Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Naturalisme (mouvement littéraire) – France – 19e siècle'
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Kiriow, Ivan. "Théories scientifiques et représentations littéraires de l'hérédité en France (1847-1902) : la science dans l'espace public, entre acculturation et appropriation." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0126.
Full textThis dissertation studies the diffusion of the theories of heredity in the French literature of the second half of the nineteenth-century. In the perspective of a dialogical history of the « two cultures» (scientific and literary), it traces back the exchanges between scientific texts and literary works taken as relevant testi¬monies of the process of popularization of knowledge. Build in three sections, each one about a particular scientific theory (telegony, degeneration and « nervosime », atavism in criminals) and their novelistic incarnations, it follows the diffusion of doctrines, as well as their distortions and appropriations, determining elements of their penetration into the culture and society of an era
Klugkist, Marc. "Le naturalisme spiritualiste de Joris-Karl Huymans." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040147.
Full textThis thesis develops a philosophical approach of Joris-Karl Huysmans’ work, based on the concept of « naturalisme spiritualiste ». This approach distinguishes the depiction of reality, a key element of the naturalistic aesthetics, from a real that would be characterized by a regenerative intensity. The analysis of the philosophical ideas and figures superimposes three labyrinthine paths : the classical one, the mannerist one and the rhizomatous one. The impossibility to achieve a dialectical synthesis between a concrete reality and a mythical real leads Huysmans towards a pessimism where Schopenhauer’s influence prevails. Through a singular appropriation of artistic creation, dreams and mysticism, he extends the experimental domain of naturalism. The soul gone adrift, the body and the place become the problematic stakes which mark out his investigation method and his existential quest. The confrontation with Grünewald’s work is fundamental to understand the fertile paradoxes as well as the aporias of Huysmans’ thought. The desire of redemption proves to be illusionary but this failure opens up the scope of a prolific inventiveness, whitin the tragic affirmation of the fragmented being, between a sense of dereliction and an intuition of the sublime
De, Tienda Jones Florence. "Essai de lecture textanalytique des trois premiers romans d'Octave Mirbeau (1886-1890)." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA1032.
Full textSimonnot, Maud. "La vie littéraire en Bourgogne (1820-1920)." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL018.
Full textLouâpre, Muriel. "La manière noire, le mal à l'oeuvre dans le roman naturaliste et décadent." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2035.
Full textBonnin-Ponnier, Joëlle. "Le restaurant dans le roman naturaliste : narration et évaluation." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030129.
Full textThis work considers the subject of the restaurant in the naturalist corpus as a novelistic topos, a prescriptive focal point establishing a certain way to look at body and nature, a social representation and culturally significant table manners whose analysis can contribute to what phillipe hamon calls a "poetics of the evaluative". Commited to schemes, both evaluating and evaluated, a fictional population shows a "know-how to behave" and also a "know-how to enjoy", made up of a "know-how to see" and technical and socio-ethical "know-how to do " together with a " know-how to say". Taking into account all these aspects, allows to show the "ideology-effect" of the naturalist works, which in the text is conveyed by the idea which the character have of their projects and purpose and from the narrative point of view is to be perceived through the specific way the narrator deals with the theme, the narrator being indeed non devoid of aesthetic and philosophical presuppositions, as, together with his capacity of making up endless narrative variations around the restrictive pattern of the narration of life given as banal and ritualized and around the even more codified theme of "the restaurant scene" (first narratologic part), and also when expressing the elaborate judgements of his characters (second part centred on evaluation), he translates their experiences in spite of the special links the establishment is supposed to have with pleasure and festivity, with a critical "artist" vision, full of nostalgia for the aristocratic ideals of the past and of a pessimistic outlook of life. This double bias is highlighted by continuous confrontation with the novellistic intertext and above all the non fictional intertext (gastronomic and touristic guides, treatives on good manners) which often reveals, trough the praising of the pleasures of eating, a deep love of our condition
Rebière-Cornet, Martine. "La société comme matière romanesque : convergences naturalistes dans les romans de Zola, Clarín, Pérez Galdos et Emilia Pardo Bazán." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30019.
Full textThis study entitled, "Society as a subject for a novel". The convergence of elements of Naturalism in the novels of Zola, Clarín, Pérez Galdós and Emilia Pardo Bazán, endeavours to analyze the influence of the author of the Rougon-Macquart series on his fellow spanish authors. The Second Empire and the Spanish Restoration period will be shown to have been at the forefront of the literary scene. In Zola's works and those of the spanish naturalist writers, the middle class and the working class will express the economic and social changes in each country and in modern society. In their novels, Zola and the spanish naturalists manage to depict the society in which they lived from a literary point of view through the use of naturalist description, free indirect speech and everyday language. Both physiological or sociological determinism will play their part in the creation of Zola's Characters and those of the Spanish naturalists. However Galdós, Clarín and doña Emilia Pardo Bazán will never portray their characters in the same primitive way as Zola. Finally, spanish naturalism will soon develop into a form of spiritualism that is more characteristic of the French literature of the second half of the nineteenth century, the period which heralded the Decadent movement
Bastin-Hélary, Fleur. "Le Roman viril : fictions et dictions du féminin chez Zola : des Contes à Ninon à Justice." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC007.
Full textThe Zolian novel is eminently talkative. It is not easy to point out where the voice comes from ; who gives and takes the right to speak, be it the narrator or his doubles – men of the Church or of the State, men of business, letters or science. What is obvious however, is that this voice which permeates the officially objective narrative of the realistic novel is infallibly a masculine one. Informed, authorized, even authoritarian, the masculine discourse takes on the feminine one by either silencing it, or allowing it to approve of, sometimes to reiterate obediently, the elementary “truths” about itself. This is not only about chasing the stigmatizing tendencies of a discourse typical of certain characters, but also about grasping the effects of this discourse on the female readers ; the dumb, fancied listeners to the tyrannical pedagogy of a writer who was both influenced by the stereotypes of his time and stirred by an original reformist spirit
Bender, Niklas. "La Lutte des paradigmes : la littérature entre histoire, biologie et médecine, 1850-1900 (Flaubert, Zola, Fontane)." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA083168.
Full textTaking its starting point in the actual discussion between natural sciences on the one hand, social sciences and humanities on the other, my thesis explores the conflict of these two forms of knowledge at the end of the nineteenth century. At that moment, cultural life is engaged in a battle opposing a historical paradigm with a biological and medical one. Two conceptions of human life are at stake: a culturalist vision which defends the historical development of mankind with its possibilities and its progress; and a naturalist vision which analyzes the determinants of a stable human nature. The two paradigms have an extraordinary importance for literature, exerting a strong influence on the depiction of romanesque characters and even on the fundamental structure of the fictional worlds. The analysis proceeds by questioning six representative novels, simultaneously allowing a comparison of the French and the German literature of the time: Salammbô and L’Éducation sentimentale by Flaubert; Nana and Germinal by Zola ; Effi Briest and Irrungen, Wirrungen by Fontane. The thesis takes a close look at their historical, medical and biological sources and analyses how they are adapted to fiction. It broadens its approach in opening historical (Michelet, Burckhardt) as well as philosophical perspectives (Nietzsche). It concludes that the relationship between literature and scientific knowledge is placed in-between two extremes: the explicit reference to biomedical and historical sources, marked by a transfer of themes and structures ; and the adaptation of a fundamental model, not clearly taken from a source but which nevertheless corresponds to a scientific mode of thought
Bouillo, Eva-Frédérique. "Le salon de 1827." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100106.
Full textThe 1827 Salon marked a decisive turning in the " bataille romantique " as the conflict which had opposed the " old school " painters and the " new school " ones progressively faded away after the exhibition. The present study has emphasized the particularity of the 1827 Salon as regards to the officiaIs' actions and the critics' statements which helped rornanticism develop despite a lot of remaining opposition. In my work, l assessed the importance of the " new school " in the Salon, analysed the way it developped there and its progress since 1824 and l offered a definition of what rornanticism was in 1827. L fust studied the Salon at the institutional level, enhancing the tolerance of the public institutions and Forbin's role in giving reco~tion to the new trend. L also showed the place the romantics took in the public sponsorship, thus confIrIning how well disposed the officiaIs were towards them. L finally insisted on the way the Salon was spoken of by the critics, proving that the " bataille romantique " was at the very heart of a debate in which defining " Rornanticism " and " Romantics " was uneasy -given the importance and complexity of the movement since 1824
Bouayad, Nadia. "Les techniques narratives dans les soirées de Médan 1880." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30021.
Full textRegarded as the "manifesto" of the naturalist movement, the soirees de medan are a collection of six short stories written by six different authors who all aim at the same purpose: they wish to depict reality such as it is, the reality of the 1870 franco-prussian war disemcumbered of all commom place ideas such as the general patriotism of the french people. The narrative techniques of all six authors meet in carrying the tale through contrasts which produce irony, often satirical, in the whole bulk of the stories. But hennique and zola stand out in paying particular attention to the psychology and behaviour of their characters to the prejudice of the action. On the other hand, ceard and alexis, while they abundantly discuss the psychology of their characters, go against the principles of the naturalist writing and of maupassant's own theories. But all of them have chosen common people, "non-heroes", either socially or morally. This writing forgoes neither symbol nor myth; it is full of the affective tendancies of these authors. It bears the mark of impressionism especially for five of these authors. Through the subjects delt with, the temperateness of the satirical language, and a kind of romantic lyricism, zola is the least innovative of all. Among the others the way of creating realistic illusion goes through an impressionistic writing which reveals the nature of the author's sensibility as well as the importance of time, instant and duration in a literary genre which emphasizes temporal intensity along the tale. One should not refer to a narrative code common to all these writers unless one points out the differences which reveal original tempers through a common prospect
Gherardi, Eugène F. X. "L'esprit corse au souffle du romantisme : notes et jalons pour une histoire culturelle." Corte, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CORT0023.
Full textOktapoda, Efstratia. "La documentation sociale et folklorique dans la littérature naturaliste française et grecque (1865-1920)." Montpellier 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON30040.
Full textCompared with the french one, the greek naturalistic output from the period 1865-1920 is quite different as concerns the topic : essentially urban in france, but mainly rural in greece. However, the methodology is similar, as it is a truly documentary one. The greek, like the french, used to base on documents borrowed from scientific information and to carry out themselves socio- ethnographical studies when their personal experience was not sufficient. The most punctilious writers, such as zola, carcavitsas or daudet, even wrote out some notebooks, diaries and other small journalls, which constituted a very meticulous and accurate exercise of reflection, necessary for the elaboration of their works. Now the naturalistic work is finally an intricate universe, gathering within itself social sciences and literature, as well as document and art work. The genesis of the french and the greek naturalistic works is revealing of the way in which the exploitation of socio-ethnographical and folkloric document and of popular language acts in the naturalistic novels and short stories. The analysis of the exploitation of the gathered documents shows that they are above all the elements of a narrative and epic literary transformation. The preponderence of the literary motivation entails that the different sociological borrowings used in the naturalistic work cannot be blindly relied on
Lévêque, Laure. "Romans romanesques, romans romantiques, de René au Lys dans la vallée." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081542.
Full textIn the early nineteenth century, the revolutionary break has brought some renowal in literaty forms. A large novelistic production in search of new code testifies for it, among which personal novels - especially first names-titles, whose increase is significant -are emblematic for a textual expression of the rising of the subject in the revolutioned society. Emancipated sublet seemingly, yet basically objet, racket by a tragic symptomatology - melancholy, insanity, spleen, impotence -, figurative for some harm that troubles the century in its children for all those heroes, despite the diversity of their personal stories, narrative voices -and the narrative way -apply themselves to bypass the specious ways of history. Since present time is a dead end, since paradise is lost for good, romantic heroes are led to question the genius of memories. Yet, the patterns surveyed whether ancient whether renaissance ages - have bequeathed nothing but ruins to set against the triomphal way the new world - the new-world -is on where interests is an other name for ethics.
Guisy, Maryan. "La représentation du monde politique dans le roman au XIXe siècle." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030066.
Full textThe realist novel which dominates 19th century literature has set itself the objective of writing the history of social customs and practice. The political world is one of the themes it tackles and this study questions its representation during a period (1815-1914) which is characterized by major institutional instability and many crises. Through the image which is projected of the actors (leaders, opponents, crowds, "public opinion"), of the places, the intrigues, the rituals, the significant historical events (revolutions, affairs) multiple tensions emerge: competition between the novelist and his characters, hesitations between the functions of writer and politician, difficulties in respecting aesthetic presuppositions with the hero’s return to favour, the reintroduction of the "novelistic" format and the use of a mannered style (symbols, metaphors). As regards the "documentary objectivity", it is often damaged by authors who venture "to take sides"
Berthelot, Sandrine. "L'esthétique de la dérision dans les romans de la période réaliste en France (1850-1870) : genèse, épanouissement et sens du grotesque." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040141.
Full textHow can we explain the fact that French realistic novels are characterized by their derision ? Shall we state that the mimesis cannot be dissociated from the satire and parody of reality ? As a matter of fact, from reality to writing, we raise the problem of the grotesque that Victor Hugo theorized about in 1827 in the preface to Cromwell that lays the theoretical foundation stone of our research. The grotesque we will endeavour to define in the first part of this thesis refers to a new form of aesthetics that is radically opposed to the classical codes. Our curiosity as been aroused by Gustave Flaubert's novels, that bear the stamp of irony, as well as the systematic reference to the grotesque that the letter writer employs to evoke bourgeois vanity - i. E. Macaire's or Prudhomme's - or human stupidity. The grotesque also refers to farce, a feature of this era, that fascinated Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, though they loathed it. Indeed we have found it interesting to explore this aspect of the grotesque that takes on satirical overtones and sometimes metaphysical ones in novels that claim to be realistic ones. We will then focus on the first novelistic realists, that is some minor writers from the French literary movement Bohemia (e. G. , Henry Murger, Jules Husson a. K. A. Champfleury, and Louis-Edmond Duranty) who dealt with reality derisively. We will eventually discuss the flamboyant grotesque in the mid-nineteenth century novels (1850-1870) by Victor Hugo, Gustave Flaubert, and the Goncourt brothers
Glencross, James. "Un thème médiéval dans le romantisme français : la "matière de Bretagne" dans la critique littéraire et dans l'érudition de 1800 à 1860." Grenoble 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE39025.
Full textThe thesis aims to examine the views of literary critics and scholars of the first half of the nineteenth century on one of the theree branches of medieval french literature in jehan bodel's classification, the "matter of britain". The study of the contribution of literary criticism to the understanding of medieval and in particular arthurian texts takes as its framework the literary debate on romanticism and its consequences. Against this background it attempts to show how attitudes towards the texts reflect some of the general trends of french romanticism. In relation to works of scholarship of the period the thesis studies to what extent the views of scholars, especially in the areas of the aesthetic value of the texts and the origins of the matter of britain, are also a reflection of concerns which can be called "romantic"
Benarfi, Khmai͏̈s. "Les ambigüités du naturalisme américain et l'évolution vers l'expression subjective de la réalité." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10026.
Full textAl, Lae Jakeza. "Louis Tiercelin (1846-1915) et le Parnasse breton." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20033.
Full textTanaka, Takuzo. "Zola et le roman psychologique." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040005.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to examine the characteristics and the development of the psychological representation in Émile Zola's novels, referring to the “psychological novel” in his time, represented by George Sand and Paul Bourget. From Thérèse Raquin (1867), against the idealism of the “psychological novel” in the manner of George Sand, the Naturalist Zola tries to substitute a physiology of the soul for the psychology; as well as the body, the soul is determined by the surroundings and the heredity. From La Joie de vivre (1884), however, under the influence of the “psychological novel” in the manner of Bourget, Zola progressively separates from the Naturalist determinism. He attaches great importance to the inner life of the characters in his novels and projects his own ideology and philosophy on the inner discourse of these characters. In his later works, the subjectivity of the author finally becomes predominant over the objectivity demanded by the Naturalist theory
Levet, Marie-Anne. "Syncrétisme, synergies, synesthésies, mimêsis littéraire et picturale en France à l'articulation des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20020.
Full textDemarchi, Barel Ana Beatriz. "Le roman romantique bresilien de la deuxieme moitie du xixeme siecle et les contes populaires : dialogues avec la france." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030161.
Full textMarcandier, Christine. "Beauté et violence : crimes de sang et scènes de meurtre dans la littérature romantique (1823-1848)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040184.
Full textThis thesis studies the links between beauty and violence in the romantic literature (novel poetry, theatre, theoretic writings), throughout crime scenes. It intends to demonstrate that romantism, following the enlightenment, defined new criterions of beauty and opposed to the classical rules of order and harmony those of wounded bodies' in a mix of grotesque and sublime. Therefore, crime scenes seem to be the place where this new definition reaches its higher point, its most visible dimension. Following an historical pattern, in order to stress the importance of the French revolution and of the guillotine scenes, our study follows the transformations of a body imaginary which explores the maestrian analysis of blood, Balzac’s vitalism or Stendhal’s energy worship. Criminal figures are the epitomy of this new esthetic: female vampires, bloody nuns, "exotic" characters (the Corsican, the Negro, the Italian. . . ), fictive or real murderers (Lacenaire), all of them practicing crime as a fine art. Crime scenes are the romantic arts of poetry. Murder becomes then the support for numerous scenic variations: decapitated or slaughtered bodies, profaned hearts, the violent death introduces to a spectacle in which blood is linked to sensual pleasure. Confronted to a text which shows and dramatizes crime, the reader is transformed in a voyeur by a writer who plays with this fascination, and is ironical about his reader's attraction for blood. Blood and crime imaginary goes throughout the whole romantism, feeds its scenes, and is a means to the renewing of the genres and of the reader's statute. Violence becomes a language: recurrent scenes, intertextuality, cliches often employed in an ironical way. In this very point, violence meets derision
Robic, Myriam. ""Retour vers l'Eden perdu" : fonctions et représentations de la Grèce dans les oeuvres poétiques de Théodore de Banville." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theserobic.pdf.
Full textThéodore de Banville, a little known poet generally associated with the “fantaisiste” current because of his Odes funambulesques, is at last attracting the attention of university criticism since his works provide a new vision of post-romantic poetry. Not only was Banville Baudelaire’s closest friend, he was seen as a master by Mallarmé, Verlaine and Rimbaud. By taking all of Banville’s poetry into account-from Les Cariatides (1842) to Dans la fournaise (1891) –, the intention is to re-situate the poet within the history of the nineteenth-century’s Hellenic rebirth side by side with Hugo, Baudelaire, Gautier, Leconte de Lisle, Ménard…, in a period of crisis during which artists tried to exile themselves from a “prudhommesque” world. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to re-think the aesthetic evolution of Banville’s poetry through Hellenism as well as the complex relationship between Romanticism and the Parnasse, the second being simplistically viewed as a repudiation of the first while Banville was central to both movements. Like Gautier, Banville was as a “bridge” between Romanticism and the Parnasse
Berkery, Charlotte. "Imaginaire et poésie nocturnes de Paris : la nuit parisienne dans les productions culturelles de la monarchie de juillet." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7085.
Full textThe nineteenth-century Paris night is summed up in a repertoire of « scenes » inscribed in novels, panoramic literature and newspaper images. The nocturnal mindset associated with the period of the July Monarchy in particular is revealed in these canonical texts, as well as little- consulted documents, penned by relatively obscure authors. Engravers and caricaturists, novelists and commentators all served as witnesses of, as well as participants in, the nocturnal capital. This thesis examines the imaginary and the poetics surrounding the nocturnal city, from depictions of the crowds thronging the boulevards to the evocations of the solitary noctambule on a voyage of self- discovery. Also scrutinised are the social types of the chiffonnier, the prostitute and the criminal. The poetics of this urban and nocturnal imaginary is located in between a Romanticism of nocturnal impressionism and fantasmagoria, and conversely a realism that highlights the social structures of the night
Degout, Bernard. "L'impossible souveraineté : Victor Hugo et la condamnation royaliste du romantisme, 1819-1824." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120003.
Full textThis thesis considers its subject (victor hugo until 1824, strictly) in its relation to the condamnation of romanticism by the societe royale des bonneslettres and the quatre academies, end of 1823 and beginning of 1824. The purpose is to make clear that victor hugo's work has been concerned in the first place by this condamnation, but by no means because of a concealed liberalism. Has been condamned a particular inflection of royalism (built through a rewriting of chateaubriand) that refused to the restauration the fact of being a real restauration. The strong tense of victor hugo's work to the future, the strength found in the certitude that the french revolution was opening a new era, were fought by the also strong certitude that the future was intimately threatened by the bad that had just made a formidable irruption in history ; his royalism tried to base poetically an organical sovereignety of divine law, and in the same time, the poet, whose legitimacy lay in the assomption of his divine destination, was obliged to confess that god stayed hidden to him
Schincariol, Andrea. "Naturalisme et photographie : l'influence invisible du dispositif photographique sur le roman d'Emile Zola, Guy de Mautpassant, Joris-Karl Huymans et Henry Céard." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20097.
Full textThis study consists in an analysis of the relationships between the photographic dispositive and five of the most significant works of the literary movement of Naturalism. In the first section of his thesis, the PhD student has analyzed two texts related with the literary genre of the “Fantastic”: the short story Le Horla (1887), written by Guy de Maupassant and Joris-Karl Huysmans's novel Là-bas (1891). The second section is entirely dedicated to the study of Nana (1880), by Émile Zola, and the influence of the photographic dispositive on the theme of “nude” with respect to the heroin of the novel, Nana. The third section consists in a photo-literary analysis of some of the poetic and aesthetic aspects characterizing the novels of Henry Céard, Une belle journée (1881) and Terrains à vendre au bord de la mer (1906). The candidate has operated a meticulous analysis of those literary works, with a focus, in the first place, on those textual marks suggesting the presence of the photographic medium; secondly, he has developed his photo-literary study trying to explore, on the deeper level of the literary enunciation, the function of the photographic dispositive with respect to the construction of the text. Besides, the candidate has proposed, starting from the novels that he has studied, some iconic references reflecting the photographic production contemporary to the authors of his corpus and also some photographic examples of present time
Laurent, Françoise. "Le Portugal et la France romantique : 1817-1848." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030008.
Full textThis study is aiming to value the nature and the importance of the cultural and literary relations between romantic France and Portugal in the XIXth century. From investigations in the political press, literary and popular publications, reference books, school textbooks, travellers’ narrations, translations of literary works, mainly the Lusiades, in the dramas and comedies played in the French theatres, in the works of fiction, novels, short stories, poems, in the admiration expressed for the life of Luís de Camões, more than its lyric works, in the French judgments about Portuguese nation, and its culture, some characteristics of the history of ideas at that time have been sketched
Baratin-Lorenzi, Marianne. "Les romans de george sand 1832/1842 : roman et dynamique narrative." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040029.
Full textThis work intends to show the argumentative value of george sand's novels. It is based on the vehemence of the narrative voice which supposes its argumentative vocation. It is also based on the fact that the ideologists of romanticism recognise an ideology of george sand, without relation to the naive and devaluing image generated by our author's novels. Our study concerns the period 1832-1842, when the author was training to write, according to her own testimony. In front of the failure of an analysis based on the narrative dynamics which would define the novel as an apologue, we tried to regard george sand's novels as parables. The parable supposes the transposition of a rule in the fictitious universe of the novel. Our search supposed a preliminary work, covered in the first chapters : identification of george sand's thought, independent of the various influences that were lent to her; analyze - starting from the theoretical works of the author and the classical poetics - of the criteria likely to account for the novel, apart from the only reference to narrative dynamics. We then started the analysis of the novels of 1832 to 1842, namely indiana, valentine, le secretaire intime, andre, leone leoni, simon, mauprat, le compagnon du tour de france, horace. The analysis of george sand's idealism allowed us to specific the place of reality in her works, always absent and existing only in the idealizing mirror which the novel proposes. A simplified reality is thus proposed, whose fantastic dimension makes it possible to indicate at the same time the dissatisfaction of the character and the possibility he has to progress. This progression appears in the descriptions, the iterative narrations, the dialogued scenes and the pictures which mark out george sand's novels. We thus showed a dynamics, distinct from narratives dynamic, which follows the vehement breath of the narrative voice and which is proposed as the initiative quest of the romantic man: permanent search for an obvious and remote truth which it must carry out in the society
Goutaland, Carine. "À table : fonctions et représentations du repas dans la littérature naturaliste." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20010.
Full textThis work aims at exploring narrative and metaphorical representations of mealtimes in French or French-language naturalistic authors, whether they be considered major or minor, in the last quarter of the 19th century. Though they were certainly not the first to represent characters partaking in a meal, these writers approached the theme of food in a new way, and this was received with some reticence by their contemporaries. Attributing a new status to meals, the number and importance of which in the narrative grew continuously, they underlined the physiological dimension of the act of eating and represented food in its material dimension, to sometimes negative lengths. Rotten foodstuffs and dyspepsia arrived on the literary stage, at a time when gastronomic discourse was singing the praises of the moderate hedonism of the middle-class table. The motif of the meal was an ideological focal point enabling writers to question the dominant alimentary scheme of things. But it was also a field of literary experimentation where the aesthetic choices of the writer were projected and shaped, the writer appearing as an eater engaged in a sometimes harmonious, sometimes indigestible confrontation with reality. The novelistic meal is an image of artistic creation, both a central point of the materialistic project of the representation of reality and a space where naturalism explored and went beyond its own limits
Rossignot, Olivier. "Petrus Borel, l'écriture du mal." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040029.
Full textSibourg, Éléonore. "Science et surnaturel dans le cycle de Durtal de Huysmans." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040074.
Full textThis thesis examines interactions between science and the supernatural in Huysmans’s Durtal tetralogy. The protagonist, whose aesthetic and philosophical starting point is naturalism, converts to Catholicism. This unusual conversion reflects social upheavals contemporary with Huysmans’s cycle of novels. In the late nineteenth century, science, emerging as symbol of new hope and salvation for humanity, has in a sense replaced religion. The Durtal cycle catalogues the disorders generated by this replacement, and represents the creation of a new order more suited to Durtal’s persona, through deconstruction of existing codes and beliefs. Thus is shaped the intellectual and aesthetic matrix of the four novels. Pathology is at the intersection of the interactions between science and the supernatural, the various components of which constitute the subject of the three substantive chapters of the thesis. Figuring social degeneration and the creation of imaginary medical worlds founded on contamination, Huysmans’s text explores the boundaries between science and religion, thus offering a new cosmogony constructed around a concept of mystic substitution associated with Catholicism. Analysis of these textual explorations is followed by a study of the body and the soul as the two primary principles contributing to the conflicts articulated in Huysmans’s work. The conversion processes to which the body and the soul are subjected help to build renewed relationships between the material and the spiritual, the visible and the invisible. Writing thus appears as the result of an alchemical quest in which opposites can ultimately be reunited. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the development of the novel form, subject to so many contradictory influences. The pharmaceutical quality – in Derridean terms – of writing ends this crisis and restores the author’s authority, making of the Durtal tetralogy a work that is characterised at one and the same time by its naturalism and by its mysticism
Teboul, Annabelle. "Le polymorphisme du héros réaliste-naturaliste chez Balzac, Flaubert, Maupassant et Zola ou le parcours initiatique d'un être oxymorique." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935884.
Full textChaisemartin, Amélie de. "Créer des types. La caractérisation des personnages dans les romans de la seconde génération romantique en France (1830-1848)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040157.
Full textDuring the July Monarchy, French romantic writers used critical essays to express their desire to create new typical characters, or « types ». According to them, the ability of a novel to create new « types » is a sign of literary value. This work studies the esthetical meaning of the word « type » and the way novels written by Stendhal, Vigny, Hugo, Sand, Musset, Balzac, Dumas, Eugène Sue and Théophile Gautier make a character into a « type ». This term appears in satirical newspapers and « Physiologies » at the same time and this dissertation aims at explaining the links between visual « types » in caricature and litterary « types » in novels. This work also tries to underline the differences and similarities between romantic and sociological « types »
Farhat, Amina. "Figures du discours critique : la réception humoristique des Rougon-Macquart de Zola (Pastiches et Caricatures)." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030161.
Full textConsidered during a long time as means of derision and smutty and insane mockery, lampoons and caricatures addressed to zolien’s work had often been relegated to the rank of light, marginal and useless critic. However our work consists in demonstrating that while being comic and desidory, this manner a few particular to present the literary text was a means efficient to read, to understand, to analyse and to criticize zolien’s work. So and as turning in derision the naturalistic chief and his works, caricaturists were the first otherwise the alone to penetrate the deep sense of the thought and zolien’s creation, to see the diffrent nuances of the style and the zolien’s imaginary and to be able to return account of the specificity of a work one at a time and multiple. Lampoons and caricatures prove to be thus of institutionalization means that, while taking zolien’s norm and while perpetrating it, had participated in to constitute the work laughed at like creation literary therefore to clear it as fully-fledged literary text. Thus, and all while doing of the laughter and the exaggeration the same foundations of his readings, this humorous receipt proves to be one of the most important faces otherwise the more important and most serious of the naturalistic receipt to the XIXth century
Dessy, Clément. "Les écrivains devant le défi nabi: positions, pratiques d'écriture et influences." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209795.
Full textOutre ces considérations historiques, le rapprochement souhaité entre les deux groupes fut tel que la production littéraire ne put qu’être influencée par les théories des Nabis. La tendance "formaliste" représentée par ce groupe pictural a souvent conduit les chercheurs à prendre acte de l'autonomie tant du littéraire que du pictural dans les échanges entre Nabis et écrivains. Les influences sont cependant nombreuses de la peinture vers la littérature. Il est toutefois nécessaire de prendre en compte des écrivains oubliés par l'histoire littéraire, tels Romain Coolus, Gabriel Trarieux ou Louis Lormel, pour percevoir les effets de cette influence picturale. La reprise d'un dispositif de couleurs, exaltées ou déformées, le jeu poétique sur le thème de la ligne ou de l'arabesque fondent une recherche d'effet visuel dans l'écriture qui entend renouveler les images poétiques. Ce constat entre en résonance avec la rénovation picturale revendiquée par les Nabis. Des esthétiques communes entre peintres et écrivains, tournant autour des notions de synthèse, simplicité, de la référence à l'enfance ou à la fantaisie humoristique rassemblent Nabis et poètes qui les soutiennent dans une communauté d'initiés à l'art nouveau.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Levet, Marie-Cécile. "Le paysage dans l'oeuvre romanesque de George Sand." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20016.
Full textRoldan, Sébastien. "Poétique du suicide dans le roman naturaliste : natures et philosophies de la mort volontaire (1857-1898)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100096.
Full textHow did the French Naturalist novelists portray suicide? How did they deal with the romantic overtones of self-murder, a theme so strongly linked to the sentimental outbursts voiced by the previous generation of writers? Far from being banned for excessive romanticism suicide, albeit the object of openly expressed disdain by Naturalists, spreads its fiery black wings over much of the theoretically barren land that is the body of realistic novels complying – overtly or unwittingly – with the principles of Le Roman expérimental. The flaming, menacing, and enigmatic shadow thus cast over an intently objective and scientific literature is surprisingly apt at developing both polemic and polysemous fruits, and as it turns out sheds new light under the frightened but eager scrutiny of these novelists who found themselves fascinated by its great mystery, both sublime and deadly. If the state of knowledge at the time made suicide a problem essentially pertaining to medical and natural science, Naturalist literature itself was intent on synchronizing its depictions with the data, approach, and lexicon presented in scientific treatises. Yet suicide in these novelists’ fictions is loaded with a distinct philosophical sense which demands to be studied closely. Twelve Naturalist novels centered around self-murder, covering a forty-year period (1857-1898), stemming from Flaubert, Goncourt, Zola, Daudet, Maupassant, and Rod, serve as main ground for our investigation of eight chief interrogations, following two main orientations: we first review the diverse natures of suicide, then its many philosophies. Throughout are contemplated the literary and speculative reach of voluntary death
Barón, Jaime. "Le sujet poétique chez Apollinaire et Huidobro : recherches autour du mythe du poète dans le contexte avant-gardiste." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30047.
Full textSummary : Successive breaking-ups of the oxymoron-subject in Apollinaire from 1907-1908 onwards lead to a stable semiotic definition of the I-as-Poet. The crisis of poetry is taken charge of by this definition that may undergo allotopic returns (scissions) or be projected towards its spatial and calligrammatic opening up. In Huidobro's work, the tmesis-subject responds with a progressively euphemised strategy of disjunction in 1917-1918. In the structure of tmesis, we spot a passage announced by several symptoms (refraction, ostranenie, the theme of clocks) which reread the Apollinarian crisis by acknowledging the absence of a poetic present. Hence the need to deploy an implicit narration of the myth of the poet, dynamised by massive use of quotations from Apollinaire. Altazor redefines this narrative nourished by a post-biblical or “Altazorian” culture, a dialogue with the avant-gardes and oxymoric resurgences from Apollinaire. A parallel between Huidobro and Reverdy from 1915 to 1918 allows us to detect both the specificity of this Huidobrian myth and its continuity with the literary past, while a comparison with Dada and Surrealism (in the 20s) situates it on the background of questions of legitimacy diversely oriented on conflictive pragmatic axes. The representation of the subject as a dual sign reveals its several areas of oscillation (historical, aesthetic and cultural) and confirms in the poetic scripture of the war the wholistic and mediating goal of the oxymoric system, as opposed to the tmesis-subject obliged to re-balance the crisis from a figural and cultural point of view
Tellier, Virginie. "Le discours du fou dans le récit romantique européen : (Allemagne, France, Russie)." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL008.
Full textThe thesis studies the linguistics, philosophy and aesthetics of literary language of the madman in the Romantic era. It focuses on The Devil's Elixirs (Hoffmann, 1815), The Crumb Fairy (Nodier, 1832), The Diary of a Madman (Gogol, 1835), The Sylph (Odoevsky, 1837) and Aurelia (Nerval, 1855). Other narratives are more promptly summoned, as The Night Watches (Bonaventura, 1804) or Louis Lambert (Balzac, 1832). The madman is a problematic being: he is both unhealthy and inhabited by a divine inspiration. This paradox finds a new relevance in the first half of the nineteenth century. On the one hand, the development of Alienism tends to define mental pathologies from a medical point of view. On the other hand, the birth of the Fantastic promotes the figure of the mad artist. The Madman, when he speaks, questions autobiographical writing and redefines the Self, Space and Time. His speech has pragmatic issues: the madman seeks to demonstrate that he is not mad, in a society which condemns him. He also endeavours to convey a truth. His language is then used to describe the mythical forces that travel the world and, perhaps, to recreate it. The notion of creation is essential. The Romantic era modifies the definition of literature, which loses its representative function in favour of a purely linguistic function. The speech of the madman takes part in the founding of new aesthetics: it creates it in a critical gesture that questions its legitimacy. Impossible and unthinkable, it embodies the "silent speech" (J. Rancière) that becomes modern literature
Einman, Maria. "Lector in drama. Les enjeux fictionnels et imaginaires du suicide dans le théâtre français du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA048/document.
Full textThis study examines the reading of drama texts as the reading of fictional texts, aiming to broaden the current approach according to which the reading of drama texts is mainly limited to text analysis. This question is examined in the light of the issue of suicide in 19th-century French drama. The principal aim of this study is therefore to understand the impact of the character’s suicide on the reader via the detailed analysis of the ins and outs of the suicidal act. The study applies Vincent Jouve’s concept of the virtual reader, who is defined as an implicit and atemporal recipient of the text effects. This reader emerges in a fictional world that is supported by an operative device (dispositif) based on the Lacanian triptych of the Real, the Symbolic and the Imaginary.The dissertation consists of five chapters. The theoretical discussion is followed by four chapters that deal, respectively, with melodrama, romantic drama, naturalist drama, and symbolist drama. In addition to the effect of the fictional suicide on the reader (which is systematically connected to the catharsis), the evolution of theatrical genres and forms is explored from the perspective of “virtual” reading. Thereby, the reading of 19th-century French drama could be viewed as a journey from the optimistic certainty of melodrama to the tragic indeterminacy of symbolist drama, from actual to probable suicides, from “sorrowful” catharsis to anticatharsis
Vincent-Munnia, Nathalie. "Les premiers poèmes en prose : généalogie d'un genre dans la première moitié du dix-neuvième siècle français." Lyon 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO20006.
Full textThe expression "prose poem" does not appear in the nineteenth century : throughout the eighteenth century, it is used to distinguish a prose which can pretend to a poetical status, in the same way as verse (that from then on neither systemat ically nor exclusively determines the existence of poetry). But, during the first decades of the nineteenth century, after the more definitive recognition of this prose poetry, the prose can be elaborated more specifically as a poem (in the modern use of the term, and no longer in the classical and analogical sense of "work in poetic style" or "prose epic"). It creates then a new type of poeticity, abandoning the predefined norms and thus benefiting from non predetermined poetic effects which make any systematic and modelising definition of the genre impossible. This kind of original poetic owes its actualization uniquely to the recognition activity of its reader. The prose poem is consequently dependent on its receipt - problematical at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Furthermore, the authors of these first prose poems (ludovic de cailleux, alphonse rabbe, aloysius bertrand, xavier forneret, maurice de guerin and jules lefevre-deumier) not only make this new poetics instrument the object but also the means of a new order poetical quest. The prose poem thus acquires an exploratory and experimental value. Initiator of new types of poeticity, it also elaborates some processes of poetical reflection (by itself and upon itsel), which will determine the subsequent evolutions of poetry. Open and uncertain, the genre therefore also appears as eminently virtual and paradoxical : its generic identity being built upon its capacity to inaugurate new modes of poeticity and genericity, it is doomed to see this generic specificity dissolve at the very moment that it accedes to an entire recognition
Chaumont, Bérangère. ""Noire et blanche" : la fête de nuit dans la littérature romantique (1821-1856)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR036.
Full textAs a writing pattern, night feasts haunt French Romanticism since Nodier’s Smarra ou les Démons de la nuit (1821). The motif appears in poetic, dramatic and narrative works, in major as well as in minor productions. This thesis answers the following question : why is the night the place to write feasts in French Romanticism, between 1821 and 1856 ? In this way, this dissertation reopens the analysis of the Romantic night and shows that this theme provides not once but various poetics, some of them announcing modernity. Certainly, night feasts are part of a Romantic “classical” nocturnal imagination, inherited from ancient traditions. But fantastic, dreamlike and lyrical hues are not the only colors of the Romantic nights. In fact, thanks to the invention of night life in the early 19th century, Romantic works reflect restless Parisian nights, during a period which discovers night leisure activities, forecasting the myth of City of Light and the entertainment’s industry blooming during the Second Empire area. The images of the night feast, which circulate between “panoramic literature” and Romantic literature, reveal the century’s burning passion for sight. These nocturnal festivities transform everyday life into a show. Furthermore, fictions are brimming with archetypal characters inhabiting the Parisian festive nights, themselves often suggestive of the Romantic figure of the author, usually depicted as a melancholic loner. Based on contrasts, between light and darkness, life and death, the night feast is also an existential and creative pattern for Romantic authors who are using the night life and their lights as a way to rise up against the dark night
Madriasse, Sébastien. "La difficulté d'être dans l'oeuvre de Musset." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719715.
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