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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural Swimming Pools'
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Widiantara, Ida Bagus Gde, and I. Wayan Suastawa. "Warm Water Pool System Simulation: Design and Manufacture." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 20, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v20i3.2136.
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Human development and national competitivenes is one of the flagship programs from The Indonesian Government. Bali as one of the best tourist destination in the world is required to have an international standard tourism infrastructure. A swimming pool in a tourism accomodation is a standard facility in a tourist infrastructure. There are several types of swimming pools i.e. public swimming pools and private pools. During its development and demand, private pools develop into swimming pools with additional facilities such as warm water, which is often called a jacuzzi. Another additional facility is added pressure to the water in completing massage, fragrance and foam. The swimming pool is one of facilitity designed to hold water to allow swimming or other recreational activities. Pools can be built in the ground or on the ground as a free construction or as a part of structure and also with a common feature or a free style design. In-ground pools are the most common pools made and constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic, or fiberglass. To support comfort and satisfaction when using the swimming pool, the adequate water level in the swimming pool will be maintained by system with several supporting devices such as pumps, dirt filters and maintained at a certain level. Other things that support water quality include temperature, water turbidity, color, odor, pH, chlorine content etc.
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Bruns, Stefan, and Christina Peppler. "Hygienic quality of public natural swimming pools (NSP)." Water Supply 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.076.
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Abstract Natural swimming pools (NSP) have become more popular in the past 20 years, both for private and public use, but their hygienic status remains a matter of discussion. Elimination rates in NSP are well defined for Escherichia coli, enterococci and Pseudomonas but a lack of knowledge exists regarding elimination rates in NSP concerning the parasitic protozoans Giardia and Cryptosporidium. First studies indicate that in-situ zooplankton filtration proved to reduce these protozoans efficiently: the in-situ elimination of Cryptosporidium is dependent on the population of zooplankton. In the 50% percentile the elimination rate is four times faster than in the chlorinated pool. The ex-situ elimination of Cryptosporidium in an NSP is approximately 10% faster than in a chlorinated pool. In ex-situ treatment of NSP the elimination rate reached 2 log-steps versus 1 log-step in chlorinated pools. For the further development of NSP for the best possible hygiene and health status some elementary questions, stated in this paper, will have to be solved in the next years or decades. This work describes the in-situ (water treatment inside the pool) and ex-situ water treatment (water treatment via external water treatment plants) of NSP, and the influence of zooplankton in existing NSP on the elimination rate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
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Lewi, Hannah. "Public swimming pools in Australia." Architectures of the Sun, no. 60 (2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/60.a.f7e4dru2.
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In Australia the image of sporting prowess and easy access to swimming venues — both natural and artificial — has ensured that public swimming pools became a site of modern architectural interest and design experimentation from the 1930s onwards. Ranging from prosaic, local amenities to award-winning significant complexes, public pools are fascinating and potent places of individual and community memories and experiences. Many still exist but many others have been lost or detrimentally altered in the last two decades. As a modern type they deserve further documentation and careful conservation and adaptation to suit contemporary use.
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Lewi, Hannah, and Christine Phillips. "Immersed at the water's edge: modern British and Australian seaside pools as sites of ‘Good living’." Architectural Research Quarterly 17, no. 3-4 (December 2013): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135514000098.
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This article re-examines the swimming pool as a potent building type embodying the salient characteristics of Modernity. Not only did the building of modern public swimming pools celebrate new materials, engineered solutions and technologies but they also reflected rapidly changing attitudes to the body, leisure and fitness in line with Modernist aspirations. Public pools thus created new communal places where relationships between social, natural and built environments could be explored and embraced.In understanding these social and design aspirations to create the Modern ‘good life’, a set of English and Australian waterside open-air swimming pools and lidos of the 1930s – Scarborough (1915–1934), Tinside (1935), the Eastern Beach Reserve Geelong (1939) and the North Sydney pool (1936) – are described and compared in their past and present state. These seaside pools offered places for people to seek refuge within a setting which remains at once natural but also controlled and shaped, while also promoting the psychological and physiological benefits of open-air activities.In re-appraising the fate of the public swimming pool today, the article concludes by highlighting two successful contemporary examples, the Badeschiff in Berlin (2009) and the Copenhagen Harbour Bath (2003). We argue that these new pools have grown out of precedents found in the early twentieth century but have reinvigorated the type by offering new interpretations of designing with nature, and providing facilities more relevant to current leisure and environmental trends. Their success lends support to the need for careful documentation and conservation of earlier surviving exemplars.
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Casanovas-Massana, Arnau, and Anicet R. Blanch. "Characterization of microbial populations associated with natural swimming pools." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 216, no. 2 (March 2013): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.04.002.
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靳, 尤江. "A Comparison of Canoeing Experiences in Natural Waters and Swimming Pools." Advances in Physical Sciences 09, no. 01 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aps.2021.91007.
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Shoults, David C., Qiaozhi Li, Susan Petterson, Sydney P. Rudko, Lena Dlusskaya, Mats Leifels, Candis Scott, Cyndi Schlosser, and Nicholas J. Ashbolt. "Pathogen performance testing of a natural swimming pool using a cocktail of microbiological surrogates and QMRA-derived management goals." Journal of Water and Health 19, no. 4 (June 8, 2021): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.015.
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Abstract In recent decades, natural swimming pools (NSPs) have gained popularity in Europe, especially in Germany and Austria. NSPs differ from swimming pools in that they utilize biological treatment processes based on wetland processes with no disinfection residual. However, data are missing on the specific log-reduction performance of NSPs to address enteric virus, bacteria, and parasitic protozoa removal considered necessary to meet the North American risk-based benchmark (<35 illnesses per 1,000 swimming events) set by the USEPA for voluntary swimming. In this study, we examined Canada's first NSP at Borden Park, Edmonton, Canada, to address the following three questions: (1) Given normal faecal shedding rates by bathers, what is the total log reduction (TLR) theoretically needed to meet the EPA benchmark? (2) what is the in-situ performance of the NSP based on spiking suitable microbial surrogates (MS2 coliphage, Enterococcus faecalis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Baker's yeast])? and (3) how much time is required to reach acceptable bather risk levels under different representative volume-turnover rates? A reverse-quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) revealed that of the four reference pathogens selected (Norovirus, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia), only Norovirus was estimated to exceed the risk benchmark at the 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles, while Campylobacter was the only other reference pathogen to exceed at the 95th percentile. Log-reduction values (LRVs) were similar to previous reports for bacterial indicators, and novel LRVs were estimated for the other two surrogates. A key finding was that more than 24 h treatment time would be necessary to provide acceptable bather protection following heavy bather use (378 bathers/day for main pool and 26 bathers/day for children's pool), due to the mixing dynamics of the treated water diluting out possible residual pool faecal contamination. The theoretical maximum number of people in the pool per day to be below USEPA's 35 gastro cases in 1,000 swimming events was 113, 47, and 8, at the 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. Further, the use of ultra-violet disinfection to the pool return flow had little effect on reducing the treatment time required.
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Leoni, Erica, Federica Catalani, Sofia Marini, and Laura Dallolio. "Legionellosis Associated with Recreational Waters: A Systematic Review of Cases and Outbreaks in Swimming Pools, Spa Pools, and Similar Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081612.
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Legionella spp. is widespread in many natural and artificial water systems, such as hot water distribution networks, cooling towers, and spas. A particular risk factor has been identified in the use of whirlpools and hot tubs in spa facilities and public baths. However, there has been no systematic synthesis of the published literature reporting legionellosis cases or outbreaks related to swimming/spa pools or similar environments used for recreational purposes (hot springs, hot tubs, whirlpools, natural spas). This study presents the results of a systematic review of the literature on cases and outbreaks associated with these environments. Data were extracted from 47 articles, including 42 events (17 sporadic cases and 25 outbreaks) and 1079 cases, 57.5% of which were diagnosed as Pontiac fever, without any deaths, and 42.5% were of Legionnaires’ disease, with a fatality rate of 6.3%. The results are presented in relation to the distribution of Legionella species involved in the events, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, predisposing conditions in the patients, favourable environmental factors, and quality of the epidemiological investigation, as well as in relation to the different types of recreational water sources involved. Based on the epidemiological and microbiological criteria, the strength of evidence linking a case/outbreak of legionellosis with a recreational water system was classified as strong, probable, and possible; in more than half of the events the resulting association was strong.
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Woolley, Jonathan, Curtis Harrington, and Mark Modera. "Swimming pools as heat sinks for air conditioners: Model design and experimental validation for natural thermal behavior of the pool." Building and Environment 46, no. 1 (January 2011): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.07.014.
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Guardia-Puebla, Yans, Fernando Pérez-Quintero, Suyén Rodríguez-Pérez, Víctor Sánchez-Girón, Edilberto Llanes-Cedeño, Juan Rocha-Hoyos, and Diana Peralta-Zurita. "Effect of hydraulic loading rate and vegetation on phytoremediation with artificial wetlands associated to natural swimming pools." Journal of Water and Land Development 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2019-0004.
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Abstract The treatment of pool water, whether for recreational or sporting purposes, by phytoremediation is widely applied. This work evaluates two artificial vertical flow wetlands, one on a real scale and the other on a laboratory scale, which have been planted with Typha domingensis, for the treatment of pool water in the climatic conditions of the city of Santiago de Cuba. When the hydraulic load applied to the real scale wetland was less than 0.25 m3∙m–2∙d–1, the levels of organic and microbiological contamination in the pool were below the maximum limits allowed by Cuban standards. At a laboratory scale, the presence of vegetation favoured the elimination of nitrogen compounds (nitrates and ammonium) and organic materials (BOD and COD). This behaviour is explained by the presence of processes of assimilation of organic compounds, or by the action of microorganisms associated with the rhizome of plants, which establish a symbiotic mechanism favourable to phytodepuration. The minimum concentration of ammonium obtained in outflow from the laboratory-scale reactor without vegetation reached a value of 2.15 mg∙m–3, which is within the limits allowed by the sanitary regulations.
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Mao, Yuanxiang, Liping Zhang, and Huiyu Dong. "Formation of trihalomethanes in swimming pool waters using sodium dichloroisocyanurate as an alternative disinfectant." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 8 (October 15, 2018): 1633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.439.
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Abstract Disinfection is essential to preventing infection caused by microbial pathogens in swimming pool water. The most commonly used disinfection methods are chlorine disinfectant, including sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SDIC, C3O3N3Cl2Na) with characteristics of available chlorine formation and stability. In this study, we estimate the formation of trihalomethanes (THM4) in indoor swimming pools filled with seawater that adopt these disinfection methods, and we investigated the factors influencing the formation of THM4. Formation of THM4 by free chlorine (FC) and SDIC respectively is 327.8 μg L−1 and 307.6 μg L−1; Br-THMs is 226.7 μg L−1 for FC, 198 μg L−1 for SDIC. SDIC has less THM4 formation than FC in the same molar Br− dosage (10 μM) and total chlorine dosage (20 μM), and bromoform is the main Br-THMs species. The occurrence of THM4 is inhibited at high dosages of natural organic matter and Br−. The total Br-THMs increase from 75 μg L−1 to 189.7 μg L−1 and from 64.6 μg L−1 to 190 μg L−1 by FC and SDIC at pH 5.0–9.0, both of which are highly dependent on pH. In real water, similar results were found in Br−-containing water (1 mg-Br− L−1).
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Surya Perdana, Adhi. "Restrukturisasi Obyek Wisata Alam Dan Agro Sebagai Wujud Pelayanan Sosial Kemasyarakatan Di Desa Genito Kabupaten Magelang." Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara ASIAN (Asosiasi Ilmuwan Administrasi Negara) 7, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47828/jianaasian.v7i02.40.
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Tourism is now seen as a sector popular in the national economy and the world,where one of the motor industry style of contemporary capable of providing social servicescommunity, especially in the village of Genito in providing natural attractions and agro, aswell as the opportunities of economic growth in terms of employment opportunities, income,the standard of living and to enable the local production sector. The purpose of this studywhich is to identify the factors driving and inhibiting natural attractions as well as therestructuring and agro tourism. Problems include the lack of accessibility of land and thedifficulty of the motor vehicle to the location of natural and agro. This is a qualitative study,which describes the study explanation about the state of the field findings and submit thequestionnaire contained structured questions addressed to the public ranging fromcommunity leaders, stakeholders of the village administration, the offender driving tourism,and tourists with the total respondents as many as 30 people, using the method of randomsampling incidental. The study results showed that the natural attractions and tourism in thevillage of Genito there are two attractions that nature tenure is owned by forestry andagricultural land supported rural communities that provide beauty agro tourism.Restructuring of natural attractions such as swimming pools, fish ponds and objects whoseexistence Selfie nestled in the woods with Sukorini name. Restructuring of the naturalattractions in the form of a pool is an innovation village government.
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Štefunková, Andrea, Klára Cverenkárová, Monika Krahulcová, Tomáš Mackuľak, and Lucia Bírošová. "Antibiotic resistant bacteria in surface waters in Slovakia." Acta Chimica Slovaca 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2020-0010.
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AbstractThis work deals with the occurrence of selected antibiotic resistant bacteria in Slovak surface waters. Total and antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria, enterococci and coagulase positive staphylococci were determined in 34 samples of surface water from rivers and still waters (dams, natural lakes, thermal bath) some of them used for recreational swimming. Sampling was performed during summer season 2017 (July and August). The number of total coliforms ranged from 1.74 log CFU/10 mL to 3.69 log CFU/10 mL. Coliform bacteria were registered in each tested sample. The highest number was observed in the sample from river Hron. Majority of samples contained ampicillin and tetracycline resistant bacteria. Enterococci were determined in 70 % of samples ranging from 0.78 log CFU/10 mL to 3.81 log CFU/10 mL. The highest number of enterococci was observed in river Váh. Ampicillin and vancomycin resistance prevailed over ciprofloxacin and gentamicin resistance. Coagulase positive staphylococci were present in 91 % of samples in the range of 0.70—3.03 log CFU/10 mL. Antibiotic resistant coagulase positive staphylococci were observed only in 32 % of samples, predominantly from rivers. In these samples, chloramphenicol resistance predominated. In three samples of water used for recreational purposes, the limit value for enterococci and E. coli according to Slovak legislation (Decree no. 308/2012 Coll.) for the quality of water in natural swimming pools during bathing season was exceeded.
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Alkhalaf, Hamad, Meshal Zuraie, Ryan Nasser Alqahtani, Mashael Alghamdi, Abdulrahman Bin Afif, Faisal Jubran Alqahtani, Talal Jawdat, Suhaib Abusulaiman, Abdulaziz Alshahrani, and Suliman Alghnam. "The epidemiology of drowning among Saudi children: results from a large trauma center." Annals of Saudi Medicine 41, no. 3 (June 2021): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2021.157.
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BACKGROUND: Drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional death among children worldwide. Although natural waters pose a risk of drowning in low-income countries, swimming pools are more prevalent in high-income countries. In Saudi Arabia, injuries and drowning are a significant threat to population health. Local data is limited, which affects an understanding of the extent of the burden and the development of prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE: Determine the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of drowning among children. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Patients admitted to the tertiary care unit of a hospital in Riyadh. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data was collected on children who drowned (age 0-14) between January 2015 and August 2020. Cases were identified from the electronic health record system where the diagnosis was drowning. Differences in characteristics and outcomes between nonfatal cases with no neurological damage and fatal cases with neurological damage were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Drowning mortality and morbidity. SAMPLE SIZE: 99. RESULTS: Of the 99 drowning cases, 22 (22.2%) had a fatal outcome or resulted in neurological damage. The most-reported drowning site was private pools (82%). The majority of cases involved children younger than the age of two (54%). Eighty-four cases (84.8%) occurred on holidays. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 61 (61.6%) of cases. A significant association was found between the delay in initiating resuscitation and an unfavorable outcome ( P <.01). A high Glasgow Coma Scale score upon admission was a predictor of normal recovery ( P <.01). CONCLUSION: These findings warrant investment to increase public awareness of the risks of leaving children unsupervised in swimming pools. In addition, there is a need to ensure early resuscitation of drowning victims by promoting life support courses in order to facilitate positive outcomes. LIMITATIONS: The study was conducted in one tertiary center located in a non-coastal city so the results may not be generalizable. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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Kaczmarek, Wojciech, Jarosław Panasiuk, Szymon Borys, Aneta Pobudkowska, and Mikołaj Majsterek. "Analysis of the Kinetics of Swimming Pool Water Reaction in Analytical Device Reproducing Its Circulation on a Small Scale." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174820.
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The most common cause of diseases in swimming pools is the lack of sanitary control of water quality; water may contain microbiological and chemical contaminants. Among the people most at risk of infection are children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people. The origin of the problem is a need to develop a system that can predict the formation of chlorine water disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). THMs are volatile organic compounds from the group of alkyl halides, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and bioaccumulating. Long-term exposure, even to low concentrations of THM in water and air, may result in damage to the liver, kidneys, thyroid gland, or nervous system. This article focuses on analysis of the kinetics of swimming pool water reaction in analytical device reproducing its circulation on a small scale. The designed and constructed analytical device is based on the SIMATIC S7-1200 PLC driver of SIEMENS Company. The HMI KPT panel of SIEMENS Company enables monitoring the process and control individual elements of device. Value of the reaction rate constant of free chlorine decomposition gives us qualitative information about water quality, it is also strictly connected to the kinetics of the reaction. Based on the experiment results, the value of reaction rate constant was determined as a linear change of the natural logarithm of free chlorine concentration over time. The experimental value of activation energy based on the directional coefficient is equal to 76.0 [kJ×mol−1]. These results indicate that changing water temperature does not cause any changes in the reaction rate, while it still affects the value of the reaction rate constant. Using the analytical device, it is possible to constantly monitor the values of reaction rate constant and activation energy, which can be used to develop a new way to assess pool water quality.
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Barss, Peter, Hind Djerrari, Bernard E. Leduc, Yves Lepage, and Clermont E. Dionne. "Risk factors and prevention for spinal cord injury from diving in swimming pools and natural sites in Quebec, Canada: A 44-year study." Accident Analysis & Prevention 40, no. 2 (March 2008): 787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.017.
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Yachnyk, Maksym, Olena Zendyk, Iurii Iachniuk, and Iryna Iachniuk. "Carrying out specialties of aqua aerobics lessons and its varieties." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 1(129) (January 27, 2021): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.1(129).28.
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The modern problems solution, impairment population’s health, through involvement of its wide miles in active leisure and improvement is closely connected both with development of improving recreation. This is due to the expansion of the content of health and recreational activities, rethinking the role of its individual types and areas of health fitness programs.
The article considers the increasing role of aquatic types of physical culture and sports and the role of aqua aerobics, as one of the types of recreational and health technologies, and their impact on the female body. Aqua aerobics it is a complex of physical exercises in water with elements of swimming, gymnastics, stretching and strength exercises. Aqua aerobics has a healing effect on the whole body. It promotes good posture, removes tension in osteochondrosis, has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, normalizes blood pressure, strengthens the skeleton total muscles, increases the body's defenses, removes stress, nervous excitability, improves psycho-emotional state, burns calories well which leads to weight loss. Aqua aerobics improves strength, endurance, flexibility and agility, as well as improve the functional state of the body. Water training gives a feeling of lightness and muscle relaxation. Water is a wonderful natural masseur. Exercises in water improve the condition of the skin and blood circulation. It is recommended to do different types of aqua fitness in swimming pools under the guidance of a trainer-instructor. Only in this case, exercise will be most beneficial to health.
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Griggs, Peter. "‘Taking the Waters’: Mineral Springs, Artesian Bores and Health Tourism in Queensland, 1870–1950." Queensland Review 20, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2013.18.
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In late 1907, Charles Fraser, the Victorian government entomologist, travelled to North Queensland. His observations of the flora and fauna in this part of Australia were later published in the Victorian Naturalist. However, this journey was not motivated entirely by his desire to study natural history. As a sufferer of ‘rhematic [sic] troubles’, he spent a few days soaking in the mineral-impregnated waters at Innot Hot Springs, a small inland village approximately 150 kilometres south-east of Cairns. First established in the late 1880s, the tiny settlement is still visited during the winter months by many ‘grey nomads’ en route to Karumba, where the fishing is promoted as being excellent. They break their journey at Innot Hot Springs to soak in the indoor or outdoor swimming pools filled with mineralised water of varying temperatures sourced from the nearby Nettle Creek. Some view it simply as a place to relax after the long journey from southern Australia, having perhaps already tried the artesian bore water baths at Moree and Mitchell en route. Others may consider the mineral waters to have healing qualities; like Charles Fraser, they are literally ‘taking the waters’.
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Armitage, Judith P., and Richard M. Berry. "Assembly and Dynamics of the Bacterial Flagellum." Annual Review of Microbiology 74, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090816-093411.
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The bacterial flagellar motor is the most complex structure in the bacterial cell, driving the ion-driven rotation of the helical flagellum. The ordered expression of the regulon and the assembly of the series of interacting protein rings, spanning the inner and outer membranes to form the ∼45–50-nm protein complex, have made investigation of the structure and mechanism a major challenge since its recognition as a rotating nanomachine about 40 years ago. Painstaking molecular genetics, biochemistry, and electron microscopy revealed a tiny electric motor spinning in the bacterial membrane. Over the last decade, new single-molecule and in vivo biophysical methods have allowed investigation of the stability of this and other large protein complexes, working in their natural environment inside live cells. This has revealed that in the bacterial flagellar motor, protein molecules in both the rotor and stator exchange with freely circulating pools of spares on a timescale of minutes, even while motors are continuously rotating. This constant exchange has allowed the evolution of modified components allowing bacteria to keep swimming as the viscosity or the ion composition of the outside environment changes.
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Altayeva, F. A. "Growing commodity tilapia in various experimental conditions." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2010-03.
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The article presents the results of growing tilapia to marketable weight in experimental sites (Chilikskoye pond pond farms LLP, KATU named after S. Seifullin JSC and Kapshagai spawning farm — 1973 LLP). In the process of carrying out research works, the methods generally accepted in fish farming, hydrochemistry, hydrobiology, hydrology, ichthyology, as well as foreign normative and technical guidelines and methodological instructions on the technology of growing commercial tilapia in industrial conditions were used. Monitoring of hydrochemical analyses of water in ponds, swimming pools, and closed water supply installations is given. Fish-breeding and biological indicators of tilapia grown in various experimental conditions are presented. The results of the studies have shown the real possibility of growing tilapia in various conditions of fish farms in Kazakhstan. Based on the results of the work, the following conclusions were made: — satisfactory fish-breeding indicators were obtained with various cultivation technologies (as when growing tilapia in polyculture and monoculture in ponds, in pools, as well as cultivation in the recirculation system); — the cultivation of tilapia in the experimental ponds of the fish farm of the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan has shown the possibility of obtaining high fish-breeding biological indicators of tilapia and the ability to grow to marketable mass in a short time; — as a result of experimental cultivation in various conditions, it was found that the survival rate was not lower than 97%; — as a result of the analysis of the profitability indices of the developed technologies, it was found that the most profitable was the technology of growing marketable tilapia products in monoculture ponds on water with a natural thermal regime in Chilik Pond Economy LLP.
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Sánchez-Martín, José-Manuel, Marcelino Sánchez-Rivero, and Juan-Ignacio Rengifo-Gallego. "Water as a Tourist Resource in Extremadura: Assessment of Its Attraction Capacity and Approximation to the Tourist Profile." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041659.
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In inland areas water is an important resource for attracting tourists as is the case in Extremadura. For this reason this research aims to determine its attraction capacity for travelers from other parts of Spain. In 2017, 13,848 surveys were carried out in the tourist offices of the region, from which 3403 were selected from those practicing tourism related to water. This has allowed us to find out the type of tourist who visits the area and his/her origin. By means of a geographical information system, a network analysis was applied to determine the attraction capacity of certain infrastructures. This result confirms that the most frequently visited areas coincide with the presence of natural swimming pools, although reservoirs do not act as centers of attraction for tourists although they do for visitors. At the same time, it was found that tourists practicing activities related to water resources come from neighboring areas but their attraction capacity extends to distant areas which coincide with areas that were the destination for regional emigration. Moreover, we advocate the need for establishing tourist policies involving greater tourist exploitation of reservoirs and the deseasonalization of tourism in the northern area, where most areas prepared for bathing are to be found.
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Mioduszewski, Waldemar. "Small water reservoirs – their function and construction / Małe zbiorniki wodne – ich funkcje i konstrukcje." Journal of Water and Land Development 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-012-0032-x.
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Abstract Small water reservoirs play important role in rural areas. They used to be very popular, but most of them have been devastated in the last century. It is worth to restore them and to construct new ones. Very small reservoirs (ponds) can be constructed in economical and cost efficient way by individual farmers. In regard to damming below 1.0 m and to reservoirs situated outside protected areas, the permission for construction and the environmental impact assessment is not required. However, one should always keep in mind that even the smallest construction is the work of engineering and should be performed in accordance with the current standards. The increase of available water resources and improvement of water quality demand various measures including those aimed at reducing and limiting water runoff and pollutants transport from the river basins. One of the methods to improve the structure of water balance and the amount of water in rivers is the construction of a large number of small reservoirs, wetland reconstruction etc. Such reservoirs may be divided to: recreational, floristic and faunistic conservation sites, swimming pools, water quality protection (constructed wetlands) and infiltration reservoirs. Reservoirs can have many functions of the economic and natural character. If they are designed and constructed properly they can be a valuable element of the natural landscape in rural areas. Basic data for designing of small reservoirs serving mainly recreational (decorative) purposes and those used for water treatment and ground water recharge are given in the paper
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Wojtas-Harań, Anna. "Pensions and hotels at the tourist and sports trails of the Giant Mountains." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 15, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1380.
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A characteristic feature of the first guesthouses and hotels in the towns located in the Giant Mountains was their location in close connection with nature. Usually, the developments from the turn of the 20th century freely blended in with a green space amongst immeasurable mountain landscape or a romantic park layout as well as sports and recreation areas.
Sports venues such as toboggan runs, bobsleigh runs, ski jumping hills, ski lifts, ski runs, tennis courts, swimming pools and ice rinks were situated in a way giving the impression of a compositional and functional whole with villas and guesthouses. They were placed within larger green spaces with a wide view of the Giant Mountains range from one side or the Jizera Mountains on the other, in direct contact with forest nature and fresh air. The tourist and residential developments were supposed to be an elegant background for sporting events with the mutual use of all natural values of the landscape.
Over time, a change in the needs and expectations of tourists and athletes resulted in the fact that some sports areas lost their original purpose or were re-developed. In this situation, guesthouses and hotels lost their attractive neighbourhood. Apart from many other reasons, the harmony between developed areas and open, green areas was disturbed.
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Juizo, Claudio Gumane Francisco, Marcio Pereira Da Rocha, Ana Clara Moreira Morais, Carolina Nogueira Xavier, Mônica Bezerra De Oliveira, and José Reinaldo Moreira Da Silva. "THERMAL MODIFICATION OF EUCALYPTUS WOOD AND USE FOR FLOORS OF LOW TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENTS." FLORESTA 51, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i2.69860.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of thermal modification on surface hardness and depressions by applying loads to obtain floors for low traffic environments. Four clones were used from which logs were obtained and split into boards dried in time, and grouped for testing in their natural condition (NT) and thermally modified at 200 degrees Celsius for four hours (T) in a schedule with a heating of 1 degree per minute, on electric oven. Then in the samples from each clone were evaluated the mass loss, specific gravity, lignin and holocelluloses content, Janka hardness, fall ball impact depressions, distributed load depressions, and concentrated load depressions using track equipment which transfer a load of 890N to the woods at a speed of 0.06 ms-1. In the results verified high mass loss in the E. grandis x E. urophylla clone from controlled polination. The lignin contents showed increases and holocelluloses contents showed significant decreases after thermal modification. There was a reduction in Janka hardness in the woods with the exception of E. urophylla clone which presented lower depressions in the fall ball test after thermal modification. Verified increasing in depressions in the concentrated and distributed load tests, after thermal modification. And the E. urophylla clone presented lower depressions after 25 and 50 passes respectively, being the most recommended for obtaining floors for saunas, garden decks, swimming pools as it does not require high loading requirements.
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Miecznik, Maciej, Anna Sowiżdżał, Barbara Tomaszewska, and Leszek Pająk. "Modelling geothermal conditions in part of the Szczecin Trough – the Chociwel area." Geologos 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/logos-2015-0013.
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Abstract The Chociwel region is part of the Szczecin Trough and constitutes the northeastern segment of the extended Szczecin-Gorzów Synclinorium. Lower Jurassic reservoirs of high permeability of up to 1145 mD can discharge geothermal waters with a rate exceeding 250 m3/h and temperatures reach over 90°C in the lowermost part of the reservoirs. These conditions provide an opportunity to generate electricity from heat accumulated in geothermal waters using binary ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) systems. A numerical model of the natural state and exploitation conditions was created for the Chociwel area with the use of TOUGH2 geothermal simulator (i.e., integral finite-difference method). An analysis of geological and hydrogeothermal data indicates that the best conditions are found to the southeast of the town of Chociwel, where the bottom part of the reservoir reaches 3 km below ground. This would require drilling two new wells, namely one production and one injection. Simulated production with a flow rate of 275 m3/h, a temperature of 89°C at the wellhead, 30°C injection temperature and wells being 1.2 km separated from each other leads to a small temperature drop and moderate requirements for pumping power over a 50 years’ time span. The ORC binary system can produce at maximum 592.5 kW gross power with the R227ea found as the most suitable working fluid. Geothermal brine leaving the ORC system with a temperature c. 53°C can be used for other purposes, namely mushroom growing, balneology, swimming pools, soil warming, de-icing, fish farming and for heat pumps.
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Sánchez-Martín, Blas-Morato, and Rengifo-Gallego. "The Dehesas of Extremadura, Spain: A Potential for Socio-economic Development Based on Agritourism Activities." Forests 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080620.
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Dehesas form an agroforestry system which is highly developed in Extremadura as they occupy over 1,000,000 hectares. This is an extensive production system based on exploitation by stockbreeding with certain complements of agricultural and extractive products. It is however underexploited for activities other than agrolivestock production. As a result this research starts from the hypothesis that greater socio-economic development is possible in areas near this type of ecosystem if we consider that it is extremely attractive to tourism, at least in some of its forms. Complementing agrolivestock exploitation with tourist exploitation means that it is necessary to be familiar with the situation of the current availability of accommodation. In order to do so we analyse the main parameters characterising rural accommodation in Extremadura, Spain, the results of which reflect low occupancy for a large part of the year and consequently seasonal variation is high. This fact contrasts with the huge potential of dehesas for agritourism. In order to carry out this study we resort to the use of spatial statistics, in particular the grouping analysis. In its configuration we consider the location of the rural accommodation and its proximity to areas of dehesas made up of holm oaks (Quercus ilex) and cork oaks (Quecus suber) together with protected natural spaces, basing ourselves also on proximity to livestock trails and natural swimming pools. The results lead to the creation of 5 homogeneous groups of which 3 correspond to accommodation establishments capable of setting up agritourism and agriecotourism initiatives; this affects 45% of the establishments. However, no current initiatives of this type exist despite the fact that the National Reference Centre for Agritourism is located in Extremadura. From this can be inferred the need for implementing tourist policies to encourage the generating of tourist products specifically intended to exploit the potential of the dehesa as a complement to the current availability of rural accommodation.
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Peden, Amy E., Alison J. Mahony, Paul D. Barnsley, and Justin Scarr. "Understanding the full burden of drowning: a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of fatal and non-fatal drowning in Australia." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e024868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024868.
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ObjectivesThe epidemiology of fatal drowning is increasingly understood. By contrast, there is relatively little population-level research on non-fatal drowning. This study compares data on fatal and non-fatal drowning in Australia, identifying differences in outcomes to guide identification of the best practice in minimising the lethality of exposure to drowning.DesignA subset of data on fatal unintentional drowning from the Royal Life Saving National Fatal Drowning Database was compared on a like-for-like basis to data on hospital separations sourced from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare’s National Hospital Morbidity Database for the 13-year period 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2015. A restrictive definition was applied to the fatal drowning data to estimate the effect of the more narrow inclusion criteria for the non-fatal data (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes W65-74 and first reported cause only). Incidence and ratios of fatal to non-fatal drowning with univariate and Χ2 analysis are reported and used to calculate case-fatality rates.SettingAustralia, 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2015.ParticipantsUnintentional fatal drowning cases and cases of non-fatal drowning resulting in hospital separation.Results2272 fatalities and 6158 hospital separations occurred during the study period, a ratio of 1:2.71. Children 0–4 years (1:7.63) and swimming pools (1:4.35) recorded high fatal to non-fatal ratios, whereas drownings among people aged 65–74 years (1:0.92), 75+ years (1:0.87) and incidents in natural waterways (1:0.94) were more likely to be fatal.ConclusionsThis study highlights the extent of the drowning burden when non-fatal incidents are considered, although coding limitations remain. Documenting the full burden of drowning is vital to ensuring that the issue is fully understood and its prevention adequately resourced. Further research examining the severity of non-fatal drowning cases requiring hospitalisation and tracking outcomes of those discharged will provide a more complete picture.
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Perbawa, Laodikia Galih Krisna, Muhammad Hasbi, and Bebas Widada. "Rekomendasi Tempat Wisata Di Kabupaten Grobogan." Jurnal Ilmiah SINUS 19, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30646/sinus.v19i2.560.
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Geografis Information System (SIG) is a computer system used to manipulate geographic data. The system is implemented with computer hardware and software that serves to init and verify data, data compilation, data storage, data changes and updates, data management and exchange, data manipulation, data calling and presentation and data analysis.In Grobogan Regency itself there are still many tourist locations that are not known to the public, especially tourists outside the area. The number of tourist attractions in Grobogan Regency itself is approximately 21 places, both natural tourism such as Waterfalls, Sendang, Goa.Religious tourism such as Tombs or artificial tourism such as swimming pools and reservoirs.Because of the time and information, people find it difficult to know the point of location and also information from the tours located in Grobogan Regency. In this Thesis Study use the Haversine Formula Method. With analysis, system design, coding/construction, testing, and implementation. At the analysis stage, the collection of data is observation and literature studies. While the data source obtained in the form of primary data and secondary data. At the design stage of the system using Unified Modelling Language (UML) include use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, and class diagrams. At the construction stage use google maps API, PHP and MySQL programming languages. And at the testing stage using the Blackbox technique. While the implementation of this system can be used on desktop devices. By using the search for the nearest route and can recommend it from a radius of 20 km.The expected result of this study is that the app can recommend tourist attractions based on distance and also include tourist information located in Grobogan, so that tourists can easily access the tourist attractions they want to go to.
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Rismayanti, Putu Rinda, Luh Masdarini, and Ni Made Suriani. "Identifikasi Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Objek Wisata di Desa Sambangan, Kecamatan Sukasada, Kabupaten Buleleng." Jurnal BOSAPARIS: Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga 11, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jjpkk.v11i2.27397.
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Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan potensi wisata dan partisipasi masyarakat Desa Sambangan dalam pengembangan objek wisata, baik objek wisata alam maupun buatan. Partisipasi tersebut meliputi partisipasi dalam hal perencanaan pengembangan objek wisata, partisipasi dalam hal pelaksanaan pengembangan objek wisata dan partisipasi dalam hal pengawasan pengembangan objek wisata. Teknik pemilihan informan dengan menggunakan snowball sampling dengan mengelompokan masyarakat dalam 3 kategori menurut teori Pitirim A. Sorokin, yaitu upper class, middle class dan lower class. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan metode (1) observasi (2) wawancara dan (3) dokumentasi. Sedangkan instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu (1) lembar observasi dan (2) pedoman wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa di Desa Sambangan terdapat berbagai potensi wisata yang apabila dikembangkan dapat menjadi objek wisata andalan. Potensi alam berupa air terjun dan hutan desa, potensi wisata buatan berupa palowan hidroponik dan kolam renang serta partisipasi masyarakat dalam hal perencanaan pengembangan objek wisata termasuk dalam kategori interaktif, dalam hal pelaksanaan pengembangan objek wisata termasuk dalam kategori manipulatif dan dalam hal pengawasan pengembangan objek wisata termasuk dalam partisipasi inisiatif. Kata kunci: Identifikasi, partisipasi masyarakat, objek wisata, Desa Sambangan. AbstractThis study aimed to describe the tourism potential and the participation of Sambangan Village community in the development of tourism objects, both natural and artificial tourism objects. The participation included the participation in planning the development of the tourism objects, participation in implementing the development of the tourism objects, and participation in controlling the development of the tourism objects. In selecting the informants, the technique used in this study was snowball sampling by grouping the people in 3 categories based on Pitrim A. Sorokin’s theory, such as upper class, middle class, and lower class. The methods used in collecting the data were (1) Observation, (2) Interviews, and (3) Documentation. Meanwhile, the instruments used were (1) Observation sheets, and (2) Interview Guidelines. The data analysis used descriptive qualitative techniques. The results of this study showed that in Sambangan Village, there are variety of tourism potentials, in which if those tourism objects were developed, they could be mainstay tourist attractions. The potential of the natural tourism objects, such as waterfalls and village forests, meanwhile the artificial tourism objects, such as hydroponic palaces and swimming pools as well as the community participation in planning the development of the tourism objects was categorized in interactive category, in terms of implementing tourism development was categorized in manipulative category and in terms of controlling the development of the tourism objects was categorized in initiative category.Keywords: identification, community participation, tourism objects, Sambangan Village
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Graf, W., and R. Baker. "The vestibuloocular reflex of the adult flatfish. I. Oculomotor organization." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 887–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.4.887.
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The flatfish species constitute a natural paradigm for investigating adaptive changes in the vertebrate central nervous system. During metamorphosis all species of flatfish experience a 90 degree change in orientation between their vestibular and extraocular coordinate axes. As a result, the optic axes of both eyes maintain their orientation with respect to earth horizontal, but the horizontal semicircular canals become oriented vertically. Since the flatfish propels its body with the same swimming movements when referenced to the body as a normal fish, the horizontal canals are exposed to identical accelerations, but in the flatfish these accelerations occur in a vertical plane. The appropriate compensatory eye movements are simultaneous rotations of both eyes forward or backward (i.e., parallel), in contrast to the symmetric eye movements in upright fish (i.e., one eye moves forward, the other backward). Therefore, changes in the extraocular muscle arrangement and/or the neuronal connectivity are required. This study describes the peripheral and central oculomotor organization in the adult winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. At the level of the peripheral oculomotor apparatus, the sizes of the horizontal extraocular muscles (lateral and medial rectus) were considerably smaller than those of the vertical eye muscles, as quantified by fiber counts and area measurements of cross sections of individual muscles. However, the spatial orientations and the kinematic characteristics of all six extraocular muscles were not different from those described in comparable lateral-eyed animals. There were no detectable asymmetries between the left and the right eye. Central oculomotor organization was investigated by extracellular horseradish peroxidase injections into individual eye muscles. Commonly described distributions of extraocular motor neurons in the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei were found. These motor neuron pools consisted of two contralateral (superior rectus and superior oblique) and four ipsilateral populations (inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus). The labeled cells formed distinct motor neuron populations, which overlapped little. As expected, the numbers of labeled motoneurons differed in horizontal and vertical eye movers. The numerical difference was especially prominent in comparing the abducens nucleus with one of the vertical recti subdivisions. Nevertheless, there was bilateral symmetry between the motoneurons projecting to the left and right eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Juniastra, I. Made. "Re-Design Homestay Lokal Selaras Dengan Industri Pariwisata." Jurnal Ilmiah Vastuwidya 2, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jiv.v2i2.88.
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For a house that is in a tourism location, the house not only functions as a residence, but also has a high economic value, which can be rented and combined with other businesses so as to maximize profits. Nevertheless, the customs and traditions of Balinese Culture and local wisdom must still be preserved. Sanur Village is one of the tourist destinations in Bali which is very well known to foreign countries with its traditions and natural beauty. Sanur is a tourist area where most of the local people become tourism operators. The houses where people live are traditional and religious places of activity, as well as being a place of business in tourism or supporting tourism facilities. For example, it is used for homestays including supporting facilities, such as restaurants, spas, loundries, bicycles or motorbike rental, and also cooperation as promotion agents for other tourist attractions. For this reason, a planned arrangement is needed in the form of a master plan from the area of the resident's house so that it remains private to be occupied with the family, that is, as a place to live as well as a place to perform traditional ceremonies /events, and also to have privacy for guests who stay overnight. Sanur Homestay is one of the many homestays in Sanur that is owned and managed by the local community. With a fairly large area of land like most house land in the village, the arrangement of the building is still not optimal, where the owner's activity and circulation still mingle with the guests' activities and circulation. Likewise for the standard of accommodation facilities it still needs to be added to maximize services. Planning is done by collecting site and existing buildings data, then grouping which buildings are permanent and which ones are suitable for renovation. Then designed new facilities in the form of buildings for homestays, restaurants, spas, front offices, service areas, and site management in the form of swimming pools and open spaces. The design is carried out with the concept of applying the principles of Traditional Balinese Architecture, namely the application of the Nawa Sanga concept on site zoning and the application of the Tri Angga concept to the appearance figure of the building, which is combined with Modern Tropical Architecture.
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Pratt Anzaldua, Sharon. "Hotspot of tadpole abnormality in suburban south-west Florida." Herpetological Journal, Volume 29, Number 2 (April 1, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hj29.2.115124.
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A high concentration of Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles displaying morphological abnormalities was discovered in an untreated swimming pool in Bonita Springs, Florida. This find initiated a 4-year survey (2012-2015) of surrounding roadside drainage ditches that had been treated with insecticide for mosquito control. The study was extended to the populations of Ave Maria, Florida, and Everglades National Park. The core data set of 36,550 tadpoles from the swimming pool and ditches contained 25,136 abnormal tadpoles, an abnormality average of 68.8 %, well above the 5 % minimum definition for a hotspot. The frogs from Ave Maria and the Everglades National park were 0 % abnormal. The type of tadpole abnormality differed between the suburban treated roadside drainage ditches versus the untreated swimming pool, although the same abnormalities were found in both the suburban treated and untreated water. In the untreated swimming pool, 70.1 % of tadpoles displayed abnormalities such as bent tails, abnormal limbs, and disfigured or absent mouthparts. Larvae in the untreated swimming pool metamorphosed en masse despite abnormalities. The high frequency of abnormal metamorph abnormalities found were: kyphosis, scoliosis, microcephaly, and forelimb abnormalities. In the treated roadside drainage ditches, Gosner stage 16-25 tadpoles could not undergo metamorphosis and experienced mass mortality. The abnormalities found at Gosner stage 16 of the embryo were in the head and body. Tadpoles at Gosner stages 19-25 failed to develop gills, were bloated, had growth retardation, and mouthpart abnormalities. The older Gosner stage 25-41 tadpole populations in the ditches showed bloating, lumps, emaciation, and growth retardation. A brief synopsis of O. septentrionalis treefrog biology is also given, including breeding congregations, average 8 hour time to hatching, and 19 days metamorphosis.
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UDA, Takaaki, Yukiyoshi HOSHIGAMI, Kou FURUIKE, and Hiroki OZAWA. "SAND DEPOSITION IN NATURAL SWIMMING POOL BEHIND TAKASU PORT BREAKWATER IN WABU AREA IN FUKUI PREFECTURE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) 70, no. 2 (2014): I_696—I_701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.70.i_696.
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Kirici, M., V. S. Nedzvetsky, C. A. Agca, and V. Y. Gasso. "Sublethal doses of copper sulphate initiate deregulation of glial cytoskeleton, NF-kB and PARP expression in Capoeta umbla brain tissue." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021916.
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Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4∙5H2O) is widely used as a pesticide not only in agricultural but in aquaculture farming as well. Copper sulphate is a cheap chemical and able to contaminate the environment, especially water sources, which is crucial for fish harvesting and farming. The copper contamination in some areas is caused over decades because this pesticide has long been used everywhere. Copper ions inhibit invasive aquatic plants and many microorganisms but contaminate soil and natural water resources. The family of copper-containing chemicals is frequently used as algaecides in swimming pools. Despite the high toxicity of copper ions for fish in freshwater ponds, copper sulphate remains one of the prevalent pesticides in fish farming everywhere. High cytotoxicity and accumulation of the copper ions in sediments require study and calculation of the optimal dosage for its use as an antiseptic agent which will not have a detrimental effect on various tissue types of aquatic organisms. The main recognized mechanism which accompanies the toxic effect of copper ions is the generation of oxidative stress. Neural tissue cells are extremely susceptible to oxidative damage and the functions of the CNS are critical to the vitality of organisms. Glial cells maintain the structure and many vital functions of neurons. The cytoskeleton glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), transcriptional nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are critical participants in a cellular response to a toxic agent impact. As this takes place, it could be applied in biomarking of heavy metal toxicity. In the presented study, we investigated the effects of copper ions on PARP, NF-kB, and GFAP expression in the Tigris scraper Capoeta umbla brain tissue. For 96 hours the fish were exposed to copper sulphate at sublethal concentrations, namely 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 of the LD50 value. Western blot analysis of GFAP and PARP was used to assess further effects in the brain tissue. Every studied dose of copper significantly downregulated the expression of GFAP after 72 hours of treatment. In spite of the common increment in the GFAP content, 48 hours exposure to copper initiated the upregulation of that cytoskeleton marker. Moreover, treatment with copper sulphate induced several changes in the β-actin level, especially in the fish group treated for 72 hours. The observed effect of copper in the fish brain evidences the unspecific toxic effect of the copper ions in the brain tissue cells. The obtained results demonstrated meaningful disturbance in the expression of transcriptional factor NF-kB in the brain of the fish group exposed to copper. The changes found in the fish brain indicate the dose-dependent effect in a concentration range 185–740 µg/L of copper sulphate during 72 hours. However, the exposure to low dose of copper ions showed no effect in the fish group treated for 24 hours. Comparative analyses of the PARP content in the brain of fish exposed to copper for 72 hours was significantly less than in the groups treated with copper for both 24 and 48 hours. Thus, the copper ions in the dose range 185–740 µg/L can suppress PARP expression in a time-dependent manner. The results showed that copper ions could induce astroglial response accompanied by modulations of NF-kB and PARP-1 expression. The data obtained in this study suggest that copper sulphate has a significant effect on astrogliosis and DNA damage in the fish brain.
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Wyczarska-Kokot, Joanna, and Anna Lempart. "The Influence of the Filtration Bed type in the Pool Water Treatment System on Washings Quality." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0039.
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Abstract This paper presents the influence of the type of filtration beds, used in swimming pool water treatment systems, on the quality and the possibility of reuse of washings. The research covered 4 pool cycles with sand, sand and anthracite, glass and diatomaceous beds. The degree of contamination of washings was assessed on the basis of physical, chemical and bacteriological tests. The possibility of washings drainage into the natural environment was considered, and the results of the research were compared with the permissible values of pollution indicators for wastewater discharged to water or ground. A direct management of washings from the analysed filters proved impossible mainly due to the high content of TSS (total suspended solids) and free chlorine. Washings were subjected to sedimentation and then the supernatant was stirred intensively. As a result of these processes, the quality of washings was significantly improved. This allowed planning to supplement the pool water installations with systems for washings management.
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Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka, Agnieszka Bus, and Anna Baryła. "Influence of operation time, hydraulic load and drying on phosphate retention capacity of mineral filters treating natural swimming pool water." Ecological Engineering 130 (May 2019): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.02.018.
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Tufatulin, G. Sh, I. V. Koroleva, Yu K. Yanov, S. A. Artyushkin, and A. E. Chernyakhovskii. "Hydrovibrotactile stimulation in rehabilitation of deaf children." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 5 (2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2020-5-83-91.
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Goals of the study were investigation the perception of vibro-acoustic signals, spreading in water, by deaf patients and the possibility of use hydrovibrotactile stimulation for habilitation of deaf children. In the first part of study 5 experienced cochlear implants (CI) users were involved – 2 adults and 3 children with congenital deafness. Participants were presented modulated tones (100-4000 Hz) and natural sounds (horn, pipe, march melody) though underwater loudspeakers in small swimming pool. Each participant was sitting in the swimming pool without CI during the stimulation. It was shown that deaf subjects are able to detect vibro-acoustic signals, spreading in water, which they feel as a vibrotactile sense. The most vibrotactile sensitivity was between 100 and 400 Hz, while stimuli between 1000 Hz and 4000 Hz didn’t evoke any sensation. In the second part of the study 30 early aged children with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss without hearing aids or CI experience were participated. It was observed typical oriented behavioral reactions in response to test stimuli in water in 15 children from the experimental group, but there weren’t reactions to the acoustic component of stimuli on air (out of water). Hydrovibrotactile stimulation sessions prior amplification and CI processor fitting accelerated the development of oriented and stable condition motor reflex reactions to sounds in children with hearing aids and CI, including even near-threshold stimuli, in comparison with control group children, who got only traditional lessons with speech-language therapist. As a result, an adequate fitting of hearing aids or CI processor and spontaneous development of hearing behavior in everyday situations were achieved significantly faster.
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Kanan, Amer, and Tanju Karanfil. "Formation of disinfection by-products in indoor swimming pool water: The contribution from filling water natural organic matter and swimmer body fluids." Water Research 45, no. 2 (January 2011): 926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.031.
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Putra, Clairine Maretha Martin. "The Physical And Microbiological Quality Of Clean Water In Nanas Sub Village Kediri District Post Natural Phenomena Sinking Wells." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 10, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v10i4.2018.36-367.
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Indonesia prones to natural disasters because it is located at the meeting of three world’s major tectonic plates that move and collide each other. The natural phenomena of sinking well that occurs in 2017 damaging 79 wells in the Nanas sub village, Puncu sub-district, Kediri district. The sinking well is natural phenomena which causes wells to down or to sink underground. The highest percentage of sinking well is in Nanas sub-village, There are 40 (50.6%) of wells are damaged. The research purpose was to know the physical quality and microbiology of well water in Nanas sub-village. This research type was observational. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. The water samples were obtained from 10 wells which were not damaged, 10 wells which were once muddy, and 10 wells which were sunk in 2017. The water check results were compared to regulation of the Minister of Health no. 32 in 2017 about Environmental Health Quality Standards and Water Requirements for Hygiene Sanitation, Swimming Pool, SPA and Public Bath. This research result was 30 (100%) water source fulfilled the physical quality requirement, and 28 (93,3%) qualified microbiology quality, while the remaining 2 (6,7%) did not fulfill the microbiological quality requirements for the need of hygiene and sanitation. The physical and microbiological quality of well water, after the natural phenomena of sinking wells, is qualified. The society is expected to maintain clean water sources.
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Sanz, Magdalena. "El bebé y el niño pequeño en el agua: Aplicación de los principios de Emmi Pikler en pedagogía acuática para la primera infancia." Revista de Investigación en Actividades Acuáticas 1, no. 2 (October 3, 2017): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/riaa.v1i2.394.
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Antecedentes: A partir del conocimiento de la más amplia investigación realizada sobre la pura motricidad libre en bebés y niños desde los 3 meses hasta los 3 años de vida llevada a cabo por el Instituto Loczy en Budapest (Hungría), reformulamos las prácticas tradicionales de la natación temprana, generando recursos pedagógicos que eviten provocar en el agua posturas que los bebés y niños no hayan alcanzado por sí mismos en tierra, y que reemplacen las inmersiones dirigidas por el adulto en cualquiera de las etapas del aprendizaje.Objetivos: Se ha comprobado que esta nueva propuesta pedagógica no retarda el logro de la independencia acuática factible en edades tempranas, especialmente en lo referido a la coordinación de habilidades de equilibrio, respiración y movimientos propulsores.Método: El sostén adulto y las propuestas siguen las posturas alcanzadas por los bebés autónomamente, sin adelantar o forzar en el agua posturas o velocidades que el bebé no logre por sí mismo en tierra. Reemplazamos las inmersiones realizadas por adultos por propuestas lúdicas basadas en la iniciativa del bebé o niño y en la imitación en libertad de movimiento en piscinas playas. Creamos y mantenemos las condiciones estables de sostén a través de la formación de los maestros y la información a los padres. Llevamos un período de observación de cinco años, en clases regulares de natación con bebés y niños de 4 meses a 3 años (+/- 6 meses) con uno de sus padres en el agua. En este período el promedio de asistencia fue de 80 díadas mensuales, con una frecuencia mayoritaria de un estímulo de clase semanal.Resultados: El resultado más destacado de la experiencia es la innecesaridad de sumergir a los bebés para la estimulación de la pausa respiratoria en inmersión y la independencia acuática, una práctica emblemática de la actividad. Sin esta práctica, todos los bebés y niños observados realizaron uso espontáneo de la pausa respiratoria en inmersión desde que la realizan, y todos lograron organizar su respiración autónomamente, tanto en superficie como en inmersión, sin haber sido sumergidos por los adultos.Conclusiones: Buscamos con esta investigación cuidar el bienestar emocional temprano, que determina fundamentalmente la constitución de la vida psíquica del hombre en ciernes que vive, como explorador, en cada niño.Palabras clave: Equilibrio, respiración, tono, emoción, desarrollo, iniciativa, autonomía y estimulación. Title: The baby and the little boy in the water. Application of the principles of Emmi Pikler in aquatic pedagogy for early childhoodAbstract Introduction: 7 years ago we acquired knowledge of the broadest research to date on natural motor development based on pure free movement in babies and infants between 3 months old and 3 years of age, carried out by the Loczy Institute in Budapest (Hungary). Since then, we were inspired to reformulate traditional early age swimming practices. We did so by generating pedagogical resources that avoid provoking, when in water, postures that they haven’t already developed on land by themselves, replacing adult-conducted immersions in any of the learning stages.Goals: We verified that this new pedagogical proposal does not delay the achievement of early age feasible aquatic independence, especially when it comes to the coordination of balance, breathing and propellant motion skills. The unfolding of the infant’s initiative is the basis for a significate and delightful motor learning process.Method: The adult support and proposals follow the postures achieved by the babies autonomously, without overtaking or force in the water postures or speeds that the baby does not achieve by itself on land. We replace the dives made by adults for playful proposals based on the initiative of the baby or child and imitation in freedom of movement in swimming pools. We create and maintain stable conditions of support through teacher training and information to parents. We have a five-year observation period in regular swimming classes with infants and children aged 4 months to 3 years (+/- 6 months) with one of their parents in the water. In this period the average attendance was 80 monthly dyads, with a majority frequency of a weekly class stimulus.Results: The most outstanding result of the experience is the unnecessary immersion of the babies for the stimulation of the breathing pause in immersion and the aquatic independence, an emblematic practice of the activity. Without this practice, all infants and children observed spontaneous use of the breathing pause in immersion since they performed it, and all managed to organize their breathing autonomously, both in surface and immersion, without having been submerged by adults.Conclusions: This investigation we aim to take care of early age emotional wellbeing, which fundamentally determines the constitution of the psychic experience of the budding adult that lives, as and explorer, in each child.Keywords: Balance, breathing, tone, emotion, development, initiative, autonomy and stimulation. Título: O bebê e o menino na água. Aplicação dos princípios de Emmi Pikler em pedagogia aquática para a primeira infânciaResumoIntrodução: Há 7 anos conhecemos a mais ampla investigação realizada sobre o desenvolvimento motor baseado na motricidade livre pura , em bebés e crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 3 meses e os 3 anos de idade. Este estudo foi realizado pelo Instituto Loczy en Budapeste, na Hungria. Desde então, reformulámos as nossas práticas tradicionais de natação para bebés y crianças, através da criação de recursos pedagógicos que, evitem provocar na água posturas que os bebés e crianças ainda não tenham alcançado por si mesmos em terra, e que, substituam as imersões dirigidas pelo adulto em qualquer das etapas de aprendizagem.Objetivos: Verificámos que esta nova proposta pedagógica não atrasa a conquista da independência aquática possível de alcançar em idades baixas, especialmente no que se refere à coordenação das habilidades de equilíbrio, respiração e ações propulsivas. As possibilidades atribuídas ao bebé e à criança de poder ter iniciativa são a base de uma aprendizagem motora significativa e com sensação de prazer durante o processo.Método: O apoio e as propostas dos adultos seguem as posturas alcançadas pelos bebês de forma autônoma, sem ultrapassar ou forçar as posturas ou velocidades da água que o bebê não consegue por si só em terra. Nós substituímos os mergulhos feitos por adultos para propostas divertidas com base na iniciativa do bebê ou criança e imitação na liberdade de circulação em piscinas. Criamos e mantem condições estáveis de apoio através da formação de professores e informações aos pais. Temos um período de observação de cinco anos em aulas regulares de natação com bebês e crianças de 4 meses a 3 anos (+/- 6 meses) com um dos pais na água. Neste período, o atendimento médio foi de 80 díades mensais, com uma freqüência maioritária de um estímulo de classe semanal.Resultados: O resultado mais destacado da experiência é a imersão desnecessária dos bebês para a estimulação da pausa de respiração na imersão e a independência aquática, uma prática emblemática da atividade. Sem esta prática, todos os bebês e crianças observaram o uso espontâneo da pausa de respiração na imersão, uma vez que o realizaram e todos conseguiram organizar sua respiração de forma autônoma, tanto na superfície quanto na imersão, sem serem submersos por adultos.Conclusiones: Pretendemos com esta investigação cuidar do bem-estar emocional na infância, que é determinante na constituição da vida psíquica do homem que está em desenvolvimento, como explorador, em cada criança.Palavras-chave: Equilíbrio, respiração, tônus, emoção, desenvolvimento, iniciativa, autonomia, e estimulação.
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Rinakanti, Rinakanti, Ahmad Jauhari, and Siti Erdian. "ANALISIS TAPAK BUKIT KATUNUN." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 9, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v9i2.11282.
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The purpose of this site analysis is to determine business space and public space in accordance with Regulation of the Director General of Sustainable Production Forest Management Number P.06 / PDASHL / SET / KUM.1 / 11/2016 concerning Guidelines for Designing a Site Design for Management of Natural Tourism in Protected Forests. The analysis method of identifying satellite imagery in 2018 with the use of Quantum software can create slope class maps and land cover maps. These results are then checked randomly in the field. This site analysis was prepared by referring to the provisions of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number P.22 / Menhut-II / 2012 concerning Guidelines for Business Activities Utilizing Natural Tourism Environmental Services in Protected Forests, Regulation of the Director General of Sustainable Production Forest Management Number P.06 / PDASHL /SET/KUM.1/11/2016 concerning Guidelines for Designing a Site for Management of Nature Tourism in Protected Forests. Site Analysis is a dynamic reference for planners to divide Bukit Katunun natural tourism area into business space and public space. Business space will be built restaurant / café, lodging, paid camping ground, swimming pool and agrotourism area. While public spaces will be built gates (2 pieces) and security posts, information and health centers, parking areas, gathering areas + toilets, parks + fountains, free camping ground, halls / meeting rooms, research centers, viewing towers and shelters ( 4 pieces), and a trail (jungle tracking) ± 2000 m.
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Smolinský, Radovan, Vojtech Baláž, and Beate Nürnberger. "Tadpoles of hybridising fire-bellied toads (B. bombina and B. variegata) differ in their susceptibility to predation." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): e0231804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231804.
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The role of adaptive divergence in the formation of new species has been the subject of much recent debate. The most direct evidence comes from traits that can be shown to have diverged under natural selection and that now contribute to reproductive isolation. Here, we investigate differential adaptation of two fire-bellied toads (Anura, Bombinatoridae) to two types of aquatic habitat. Bombina bombina and B. variegata are two anciently diverged taxa that now reproduce in predator-rich ponds and ephemeral aquatic sites, respectively. Nevertheless, they hybridise extensively wherever their distribution ranges adjoin. We show in laboratory experiments that, as expected, B. variegata tadpoles are at relatively greater risk of predation from dragonfly larvae, even when they display a predator-induced phenotype. These tadpoles spent relatively more time swimming and so prompted more attacks from the visually hunting predators. We argue in the discussion that genomic regions linked to high activity in B. variegata should be barred from introgression into the B. bombina gene pool and thus contribute to gene flow barriers that keep the two taxa from merging into one.
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Batsialou, Ioanna. "Possibilities of balneotherapy in treatment of subjective symptoms of chronic low back pain (lumbar syndrome)." Medical review 55, no. 11-12 (2002): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0212495b.
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Introduction Chronic low back pain is a degenerative rheumatic disease and is characterized by various symptoms and clinical signs. Balneotherapy Balneotherapy represents a therapy by various hot or warm baths in natural mineral waters of specific physical and chemical characteristics. When used externally, they have mechanical, chemical and thermic effects. Balneotherapy of lumbar syndrome includes: individual baths, swimming in the pool, hydrokinesitherapy, underwater massage, underwater extension, mud therapy, mud baths. The therapy should be closely monitored for optimal efficacy and it is necessary to examine: functional status of the lumbosacral region, general functional status (level of activity), lower extremities, pain measurement, use of non-steroid anti-rheumatic and analgesic agents. In order to follow-up the effects of therapy and establish the prognosis it is important to perform: detailed anamnesis, anthropometrics measurements, socio-epidemiological research, clinical examinations. Conclusion Lumbar syndrome is usually caused by a degenerative disease of the spinal column. More than 25% of people under 45 years of age are unable to work due to chronic low back pain. That is why preventive measures, prompt diagnosis and adequate therapy are of utmost importance.
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Дыбаль, Михаил, and Mikhail Dybal. "DEVELOPING THE SPATIAL RELATIONS BASED ON INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE RECREATIONAL ENTERPRISES OF SAINT PETERSBURG." Services in Russia and abroad 11, no. 5 (August 7, 2017): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-042x-11-5-4.
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The territory of Saint Petersburg is divided into 18 districts. One of them, the Kurortny district, has been formed in the health resort area of St. Petersburg. In 1898 by decree of Emperor Nicholas II Sestroretskiy resort with Europe's largest swimming pool with mineral water was founded on the territory of modern Kurortny district. In 1907 Sestroretskiy resort was awarded the GRAN-PRIX at the world balneology exhibition in Spa (Belgium). Currently, the Kurortny district is constantly has more than 40 establishments of sanatorium-resort complex, where annually more than 300 thousand of citizens and guests of the Northern capital improve their health.
The article considers spatial communications and relations among recreational facilities. The author determines the main factors of tourism development of recreational areas, particularly reveals the main natural healing factors of the Kurortny district of St. Petersburg. The article considers the state and development prospects of the spatial relationships among recreational institutions through the example of sites of the Northern capital. The author offers technology of complex automation system of recreational facility management as a development factor of spatial relations and attracting tourists to the region and development of recreational facilities.
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Operinde, Olayinka Helen, and Emma-Egoro Praise. "ASSESSMENT OF TOURISTS’ PERCEPTION AND SATISFACTION IN AGODI PARK AND GARDENS IBADAN AS A NATURE-BASED TOURISM ATTRACTION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 7 (July 28, 2020): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i7.2020.653.
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This study hinges on the assessment of tourists perception and satisfaction in Agodi Park and Gardens Ibadan as a nature-based tourism attraction. The study was conducted to investigate and assess the level of tourist’s satisfaction with the attributes (facilities and services) at the Park. In order to achieve the aim of this study, a well-structured questionnaire was drafted in line with the research objectives. The findings of the study revealed that the most satisfying features at the Park was the natural environment and the swimming pool at 62.8% and 34.9% respectively. However, the most dissatisfying features were the Zoo (54.6%) and the inadequate recreational facilities (17.4). The results also shows that the quality of tourism services has a positive impact on the level of tourist satisfaction. These results are considered to be valuable to destination managers, tourism organizations and businesses in evaluating the level of their current services. Therefore, this study suggests that visitors’ satisfaction can be boosted by raising the standard of service quality throughout the destinations’ attractions, facilities and modes of accessibility. The Parks’ management should upgrade the zoological garden to meet up with International standard so as to increase tourists’ patronage and satisfaction.
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Mokea-Niaty, Aurélien, Samson Daudet Medza Mve, Alexis Nicaise Lepengue, Antoine Mitte Mbeang Beyeme, Christian Moupela, Maurice Ognalaga, Darlène Badjina Eko, Nabil Sabet Mustafa, and Bertrand M’batchi. "Mise Au Point D’un Protocole De Sterilisation D’explants Nodaux D’alchornea Cordifolia Avec De L’acide Triclororoisocyanurique." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 15 (May 31, 2017): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n15p274.
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Trichloroisocyanuric acid is a swimming pool disinfectant and is readily accessible. As a result, there is the need to use it as a substitute for conventional disinfectants in in vitro culture. Nodal explants of Alchornea cordifolia, harvested in a natural environment, have been rinsed abundantly with Dettol under running water. Then it was soaked in Talo Plus (550 g/l carbendazim and 100 g/l Chlorothalonil) at 5 ml/liter, which is a broad spectrum fungicide. After then, it was immersed in 70% alcohol for 10 minutes before being soaked in different solutions of trichloroisocyanuric acid to: 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.3, 0.1, and 0.08%. The explants were disinfected completely of all contaminating bacterial and fungal exogenous. This was after a treatment in solutions of acidic trichloroisocyanurique of 6 to 0.08%. The results showed that the losses of active chlorine remained low during storage at temperatures of 4 to 18 ± 2°C. They reach only 5.29% after 72 hours. At room temperature of 27 ± 2 ° C, these losses are more than 30% after three days. Concentrations of 0.1 to 0.3% are effective for the disinfection of explants. This protocol of explants disinfection in vitro culture could therefore be advantageously substituted using the hypochlorite of calcium or the chloride of mercury.
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J. Premkumar, and Dr Suresh Frederick. "Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethics in Paul Seed’s Dead Ahead: The Exxon Valdez Disaster." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 898–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8411.
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“The Land Ethics” is taken from a part from A Sand County Almanac by Aldo Leopold. It articulates a philosophy that reveres nature and grants it moral status as a part of the community. Leopold argued that humans should conceive their relationships with nature differently. On seeing this fact, ethics focused on humans and property, he urged us to enlarge the community to “include soils, waters, plants, and animals, or collectively: the land.” The land, then should be preserved and protected. Doing so is right. Not doing so is wrong. “Aldo Leopold says, a land ethic, then, reflects the existence of an ecological conscience, and this in turn reflects a conviction of individual responsibility for the health of the land” (Leopold). Aldo Leopold work brought forth the idea of ecology and revolutionized natural resources management. He passionately introduced a land ethic, a way of seeing our actions on the landscape through a moral lens. Using this ethic, he helped drive consideration of human actions in a more complete and thoughtful manner that effectively valued ecological function rather than simply justifying all action based on human desires. Paul Seed’s Dead Ahead: The Exxon Valdez Disaster is based on real life incident. This movie was released on December 12, 1992 in USA, directed by Paul Seed, produced by John Smithson and David M. Thompson, and distributed by HBO channel. Exxon Valdez oil spilt, the tanker left Alaska on March 23, 1989, at 9:12 p.m. carrying more than 53 million gallons of oil. Just three hours later, after the ship ran into a reef, thousands of gallons of oil spilt in the sea. The sum of oil spilled was sufficient to fill an Olympic-sized swimming pool (see. fig. 1). It is the worst environmental disaster in history. “As a result,
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Heilgeist, Simone, Ryo Sekine, Oz Sahin, and Rodney A. Stewart. "Finding Nano: Challenges Involved in Monitoring the Presence and Fate of Engineered Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments." Water 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050734.
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In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has increasingly been used as an inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filter for sun protection. However, nano-TiO2 may also pose risks to the health of humans and the environment. Thus, to adequately assess its potential adverse effects, a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour and fate of TiO2 in different environments is crucial. Advances in analytical and modelling methods continue to improve researchers’ ability to quantify and determine the state of nano-TiO2 in various environments. However, due to the complexity of environmental and nanoparticle factors and their interplay, this remains a challenging and poorly resolved feat. This paper aims to provide a focused summary of key particle and environmental characteristics that influence the behaviour and fate of sunscreen-derived TiO2 in swimming pool water and natural aquatic environments and to review the current state-of-the-art of single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) approaches to detect and characterise TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous media. Furthermore, it critically analyses the capability of existing fate and transport models to predict environmental TiO2 levels. Four particle and environmental key factors that govern the fate and behaviour of TiO2 in aqueous environments are identified. A comparison of SP-ICP-MS studies reveals that it remains challenging to detect and characterise engineered TiO2 nanoparticles in various matrices and highlights the need for the development of new SP-ICP-MS pre-treatment and analysis approaches. This review shows that modelling studies are an essential addition to experimental studies, but they still lack in spatial and temporal resolution and mostly exclude surface transformation processes. Finally, this study identifies the use of Bayesian Network-based models as an underexplored but promising modelling tool to overcome data uncertainties and incorporates interconnected variables.
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Suma, Nasobi Niki. "Informasi Geospasial untuk Membangkitkan Potensi Wisata Pesisir Pada Jalur Lintas Selatan (JLS) Jember – Jawa Timur." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jg.v10i1.8321.
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Abstrak Pesisir selatan Puger Kabupaten Jember memiliki potensi pengembangan wilayah yang sangat strategis. Potensi wilayah tersebut didukung oleh pembangunan Jalur Lintas Selatan (JLS). Diharapkan dengan adanya JLS ini, ekonomi dan akses masyarakat semakin mudah. Dengan tipologi Pesisir Puger berjenis Marine Deposition Coast menjadikan lokasinya sangat cocok untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai lokasi wisata andalan di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) memberikan informasi spasial yang up to date mengenai obyek wisata pesisir Puger, dan (2) membantu menyediakan informasi geospasial berbentuk peta kepada Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Jember. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik survey dan menggunakan bantuan Sistem Informasi Geografi (ArcGis 10.2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 9 obyek/spot wisata Pesisir Puger, yaitu (1) Spot Wisata JLS dan Mercusuar, (2) Obyek Wisata Bukit Pasir, (3) Spot Wisata Muara Sungai Bedadung, (4) Obyek Wisata Pantai Pancer, (5) Spot Wisata Breakwater Puger, (6) Spot Wisata Pelabuhan dan Pasar Ikan, (7) Spot Wisata Pulau Kacang, (8) Spot Kolam Renang Air Gunung Alami, dan (9) Obyek Wisata Pantai Kucur.Kata Kunci: Informasi Geospasial, Wisata Pesisir, JalurLintas Selatan (JLS) JemberAbstractThe southern coast of Puger (Jember) has the potential for the development of a very strategic area. The potential of these areas is supported by the construction of the South Cross Line (JLS Java Island). It is expected that with this JLS, economic and public access more easily. With the Coastal Puger typology of the Marine Deposition Coast makes the location is perfect for use as a mainstay tourist location in Jember. This study aims to (1) provide up-to-date spatial information on Puger coastal tourism, and (2) help provide geospatial information to the Department of Tourism and Culture of Jember. The method in this research using quantitative descriptive method with survey techniques and using Geographic Information System (ArcGis 10.2). The result of research shows that there are 9 objects/spots of Puger Coastal Coast, that is (1) JLS and Lighthouse, (2) Sand Dunes, (3) Estuary Bedadung, (4) Pancer Beach, (5) Breakwater Puger, (6) Harbor and Fish Market, (7) Kacang Island, (8) Swimming Pool from Natural Mountain Water, and (9) Kucur Beach.Keywords: Geospatial Information, Coastal Tourism, JLS Jember
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Sari, Ratih Permana, and Molani Paulina Hasibuan. "UJI POTENSI ANTIMIKROBA BIJI TUMBUHAN MANGROVE (AVICENNIA MARINA SP.) SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBERANTAS PENYAKIT KEPITING BAKAU (SCYLLA SERRATA)." Jurnal IPA & Pembelajaran IPA 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v1i2.9685.
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Abstrak. Besarnya potensi alam yang dimiliki oleh Kota Langsa yaitu tumbuhan mangrove dikembangkan yang nantinya dapat digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan khususnya untuk pencarian bahan baku obat-obatan seperti obat antimikroba. Selain tumbuhannya, ketersediaan makanan laut seperti kepiting bakau juga merupakan salah satu potensi lokal yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat setempat. Namun masyarakat harus berhati-hati dalam mengkonsumsi kepiting bakau karena ada kepiting bakau yang mengandung mikroorganisme atau bakteri berbahaya yang dapat merusak kesehatan manusia baik dalam jangka pendek maupun panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi mangrove sebagai antimikroba dan mengetahui komponen bioaktif yang terdapat pada mangrove dalam mengatasi penyakit pada kepiting bakau. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel biji mangrove Avicennia marina dilakukan pada Desa Kuala Langsa. Sampel mangrove yang diambil adalah biji yang tua dan kondisinya utuh, sampel kemudian dimasukkan dalam kantong sampel ditimbang hingga beratnya 1 kg. Hasil data uji skrining fitokimia diketahui kandungan senyawa biokatif dan jenis senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat di dalam ekstraksi biji mangrove adalah triterpenenoid, tanin, fenol dan alkaloid. Pengujian daya hambat ekstrak metanol dan n-heksan biji A. marina dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar. Pada beberapa pengulangan ekstrak pelarut metanol dan n-heksan sampel biji mangrove didapatkan zona bening rata-rata 3,13 mm dan 3,03 mm dari kontrol positifnya. Hasil gejala klinis pada kepiting bakau pasca perendaman ekstrak biji tumbuhan mangrove terlihat adanya perubahan seperti mengecilnya melanosis pada karapas, memudarnya kaki renang yang memerah, dan warna karapas mulai kehijauan.Kata Kunci: antimikroba, biji mangrove, kepiting bakau Abstrak. The amount of natural potency possessed by Langsa City is developed mangrove plant which later can be used in health field especially to search for raw material of medicines like antimicrobial drug. In addition to the plants, the availability of seafood such as mangrove crab is also one of the local potential that many in demand by the local community. But people should be careful in consuming mangrove crabs because there are crabs containing microorganisms or harmful bacteria that can damage human health both in the short and long term. This study aims to assess the potential of mangrove as an antimicrobial and to know the bioactive components contained in mangrove in overcoming the disease in mangrove crab. The data was collected by sampling of mangrove seeds conducted in Kuala Langsa Village. The mangrove samples taken were old mangrove seeds and the condition was intact, the sample then put in a sample bag weighed up to weighing 1 kg. The result of phytochemical screening data data of biochemical compound and bioactive compound type found in mangrove seed extraction of Avicennia marina are triterpenenoid, tannin, phenol and alkaloid. Testing of inhibitory power of methanol and n-hexane extract of A. marina seeds was done by agar diffusion method. In some repeat extracts of methanol and n-hexane solvent samples of mangrove seeds obtained an average clear zone of 3.13 mm and 3.03 mm of positive control. Furthermore, the results of clinical symptoms in mangrove crabs after soaking seed extracts visible changes such as decreased melanosis in the carapace, the waning of the swimming pool is red, and the color of the carapace begins to greenish.Keywords: Antimicrobial, mangrove plant seed, mangrove crab