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1
Stutz, Bruce. Natural lives, modern times: People and places of the Delaware River. Crown Publishers, 1992.
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2
Stutz, Bruce. Natural lives, modern times: People and places of the Delaware River. Crown Publishers, 1992.
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3
Emma, Ferry Elizabeth, Limbert Mandana E, and School for Advanced Research (Santa Fe, N.M.), eds. Timely assets: The politics of resources and their temporalities. School for Advanced Research, 2008.
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4
Ternovaya, Lyudmila. Vestimentary code of international communication. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1206679.
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The monograph reveals the features of vestimental, i.e. related to clothing, a person's choice that determines the nature of his communication with other people. These actions may be dictated by a person's national, social, professional, gender, or other group affiliation. At the same time, clothing that has its own fashion language can help decipher the most intricate social and political symbols and thus clarify complex situations in international relations. Many meanings of power and subordination, war and peace, labor and celebration are transmitted through clothing. Times change, and with them not only mores change, but also the understanding of the purpose of fashion. Today, it is able to Express environmental values and implement charitable projects. It is intended for specialists in the history of international relations, geopolitics, sociology, and cultural studies. It will also be of interest to a wide range of readers.
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Pelke, Eberhard, and Eugen Brühwiler, eds. Engineering History and Heritage Structures – Viewpoints and Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed015.
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The present Structural Engineering Document (SED) is a compilation of contributions devoted to the vast topic of history of structural engineering as well as interventions on heritage structures and structures of high cultural values. Various, some-times opposed, viewpoints and approaches are expressed and presented. The rather heterogeneous and controversial nature of the content of this SED shall stimulate lively discus-sions within the structural engineering community who needs to increase the awareness of historical and cultural aspects of structures and structural engineering. Current structural engineering methods and practice are only at the very begin-ning of effective engineering, really integrating historical and cultural aspects in the assessment of existing structures and in intervention projects to adapt or modify structures of cultural values for future demands. Knowing the past is indispensable for modern structural engineering!
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Brink, Gabriël. Moral Sentiments in Modern Society. Translated by Gioia Marini. Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089647757.
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Since the time of Adam Smith, scholars have tried to understand the role moral sentiments play in modern life, an issue that became especially urgent during and after the 2008 global financial crisis. Previous explanations have ranged from the idea that modern society is built on moral values to the notion that modernisation results in moral decay. The essays in this interdisciplinary volume use the example of Dutch society and a wealth of empirical data to propose a novel theory about the ambivalent relation between contemporary life and human nature. In the process, the contributors argue for the need to reject simplistic explanations and reinvent civil society.
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. The economy and material management on a railway transport. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1085329.
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In the textbook in an accessible form presented and discussed the development of the economy and the inventory management of railway transport in the new economic environment. For the first time in Russian literature, made a theoretical attempt at a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of, and satisfaction of needs in material resources structural divisions, subsidiaries and affiliates of JSC "RZD". According to the results of theoretical research, innovative and production potential of the supply system of railway transport the main directions and methods of transformation of the restructuring process under the corporate changes of JSC "RZD", positioned value system of logistics of rail transport, a comprehensive approach to the development of systems of balanced indicators of supply and prompt handling of material resources. Recommendations for the implementation of the developed algorithms and models are long term in nature and are based on the concept of logistics management improve business processes, system logistics.
 For students and teachers, workers of enterprises of railway transport, and others interested in questions of transport Economics.
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Yas, Oleksii. Comparative Histories: Instrumental Possibilities, Comparative Perspectives, and Cognitive Values. Analytical brief. Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15407/book1-0017926.
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The study highlights the origin of comparative tools and their use in the cultural spheres of historiography. It emphasizes that the comparative strategies and practices of classical historiography were largely based on the evolutionary and stage-specific foundations of the construction of the past; in particular, they imitated the cognitive models of natural science. The role of the romantic paradigm of nineteenth-century socio-humanitarian knowledge, which led to the constitution of comparative linguistics, comparative mythology, and comparative literature studies, has been considered. It is shown that non-classical historiography significantly diversified and specified comparative practices and algorithms. It is revealed that comparative components played an important role in large-scale conceptualizations, including the morphology of world history, theories of civilizations and the world system, long-term, medium-term and short-term structures of historical time, as well as inter-spatial and inter-temporal comparisons. It is emphasized that intercultural comparative studies are spreading in the field of non-classical science, which is looking for relevant ethnological, anthropological, cultural contexts and areas of comparison. It is noted that the era of globalism, multiculturalism and postmodern innovations has led to drastic metamorphoses of historical comparative studies associated with epistemological relativism and the perception of the past and present in the light of global retrospectives and perspectives. It is argued that modern comparative studies generate various cognitive opportunities for updating and expanding scientific understanding of the national and global past; first of all, they allow to find different planes for the elaboration of old problems. It is noted that despite its numerous advantages and instrumental capabilities, comparative history cannot substitute / replace traditional or event-based history.
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Dacome, Lucia. Transferring Value. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736189.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 turns to collectors to explore how anatomical modelling and anatomical displays were subject to processes of valorization. It examines how models had the capacity to generate and transfer value by exploring the events related to the sale of Morandi and Manzolini’s collection. In particular, the chapter reconstructs how the transferral of the anatomical collection to the palace of the Bolognese senator Girolamo Ranuzzi ended up supporting Ranuzzi’s own ambitions and commercial pursuits. It is argued that not only did anatomical models act as powerful vehicles through which their makers could be transformed into celebrities, they also became precious collectibles that could act as testimonials of their collectors’ involvement in natural inquiries and medical enterprises while, at the same time, adding value and prestige to their pursuits.
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Park, Ki-Gab. Law on Natural Disasters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0009.
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The chapter argues that natural disasters are common concerns in the international community. At the same time, the current international cooperation mechanism, based on the principle of equal sovereignty, require prior consent by the state affected by a natural disaster. Unfortunately, this is not always an efficient tool for the protection of victims. The globalization of problems and the proliferation of humanitarian crises make the veritable solidarity of the international community increasingly necessary, and therefore another high value, namely international solidarity or community obligations, should create direct and immediate obligations for all members of the international community. The main object of this chapter is to discuss the future-oriented direction of the law on natural disasters. This means, first, to ascertain the lex lata, especially customary rules. The chapter further offers some suggestions on possible ways for the international community to provide more effective relief for victims of natural disasters.
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Nisbet, Jack. Visible Bones: Journeys Across Time in the Columbia River Country. Sasquatch Books, 2007.
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14
Lebdioui, Amir. Are we measuring natural resource wealth correctly? A reconceptualization of natural resource value in the era of climate change. 18th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/952-5.
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Underlying the management of revenues from natural resource extraction is a set of assumptions about how abundant and how valuable these resources are. Nevertheless, existing approaches to measuring the value of extractive resources are seriously flawed. This paper proposes two avenues for improving them. It explains how a multidimensional approach to measuring resource wealth can be used to identify the policy challenges that a country might face as it sets out its strategy for managing extractive revenues. It also provides a rethinking of the valuation of extractive wealth by integrating environmental considerations. Extractive activities can at times incur a great loss of (renewable) opportunity income, either directly or indirectly, because of their environmental impact. By analysing a range of examples from across the globe, this paper extracts key lessons on the true value of extractives and why it matters for policy makers, civil society, and international donors today.
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Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. HarperSanFrancisco, 2002.
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Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. HarperOne, 2004.
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17
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. HarperSanFrancisco, 2002.
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18
Fraenkel, Ernst. The Sociology of the Dual State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.003.0010.
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This chapter presents a sociological analysis of the dual state by looking at the terms “community” and “society” and relating them to Germany under the National-Socialists. The chapter also considers the concept of politics in National-Socialist theory, which, it states, is defined by reference to “the enemy.” National-Socialist negation of all universally valid values and its suppression of all communities based upon such values, its negation of an order sanctioned by Natural Law, it is stated, may be said to be at least partially due to foreign threats; at the same time, it is necessary to recognize that the relaxation of the international threat was accompanied by an intensification of the war against internal disintegration. The chapter ends by looking at what the solution to the tensions in National-Socialist Germany might be at the time when this text was written. This is left open. The solution, it states, depends on the people.
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Perrings, Charles, and Ann Kinzig. Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190613600.001.0001.
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This book explores the process by which people decide to conserve or convert natural resources. Building on a seminal study by Harold Hotelling that connects conservation to expected changes in the value of resources, the authors develop the general principles involved in conservation science. The focus of the book is the resources of the natural environment. This includes both directly exploited resources such as agricultural soils, minerals, forests, and fish stocks, and biodiversity—the wild species and natural ecosystems put at risk when people choose to convert natural habitat, or to discharge waste products to water, land, or air. The theory of conservation shows how much or how little to extract from the environment, and how much to leave intact. It also shows how conservation decisions are influenced by the existence of market failures—the external impacts of market decisions on ecosystems, and the public good nature of many ecosystem services. It shows how conservation connects to expected changes in the relative importance or value of natural resources, and what is needed to uncover that value. It shows how context matters. Decisions about the conservation of natural resources are influenced by property rights—whether land is private property or in the public domain; by environmental policies, laws, and regulations within countries; and by environmental agreements between countries. Finally, this book shows how conservation differs within and beyond protected areas, how it connects to the system of environmental governance, and how governance structures have evolved over time.
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Calhoun, Cheshire. Doing Valuable Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851866.001.0001.
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We are evaluators. We pursue what we take to be valuable, strive to live meaningfully, judge whether our present circumstances are good enough, and have standards for what we are willing to take an interest in rather than be bored by. We are also temporally oriented beings. We anticipate particular future events, previsaging them in imagination, and we live in the present under a general sense of what the future will be like. We often imagine how the temporal unfolding of events might have proceeded otherwise. And we understand our own life’s time as something to be spent and open to our choices about how to spend it. This is a book about the connection between these two features of human persons. It is also a book about the difficulties evaluators face in doing valuable time and the different ways we as evaluators connect and disconnect ourselves from our present and future. The author explores the nature of meaningful living, the motivating interest we take in our futures and lose in depression, how hope works to sustain difficult pursuits, the value of committing ourselves to having a particular future, the inevitability of boredom with the present, and the possibilities for being content with the imperfect present.
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Hankin, David, Michael S. Mohr, and Kenneth B. Newman. Sampling Theory. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815792.001.0001.
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We present a rigorous but understandable introduction to the field of sampling theory for ecologists and natural resource scientists. Sampling theory concerns itself with development of procedures for random selection of a subset of units, a sample, from a larger finite population, and with how to best use sample data to make scientifically and statistically sound inferences about the population as a whole. The inferences fall into two broad categories: (a) estimation of simple descriptive population parameters, such as means, totals, or proportions, for variables of interest, and (b) estimation of uncertainty associated with estimated parameter values. Although the targets of estimation are few and simple, estimates of means, totals, or proportions see important and often controversial uses in management of natural resources and in fundamental ecological research, but few ecologists or natural resource scientists have formal training in sampling theory. We emphasize the classical design-based approach to sampling in which variable values associated with units are regarded as fixed and uncertainty of estimation arises via various randomization strategies that may be used to select samples. In addition to covering standard topics such as simple random, systematic, cluster, unequal probability (stressing the generality of Horvitz–Thompson estimation), multi-stage, and multi-phase sampling, we also consider adaptive sampling, spatially balanced sampling, and sampling through time, three areas of special importance for ecologists and natural resource scientists. The text is directed to undergraduate seniors, graduate students, and practicing professionals. Problems emphasize application of the theory and R programming in ecological and natural resource settings.
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Conscience And Its Enemies Confronting The Dogmas Of Liberal Secularism. Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2013.
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23
Olawuyi, Damilola S., José Juan González, Hanri Mostert, Milton Fernando Montoya, and Catherine Banet, eds. Net Zero and Natural Resources Law. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780198925033.001.0001.
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Abstract Net Zero and Natural Resources Law offers a comprehensive and authoritative account of the nature, scope, and guiding principles of natural resources law and policy in a net zero era. In response to the climate emergency, several countries, corporations, and other actors worldwide have announced programmes aimed at bringing down global emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change to net zero by the year 2060 or earlier. While the need for a clean energy transition is clear, incoherently designed transition programmes could produce complex environmental, social, and governance risks, including legal liability and protracted disputes. At the same time, the growing rush for minerals needed to manufacture clean energy technologies raises fundamental questions. Most crucial is how to ensure the exploration and development of energy transition minerals in a manner that does not exacerbate resource conflicts, resource nationalism, human rights violations, protectionism, energy insecurity, social exclusions, and inequity, especially in conflict-affected and high-risk regions. With case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America, and Australasia, this book offers a multijurisdictional exposition of how legal and regulatory systems are responding and can better respond to the wide range of sovereignty, security, and solidarity risks in the clean energy transition. Consideration is given to a nexus and integrated resource governance roadmap—focusing on net zero-aligned natural resource contracts, legislation, mineral strategies, human rights due diligence tools, dispute resolution and cooperative mechanisms—needed to improve coherence and coordination in the design, financing, and implementation of energy transition programmes across the entire natural resource value chain.
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Macklem, Timothy. Value and Circumstance. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198948605.001.0001.
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Abstract Four values—justice, consent, equality, and collective decision in the form of law—have profoundly shaped the practice of law in the twentieth century and beyond. Value and Circumstance revisits these political and moral ideals, uncovering the relationship between value and the moment. Each of the four key subjects is explored by returning to first principles in a way that invites reflection on the nature and functions of morality itself. The author claims that there is a deep and ongoing connection (and sometimes a dialogue) between the ideal and the everyday. As such, each of those things can be fully understood, appreciated, and pursued only in partnership with the other, even in cases when that partnership is unspoken and unacknowledged. Moreover, the book argues that sound moral comprehension is immanent in experience and engagement. We learn fully what justice calls for by doing justice; learn consent properly through practising consent; learn just when, in what manner, and in what domains to pursue equality through engaging with the prevailing equalities (both secured and unsecured) of our particular times and places; and learn what law should look like only by deciding what law is to be. In this dynamic, the moral world is steadily enlarged by our ordinary engagement with it. We both construct and draw upon the realm of value, to which we are accountable for our flourishing. We cannot live well with reference to the ideal alone.
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Gattinon, Luciano, and Eleonora Carlesso. Acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0064.
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Respiratory failure (RF) is defined as the acute or chronic impairment of respiratory system function to maintain normal oxygen and CO2 values when breathing room air. ‘Oxygenation failure’ occurs when O2 partial pressure (PaO2) value is lower than the normal predicted values for age and altitude and may be due to ventilation/perfusion mismatch or low oxygen concentration in the inspired air. In contrast, ‘ventilatory failure’ primarily involves CO2 elimination, with arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) higher than 45 mmHg. The most common causes are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and neuromuscular fatigue, leading to dyspnoea, tachypnoea, tachycardia, use of accessory muscles of respiration, and altered consciousness. History and arterial blood gas analysis is the easiest way to assess the nature of acute RF and treatment should solve the baseline pathology. In severe cases mechanical ventilation is necessary as a ‘buying time’ therapy. The acute hypoxemic RF arising from widespread diffuse injury to the alveolar-capillary membrane is termed Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which is the clinical and radiographic manifestation of acute pulmonary inflammatory states.
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Gattinon, Luciano, and Eleonora Carlesso. Acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0064_update_001.
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Respiratory failure (RF) is defined as the acute or chronic impairment of respiratory system function to maintain normal oxygen and CO2 values when breathing room air. ‘Oxygenation failure’ occurs when O2 partial pressure (PaO2) value is lower than the normal predicted values for age and altitude and may be due to ventilation/perfusion mismatch or low oxygen concentration in the inspired air. In contrast, ‘ventilatory failure’ primarily involves CO2 elimination, with arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) higher than 45 mmHg. The most common causes are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and neuromuscular fatigue, leading to dyspnoea, tachypnoea, tachycardia, use of accessory muscles of respiration, and altered consciousness. History and arterial blood gas analysis is the easiest way to assess the nature of acute RF and treatment should solve the baseline pathology. In severe cases mechanical ventilation is necessary as a ‘buying time’ therapy. The acute hypoxemic RF arising from widespread diffuse injury to the alveolar-capillary membrane is termed Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which is the clinical and radiographic manifestation of acute pulmonary inflammatory states.
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Hamilton, Kirk, and Gang Liu. Human Capital, Tangible Wealth, and the Intangible Capital Residual. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0011.
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Since income is the return on wealth, the total wealth of a country should be around twenty times its GDP. Instead, the average observed ratio from the System of National Accounts (SNA) is a factor of 2.6–6.6. Clearly, wealth accounts are incomplete. Estimating the value of the most obvious omission, human capital, using the lifetime income approach for a sample of thirteen (mostly high-income) countries yields a mean share of human capital in total wealth of 63 per cent—four times the value of produced and fourteen times that of natural capital. But for selected high-income countries an average of 25 per cent of total wealth remains unaccounted. This residual intangible is arguably the ‘stock equivalent’ of total factor productivity—the value of assets such as institutional and social capital that augment the capacity of produced, natural, and human capital to support a stream of consumption into the future.
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McLaughlin, Eoin, Nick Hanley, David Greasley, Jan Kunnas, Les Oxley, and Paul Warde. Historical Wealth Accounts for Britain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0007.
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Estimates of Britain’s comprehensive wealth are reported for the period 1760–2000. They include measures of produced, natural, and human capital, and illustrate the changing composition of Britain’s assets over this time period. This chapter shows how genuine savings (GS—a year-on-year measure of the change in total capital and a claimed indicator of sustainable development) has evolved over time. Changes in total wealth are compared to alternative, investment-based measures of GS, including variants augmented with the value of exogenous technology. In addition, the possible effects of population change on wealth, and the implications of including carbon dioxide emissions in natural capital, are considered.
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Azzouni, Jody. Applications of Neutrality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622558.003.0005.
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Advantages of the neutrality approach to natural languages are sketched. Paradigmatic ontological debates are described (about entities such as God or Bigfoot), and it is shown how the neutral approach can accommodate requirements on such debates, such as both parties understanding the claims of the other parties but disagreeing on the truth values of certain sentences that are nevertheless understood in common. There are also puzzles about how individuals are supposed to think about particular nonexistent beings over time, or how more than one individual can think about the same nonexistent being. It’s shown how the neutralist approach can accommodate this by focusing, in particular, on Geach’s Hob-Nob puzzle. Pretense approaches to fictional talk are undermined by showing that they prevent expression of needed claims we make about entities.
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Asta, Massimo, and Pedro Ramos Pinto, eds. The Value of Work since the 18th Century. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350335615.
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Beginning in the 18th century, a turning point in labour history as work encountered an industrialising modernity, this book explores how different forms of work have been valued up to the present day. Focusing on the cultural, intellectual, social and political implications of wages, the chapters in this collection historicise the labour market, conceiving it as complex system of social relations which evolve through time and differ according to space. They show how the level of wages and other forms of remuneration reflect not only marginal productivity and scarcity but also the nature of work relations and wider political, social and economic circumstances. With examples ranging across several centuries and different parts of the globe, it shows how wages are influenced by the specific organization and processes of work, conflict and power, social status and hierarchies between workers, custom and identity, family structure and professional ethics, ideology, politics and policy. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches The Value of Work since the 18th Century also addresses two interlinked questions; how did theoretical interpretations and techniques of wage measurement emerge and evolve, and to what extent does this matter in understanding the social and political history of work?
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Murnaghan, Sheila, and Deborah H. Roberts. “Very Capital Reading for Children”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199583478.003.0002.
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This chapter treats the transformation of classical myth into children’s pleasure reading by Nathaniel Hawthorne (A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys, 1851 and Tanglewood Tales, 1853) and Charles Kingsley (The Heroes, 1855), with attention to earlier handbooks and collections and to contemporary reservations about myth as suitable reading for children. Both authors use the fairy tale as a model and assume a natural affinity between children and the time in which the myths originated, but they also differ significantly. In Hawthorne’s Romantic vision, myth is archetypal and universal, equally suited to girls and boys, and conducive to free and imaginative play in an American setting; in Kingsley’s progressive vision, myth belongs to a childlike historical moment and serves as a prelude to the different sorts of education that await his boy and girl readers and as a vehicle for Christian and British values.
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McDaniel, Kris. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719656.003.0001.
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One of the oldest questions in metaphysics concerns not the various natures of beings but rather the nature of being itself: is being unitary or does being fragment? The primary aims of this book are to explicate the idea that being fragments, to show how the fragmentation of being impacts various other extant philosophical disputes, and to defend the tenability and fruitfulness of the idea that being fragments. The book demonstrates the importance of the claim that being fragments by extensively exploring the connections between the various ways being might fragment and philosophical issues pertaining to metaphysical fundamentality, substances and accidents, time, modality, ontological categories, absences and presences, persons, value, ground, and essence.
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Censer, Jack R., ed. A Cultural History of Ideas in the Age of Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206495.
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This volume of A Cultural History of Ideas focuses on the culture of the Enlightenment, long believed a time of enormous intellectual innovation and ferment. However elusive the precise connection between ideas and culture in this period, the emergent mixture resonated throughout the West and beyond. This volume features essays by ten eminent scholars who consider nine different areas of intellectual investigation: knowledge, concepts of self, society and ethics, economics and politics, nature and natural law, religion, literature, the arts, and history. In all of these areas, Enlightenment culture meant the development of modern values sharply at odds with the Old Regime in which they were embedded. From the explosion of knowledge, so extensive that even great libraries could not maintain their approach to cataloging, to the disruption of any stable notion of the self, to artists’ experiments with replication, to the rise of “human rights” language, change was in the air. Further, a concern for empirical evidence meant reliance on experiments, systematic observation, and public presentations. These essays, with their many connections, reveal Enlightenment ideas and cultural innovations as products of a world expanded and rethought in the course of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as a result of enhanced trade and exploration, new notions of sociability, a media revolution, and major political and economic developments.
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Frazee, Marla, and Elizabeth Garton Scanlon. All the World. Simon & Schuster, Limited, 2011.
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Hamilton, Kirk, John Hartwick, Kirk Hamilton, and John Hartwick. Wealth and Sustainability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0015.
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In 1974, it was a live question whether the exhaustion of natural resources, such as oil, would necessarily lead to the decline of economic activity. Solow showed that constant levels of consumption could be sustained if there is sufficient substitutability between produced and natural factors of production. Hartwick then proved that underpinning this result is a saving rule—set investment in produced capital equal to the value of resource depletion at each point in time. A large literature has shown that a comprehensive measure of the change in real wealth—net saving—plays a central role in determining whether current well-being can be sustained. The current composition of wealth serves to define the policy challenges that countries face in achieving sustainable development. If substitution possibilities are limited between natural and other factors of production, as one might expect, then technical progress is a necessary complement to policies for sustainability.
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Chua, Daniel K. L. Beethoven & Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199769322.001.0001.
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Beethoven’s music is often associated with freedom. Chua explores the nature of this relationship through an investigation of the philosophical context of Beethoven’s reception and hermeneutic readings of key works. Freedom is arguably the core value of modernity since late eighteenth-century; Beethoven’s music engages with its aspirations and dilemmas, providing a sonic ‘lens’ that enables us to focus on the aesthetic, philosophical, and theological ramifications of its claims of progress and autonomy and the formation of the self and its values. Taking his bearings from Adorno’s fragmentary reflections on Beethoven, Chua charts a journey from the heroic freedom associated with the Eroica Symphony to a freedom of vulnerability that opens itself to ‘otherness’. Chua’s analysis of the music demonstrates how various forms of freedom are embodied in the way time and space are manipulated in Beethoven’s works, providing an experience of a concept that Kant had famously declared inaccessible to sense. Beethoven’s music, then, does not simply mirror freedom; it is a philosophical and poetic engagement with the idea that is as relevant today as it was in the aftermath of the French Revolution.
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Chiari, Sophie. ‘Vat is the clock, Jack?’: Shakespeare and the Technology of Time. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427814.003.0011.
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Sophie Chiari opens the volume’s last section with an exploration of the technology of time in Shakespeare’s plays. For if the lower classes of the Elizabethan society derived their idea of time thanks to public sundials, or, even more frequently in rural areas, to the cycles and rhythms of Nature, the elite benefited from a direct, tactile contact with the new instruments of time. Owning a miniature watch, at the end of the 16th century, was still a privilege, but Shakespeare already records this new habit in his plays. Dwelling on the anxiety of his wealthy Protestant contemporaries, the playwright pays considerable attention to the materiality of the latest time-keeping devices of his era, sometimes introducing unexpected dimensions to the measuring of time. Chiari also explains that the pieces of clockwork that started to be sold in early modern England were often endowed with a highly positive value, as timekeeping was more and more equated with order, harmony and balance. Yet, the mechanization of time was also a means of reminding people that they were to going to die, and the contemplation of mechanical clocks was therefore strongly linked to the medieval trope of contemptus mundi.
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Alston, Richard. The Utopian City in Tacitus’ Agricola. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768098.003.0011.
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This chapter explores Tacitus’ reading of the question of the relationship of the individual to empire in the Agricola. Tacitus constructed an understanding of Rome’s empire as a total system to which there was no spatial or temporal outside. Although it was impossible to imagine Rome without empire, Tacitean ambivalence constructed a third space, neither imperial nor barbarian, in which Tacitus could refuse assimilation into the discourses of empire. Reading the description of the Agricolan city in Agricola 21 alongside the anti-imperial sentiments of Calgacus’ speech (Agricola 30–2), the second section establishes the totalitarian nature of imperial time and space. The concluding section considers the preservation of humanitas in an empire of servitude and argues that Tacitean humanitas is a form of detachment. In comfortable immunitas, the elite could preserve the transcendental values of humanitas, but only through acquiescence in the violent production of imperial spaces and times.
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Anderson, Amanda. A Human Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755821.003.0005.
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The final chapter considers the question of psychology’s challenge to morality in light of larger debates over the value of the humanities. While many of the influential calls for new methods within the literary field therapeutically privilege psychological over moral desiderata in their promotion of new moods of literary appreciation and pleasure, public-facing defenses of the humanities typically stress their moral value, their ability to promote civic virtue and individual moral growth. Surveying the broad conditions affecting the self-understanding of the humanities in literary studies today, this chapter underscores the ability of humanistic thought to capture both the quality and duration of experience (what I identify as moral time) and to take reflective distance on questions of value. As the modern university orients itself toward the grand challenges facing society today, with leading roles assigned to the natural and social sciences, these specific strengths of the humanities become critically important.
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Dorsey, Dale. A Theory of Prudence. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823759.001.0001.
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Much of knowing what to do is knowing what to do for ourselves. But knowing how to act in our best interest is complex‐‐‐we must know what benefits us, what burdens us, and how these facts present and constitute considerations in favor of action. Not only this, we must know how we should weigh our interests at different times‐‐‐past, present, and future. What is needed, then, is a theory of prudence: a theory of how we ought to act when we are acting for ourselves. In this book, Dale Dorsey provides a comprehensive account of prudence, including the metaethics of prudential value, the nature of the personal good, the reasons of prudence, and the structure of prudential normativity over time.
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Warsh, Molly A. American Baroque. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469638973.001.0001.
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Patterns of pearl cultivation and circulation reveal vernacular practices that shaped emerging imperial ideas about value and wealth in the early modern world. Pearls’ variability and subjective beauty posed a profound challenge to the imperial impulse to order and control, underscoring the complexity of governing subjects and objects in the early modern world. Qualitative, evaluative language would play a prominent role in crown officials’ attempts to contain and channel this complexity. The book’s title reflects the evolving significance of the term barrueca (which became “baroque” in English), a word initially employed in the Venezuelan fisheries to describe irregular pearls. Over time, this term lost its close association with the jewel but came to serve as a metaphor for irregular, unbounded expression. Pearls’ enduring importance lies less in the revenue they generated than in the conversations they prompted about the nature of value and the importance of individual skill and judgment, as well as the natural world, in its creation and husbandry. The stories generated by pearls—an unusual, organic jewel—range globally, crossing geographic and imperial boundaries as well as moving across scales, linking the bounded experiences of individuals to the expansion of imperial bureaucracies. These microhistories illuminate the connections between these small- and large-scale historical processes, revealing the connections between empire as envisioned by monarchs, enacted in law, and experienced at sea and on the ground by individuals.
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et, Mokal. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799931.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Modular Approach to the insolvency of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The Modular Approach shares with standard insolvency regimes the core objectives of preserving and maximizing value in the insolvency estate, ensuring distribution over an appropriate period of time of the highest feasible proportion of that value to those individuals and entities entitled to it, providing due accountability for any wrongdoing connected with the insolvency, and enabling discharge of over-indebted natural persons. The Modular Approach differs from standard processes, however, in the way it pursues these objectives. Its basic assumption is that the parties to an insolvency case are best placed to select the tools appropriate to that case. The role of the legal regime should be to make these tools available to the parties in a maximally flexible way, while creating the correct incentives for their deployment.
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Marin, Mara. Care, Oppression, and Marriage as Commitment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498627.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 argues that the sphere of intimate care, which takes shape around the practice of attending to each other’s needs, makes us vulnerable to each other. Providing care requires “skills of flexibility” because needs make demands at times that cannot be easily foreseen, change over time, and have to be interpreted. Under current social arrangements and understandings of value, the labor involved in exercising these skills is made invisible, and thus a condition of mutual vulnerability is disproportionately placed on caregivers. This creates two social groups, caregivers and care receivers, that stand in an oppressive, unjust social relation. Marriage law reform should be guided by the aim of remedying this form of injustice. Marriage law should be modeled on the notion of commitment, which would acknowledge the structural, social relational, and open-ended nature of the claims of justice made on behalf of caregivers.
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Malzkuhn, Matt, and Ted Supalla. Home Movies Hardly Silent. Oxford University PressNew York, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197663172.001.0001.
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Abstract This seminal book on Deaf-made home movies takes readers on a journey through the first fifty years of filmmaking (1925–1970s). It will show how the American Deaf community utilized silent film technology while overcoming its inherent spoken communication barrier through sign language. In this way, a wide range of cultural and literary content was invoked, illustrating the integrated values of both a minority community and the larger society in which they lived. Home movies and the visual nature of emerging cinema technology of the time enabled Deaf people, unlike those outside of their community, to capitalize on this novel technology wherein all cultural activities preserved and shared on film were naturally embedded with sign language. Therefore, the widely held belief that these home movies were silent only because they were without sound was debunked. Deaf people have managed to textualize their language using film technology, and it has become their oral history frozen in time in their exact forms. The importance of home movies for the Deaf community was fully recognized by the National Association of the Deaf, which funded the production of twenty-two films intended to preserve the literary traditions of the community and the formal language register. Views of the Deaf presented in home movies offer a stark contrast to their institutional life as typically depicted on film and validate the idea that films are indeed a superior method for documenting the Deaf community.
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Berkman, Joyce Avrech. Edith Stein's Life in a Jewish Family, 1891–1916. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666991215.
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Edith Stein’s Life in a Jewish Family, 1891–1916 is a treasure trove for the study of Stein’s youth and early adulthood, her approach to writing autobiographically, and her intricate relationship with historical influences of her time and place. Through intellectual mining Stein’s narrative and conducting a comprehensive historical analysis of Stein’s achievement as a distinct type of autobiography, Joyce Avrech Berkman argues that a key axis of Stein’s consciousness, values, philosophical ideas, and life choices is a deep, tense, unresolved, philosophical, and spiritual struggle to both uphold traditional societal and cultural values and practices and also critiquing them to pioneer new patterns of thought. Berkman further probes the sharply controversial nature of Stein’s autobiography for her family members and Stein scholars in the decades after her death. Edith Stein’s Life in a Jewish Family, 1891–1916: A Companion serves as an important guide to scholars in autobiographical studies, history, philosophy, and theology, as well as to a broader readership interested in Stein’s life for religious and cultural reasons.
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Kruse, Hagen, Emmanuel Mensah, Kunal Sen, and Gaaitzen de Vries. A manufacturing renaissance? Industrialization trends in the developing world. 28th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/966-2.
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This paper examines industrialization trends in developing countries. It uses the GGDC/UNU-WIDER Economic Transformation Database, which provides time series of employment and real and nominal value added annually by 12 sectors in 51 countries for the period 1990–2018. Until the early 2000s de-industrialization was widespread, but then the trend reversed. Regressions that control for income and demographic trends suggest significant employment industrialization in developing Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. We explore the nature of this manufacturing renaissance.
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Warner, Keith. “And One for Mahler”. Edited by Robert Gordon. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391374.013.0014.
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The chapter gives an outline of Sondheim’s shows performed in the subsidized theater in Europe and their history up until 2010. Government-funded theaters were once a natural place for experiment, now lack of subsidy prompts the question: are Sondheim’s shows being exploited to be “respectable” crowd pleasers by the up-market venues, or can they retain some of their challenging, conceptual origins? Should they be performed by opera houses at all? (If not there, then where should they be performed?) Is Sondheim’s work a barometer for our theatrical times? In the future, how can theaters retain the real artistic quest of these works by delving more deeply, more challengingly into their conceptual framework? Will the values of commercial theater and financial conservatism dictate how these pieces are produced?
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Timmons, Mark. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808930.003.0001.
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Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics brings together new work on various dimensions of normative ethical theory. This seventh volume features thirteen chapters dealing with practical reasoning, Bernard Williams’s ‘one thought too many’ complaint about impartial ethical theories, the concept of moral right, the wrongness of lying, moral choice under uncertainty, the notion of subjective obligation, commendatory reasons, desire satisfaction and time, a challenge to contractualism, the nature of creditworthiness, partiality toward oneself, the relation between virtue and action, and monism versus pluralism about non-derivative value....
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Mann, Peter. Newton’s Three Laws. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces Newton’s laws, the Newtonian formulation of mechanics and key concepts such as configuration space and phase space for later development. In 1687, the natural philosopher Sir Isaac Newton published the Principia Mathematica and, with it, sparked the revolutionary ideas key to all branches of classical physics. In this chapter, the system is the object of interest and is considered to be either a single or a collection of generic particles that are not governed by quantum mechanics, for quantum systems do not follow these laws explicitly. Results for systems of particles and conservation laws are presented as the invariance of a given quantity under time evolution. The N-body problem, first integrals, initial value problems and Galilean transformations are all introduced and the Picard iteration and the Verlet algorithm are discussed.