Relevant bibliographies by topics / Natural turf / synthetic turf

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Natural turf / synthetic turf'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 September 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Natural turf / synthetic turf"

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Mack, Christina D., Elliott B. Hershman, Robert B. Anderson, et al. "Higher Rates of Lower Extremity Injury on Synthetic Turf Compared With Natural Turf Among National Football League Athletes: Epidemiologic Confirmation of a Biomechanical Hypothesis." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 1 (2018): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518808499.

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Background: Biomechanical studies have shown that synthetic turf surfaces do not release cleats as readily as natural turf, and it has been hypothesized that concomitant increased loading on the foot contributes to the incidence of lower body injuries. This study evaluates this hypothesis from an epidemiologic perspective, examining whether the lower extremity injury rate in National Football League (NFL) games is greater on contemporary synthetic turfs as compared with natural surfaces. Hypothesis: Incidence of lower body injury is higher on synthetic turf than on natural turf among elite NFL
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Karatela, Shamshad, Igor Popovic, Zahra Sobhani, et al. "Rubber Crumb Infill in Synthetic Turf and Health Outcomes: A Review of the Literature on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Metalloids." Epidemiologia 6, no. 1 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia6010004.

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Synthetic turf has become a popular alternative to natural grass due to low upkeep costs; however, its health impacts have not been clearly elucidated. This review examines and consolidates the existing literature on rubber crumb in infill in synthetic turf and its associated adverse health outcomes, along with recommendations for future research. A database search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar of studies on exposures to rubber crumb in infills in synthetic turf. The search focused on epidemiological and toxicological laboratory studies (including
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Caglayan, Atakan. "The Effects of Natural Grass Turf on Some Motoric Characteristics of Young Soccer Players." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 1 (2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i1.3771.

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The aim of this study is to examine the effect of soccer training on natural turfs on strength, speed, power and balance characteristics in prepubertal children. Twenty-two male athletes chosen from the 12-13 age group who play soccer in the youth team of an amateur soccer club from Istanbul, Turkey volunteered to participate in our study. In the study, 30 m sprint, Y-balance, standing long jump and vertical jump tests were done as pre- and post-tests. The same training program was assigned to the players, who were separated into two groups. One group was trained on synthetic grass turf (SG) w
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Jastifer, James R., Andrew S. McNitt, Christina D. Mack, et al. "Synthetic Turf: History, Design, Maintenance, and Athlete Safety." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 1 (2018): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118793378.

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Context: Synthetic turf has become an increasingly common playing surface for athletics and has changed dramatically since its introduction more than 50 years ago. Along with changes to surface design, maintenance needs and recommendations have become more standardized and attentive both to upkeep and player-level factors. In particular, synthetic turf maintenance as it relates to athlete health and safety is an important consideration at all levels of play. Evidence Acquisition: A literature search of MEDLINE and PubMed for publications between the years 1990 and 2018 was conducted. Keywords
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Yue, Chengyan, Manlin Cui, and Chase Straw. "Investigating the Challenges of Managing Natural Turfgrass and Synthetic Turf on Community Sports Fields." HortScience 59, no. 7 (2024): 887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17795-24.

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Both natural turfgrass and synthetic turf fields have distinct advantages and disadvantages and present unique challenges. The challenges evolve over time because of climate change, players’ ever-changing needs, and the development of technologies. It is imperative to identify these challenges and devise effective solutions to overcome them. We conducted a survey of 97 administrators and managers from various organizations in the United States who were responsible for managing community sports fields. Our findings identified budget constraints as the biggest challenge for natural turfgrass fie
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Lenehan, Kurt A., and Dara M. Twomey. "Abrasion testing on synthetic turf: A modified device." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 230, no. 4 (2016): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337115612657.

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Despite the improved quality of synthetic turf surfaces, players are still expressing their discontent with the perceived greater risk of sustaining abrasion injuries on them relative to natural turf. The validity of the current device, the Securisport®, used to measure the abrasiveness of synthetic turf playing surfaces has been challenged based on its unrealistic interaction with the surface throughout testing. It rotates on the surface at a speed of 40 ± 1 r/min. The aim of this study was to compare the abrasion measurements from the current Securisport device with those from a modified dev
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Villanueva, Nathaniel, Ian Chun, Alyssa Fujiwara, Emily Leibovitch, Brennan Yamamoto, and Loren Yamamoto. "Impact Deceleration Differences on Natural Grass Versus Synthetic Turf High School Football Fields." Hawai'i Journal of health & Social Welfare 83, no. 1 (2024): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.62547/hkis1850.

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American football has the highest rate of concussions in United States high school sports. Within American football, impact against the playing surface is the second-most common mechanism of injury. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a difference in impact deceleration between natural grass and synthetic turf high school football fields. A Century Body Opponent Bag (BOB) manikin was equipped with a Riddell football helmet and 3 accelerometers were placed on the forehead, apex of the head, and right ear. The manikin was dropped from a stationary position onto its front, ba
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Tomis, Sara M., Benjamin L. Campbell, Jason J. Henderson, Neil B. Howell, and Victoria H. Wallace. "Impacts of the 2010 Connecticut School Grounds Pesticide Ban a Decade Later: Part 3. Potential Transitions to Synthetic Turf." HortTechnology 35, no. 3 (2025): 281–85. https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05589-24.

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Prohibited by state legislation in 2010, changes in the use of Environmental Protection Agency–registered pesticides on school grounds have impacted management decisions in Connecticut. A survey was distributed to school grounds managers. This is part three of a three-part series that documents grounds maintenance changes, grounds quality, and potential transitions to synthetic turf 10 years after this ban. We inquired about the prospective transition from natural turfgrass fields to synthetic playing surfaces and the driving factors for this transition 10 years after the pesticide ban. Transi
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Petrass, Lauren A., Dara M. Twomey, Jack T. Harvey, Leonie Otago, and Peter LeRossignol. "Comparison of surface temperatures of different synthetic turf systems and natural grass: Have advances in synthetic turf technology made a difference." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 229, no. 1 (2014): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337114553692.

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Harusato, Akihito, and Masashi Kato. "Mechanisms of Generation and Ecological Impacts of Nano- and Microplastics from Artificial Turf Systems in Sports Facilities." Environments 12, no. 4 (2025): 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12040109.

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The worldwide adoption of artificial turf in sports facilities and urban landscapes, alongside the systematic transition from natural grass and soil-based grounds, has raised growing concerns about its contribution to the significant source of nano- and microplastics in ecosystems. This review examines current knowledge on the mechanisms of nano- and microplastic generation from artificial turf systems and their environmental impacts. Combined mechanical stress, ultra-violet radiation, and weathering processes contribute to the breakdown of synthetic grass fibers and infill materials, generati
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural turf / synthetic turf"

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Teixeira, Paulo Jorge Vaz Santos. "Estudo comparativo da incidência de lesões em relvados naturais e relvados sintéticos no futebol amador." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/2515.

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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Fisioterapia<br>O estudo visa analisar a risco de lesão no jogo e no treino, realizados em relvados natural e sintético, em futebolistas amadores, comparando a incidência e etiologia da lesão. A amostra combina 89 jogadores de 4 equipas de futebol. Foi realizado um levantamento dos dados pretendidos em cada clube através de um questionário baseado no F-MARC. A incidência de lesões foi de 68,46/1000h em jogo e de 12,69/1000h em treino. As regiões do corpo mais lesadas foram a cox
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Harper, Richard Eugene. "Development of novel synthetic turf infill materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54346.

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Mitigation of health and heat-build-up issues related to black, granulated crumb rubber infill (GCRI) in synthetic turf fields (STF) while maintaining acceptable impact absorption properties was the central goal of this study. The first step was establishing a STF baseline performance of GCRI samples that originated from several sources while elucidating the synergistic parameters between infill and turf that promulgate acceptable impact performance. Based on the knowledge base built on the GCRI-STF standard, three polymeric waste streams selected for their benign chemical contents, non-black
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Keller, Marcus. "The Fate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Synthetic Field Turf System." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1384454039.

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Severn, Kathryn A. "Science of synthetic turf surfaces : player-surface interactions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7216.

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This research project has investigated the mechanical properties and behaviour of third generation synthetic turf surfaces used for football and rugby, with a focus on the traction behaviour produced at the shoe-surface interface. The physical characteristics and mechanical properties of the component materials used in the construction of third generation surfaces were examined. The bulk density of the rubber infill material was found to be a key variable. This was shown to be influenced by compaction and the resulting compression of the rubber infill material under an applied load. Increasing
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Säberg, Mikael. "Sustainability of Artificial Turf Fields : Comparative life cycle assessment of artificial and natural turf fields." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177901.

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Soccer accounts for a third of the Swedish sports movement with 3 503 fields of both natural and artificial turf. The European Union will make a decision in 2021 on how to handle the issue of rubber performance infill. This infill can be found in artificial turf fields and are used for performance properties. The problem with this infill is the microplastics that spreads into the nature which is considered as toxic. Because of this the EU have decided to either ban or provide mandatory rules to reduce the spread of rubber performance infill. The north and the majority of Sweden’s climate is no
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Caple, Matt C. J. "Mechanical behaviour of natural turf sports surfaces." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7389.

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The understanding of the mechanical behaviour of natural turf pitches is limited, owed in part to the deficiencies in current testing devices and methodologies. This research aimed to advance the understanding of surface mechanical behaviour through in-situ and laboratory experiments, and via the development of new testing devices. An impact testing device, the Dynamic Surface Tester (DST) was developed, with impacts replicating the magnitude of stress applied by athletes onto turfed surfaces during running. Developmental experiments indicated that the device was sensitive to changes in soil c
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Kroen, Kevin. "Next generation golf course : Lakeside Hills synthetic turf study." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1468.

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Young, Colin. "Mechanical and perceived behaviour of synthetic turf field hockey pitches." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16059.

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This research has investigated the behaviour of synthetic turf pitches for field hockey. A combination of mechanical and perceived data collection methods were used to provide an increased understanding of pitch behaviour. A methodology was developed to elicit perceptions from elite field hockey players. Part of the method was an inductive analysis of players responses during a participant led interview. This enabled the development of a 'structured relationship model' which Illustrated five general dimensions. Each general dimension was part of a hierarchical structure formed from base themes
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Smith, Terrance J. "Foot and Ankle Injuries: Artificial Turf vs. Natural grass." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1470240556.

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Hudepohl, Michael R. "Modeling Stormwater Runoff from Synthetic Turf Fields Using HYDRUS and SWMM." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428066302.

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Books on the topic "Natural turf / synthetic turf"

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Council, Sports. Turf pitches - synthetic. Sports Council, 1996.

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England, Sport, ed. Natural turf for sport. Sport England, 2000.

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Dury, Peter L. K. To play like natural turf. Nottinghamshire County Council, Education Department, 1985.

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J, Gibbs R., ed. Natural turf for sport and amenity. CAB International, 1994.

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Gibbs, R. J. Making the most of natural turf pitches. Sports Council, 1987.

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Sport, Sports Council Technical Unit for. Refurbishment of synthetic turf pitches at two national sports centres. Sports Council, 1993.

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Gibbs, R. J. Making the most of natural turf pitches case studies. Sports Council, 1989.

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Gibbs, R. J. Making the most of natural turf pitches case studies. Sports Council, 1989.

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Gibbs, R. J. Making the most of natural turf pitches case studies. Sports Council, 1989.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Tire Crumb Science Workgroup. A scoping-level field monitoring study of synthetic turf fields and playgrounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Natural turf / synthetic turf"

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Serensits, Thomas J., Andrew S. McNitt, and John C. Sorochan. "Synthetic Turf." In Turfgrass: Biology, Use, and Management. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr56.c5.

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Funk, C. Reed, and James F. White. "Use of Natural and Transformed Endophytes for Turf Improvement." In Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0271-9_40.

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Kemešytė, Vilma, Gražina Statkevičiūtė, Nijolė Lemežienė, Gintaras Brazauskas, and Ruslana Ivanciv. "Morphological Variation Between Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Natural Ecotypes." In Quantitative Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and Turf. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9044-4_10.

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Petrović, Mirjana, Zoran Lugić, Zora Dajić-Stevanović, Bojan Anđelković, Jordan Marković, and Vladimir Zornić. "Variability of Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) Natural Populations from Serbia." In Quantitative Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and Turf. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9044-4_7.

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Young, Colin, Paul Fleming, and Neil Dixon. "Test Devices for the Evaluation of Synthetic Turf Pitches for Field Hockey." In The Engineering of Sport 6. Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46050-5_43.

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Sampoux, Jean Paul, Philippe Barre, and Isabelle Litrico. "High-Throughput Genome-Wide Genotyping to Revive the Use of Natural Diversity in Forage and Turf Breeding." In Quantitative Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and Turf. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9044-4_43.

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Stiles, Victoria H., Sharon J. Dixon, and Iain T. James. "An Initial Investigation of Human-Natural Turf Interaction in the Laboratory." In The Engineering of Sport 6. Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-45951-6_46.

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Baert, Joost, and An Ghesquiere. "F1² Performance of Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrass on the Basis of the Composition of a Synthetic Variety." In Sustainable use of Genetic Diversity in Forage and Turf Breeding. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8706-5_77.

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Johnson, Benjamin. "The State of Ammonia Synthesis at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: The Arena for Discovery." In Making Ammonia. Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85532-1_9.

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AbstractWhen Fritz Haber took up the problem of ammonia synthesis in 1903 there were several methods of obtaining fixed nitrogen, both naturally and through synthesis in chemical reactions. The main natural sources were Chile saltpeter (sodium nitrate from South America) and ammonium sulfate from gas works and coking (and still some guano).
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Durand, Jean-Louis, Thierry Bariac, Youri Rothfuss, Patricia Richard, Philippe Biron, and François Gastal. "Investigating the Competition for Water and the Depth of Water Extraction in Multispecies Grasslands Using 18O Natural Abundance." In Sustainable use of Genetic Diversity in Forage and Turf Breeding. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8706-5_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Natural turf / synthetic turf"

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Da Man, Yongxia Bao, Guohua Hou, Xiujie Ma, Liebao Han, and Yongji Du. "The effect of traffic on the quality of natural-artificial turf." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5775693.

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Jia, Xinhua, Michael D. Dukes, and Grady L. Miller. "Temperature Increase on Synthetic Turf Grass." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)240.

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Kostenko, Sergey, and Ekaterina Sedova. "Perennial cereal grasses and their use for sod coverings of runways for small aviation." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2025. https://doi.org/10.33814/mak-2024-33-81-135-140.

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Historically, the first airplanes used natural lawns for takeoff or landing. As the speed of aircraft increased, so did the speed of the aircraft during takeoff and landing. This led to increased requirements for the grass on these already specialized sites. The grounds had to be more even, without bumps and hollows, the grass stand of constant height, not very high. There were to be no gaps in the turf, because in rainy weather there would be a puddle of mud in which the wheels could get stuck. With the next increase in speeds and the adoption of helicopters and jet engines, the requirements
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Griffen, Craig. "Surf and Turf: Integrating Resilient Design Early in the Curriculum." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.94.

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Recent reports paint an increasingly grimmer picture about the pace of climate change. While we cannot back off from efforts to reduce carbon, we now recognize it is too late to stop the coming changes. Therefore, it feels ethically necessary to modify our teaching strategies to train future architects early on not just how to build more sustainably, but also how to deal with harsh environmental conditions they will encounter in coming decades. This paper describes pedagogical revisions that link a second-year studio and a building technology course with the goal of introducing and applying pr
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Griffin, Craig. "Surf and Turf: Integrating Resilient Design Early in the Curriculum." In 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.7.

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Recent reports paint an increasingly grimmer picture about the pace of climate change. While we cannot back off from efforts to reduce carbon, we now recognize it is too late to stop the coming changes. Therefore, it feels ethically necessary to modify our teaching strategies to train future architects early on not just how to build more sustainably, but also how to deal with harsh environmental conditions they will encounter in coming decades. This paper describes pedagogical revisions that link a second-year studio and a building technology course with the goal of introducing and applying pr
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Cooley, Bradford, Christopher Thornton, and Steven Hughes. "Concrete-Enhanced Synthetic Turf Revetment System—An Innovative Technology for Protecting Coastal Structures." In Coastal Structures and Solutions to Coastal Disasters Joint Conference 2015. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480304.092.

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Mantas, Vasco M., and George Xian. "Land Surface Temperature Differences Between Natural and Artificial Turf Sports Fields as Estimated from Satellite: Examples from the United States and Europe." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554145.

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O'Mahony, Johannah, Catherine Lai, and Simon King. "Synthesising turn-taking cues using natural conversational data." In 12th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW2023). ISCA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/ssw.2023-12.

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BALEŽENTIENĖ, Ligita. "THE SCALE OF ECOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN URBAN AMATEUR GARDENS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.093.

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Though urban areas globally cover only about 3% of the earth’s land surface, the UAGs have received a little attention with regards to their ecological facilities. The main aim of this study remains to assess and compare the choice of ecological management options, which guidelines to improvement of environmental-friendly forms of gardening provided by two different UAGs, e.g. Užuovėja (U) and Nemunas (N) in Kaunas distr., central Lithuania. The gardeners were interviewed to identify their preference of different gardening means and reasons for their ecological choices using a questionnaire (n
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Wei, Feng, Jerrod E. Braman, Brian T. Weaver, and Roger C. Haut. "Determination of In Vivo Ankle Ligament Strains During External Rotation of the Foot." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53395.

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Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the properties of shoe-surface interface conditions on natural grass and synthetic turfs [2,7,9]. It is suggested that ankle injuries are related to the torque generated in the joint. Recently, our laboratory has developed a surrogate ankle [10] for use with a rotational traction measurement apparatus on various surfaces [9]. External rotation, commonly thought as the mechanism of a high ankle sprain in football, is applied to the surrogate foot and the resistive torque is measured. The study suggests that synthetic turfs generate higher ankle t
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Reports on the topic "Natural turf / synthetic turf"

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Yukawa, Harutoshi, Haruki Koshi, and Shozo Kawamura. Proposing a Two-Dimensional Dynamic Force Reduction Value of Synthetic Turf. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317558.

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Sutipatanasomboon, Arpaporn. Ultimate guide on Clegg Impact Testers. ConductScience, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20220727.

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A Clegg Impact Tester, also known as a Clegg Hammer, is a portable device invented by Dr. Baden Clegg to assess surface shock absorption and bearing capacity. It measures the strength of soils, aggregates, and synthetic materials for roads and sports surfaces. The tester consists of a compaction hammer, guiding tube, and piezoelectric accelerometer. It quantifies a surface's ability to withstand structural load and offers insights into strength, stiffness, and stability. The hammer is dropped from a specific height, and its impact is measured. Clegg Impact Testers are used for various applicat
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Prusky, Dov, Noel Keen, and John Browse. Modulation of the synthesis of the main preformed antifungal compound as abasis for the prevention of postharvest disease of C. gloeosporioides in avocado fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575273.bard.

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The most important pathological factor limiting fruit life after harvest in subtropical fruits are quiescent infections of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Prusky and Keen elucidated the mechanism of resistance in avocado fruits to quiescent infections of C. gloeosporioides and determined that the major biocide involved is the preformed compound,1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-13, 15 diene. Two possibilities exist for maintaining fungitoxic levels of antifungal compounds in the tissue of ripening fruits: (i). Prevention of catabolism (ii). Induction of synthesis. Previ
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Kneale, Dylan, James Thomas, Mukdarut Bangpan, Hugh Waddington, and David Gough. Causal chain analysis in systematic reviews of international development interventions. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cip4.

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Understanding the extent to which an intervention ‘works’ can provide compelling evidence to decision-makers, although without an accompanying explanation of how an intervention works, this evidence can be difficult to apply in other settings, ultimately impeding its usefulness in making judicious and evidence-informed decisions. In this paper, we describe causal chain analysis as involving the development of a logic model, which outlines graphically a hypothesis of how an intervention leads to a change in an outcome. This logic model is then used to anchor subsequent decisions in the systemat
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Fridman, Eyal, and Eran Pichersky. Tomato Natural Insecticides: Elucidation of the Complex Pathway of Methylketone Biosynthesis. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696543.bard.

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Plant species synthesize a multitude of specialized compounds 10 help ward off pests. and these in turn may well serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides to reduce environmental damage and health risks to humans. The general goal of this research was to perform a genetic and biochemical dissection of the natural-insecticides methylketone pathway that is specific to the glandular trichomes of the wild species of tomato, Solanumhabrochaites f. glabratum (accession PI126449). Previous study conducted by us have demonstrated that these compounds are synthesized de novo as a derivate pathway
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Koven, William, Gordon Grau, Benny Ron, and Tetsuya Hirano. Improving fry quality, survival and growth in commercially farmed fish by dietary stimulation of thyroid hormone production in premetamorphosing larvae. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695856.bard.

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There is a direct correlation between successful metamorphosis from larvae to post-larvae and the quality of the resultant juveniles or fry. Juvenile quality, in turn, is a major factor influencing fish production level and market price. However, following the profound morphological and physiological changes occurring during metamorphosis, the emerging juveniles in some species characteristically demonstrate heterotrophic growth, poor pigmentation, cannibalism and generally poor survival. The white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) in Israel and the Pacific threadfin (Polydactylussexfilis) in Hawai
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O'Connell, Kelly, David Burdick, Melissa Vaccarino, Colin Lock, Greg Zimmerman, and Yakuta Bhagat. Coral species inventory at War in the Pacific National Historical Park: Final report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302040.

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The War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA), a protected area managed by the National Park Service (NPS), was established "to commemorate the bravery and sacrifice of those participating in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater of World War II and to conserve and interpret outstanding natural, scenic, and historic values on the island of Guam." Coral reef systems present in the park represent a vital element of Guam?s cultural, traditional, and economical heritage, and as such, are precious and in need of conservation. To facilitate the management of these resources, NPS determined t
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NTP Research Report on Synthetic Turf/Recycled Tire Crumb Rubber: Feasibility Study in Support of Non-inhalation In Vivo Exposures of Synthetic Turf/Recycled Tire Crumb Rubber. NIEHS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/ntp-rr-13.

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NTP Research Report on Synthetic Turf/Recycled Tire Crumb Rubber: Characterization of the Biological Activity of Crumb Rubber In Vitro. NIEHS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/ntp-rr-12.

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NTP Research Report on Synthetic Turf/Recycled Tire Crumb Rubber: 14 Day Exposure Characterization Studies of Crumb Rubber in Female Mice Housed on Mixed Bedding or Dosed via Feed or Oral Gavage. NIEHS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/ntp-rr-14.

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