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Journal articles on the topic 'Natural turf / synthetic turf'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Mack, Christina D., Elliott B. Hershman, Robert B. Anderson, et al. "Higher Rates of Lower Extremity Injury on Synthetic Turf Compared With Natural Turf Among National Football League Athletes: Epidemiologic Confirmation of a Biomechanical Hypothesis." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 1 (2018): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518808499.

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Background: Biomechanical studies have shown that synthetic turf surfaces do not release cleats as readily as natural turf, and it has been hypothesized that concomitant increased loading on the foot contributes to the incidence of lower body injuries. This study evaluates this hypothesis from an epidemiologic perspective, examining whether the lower extremity injury rate in National Football League (NFL) games is greater on contemporary synthetic turfs as compared with natural surfaces. Hypothesis: Incidence of lower body injury is higher on synthetic turf than on natural turf among elite NFL

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Karatela, Shamshad, Igor Popovic, Zahra Sobhani, et al. "Rubber Crumb Infill in Synthetic Turf and Health Outcomes: A Review of the Literature on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Metalloids." Epidemiologia 6, no. 1 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia6010004.

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Synthetic turf has become a popular alternative to natural grass due to low upkeep costs; however, its health impacts have not been clearly elucidated. This review examines and consolidates the existing literature on rubber crumb in infill in synthetic turf and its associated adverse health outcomes, along with recommendations for future research. A database search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar of studies on exposures to rubber crumb in infills in synthetic turf. The search focused on epidemiological and toxicological laboratory studies (including

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3

Caglayan, Atakan. "The Effects of Natural Grass Turf on Some Motoric Characteristics of Young Soccer Players." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 1 (2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i1.3771.

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The aim of this study is to examine the effect of soccer training on natural turfs on strength, speed, power and balance characteristics in prepubertal children. Twenty-two male athletes chosen from the 12-13 age group who play soccer in the youth team of an amateur soccer club from Istanbul, Turkey volunteered to participate in our study. In the study, 30 m sprint, Y-balance, standing long jump and vertical jump tests were done as pre- and post-tests. The same training program was assigned to the players, who were separated into two groups. One group was trained on synthetic grass turf (SG) w

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Jastifer, James R., Andrew S. McNitt, Christina D. Mack, et al. "Synthetic Turf: History, Design, Maintenance, and Athlete Safety." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 1 (2018): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118793378.

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Context: Synthetic turf has become an increasingly common playing surface for athletics and has changed dramatically since its introduction more than 50 years ago. Along with changes to surface design, maintenance needs and recommendations have become more standardized and attentive both to upkeep and player-level factors. In particular, synthetic turf maintenance as it relates to athlete health and safety is an important consideration at all levels of play. Evidence Acquisition: A literature search of MEDLINE and PubMed for publications between the years 1990 and 2018 was conducted. Keywords

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Yue, Chengyan, Manlin Cui, and Chase Straw. "Investigating the Challenges of Managing Natural Turfgrass and Synthetic Turf on Community Sports Fields." HortScience 59, no. 7 (2024): 887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17795-24.

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Both natural turfgrass and synthetic turf fields have distinct advantages and disadvantages and present unique challenges. The challenges evolve over time because of climate change, players’ ever-changing needs, and the development of technologies. It is imperative to identify these challenges and devise effective solutions to overcome them. We conducted a survey of 97 administrators and managers from various organizations in the United States who were responsible for managing community sports fields. Our findings identified budget constraints as the biggest challenge for natural turfgrass fie

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Lenehan, Kurt A., and Dara M. Twomey. "Abrasion testing on synthetic turf: A modified device." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 230, no. 4 (2016): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337115612657.

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Despite the improved quality of synthetic turf surfaces, players are still expressing their discontent with the perceived greater risk of sustaining abrasion injuries on them relative to natural turf. The validity of the current device, the Securisport®, used to measure the abrasiveness of synthetic turf playing surfaces has been challenged based on its unrealistic interaction with the surface throughout testing. It rotates on the surface at a speed of 40 ± 1 r/min. The aim of this study was to compare the abrasion measurements from the current Securisport device with those from a modified dev

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Villanueva, Nathaniel, Ian Chun, Alyssa Fujiwara, Emily Leibovitch, Brennan Yamamoto, and Loren Yamamoto. "Impact Deceleration Differences on Natural Grass Versus Synthetic Turf High School Football Fields." Hawai'i Journal of health & Social Welfare 83, no. 1 (2024): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.62547/hkis1850.

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American football has the highest rate of concussions in United States high school sports. Within American football, impact against the playing surface is the second-most common mechanism of injury. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a difference in impact deceleration between natural grass and synthetic turf high school football fields. A Century Body Opponent Bag (BOB) manikin was equipped with a Riddell football helmet and 3 accelerometers were placed on the forehead, apex of the head, and right ear. The manikin was dropped from a stationary position onto its front, ba

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Tomis, Sara M., Benjamin L. Campbell, Jason J. Henderson, Neil B. Howell, and Victoria H. Wallace. "Impacts of the 2010 Connecticut School Grounds Pesticide Ban a Decade Later: Part 3. Potential Transitions to Synthetic Turf." HortTechnology 35, no. 3 (2025): 281–85. https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05589-24.

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Prohibited by state legislation in 2010, changes in the use of Environmental Protection Agency–registered pesticides on school grounds have impacted management decisions in Connecticut. A survey was distributed to school grounds managers. This is part three of a three-part series that documents grounds maintenance changes, grounds quality, and potential transitions to synthetic turf 10 years after this ban. We inquired about the prospective transition from natural turfgrass fields to synthetic playing surfaces and the driving factors for this transition 10 years after the pesticide ban. Transi

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Petrass, Lauren A., Dara M. Twomey, Jack T. Harvey, Leonie Otago, and Peter LeRossignol. "Comparison of surface temperatures of different synthetic turf systems and natural grass: Have advances in synthetic turf technology made a difference." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 229, no. 1 (2014): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337114553692.

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Harusato, Akihito, and Masashi Kato. "Mechanisms of Generation and Ecological Impacts of Nano- and Microplastics from Artificial Turf Systems in Sports Facilities." Environments 12, no. 4 (2025): 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12040109.

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The worldwide adoption of artificial turf in sports facilities and urban landscapes, alongside the systematic transition from natural grass and soil-based grounds, has raised growing concerns about its contribution to the significant source of nano- and microplastics in ecosystems. This review examines current knowledge on the mechanisms of nano- and microplastic generation from artificial turf systems and their environmental impacts. Combined mechanical stress, ultra-violet radiation, and weathering processes contribute to the breakdown of synthetic grass fibers and infill materials, generati

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Massey, Rachel, Lindsey Pollard, Molly Jacobs, Joy Onasch, and Homero Harari. "Artificial Turf Infill: A Comparative Assessment of Chemical Contents." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 30, no. 1 (2020): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291120906206.

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Concerns have been raised regarding toxic chemicals found in tire crumb used as infill in artificial turf and other play surfaces. A hazard-based analysis was conducted, comparing tire crumb with other materials marketed as alternative infills. These include other synthetic polymers as well as plant- and mineral-based materials. The comparison focused on the presence, absence, number, and concentration of chemicals of concern. No infill material was clearly free of concerns, but several are likely to be somewhat safer than tire crumb. Some alternative materials contain some of the same chemica

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Ford, Kevin R., Neil A. Manson, Blake J. Evans, et al. "Comparison of in-shoe foot loading patterns on natural grass and synthetic turf." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 9, no. 6 (2006): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.019.

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Mottadelli, Luca, Charles Wilkes, and Sachin Mandavkar. "Use of high-performance turf reinforcement Mats for erosion protection." E3S Web of Conferences 569 (2024): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456909002.

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High-Performance Turf Reinforcement Mats (HPTRM) are a specific type of geocomposite used for erosion protection. These innovative products are 3D mats made up mainly of synthetic fibers, which are combined with synthetic or metallic reinforcement to create a strong, durable material that can withstand the forces of water and soil movement. Their purpose is to enhance the topsoil resistance and support the natural vegetation of a slope. HPTRMs serve multiple purposes. They act as physical barriers, absorbing water, and wind impact on soil. They also curtail soil loss, fostering vegetation grow

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Silva, Diogo C. F., Rubim Santos, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Rui Macedo, António Mesquita Montes, and Andreia S. P. Sousa. "Influence of Cleats-Surface Interaction on the Performance and Risk of Injury in Soccer: A Systematic Review." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1305479.

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Objective. To review the influence of cleats-surface interaction on the performance and risk of injury in soccer athletes. Design. Systematic review. Data Sources. Scopus, Web of science, PubMed, and B-on. Eligibility Criteria. Full experimental and original papers, written in English that studied the influence of soccer cleats on sports performance and injury risk in artificial or natural grass. Results. Twenty-three articles were included in this review: nine related to performance and fourteen to injury risk. On artificial grass, the soft ground model on dry and wet conditions and the turf

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Cawley, Patrick W., Robert S. Heidt, Pierce E. Scranton, Gary M. Losse, and Mark E. Howard. "Physiologic Axial Load, Frictional Resistance, and the Football Shoe—Surface Interface." Foot & Ankle International 24, no. 7 (2003): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070302400705.

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The purpose of this investigation was to report on the interaction between different types of athletic shoes and playing surfaces using physiologic loads of 40 and 220 lbs. This is a continuation of our previous report using a load of 25 lbs. Nine shoes by three manufacturers were characterized as turf, court, molded cleat, or traditional cleat and tested on both natural grass and synthetic turf. A specially designed pneumatic testing device was used in order to measure translational resistance and rotational torque of the shoe-surface interface. Measurements were acquired for 1) force-X descr

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Thoms, Adam W., James T. Brosnan, Max R. Paquette, Songning Zhang, and John C. Sorochan. "A New Device for Simulating Athlete-to-Surface Interactions on Natural and Synthetic Turf." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 41, no. 3 (2013): 20120103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20120103.

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Lulli, Filippo, Claudia de Bertoldi, Roberto Armeni, Lorenzo Guglielminetti, and Marco Volterrani. "Warm-season Turfgrass Species Generate Sports Surfaces with Different Playability." HortTechnology 24, no. 6 (2014): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.6.749.

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Synthetic sports surfaces are increasingly subject to standardization of athlete-surface and ball-surface interactions (playability parameters). Such standardizations have led to an increase in the level of the engineering and predictability of these surfaces, and as such may be beneficial also for natural turf. In warm and temperate climates, many natural turf sports surfaces are established with warm-season (C4) turfgrass species due to their suitability to the environment in such areas. This study was aimed at evaluating the Féderation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)-standard

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18

Kaminski, John E., Peter H. Dernoeden, and Cale A. Bigelow. "Soil Amendments and Fertilizer Source Effects on Creeping Bentgrass Establishment, Soil Microbial Activity, Thatch, and Disease." HortScience 39, no. 3 (2004): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.3.620.

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Natural organic fertilizers require microbial degradation for nitrogen (N) release, but their ability to promote rapid turfgrass establishment has not been well documented in newly constructed sand-based rootzones. This 2-year field study evaluated the influence of two general fertilizer and soil amendment programs for their effect on establishment and quality of three creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivars—`Crenshaw', `Penn G-2', and `Providence'. Turf was grown on a 4 sand: 1 sphagnum peat (by volume) rootzone mixture. Four treatments consisting of surface-applied synthetic f

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BATHALA, DR LAKSHMANA RAO. "“KNOW THE TURF, BEFORE YOU RUN”- THE BONE ERSATZ MATERIALS- A NARRATIVE REVIEW." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, no. 03 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem02101.

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Bone substitutes are important in dentistry in various applications such as periodontal regeneration, alveolar growth and implant placement. Each type of bone replacement has unique characteristics, advantages and disadvantages that must be considered based on the clinical scenario. Ongoing material science research and advances continue to improve the performance and safety of these materials. Bone substitutes are materials used to replace missing bone or to support bone healing and regeneration in several areas of medicine, including dentistry. They can be natural or synthetic and are used w

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20

Howard, Mark, Hyunwoo Paco Kang, Samantha Solaru, Alexander E. Weber, and Mark F. Rick C. "The Effect Of Playing Surface On Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury In NCAA Soccer." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 3_suppl2 (2020): 2325967120S0012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00125.

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Objectives: Previous orthopaedic literature has examined the effect of synthetic playing surfaces on the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in athletes and produced varying and inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to examine the role of playing surface on the incidence and risk of ACL injury in collegiate soccer athletes. Methods: The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) database was queried for ACL injuries for male and female soccer players from the 2004-05 through the 2013-14 seasons at all levels of competition. The number of athlete exposures (AEs), defined

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21

Christians, Nick E., and Dianna L. Liu. "THE USE OF CORN GLUTEN MEAL AS A NATURAL “WEED AND FEED” MATERIAL FOR TURF." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 587g—588. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.587g.

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Field and greenhouse studies on the use of a byproduct of the corn (Zea mays L.) wet-milling process, corn gluten meal, have shown that this high-protein fraction of corn grain contains an organic compound that inhibits root formation of a variety of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Seeds that germinate in a soil media to which corn gluten meal has been added form normal shoots, but no roots. The seedling quickly dies as the media drys. This inhibition of root formation can be timed to prevent the establishment of weeds in turf areas and other plant systems. Corn gluten meal also c

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Ford, Kevin R., Neil A. Manson, Blake Evans, et al. "Comparison of In-Shoe Foot Loading Patterns in Football Players on Natural Grass and Synthetic Turf." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (2006): S24—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-00993.

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GULLU, Esin, Abdulsamet EFDAL, Abdullah GULLU, and Ihsan CETIN. "Evaluation of blood metal levels of hockey teams after playing on synthetic turf fields." Universa Medicina 42, no. 3 (2023): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.255-262.

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Background Artificial turf fields are widely used as an alternative to natural grass in many areas such as parks, playgrounds, and playing fields. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of the chemicals contained in the fields consisting of artificial turf and crumb rubber on the blood metal levels in field hockey players. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 28 apparently healthy men aged 20-25 years who participated in this study voluntarily. They consisted of 17 field hockey athletes [athlete group (AG)] and 11 sedentary males [control group (CG)]. B

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Bennett, Hunter J., Elizabeth Brock, James T. Brosnan, John C. Sorochan, and Songning Zhang. "Effects of Two Football Stud Types on Knee and Ankle Kinetics of Single-Leg Land-Cut and 180° Cut Movements on Infilled Synthetic Turf." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 5 (2015): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0203.

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Higher ACL injury rates have been recorded in cleats with higher torsional resistance in American football, which warrants better understanding of shoe/stud-dependent joint kinetics. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in knee and ankle kinetics during single-leg land cuts and 180° cuts on synthetic infilled turf while wearing 3 types of shoes. Fourteen recreational football players performed single-leg land cuts and 180° cuts in nonstudded running shoes (RS) and in football shoes with natural (NTS) and synthetic turf studs (STS). Knee and ankle kinetic variables were analyz

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Michele, Rocco Di, Anastasio M. Di Renzo, Sandro Ammazzalorso, and Franco Merni. "Comparison of Physiological Responses to an Incremental Running Test on Treadmill, Natural Grass, and Synthetic Turf in Young Soccer Players." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23, no. 3 (2009): 939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a07b6e.

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Valeriani, Federica, Lory Marika Margarucci, Gianluca Gianfranceschi, et al. "Artificial-turf surfaces for sport and recreational activities: microbiota analysis and 16S sequencing signature of synthetic vs natural soccer fields." Heliyon 5, no. 8 (2019): e02334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02334.

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27

Jones, Adam, Chris Brogden, Richard Page, Ben Langley, and Matt Greig. "The Influence of Soccer Playing Surface on the Loading Response to Ankle (P)Rehabilitation Exercises." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 1 (2021): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0199.

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Context: Contemporary synthetic playing surfaces have been associated with an increased risk of ankle injury in the various types of football. Triaxial accelerometers facilitate in vivo assessment of planar mechanical loading on the player. Objective: To quantify the influence of playing surface on the PlayerLoad elicited during footwork and plyometric drills focused on the mechanism of ankle injury. Design: Repeated-measures, field-based design. Setting: Regulation soccer pitches. Participants: A total of 15 amateur soccer players (22.1 [2.4] y), injury free with ≥6 years competitive experien

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Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli, Shadi Eskandari, Heidar Sajedi, and Valdeci Carlos Dionisio. "Long-term effects of running exercises on natural grass, artificial turf, and synthetic surfaces on ground reaction force components in individuals with overpronated feet: A randomized controlled trial." Gait & Posture 109 (March 2024): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.01.016.

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Stiles, Victoria H., Iain T. James, Sharon J. Dixon, and Igor N. Guisasola. "Natural Turf Surfaces." Sports Medicine 39, no. 1 (2009): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939010-00005.

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Kent, Richard, Jared Yoder, Cody M. O'Cain, et al. "Force-limiting and the mechanical response of natural turfgrass used in the National Football League: A step toward the elimination of differential lower limb injury risk on synthetic turf." Journal of Biomechanics 127 (October 2021): 110670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110670.

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31

Costa, João Pedro Rebouças da, and Juliano Paiva de Brito. "PREVALÊNCIA DE LESÕES EM JOGADORES DE FUTEBOL EM GRAMADO SINTÉTICO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA." Revista ft 29, no. 145 (2025): 15–16. https://doi.org/10.69849/revistaft/dt10202504222215.

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ABSTRACT Soccer is a sport of high physical demand, characterized by fast, intense movements and sudden changes in direction. Among the factors contributing to the occurrence of injuries in this practice, the type of playing surface has proven to be relevant, as it can significantly increase the risk of trauma, especially on artificial fields. The literature reports an approximate prevalence of five injuries per thousand hours of training. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of injuries in soccer players who play on synthetic turf. This is an integrat

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Peacock, Charles H., and Paul F. Daniel. "A Comparison of Turfgrass Response to Biologically Amended Fertilizers." HortScience 27, no. 8 (1992): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.8.883.

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Initial release of N from waste materials used as natural organic N carriers for turfgrass may be slow due to the need for microbial degradation. In a greenhouse study, `Rebel' tall fescue (Festucau arundinacea Schreb.) and `Tifway' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] growth response to a natural organic fertilizer (Turf Restore) amended or not amended with a soil-derived microbiological inoculum were compared with soluble urea using sterilized and nonsterilized soil. No interactions of soil sterilization and fertilizers were noted at 19 days after treatme

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F. Vineyard, Michael, Scott M. LaBrake, Sajju Chalise, Morgan L. Clark, Skye T. Conlan, and Zachary H. Porat. "PIXE Analysis of Synthetic Turf." Environment and Ecology Research 6, no. 1 (2018): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/eer.2018.060105.

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Fleming, P. "Synthetic turf developments in Europe." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (January 2010): e209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.437.

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Milner, Ed. "Funding Synthetic Turf Playing Fields." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 56, no. 3 (1985): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1985.10603730.

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Alex Tullo. "ExxonMobil will recycle synthetic turf." C&EN Global Enterprise 100, no. 35 (2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10035-buscon8.

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Calloway, Sean P., David M. Hardin, Matthew D. Crawford, et al. "Injury Surveillance in Major League Soccer: A 4-Year Comparison of Injury on Natural Grass Versus Artificial Turf Field." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 10 (2019): 2279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519860522.

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Background: Artificial playing surfaces are becoming more common due to decreased cost of maintenance and increased field usability across different environmental conditions. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has approved newer generation artificial turf for soccer competition at the elite level, but many elite-level athletes prefer to play on natural grass surfaces due to a perceived increase in injury rate, discomfort, and fatigability on artificial turf. Hypothesis: Injury rates and rates of individually categorized types of injury experienced on artificial turf a

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Pine, Devera. "Artificial vs Natural Turf." Physician and Sportsmedicine 19, no. 8 (1991): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1991.11702235.

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Ponce-Bordón, José C., Jorge Polo-Tejada, Borja Sanabria-Pino, Ana Rubio-Morales, Tomás García-Calvo, and David Lobo-Triviño. "The Influence of the Playing Surface on Workload Response in Spanish Professional Male Soccer Players." Sensors 24, no. 14 (2024): 4506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24144506.

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This study aimed to quantify the influence of the playing surface on workload-related variables (i.e., external load, Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and mental load) in training sessions with a Spanish professional soccer team. Twenty professional male players from the same soccer team were involved. A total of thirty training sessions related to the preseason period were included. All the players completed training sessions on three playing surfaces: natural turf of poor quality, natural turf of high quality, and third-generation artificial turf. Monitoring during sessions involved assessi

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Nunome, Hiroyuki, Koichiro Inoue, Kevin Ball, Shinya Sano, and Yasuo Ikegami. "High Load Stress-Strain Property of Natural Turf for Professional Use, Various Types of Natural, Hybrid and Artificial Turfs in Football." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049142.

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High load quasi stress-strain (qSS) properties of professionally maintained natural turf (N-pro) was compared with eight natural, hybrid or artificial turfs: one professionally maintained natural turf in a sub field and one grown in a test field without maintenance, two hybrid turfs (one in the sub field and one grown in the test field without maintenance), three new artificial turfs (sand, rubber and sand/rubber infill) and one aged artificial turf (eight years old with sand/rubber infill). N-pro was characterized with a distinctive magnitude of plastic deformation and hysteresis profile, ind

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Sanchez-Sanchez, Javier, Alejandro Martinez-Rodriguez, Jose Luis Felipe, et al. "Effect of Natural Turf, Artificial Turf, and Sand Surfaces on Sprint Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (2020): 9478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249478.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of natural turf, artificial turf, and sand on sprint performance in different sports and to determine how the sport surface affects sprint performance. A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, Web of Sciences, and SPORTDiscus databases. Out of 5644 studies, 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were very heterogeneous, as they examined different structural characteristics or quality parameters. The studies on natural turf and sand showed significant improvements on sprint speed during training. On the other hand, the a

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Villacañas, Víctor, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Jorge García-Unanue, Jorge López, and Leonor Gallardo. "The influence of various types of artificial turfs on football fields and their effects on the thermal profile of surfaces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 231, no. 1 (2016): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337115624819.

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Surfaces of artificial turf have been continuously improved to resemble the characteristics and properties of natural grass. Nevertheless, these improvements are still unable to prevent the turf from reaching higher temperatures than natural grass. This situation results in customer dissatisfaction, decreased performance and the possibility of causing heat-related injuries. The aim of this study was to check how various structural components such as the type of fibre, the type of infill, the age of the turf and the hours of use influence the temperature (°C) of artificial turf football fields.

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Taylor, Jacob, Lambert McCarty, and Robert Kerr. "Exploring Natural Alternatives for Annual Bluegrass Control." Horticulturae 7, no. 10 (2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7100365.

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A field experiment was conducted to identify and examine the effectiveness of potential non-traditional chemical products and alternatives for controlling annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), a plant with increasing herbicide resistant problems. In managed turf systems annual bluegrass can be a difficult winter annual weed to control having negative impacts on turfgrass quality. This study included 12 different treatments [untreated check, baking soda, white vinegar + lemon juice, Suppress herbicide, superphosphate (0-20-0), clove oil, Weed Zap, Avenger Weed Killer, Fiesta Turf Weed Killer, Ecolog

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Simcox, Nancy J., Anne Bracker, Gary Ginsberg, et al. "Synthetic Turf Field Investigation in Connecticut." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 74, no. 17 (2011): 1133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2011.586941.

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Kaalund, Søren, and Pascal Madeleine. "Effects of Shock-Absorbing Insoles During Transition from Natural Grass to Artificial Turf in Young Soccer Players." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 5 (2014): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.5.444.

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Background Playing soccer on artificial turf can provoke pain in young players. Using shock-absorbing insoles (SAIs) can result in decreased pain perception. We sought to investigate the pain and comfort intensity experienced during the switch from natural grass to third-generation artificial turf and with the use of SAIs on artificial turf during training in young soccer players. Methods In a prospective randomized controlled study, 75 players were included from the youth teams of U15, U17, and U19. Pain intensity and comfort were assessed after training on only grass turf for 3 months. Rando

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Xiao, Yong Qiang, and Ying Xue Cao. "Study on Thermal Environment of Sports Field in Different Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.538.

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Natural lawn and artificial turf, which have a great difference on practical function and thermal environment characteristics, are widely used in sports field. In order to obtain the quantitative differences on thermal environment in summer, instrumental measurement and questionnaires are used in this paper to investigate the thermal environmental characteristics of natural lawn and artificial turf, respectively. Meanwhile human thermal sensation in the two lawns was also evaluated. The results show that the foliar surface temperature and mean air temperature in artificial turf is significantl

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Cumberbatch, Iman S., Leonard Richardson, Emma Grant-Bier, et al. "Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass: A Case Study of Environmental Effects, Health Risks, Safety, and Cost." Sustainability 17, no. 14 (2025): 6292. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146292.

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While natural grass has been a reliable recreational surface for decades, artificial turf has gained popularity due to its durability, supposed ability to save water, and lower associated costs for municipalities and schools. Growing environmental and health concerns associated with artificial turf have prompted a necessary comparison of the environmental impact, chemical exposure, injury rates, surface heat, and costs of turf with natural grass. The township of Verona, New Jersey, engaged the PSEG Institute for Sustainability Studies’ Green Teams Program interns to perform an environmental im

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Loughran, Galvin J., Christian T. Vulpis, Jordan P. Murphy, et al. "Incidence of Knee Injuries on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass in National Collegiate Athletic Association American Football: 2004-2005 Through 2013-2014 Seasons." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 6 (2019): 1294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519833925.

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Background: The use of artificial turf in American football continues to grow in popularity, and the effect of these playing surfaces on athletic injuries remains controversial. Knee injuries account for a significant portion of injuries in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football league; however, the effect of artificial surfaces on knee injuries remains ill-defined. Hypothesis: There is no difference in the rate or mechanism of knee ligament and meniscal injuries during NCAA football events on natural grass and artificial turf playing surfaces. Study Design: Descriptive e

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Alipour Ataabadi, Yasamin, Heydar Sadeghi, Mohammad Hosein Alizadeh, and Mehdi Khaleghi. "Comparing Biomechanical Risk Factors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury of Elite Female Soccer Players During the Shearing Maneuver and Header on the Natural Grass and Artificial Turf." Journal of Exercise Science and Medicine 11, no. 1 (2020): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jesm.11.1.7.

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Introduction: Nowadays, the use of artificial turf fields has become widespread. Given the high prevalence of noncontact injuries among female soccer players and high contribution of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury, this research was conducted to compare biomechanical risk factors in the incidence of ACL injury for elite female soccer players during shearing maneuver and header on the natural grass and artificial turf fields. Methods: Sixteen players were selected from U-14 women’s national team by the convenience sampling method and started to perform the skills. Knee joint inform

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Nunome, Hiroyuki, Koichiro Inoue, Kevin Ball, Shinya Sano, and Yasuo Ikegami. "Comparison of high-impact load-absorbing property of natural turf for professional use with various types of natural and artificial turfs in football." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 4 (2019): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119864235.

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The present study aimed to illustrate load stress-strain properties of various types of natural and artificial turfs. A modified high-loading test rig was used to measure shock absorbency and concurrent deformation of these surfaces in situ to calculate quasi stress-strain curves. A natural turf professionally maintained for top professional league soccer matches (N-stadium) was used as the reference surface. Other surfaces included two natural turfs without professional maintenance (one with and one without polyethylene pile reinforcement), four new artificial turfs (sand infill only, rubber

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