limits allowed by the sanitary regulations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural Swimming Pools"
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Rosatti, Alessandro. "Costructed Wetlands. A biological alternative wastewater treatments and its role in the new circular economy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21481/.
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The climate changes, the natural resources depletion, the population number increase are alarm bells for the future that must push the humanity to turn on more sustainable use of the natural resources, particularly the water. The water management must shift towards solutions acted to protect, safeguard, and sustainably use the available water resources. A new water scheme must be implemented, in which the waste paradigm must be overtaken and substituted with resource-oriented one.
The Thesis aims to present the Constructed Wetland (CW) technology, an attractive green solution for wastewater treatment that nowadays is consolidated as a efficient and valid Natural Based alternative to the conventional systems. The different typologies of CWs are exposed as well as their advantages, disadvantages, and applications. The removal pollutant processes (biological, physical, and chemical processes) occurred within, are deeply analysed and the choice of the suitable vegetation species depending on the wastewater characteristic discussed. Furthermore, I give a brief overview on the European and Italian regulations before explaining in details the design (preliminary and empirical) methods. The treatment goodness and effectiveness are discussed and commented with helping of working applications. Finally, the future role of the CWs systems in circular economy approach is clarified and an overview on the water management scheme modification (from waste paradigm to resource-oriented concept) is provided. The potential applications of CWs within this new scheme are outlined and an in-depth study on recreative applications of CW (Natural Swimming Pools technology) are presented.
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Ericsson, Emma-Helena. "Are organohalogen compounds in backwash water from swimming pool facilities treatable? : An experimental investigation of removal capacities by different filter materials." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284338.
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Organohalogen compounds are formed in swimming pool waters when natural organic matter, such as hair, urine or sweat etc., react with the used disinfectant (usually chlorine). Many of the organohalogen compounds are persistent and hazardous for human health and aquatic ecosystems. Backwash water from swimming pool facilities is often released to the sewer and contain these compounds. The connected wastewater treatment plant receives this water, where some of these compounds escapes the treatment process, into the recipient. It is therefore important to minimize the levels of organohalogen compounds in the influent water to the wastewater treatment plant. In this study, potential treatment techniques for organohalogen compounds at the swimming pool facility have been investigated. The main focus have been on an experimental column test with four filter materials applied (granular activated carbon, natural zeolites, PoloniteR and Zugol). Real backwash water was used. Furthermore, other techniques have been theoretically investigated as well. The activated carbon directly showed the most efficient removal efficiency (above 95 %), but all filter materials had a removal to a certain degree and became more efficient by time. The results further suggest that the more lipophilic organohalogen compounds are bound to particulate matter and highly affected by physical filtration. Another important conclusion is that the specific activated carbon used in the study is not suitable for the purpose, because it released very high levels of phosphorus in the beginning of the column test as well as showing some practical problems. However, other types of activated carbon exists. Next step recommended is to determine the lifetime of the filters.När människor badar i bassänger hamnar vanligtvis naturligt organiskt material i dem, såsom urin, svett, hår och hudflagor. Desinfektionsmedlet som tillsätts (oftast klor) har som syfte att avlägsna mikroorganismer, men när naturligt organiskt material hamnar i vattnet kommer också oavsiktliga reaktioner ske och halogenerade organiska föreningar bildas. Dessa föreningar kan kvantifieras via AOX måttet (adsorberbar organisk halogen), vilket är den samlade förekomsten av alla bundna organiska halogener i ett prov. AOX består således av flera hundra olika föreningar, varav vissa är mer lipofila och benämns EOX (extraherbar organisk halogen). Många av de föreningar inkluderade i AOX är bioackumulativa, persistenta och giftiga för akvatiska organismer, även i låga koncentrationer. Förutom att vara miljöfarliga för akvatiska ekosystem, kan de också vara skadliga för människans hälsa. Filtret som renar badvattnet i simhallar behöver backspolas regelbundet och backspolvattnet, som innehåller AOX, skickas vanligen till spillvattennätet. Vid avloppsreningsverket är det visat i ett tidigare examensarbete samt i andra rapporter att en del av de inkommande AOX ämnena även följer med det utgående, renade, vattnet ut i recipienten. Det är därmed av vikt att minimera ämnena redan vid källan, det vill säga på badanläggningen. I denna masteruppsats har behandlingstekniker för halogenerade organiska föreningar undersökts. Huvudfokus har varit på experimentella kolonntester för fyra filtermaterial (granulerat aktivt kol, naturliga zeoliter, PoloniteR och Zugol), men även andra tekniker har studerats teoretiskt. I testerna användes äkta backspolvatten från en simhall. Alla material reducerade AOX till viss del och visade på effektivare reducering efter hand. Det var dock tydligt att det aktiva kolet var mest effektivt och hade hög reducering redan i första mätningen, AOX-reduceringen låg på över 95 % (jämfört med det obehandlade backspolvattnet). Vad som dock var problematiskt med det aktiva kolet var att det släppte höga halter fosfor i början av kolonntestet, vilket också bekräftades med ett skaktest. Dessutom uppvisade materialet praktiska problem. Ur ett realistiskt perspektiv med dessa problem i åtanke, blir det inte hållbart i längden att använda detta specifika kol. Det finns dock många olika typer av aktivt kol, vilka förmodligen är mer lämpliga och som inte uppvisar dessa problem, och kan användas för detta ändamål. Vidare antyder det erhållna resultatet att de mer lipofila föreningarna av AOX (EOX) är bundet till partikulärt organiskt material och därmed påverkas väsentligt av mekanisk filtrering. Det är dock viktigt med en aktiv bindning. Projektet har påverkats av covid-19 pandemin med lägre antal folk på badhusen samt mindre tillgång till laboratoriet vid KTH. En föreslagen förbättring av metoden är att ha en kontinuerlig omblandning i förvaringskärlet med det obehandlade vattnet innan det tillförs kolonnerna. Vidare nämns det att modifierade zeoliter verkar lovande samt att nästa viktiga steg för projektet är att bestämma livstiden för filtermaterialen.
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Kubinová, Michaela. "Ostravskou krajinou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216084.
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VLKOVÁ, Dana. "Vývoj fyzikálně-chemických a biologických parametrů vody v nově budovaných přírodních koupalištích." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376266.
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The goal of this work was to evaluate of water quality in natural swimming pools in Borovany and Sezimovo Ústí, to compare the differences in the results of water analyses in proper swimming water body and regenerative part, as well as to compare of both these localities. Most of results were gathered during 2016 in Borovany and during 2017 in Sezimovo Usti. Transparency, color of water, temperature, conductivity, concentration of dissolved O2, concentrations of NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, TN, PO4-P, TP, Cl, turbidity, fluorescence, chlorophyll concentration, alkalinity, zooplankton and phytoplankton composition and bacterial contamination were monitored. The results confirmed the possibility to achieve the good water quality even though the problem with phosphorus removing remains. The comparison of both site showed more efficient functioning of regenerative zone in Borovany natural swimming pool.
Books on the topic "Natural Swimming Pools"
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Littlewood, Michael. Natural swimming pools: Inspiration for harmony with nature. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 2005.
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Best designed hotel pools: Indoor & outdoor, contemporary minimalistic, rooftop, natural curves. Ludwigsburg: AVedition, 2004.
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The Most Beautiful Natural Pools De Mooiste Zwemvijvers Les Plus Beaux Bassins De Baignade Die Schnsten Schwimmteiche. Lannoo Publishers, 2012.
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Natural Swimming Pools: A Guide to Designing & Building Your Own. Permanent Publications, 2011.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Natural Swimming Pools"
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Dikici, Birce, Angelos Kaminis, Dakotah Stirnweis, Lauren Stollenwerk, and Qi Jiang. "Viscosity and Natural Evaporation Studies: Aqueous Solutions of Surfactants and Hydrotopes." In ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-63951.
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Abstract Surfactants are known to affect evaporation performance of solutions. They are studied in relation to water loss prevention. In previous studies, evaporation suppressants have been effective in the laboratory and at small scales such as on swimming pools, ponds, and small lakes. Surfactants could be useful under drought conditions in arid areas of the world. Previous researchers conducted tests to estimate the spreading and coverage efficiencies of evaporation suppressants. Effectiveness of the suppressants in reducing evaporation is evaluated. Monolayers are one molecule thick films that form at a phase boundary such as the air-water interface. The optimal methods of spreading and reapplication of monolayers need to be determined. Hydrotopes are organic salt compounds and they improve the ability of water to dissolve other molecules. Hydrotropy is one of the solubility enhancement techniques which enhance solubility with use of hydrotropes. The purpose of the research is to measure the viscosity and natural evaporation of selected aqueous surfactant and hydrotope solutions. The viscosity of the aqueous-surfactant solutions at various concentrations are measured with falling-ball viscometer. The surfactants are shown to increase viscosity when added to distilled water. Some surfactants and hyrotopes reduced natural convection water loss over five days showing an effect on evaporation rates.
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Kuzma-Kichta, Yu A., A. Lavrikov, S. Afonin, and M. Shustov. "Boiling Investigation on a Surface With Artificial and Natural Nucleons Sites." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62212.
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The water and Na2SO4 water solution boiling investigation had been carried in pool on the surfaces with artificial and natural nucleons sites under different pressures using high speed digital camera. The boiling of water was investigated at atmosphere pressure on a surface with a artificial nucleons site, which had a micro scale (cavity’s diameters – 100 and 200 μm and depth – 80 μm), in the Fridrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nu¨rnberg, Germany in the Institute of Fluid Mechanics. The boiling of water and Na2SO4 water solution with concentration 20 g/l was investigated on a surface with natural nucleons sites in the pressure range 0.1 – 1 MPa in the Moscow Power-Engineering Institute (Technical University) on department of Thermal Physics. The “hand” video processing was used for the study’s results in case of the pool boiling on a surface with a artificial nucleon site. The data processing was realized for the study’s results using with a program “Bubble Detector”, which was specially developed for case of the pool boiling on a surface with the natural nucleon sites, and the “hand” processing was carried for video, which showed the reliability of the program “Bubble Detector”. First the distributions and dependences of basic boiling characteristics (frequency, departure diameter) were obtained at water pool boiling on a surface with a artificial cavity in the range of heat flux from 20 to 128 kW/m2 and the time dependence of vapor bubble’s grow. It was obtained, that departure diameters of vapor bubbles do not depend in case of boiling on a surface with a single cavity practically on heat flux. First the distributions and dependences of swimming velocities and equivalent diameters were obtained at water and Na2SO4 water solution with concentration 20 g/l pool boiling on a surface with natural nucleon sites in range of pressures from 0.1 to 1 MPa. The comparison of diameters’ and swimming velocities’ distributions of vapor bubbles was carried for under consideration conditions.
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Lyashenko, A. A., Ya P. Melihov, and I. A. Martin. "SWIMMING AS A TYPE OF PREVENTION OF OSTEOCHONDROSIS." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/33.
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This article discusses in detail the problem of increasing the incidence of osteochondrosis among all age groups of the country's population. The purpose of the analysis is to generalize and systematize knowledge on the issue of disease prevention using moderate physical activity in the pool. The authors conclude that this type of physical activity contributes to many health processes. Special attention is paid to the swimming styles necessary for the prevention of osteochondrosis. The article is of an interdisciplinary nature since its topic is at the intersection of medicine and physical culture.
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Xu, Junxiu, Ming Ding, Changqi Yan, and Guangming Fan. "Experimental Study on Natural Convection Heat Transfer Outside Tube Bundle in Space Under Low Temperature Difference." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16109.
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Abstract The Passive Residual Heat Removal System (PRHRS) is very important for the safety of the heating reactor after shutdown. PRHRS is a natural circulation system driven by density difference, therefore, the heat transfer performance of the Passive Residual Heat Removal Heat Exchanger (PRHR HX) has a great impact to the heat transfer efficiency of PRHRS. However, the most research object of PRHR HX is the C-shape heat exchanger at present, which located in In-containment Refueling Water Storage Tank (IRWST). This heat exchanger is mainly used for the PRHRS of nuclear power plants. In the swimming pool-type low-temperature heating reactor (SPLTHR), the PRHR HX is placed in the reactor pool, which the pressure and temperature of the reactor pool are relatively low, and the outside heat transfer mode of tube bundle is mainly natural convection heat transfer. In this study, a miniaturized single-phase pool water cooling system was built to investigate the natural convective heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger under the large space and low temperature conditions. The experimental data had been compared with several correlations. The results show that the predicted value of Yang correlation is the closest to the experimental data, which the maximum deviation is about 11%.
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Saribudak, Mustafa. "Determination of Main Barton Springs Groundwater Flow Path: 2‐D Resistivity and Natural Potential Surveys at Barton Springs Swimming Pool, Austin, Texas." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2011. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.3614101.
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Strehler, Jennifer, Scott Vandenburgh, Dave Parry, and Tim Rynders. "Colorado Community Benefits From Installing Waste Heat Recovery System." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90479.
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The Town of Avon Colorado and the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District have partnered to design, construct, and operate a mechanical “Community Heat Recovery System” which extracts low-grade waste heat from treated wastewater and delivers this heat for beneficial use. Immediate uses include heating of the community swimming pool, melting snow and ice on high pedestrian areas in an urban redevelopment zone in order to improve pedestrian safety, and space heating for project buildings and an adjacent water plant pump station building. Points of use are located within one mile of the treatment plant. The initial system is sized to extract heat from 170 m3/hr (1.08 mgd) of wastewater plant effluent with a 298 kW (400 hp) heat pump. The heat pump will deliver 1,026 kW (3,500,000 BTU/hr) energy to the heat recovery system. A supplemental natural gas boiler provided to meet peak demands will provide an additional 1,026 kW (3,500,000 BTU/hr) energy. The system is expandable allowing the installation of a second heat pump in the future and roof-mounted solar thermal panels. Power for the waste heat recovery system is provided by wind-generated electricity purchased from the local electric utility. The use of wind power with an electric-powered heat pump enables the agencies to fulfill energy needs while also reducing the carbon footprint. The system will achieve a reduction in the temperature of the treated wastewater, which is currently discharged to the Eagle River during low river flow, fish-sensitive periods. The agencies expect to save tax payers and rate payers money as a result of this project as compared to other alternatives or the status quo because it results in a more sustainable long-term operation. At 2008 utility commodities pricing, delivery of heat generated from this system was estimated to cost about one-third less than that from a conventional natural gas boiler system. This facility is the first of its kind in the U.S. and received a “New Energy Community” grant from the State of Colorado. This project shows how local agencies can work cooperatively for mutual benefit to provide infrastructure which accommodates growth and urban renewal and simultaneously demonstrate strong environmental leadership. The potential application of this technology is broad and global. The installed system is expected to cost about $5,000,000; construction will be completed in 2010.