Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Naturalisme (philosophie)'
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Cruz, Rodríguez Manuel. "Por un naturalismo dialéctico /." Barcelona : Anthropos, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355139935.
Full textGide, Benoît. "L’existence des corps chez Strawson, Hume et Reid : généalogie d’un traitement naturaliste du scepticisme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H200.
Full textStarting with a distinction between the motives for, the suggestion of external world skepticism, and the demand for a proof or demonstration of the existence of bodies, we first try to analyse the naturalist response to skepticism, as defined and endorsed by Peter Strawson, asking to what category it must belong in order to be maximally efficient. Identifying it to a concessive theoretical diagnosis (part 1), we then question Strawson’s claim that his naturalist treatement of external world skepticism can also be found in Hume as well as in Reid. Underlying Hume’s endeavours to define a mitigated skepticism as the correction of the undistinguished doubts of excessive skepticim by common sense and reflection (part 2), we are led to see how closer is Reid’s criticism of skepticism and defence of common sense realism, in their own context, to Strawson’s epistemic naturalism (part 3)
Keil, Geert. "Kritik des Naturalismus /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35577339x.
Full textBaumard, Nicolas. "Une théorie naturaliste et mutualiste de la morale." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0033.
Full textWhy are we moral? This work relies on two approaches. The naturalist approach comes from the tradition of moral sense (Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Adam Smith) and aims at explaining morality with the help of tools coming from natural sciences (evolutionary theory, cognitive psychology). The mutualist approach comes from the social contract tradition (Hobbes, Rousseau and Rawls) et see moral relationships as mutually advantageous interactions. Thus, this work distances oneself from non naturalist theories of morality ( culturalist theories, rational choice theories) and fron non mutualist theories (group selection or altruistic theories, sentimentalist or continuiste theories). This works shows that numerous moral situations (justice, solidarity, moral dilemmas, economic games, crimes without victim) are better explained in a naturalist and mutualist framework
Klugkist, Marc. "Le naturalisme spiritualiste de Joris-Karl Huymans." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040147.
Full textThis thesis develops a philosophical approach of Joris-Karl Huysmans’ work, based on the concept of « naturalisme spiritualiste ». This approach distinguishes the depiction of reality, a key element of the naturalistic aesthetics, from a real that would be characterized by a regenerative intensity. The analysis of the philosophical ideas and figures superimposes three labyrinthine paths : the classical one, the mannerist one and the rhizomatous one. The impossibility to achieve a dialectical synthesis between a concrete reality and a mythical real leads Huysmans towards a pessimism where Schopenhauer’s influence prevails. Through a singular appropriation of artistic creation, dreams and mysticism, he extends the experimental domain of naturalism. The soul gone adrift, the body and the place become the problematic stakes which mark out his investigation method and his existential quest. The confrontation with Grünewald’s work is fundamental to understand the fertile paradoxes as well as the aporias of Huysmans’ thought. The desire of redemption proves to be illusionary but this failure opens up the scope of a prolific inventiveness, whitin the tragic affirmation of the fragmented being, between a sense of dereliction and an intuition of the sublime
Marcy, Thomas Tiercelin Claudine. "Les tentatives contemporaines de sémantique naturaliste et l'héritage peircien." S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0494628.pdf.
Full textSekizawa, Izumi. "Le naturalisme linguistique de Boèce de Dacie : enjeux et discussions." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070061.
Full textBoethius of Dacia is a 13th-century philosopher, known as a modist and "averroist". In this thesis, we intend to give an exact interpretation of the 16th question of his Modi significandi, a philosophico-grammatical text, where the author develops a certain linguistic innateness argument. Some modem scholars consider him, by this innateness argument, as a precursor of Noam Chomsky's nativism. Others believe that such an innateness argument is not theoretically important for his linguistic philosophy. Boethius rather emphasizes the anchoring of language in the structure of things, and for this argument, his position isn't so peculiar at the time. According to our analysis, these are two sides of the same naturalism: everything must be explained by its own nature. From this point of view, Boethius minimizes the role of the human will in the constitution of language and instead of the human will, he introduces, as the foundation of the linguistics, the human nature, which is comparable to the nature of any other animal species. To establish this interpretation of Boethius's theory, we go back to the 12th century and analyze the text of Gundissalinus which gives a horizon for the authors of the 13th century; we compare the theory of Boethius with that of a contemporary Michel de Marbais who emphasizes the role of the will; we also compare it with those of Siger of Brabant or anonymous authors, in reading manuscripts. The majority denies the position of Boethius of Dacia and chooses to renew more traditional positions. Boethius is not a precursor of Chomsky, but a very particular author at that time by his two sided linguistic naturalism.
Marcy, Thomas. "Les tentatives contemporaines de sémantique naturaliste et l'héritage peircien." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0042.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the naturalizing project of intentionality, i.e. a theory of meaning expressible in natural sciences predicates. Part I expose the functionalist program in the 1960’ and its calling into question during the 1970’ by the development of cognitive sciences and indexicality problem (Kripke 1971, Putnam 1975). Part II is devoted to the alternative strategies developed since the beginning of the 1980’. In one hand : the “information semantics”, i.e. a nomic grounded semantics initiated by Fred Dretske (followed by Jerry Fodor). On the other hand: the “teleosemantics” of Ruth G. Millikan (followed by David Papineau) which seeks to found the theory of cognition on evolutionary constraints. Part III proceeds to a “semeiotic turn” by analyzing the logical and metaphysical theory of signs of Charles S. Peirce (1845-1914), one of the most prominent sources of Millikan’s thesis. Indeed, Peirce’s conception of cognition as an inferential process grounded in iconic signs is the very way of a naturalistic theory of symbols which symmetrically avoids the metaphysical prejudices of computational cognitivism and psychologism. Then Part IV try to sketch out the project of an ecological theory of mind based on the concept of a multi-functional intentional sign (a sign of which the inferential function of self-control is not reducible to the simpler behavioural functions). In this part we argue in favour of a new behavioural concept : the “Image”. A last development concerning the indexicality problem tends to prove that the matter consists in an adequate description of the relations between iconic and indexical functions in the sign, by which it is possible to understand the specificity of syntactical and conventional systems of expression
Pris, François-Igor. "Le fossé explicatif dans la philosophie de l’esprit du point de vue de la deuxième philosophie de Wittgenstein vue comme un naturalisme normatif." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040046.
Full textWe argue that every mental property, Q, is identical to (is) a certain physical property, P, (1) Q is P, so that an ontological “gap” between Q and P doesn’t exist. We argue that the identity (1) can be explained. Hence the so-called “explanatory gap” (EG) (an epistemic gap) is also absent. Moreover, from our point of view, the difference between the ontological and epistemic levels is relative. The naturalism/physicalism is true, but if and only if it is what we call a “normative naturalism/physicalism”. We find this kind of naturalism/physicalism in the second philosophy of Wittgenstein (W). The language games are natural (physical) and at the same time spontaneous (normative). In particular, the normative physicalism allows resolving the Hard Problem - the problem of identity between a state of phenomenal consciousness and a physical state. We defend a version of phenomenal realism
Lodoli, Federico. "Le corps et la critique : perspectives sur une philosophie de la production." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0175.
Full textWhat is the relationship between body and critique? In the history of philosophy, the aim of the critique has always been to unveil the pretentions of thought towards the truth. Yet, since western philosophy has always conceived truth as a transcendent value, the only appropriate way to achieve this aim, looks like to adopt the immanence of the body, as the starting point and the main force of this quest. By adopting the body, as the method of the philosophical examination, the critique becomes a genetic and genealogic investigation on how our ideas are produced. At the same time, the body too change his nature, as it becomes the object of the critique. It means that the body is no longer considered in a simple opposition to the mind, as it is conceived within the Mind-Body problem debate. That would mean to remain within the perspective of idealism. On the contrary, the body reveals itself as the paradigm of a natural thinking, the decentralized point of view of existence, the fragmented and dynamic perspective of the immanence. Subject and object of the critique, the body becomes the primordial dimension of a productive naturalism So, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities for the body to become the criteria of the critique, and the force of a naturalistic philosophy of production. It means to produce a form of thinking that arises directly from life and time, becoming and matter, singularities and multiples. In order to do so, we discuss the philosophies of those thinkers who, during the history of western thought, have already recognised this productive potential of the body: Spinoza, Hume, Nietzsche. Finally, the questions guiding this thesis are: What are critique and body from an immanent perspective? Is it possible a critique starting from the body? Can the body become a force apt to produce values and thoughts? What is, then, philosophy of natural production?
Nedjar, Akila. "Le thème de l'environnement dans les médias généralistes : l'analyse des cadres discursifs." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENSF0003.
Full textRenoud-Labrosse, Sylvène. "La nature, le savant et l’image : les rapports entre textes et images dans les ouvrages de sciences naturelles du XVIe au XIXe siècle." Nantes, 2008. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4a328989-9591-4325-91a7-8ead6388c648.
Full textAlthough images are often ignored from reprints and studies, they are very presents in the natural science books from sixteenth to nineteenth century. The hypothesis developed in this PhD is that images resolutely participate to the construction of the speech in the natural sciences books. Then the aim of this research is to study how the images are mobilized by naturalists. From which epistemological functions are these images invested by scientists and what place do they occupy toward the text in particular? How linked are these images to the text, how do scientists joint these two media to convey scientific information to their readers? How are the images involved in the research approach, in the understanding of the observed phenomena, in the conceptual approach of the scholar?These problematics are tested along thematic lines, in a diachronic and historical perspective, one topic for each period: the naturalistic images in the sixteenth century, the images of microscopy in the seventeenth century, the images of experimentation in the eighteenth century and images of "livres-cabinets” until the nineteenth century. It is to reveal trends based on the specific study of a twenty-two books corpus, chosen to explore the relationship between texts and images, on the long term
Tanoüa͏rn, Guillaume de. "Cajétan ou les prodiges de l'analogie." Lyon 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO31032.
Full textIn this work about Thomas de Vio, called Cajetan (1468 - 1534), Guillaume de Tanouarn attempts to reconstitute the original intellectual architecture proper to Cajetan, over and above his work as the Commentator which marks him as a Dominican within the Thomist School. Starting from a precise conception of the analogy of names, taken in the literal sense as analogy of proportionality (ch. 2), Cajetan proposes a dual ontology by revisiting the distinction between essence and existence which St. Thomas Aquinas made in his De Ente et Essentia (ch. 3). These perspectives in fundamental ontology permit Cajetan to attempt a theology of a Personal God - a far cry from the ontotheologizing protologies (ch. 4) - which opens the door for a constructed defense of Divine Freedom (ch. 5). The contribution of Cajetan is also wholly original in the domain of anthropology. Contrary to the general conception about him, Cajetan only accepts the naturalism of Aristotle in a removed manner (ch. 6). His elucidations about the Incarnation give him the occasion to lay the speculative bases of a theological personalism (ch. 7). His intellectual physionomy and his spiritual personality (ch. 1) makes Cajetan, visa-vis Luther, the modern defender of an analogical ontology, which permits him to conceive of the "christian supernatural", over and above the vertigos of interiority
Covu, Diégo. "Les formes du réalisme scientifique : l’empirisme de Locke et le naturalisme contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3078.
Full textThe very fact of being engaged in an explicative program, canonically called philosophical, calls us to this presupposition of an affinity between world and words. We propose in the introduction a coherentist approach to philosophical systems, defined as worldviews where ontology and epistemology are in charge of mutual support. In Locke’s empiricism, the epistemological line defined by his empiricism is coupled to a corpuscularist conception of reality. We’ll show that the lines of tension existing between those two positions are consolidated by a deeply realistic doxastic attitude, bringing to the famous thesis of the likeness between real and perceived first qualities. The science of that time is thus promoted by a rationalist line of a deep affinity between the categories that make our environment intelligible and the very reality. Today’s naturalism leans entirely on the intelligibility that we have of reality through scientific activities, so founding the reappearance of ontology as this ideal of rational access to reality, by means of largely a priori procedures, that our sciences flush. If the pretentions of the metaphysicians to meet those objectives have to be deceived, it seems more judicious to value the mathematical a priori which, pace Quine’s model of the seamless web of belief, seems empirically incorrigible. It’s unreasonable effectiveness in the heuristics of our fundamental sciences places effectively it in the very first line in the constitution of the different strata of objectivation of our environnement
Bartalesi, Lorenzo. "Histoire naturelle de l'esthétique : remarques philosophiques pour une esthétique naturaliste." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0043.
Full textThe thesis has for objective to question the possibility of establishing a naturalist program in the field of the aesthetics and to present a phylogenetic hypotheses of the aesthetic relation. Ln the first part we succeed in locating an epistemological model of the traditional philosophic aesthetics which makes problematic any headway of a naturalist program. From the analysis of this model we propose an ethological definition of the aesthetic relation as a cognitive relation between man and world which regulates by means of an intrinsic emotional reaction. The second chapter verifies the efficiency of this description by presenting the aesthetic relation as a common anthropological fact, which is an integral part of cultural and social practices. A model of the cognitive functioning of the aesthetic relation is thus proposed in the third chapter where, by the adoption of a minimal notion of intentionality, we place the naturalist program of aesthetic facts in the debate on the strategies of naturalization of the mental. Ln the last chapter we finally succeed in implementing a genealogical-evolutionist perspective on the aesthetic facts, and in supposing the evolutionary ancestors, as well as the causalities and the selective pressures, which led to the appearance of the aesthetic activity. In this direction the Darwinian notion of “sense of beauty” offers coordinates in order to study the native forms of the cognitive relation with aesthetic function and the way they evolved since their appearance on earth
Beillacou, Florence. "Tuer l'idéal. L'anti-romantisme de Zola et des naturalistes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA121.
Full textFrom the beginning of his literary career, Zola fought against Romanticism.This opposition allowed him to build the unity of the Naturalist movement, a movement which first sprung into existence with the publication of "Evenings at Médan" (1880), the collection of short stories co-written with Céard, Maupassant, Hennique, Alexis and Huysmans. Naturalist authors, united by their hatred for Romanticism, joined forces against yesteryears’ dominant movement to defend a new aesthetics and a new school of thought: Naturalism. Thanks to Zola’s efforts to publicise this controversy, Naturalists gained visibility in the press and the publishing sector. It is largely through this opposition to Romanticism that Naturalists developed their own, deeply anti-idealistic aesthetics, and defined their positions on issues such as literature’s relation to society and politics. Their anti-Romantic stance further shaped their works of fiction. Naturalist characters often appeared as victims of Romantic culture. Moreover, Naturalist authors developed their critical discourse by dismantling clichés considered as typically Romantic. Through the novel’s metadiscourse, they inserted anti-Romantic polemic in the fiction, in an often critical and self-reflexive way
Brousseau, Jérôme. "Le vieillissement normal, le vieillissement pathologique et la question de la fonction biologique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33027.
Full textIs aging a normal or a pathological process? To affirm the former leads to another question: how can we distinguish normal aging from its pathological deviations? This question is important since several domains in society, which are not directly concerned with matters of health and disease, are nevertheless subjected to medical intervention. Athletic and intellectual performance, or contraception and physical appearance, for instance, are all in the remit of medical interventions based on values such as productivity, youth, and fear of death. Naturalism in philosophy of medicine asserts that the distinction between health and disease can be based on natural criteria alone. With the prospect of delineating the scope of legitimate medical interventions, naturalism also hopes to avoid cultural relativism where health and disease are seen as context-dependant value judgments. This dissertation focuses on three approaches, each based on a different scientific field, namely: epidemiology, physiology and evolutionary biology. First, I consider the criterion of inevitability used in geriatrics and developed in the context of two of the most significant longitudinal studies of aging in North America. According to these studies, normal aging boils down to inevitable physiological change through time, which is based on statistical mean in an aging population. This kind of assumption has been notably criticized by the French philosopher George Canguilhem, and I conclude that it ultimately rely on value judgment. Secondly, I introduce the Biostatistical Theory (BST) of Christopher Boorse. In this naturalist theory, Boorse considers old age as a reference class of uniform functional design. According to the BST, a normal function is a statistically typical contribution of a part or process to their individual survival and reproduction. Yet, aging and old age are borderline cases for the BST because they are mostly the result of the twentieth-century epidemiological transition. For Boorse, the design and reference class need to be evolutionarily significant, and not based on sudden environmental changes. More recently, Boorse tends to consider aging as pathological, indirectly following Arthur Caplan’s assumption, because it has no selected functions. Finally I argue that Caplan’s assumption reprises methodological adaptationism which confuses the explanation of the evolutionary origin of a trait and its function. To support it, I analyze his arguments in light of the functional theories, the debates around the evolution of aging and the criticism of adaptationism. I assume from there the possibility that aging is an exaptation, having a function at other levels of biological organization namely at the ecosystem level. For example, ecosystem health could objectively delineate the premises of biomedical intervention to postpone aging and death. I generally conclude that a naturalist approach of normal and pathological aging is hard to defend. I think that digging deeper into a continuist approach could prove fruitful, while the notion of risk factor in epidemiology could open new ways to understand health and disease in aging.
Bandini, Aude. "De l'épistémologie à l'ontologie : science, métaphysique et philosophie de l'esprit dans l'oeuvre de Wilfrid Sellars." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10097.
Full textWaymel, Olivier. "Les problèmes philosophiques et la légitimité du naturalisme : une étude des conceptions de Thomas Nagel." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040212.
Full textIn his works, especially in The View From Nowhere, Thomas Nagel offers a unified reflection on some philosophical fundamental issues such as the mind-body link, the personal identity, the liberty, the knowledge and the relationship between reason and reality. He sees these matters as various forms of a sole issue: The conflict between certain aspects of our subjective understanding of reality - the one resulting from our spontaneous reflection as particular beings - and other aspects of an objective one - independent from our specific nature and which science facts imposed on us and that we try to develop. We have led a double task: first, to put forward Nagel’s conceptions of nature and of the origin of the philosophical issues at stake, then, to elaborate on these thoughts. Nagel’s conceptions allow, indeed, to give a new and fruitful definition of metaphysics as a reflection on the conflicts between the internal and external point of views. It also theoretically allows, to develop a typology of the possible solutions that can be brought to metaphysical concerns, to understand nature and the common responsibility - the idealistic and anti-metaphysical ones - of the main philosophical movements of the first part of the twentieth century. Wittgenstein’s phenomenology and philosophy that is. Eventually, this typology helps clarifying the reflection upon specific metaphysical issues and measuring the impact of the arguments at stake. We have came to this point by taking into consideration two specific metaphysical issues : the mind-body link and the perception
Graber, Abraham. "A methodologically naturalist defense of ethical non-naturalism." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1327.
Full textLe, Goff Anne. "L'être humain comme animal rationnel : l'idée de seconde nature de John McDowell." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0010.
Full textHow can the human being be conceveid as a rational animal ? The contemporary philosopher John McDowel seeks to revive this Aristotelian idea in order to offer a non-reductive naturalism. The human being needs to be thought of as natural being, yet it does not imply to renounce a strong conception of reason as autonomous (in a Kantian way). The only thing we need is to enlarge our concept of naturebeyond the realm of natural science : nature can also be "second nature", that is both genuinely rational and natural. It first explain McDowell's idea of second nature. Second nature means that rational capacities acquired through human education are natural. This idea is the basic for a non-reductive naturalism that also is a rationalism. Then, I offer a criticism of McDowell's conception. The chief difficulty is that he maintains two heterogeneous concepts of nature : the rational second nature is notintelligible in the same way than nature in general, defined by McDowell as the realm of natural science. I suggest that a consistent non-reductive naturalism needs to overcome this duality of natures, so that reason's development can be conceveid as taking place within nature. It is the only way that a dualismbetween reason and nature can be avoided, as McDowell wishes. Contemporary trends in ethology as well as philosophers like Cora Diamond show possible ways to develop this idea
Gengoux, Nicole. "Le "Theophrastus redivivus" ou l'athéisme comme position philosophique à l'Age classique." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSF0048.
Full textThe Theophrastus Redivivus, an illicit voluminous anonymous treatise written in 1659, shows that atheism could be a philosophical position in itself. Building up a reading method to decipher this libertine text, we were able to show that it was not a simple “collage” of quotations from Antiquity and Italian Renaissance sources, but that it provided a coherent argumentation, a complete materialist system including canonics, physics, and ethics. Even a policy based on the individual natural law is sketched up. The Theophrastus allows us to correct the machiavelian « libertine’s » traditional image. The classical theory of the imposture of religions does not prevent a reassessment of them: religions essential core, a kind of minimal credo, is the expression of a natural law, that of self- love. The people is able to understand priests’ cunning tricks, and the “Sage” doesn’t part completely from him: the treatise itself has an educational value. The anonymous author’s ontology displays dynamic naturalism which inherits from the padovan aristotelism, but breaks off from the pantheistic or animated naturalism of the Renaissance, and anticipates Spinoza’s naturalism. Modernity is seen as digging its roots into the Padovan Aristotelian tradition, independently from modern physics and Descartes. The Theophrastus is a missing link between “erudite libertinage” and “radical Enlightenment”. Finally it shows that the natural law tradition is not specifically Christian: for the atheist, politics replaces metaphysics. While explaining beliefs, atheism is the expression of the perpetual struggle of reason against imagination, two productions of nature
Poirot-Betting, Estelle. "La relation entre deux compréhensions du monde : science et théologie. Conditions, modalités." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0076/document.
Full textThis work in theology has for object the study of the relation between science and theology, considered as two understandings of the world. The study starts with a set of scientific authors, philosophers and theologians. A first stage puts the problem from sciences. It reveals a diversity of approaches which lead to examine the question of naturalism at work in science and in philosophy. Naturalism shows itself more differentiated than it appears at first sight. The reflection continues with theologians. It consists in studying the way they thought about the relation between science and theology. This examination indicates a difference between theologians with a scientific origin and others because of a different relationship to science. The study also shows that the relation between science and theology entails the mediation of philosophy according to different perspectives: theism, philosophy of nature, metaphysics. These perspectives condition the possibility of a natural theology and the place which is granted to it. They also show that the consideration of scientific understanding of the world has philosophical and theological consequences. This requires to think, for example, about causality in work in nature and consequently about God’s action in the world
Grino, Claire. "Corps, genre et nouvelles technologies biomédicales : reconfigurations antinaturalistes au sein des théories féministes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010523/document.
Full textThe biological materiality of the human body has become an object of unprecedented interventions through “new biomedical technologies” as medically assisted procreation, genetic tests, or hormonal contraception. This thesis interrogates the difficulties inherent to anti-naturalist approaches in order to address the biological dimension of sexed bodies. “One is not born a woman, one becomes one”, but is this also true for the body? The analytical frames of materialist or deconstructivist feminism cannot cease the modalities through which biomedical technologies invest the flesh. Do biomedical technologies make constructivist approaches obsolete through the revenge of a biological – hormonal, genetic, molecular – ground that tops the anatomical effects of socialization? Partisans of a feminist “material turn” seem to think so. After analyzing how the molecular biology revolution changes the very concept of nature in defining it as “life itself”, I offer an alternative interpretation by defining biomedical technologies as technologies of power that stem from a molecular biopolitics of gender. Instead of overturning constructivist perspectives, these new social mediations (residing on a new epistemic paradigm) help understanding a shift in what has been seen as the limits of gender. This shift creates unprecedented identities, experiences and subjectivities of gender. In exposing the coordinates of the biomedical apparatus, this comparative study between disciplinary techniques and molecular biopolitics of gender pleads for a renewed anti-naturalist critique that takes the form of a critique of technology in order to allow for a collective appropriation of biomedical technologies
Cazes, Denis Raymond Robert. "Le corps agrandi : enjeux anthropologiques de la philosophie biologique française de la technique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30012.
Full textBiological philosophy of technics progressively developped rom a debate of ideas depending both on the 19th century's issues and on antique philosophical information holdings. What emerges is a thesis about actions that make a civilized man and about the origins and attributes of his control over the world through technical progress and the magnifying effect that arises as a result for individual or collective systems. it was a ground-breaking program as it was in favour of the principle of a new practice of philosophy and it portayed itself as a judge and a substitute for religion. The philosophy of technics started resisting such challenges which, originally were under German, English and French influence. By doing so it risked losing sight of several aspects : the meaning of its natural philosophical legitimity, that of its vocation for interdisciplinarity, the access to a latent potential inside it, Man's definitional field and the subject of image. Recognizing what the philosophy of technics is from what it used to be requires some conditions : an effort to clarify the study of its official sources, an enlargement of the circle of competent authorities, turning away from concordism, resisting, through analysis, the negative bias poured out over it by the criticism of naturalism. This is the cost at which the philosophy of technics will be able to retsore, in its bosom, a sense of a transition that should move it away, but not cut it from, a too prevalent evolutionism, as well as it should keep its interest for the subject of Man. In France, such a mutation can be observed in a trio of authors : Bergson, Simondon and Leroi-Gourhan
Roldan, Sébastien. "Poétique du suicide dans le roman naturaliste : natures et philosophies de la mort volontaire (1857-1898)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100096.
Full textHow did the French Naturalist novelists portray suicide? How did they deal with the romantic overtones of self-murder, a theme so strongly linked to the sentimental outbursts voiced by the previous generation of writers? Far from being banned for excessive romanticism suicide, albeit the object of openly expressed disdain by Naturalists, spreads its fiery black wings over much of the theoretically barren land that is the body of realistic novels complying – overtly or unwittingly – with the principles of Le Roman expérimental. The flaming, menacing, and enigmatic shadow thus cast over an intently objective and scientific literature is surprisingly apt at developing both polemic and polysemous fruits, and as it turns out sheds new light under the frightened but eager scrutiny of these novelists who found themselves fascinated by its great mystery, both sublime and deadly. If the state of knowledge at the time made suicide a problem essentially pertaining to medical and natural science, Naturalist literature itself was intent on synchronizing its depictions with the data, approach, and lexicon presented in scientific treatises. Yet suicide in these novelists’ fictions is loaded with a distinct philosophical sense which demands to be studied closely. Twelve Naturalist novels centered around self-murder, covering a forty-year period (1857-1898), stemming from Flaubert, Goncourt, Zola, Daudet, Maupassant, and Rod, serve as main ground for our investigation of eight chief interrogations, following two main orientations: we first review the diverse natures of suicide, then its many philosophies. Throughout are contemplated the literary and speculative reach of voluntary death
Bellavance, Julie. "De l'ambiguïté entre naturalisme et abstraction : le double regard dans le processus du dessin lithographique et de son impression." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33471.
Full textEtchegaray, Claire. "La croyance naturelle chez David Hume et Thomas Reid : scepticisme et réalisme." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20010.
Full textThe aim of this study is to examine how David Hume's and Thomas Reid's philosophies promoted the concept of belief in order to be able to rethink the so-called "traditional logic", and the metaphysical reflection on the reliability of our natural faculties. Fisrtly, the philosophical opposition between the two thinkers requires that we redefine the respective meanings that they have given to the notion of "natural belief", without taking into account the subsequent connotations that arose from the debates of the nineteenth century. Secondly, the goal is to understand if and how a philosophy such as Hume's, which takes on a critical distance, is able to account for our natural realism ; but also to understand what meaning a philosophy such as Reid's, which is realistic by principle, might give to the notion of natural belief. Since belief is regarded as a fact of nature, how can it be epistemologically justified and imputable to our responsability ? What epistemologies and what ethics of belief do Hume's and Reid's naturalistic decisions imply ? The first part is devoted to the elucidation of the concept of belief whose role is prima facie to promote a logic of the existing by redefining judgment as mental behaviour. The second part aims at evaluating the consistency of the promoted psychologies, considering their respective options in metaphysics. Henceforth the link between scepticism and naturalism for Hume, and between theism and naturalism for Reid can be drawn, and their respective athics of belief outlined
Heusch, Carlos. "La philosophie de l'amour dans l'Espagne du XVe siècle." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734876.
Full textCailleba, Patrice. "L'individu chez Marx." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040063.
Full textInterested by the conceptions of the individual in Marx's Philosophy, we distinguished three different types belonging to three distinct political philosophies. The first individual, best represented by the Greek citizen, is defined by reason and freedom. We usually talk about "rationalist-liberal humanism". The second individual is the "generic being", heir of Feuerbach's and Hegel's philosophy. This "dialectical Naturalism" deprives the individual of his own liberty and lets the Gender, i. E. Nature, be the only will who decides. The last individual is the class. The human being is considered as a social and economical determinated person belonging to a definite social class (the working class or the bourgeoisie). History, but not Man, reigns over the world. This philosophy is named "historical Materialism". The development of those three philosophies corresponds to the 1841-1846 years. After 1846, when Marx is convinced that he found the good definition of the individual and that his last philosophy is right - because he "understood" the direction of History -, he plans to apply it to his new research field: political economy. Thus, Marx's work following 1846 must be considered through the individual definition he gave in "The German ideology", written when he was 28. Nevertheless, Marx's political philosophy ends in failure. First, his philosophies are undermined by dialectic, inspired by Plato and Hegel, which ruins all Marx's work. Then, because he does not acknowledge the possibility of a free act, Marx does not include liberty within his political philosophy. Finally the German philosopher turns out to be an anti-political thinker
Muller, Laurent. "De l’histoire de la philosophie à la philosophie de l’avenir : l’évolution de la morale d’après Jean-Marie Guyau." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100144/document.
Full textAt the time of evolutionist science and the decline of the religious absolute, what moral obligation can be thought and practised nowadays ? Such is the problem Jean-Marie Guyau, a French philosopher of the late 19th century, intends to make a decisive contribution to.In this research work, we suggest rediscovering the logical and chronological route followed by Guyau to elaborate his own thought. This thought has to be understood as the logical outcome of a raised issue which starts by studying the history of moral philosophy.After elaborating a method of comment upon past doctrines, Guyau thinks he can interpret the history of morality as an antagonism between naturalism (from Epicurus to Mill and Spencer) and idealism (from Epictetus to Kant and Fouillée). A thorough scrutiny allows Guyau to show the gaps of each of these traditions : idealism absolutises what is only hypothetical ; the obligation theorized by sensualism is dissolved by this same theory ; as for evolutionism, the ultimate shape taken by the science of customs, its view of the future is wrongfully based on the model of the past. From then on, obligation cannot be conceived either as categorical or as instinctive any more : it must be thought from the principle which involves as few presuppositions (life) as possible, and must not be considered as uniform but anomic any more. Relying on naturalist beginnings, Guyau’s philosophy then tries to idealize the moral existence of Man ; this increase in vitality is mainly handed over through education. Actually, not only does Guyau reconsider its purpose, i-e raising moral standards, but also its means, namely suggestion
D'Ambrosio-Boudet, Flore. "De l’espèce humaine : affronter l’urgence écologique avec Robert Antelme et Hans Jonas." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100040/document.
Full textThe starting point of my study is the observation that the current ecological emergency (global warming, biodiversity crisis, pollution) shapes our long-term historical condition. The ecological emergency, which results from identifiable economic and social activities, threatens the continued sustainability of a wide range of species and places the future of our species in jeopardy. My dissertation in philosophy consequently explores the concept of human species, which I address from the point of view of its evolving and ecological naturality. In so doing, I intend to take note of the end of a pre-Darwinian definition, and at the same time I refuse to pave the way for any racialist biologism and for the criminal hierarchies it brought about. What is at stake here for theoretical research is the elaboration of an ontology of human species, which will not give in to any deceptive naturalizing doctrine and will provide us with landmarks to face the ecological emergency. This ontology builds upon two authors, Hans Jonas and Robert Antelme, who endured the experience of Nazism. Their works are central to elaborate a non-reductionist dialectical monism, which can generate an ethics of our life in the world and an ethics of greater recognition and extended solidarity. I argue that the ecological emergency is political in so far as it is the future of collective destinies which is at stake. My approach dismisses the urge to save the human species – or parts of it - by resorting to biotechnological enhancements which would supposedly help our species to step beyond the catastrophe or even beyond “humanity” while shirking our responsibility here and now. I accordingly claim that deeper consideration of planetary boundaries - as well as the spectre of death and the desire for power they imply - calls for a work on the conditions in which humans and non-humans can properly inhabit the world and the democratic experience can be renewed without giving way to panic
Darsel, Sandrine. "Musique, propriétés expressives et émotions." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21008/document.
Full textQuel est le rapport entre la musique et les émotions sous ses deux aspects (les propriétés expressives et les émotions de l'auditeur) ? Telle est la question centrale de cette étude. Ce problème s'inscrit dans une longue tradition de débats et de réflexions qui ont nourri les disciplines scientifiques telles que la philosophie, la sociologie, la psychologie, la musicologie, les sciences cognitives, etc., tout autant que les expériences des acteurs du domaine musical (musiciens, auditeurs, compositeurs, critiques musicaux, danseurs...). Il était donc important de proposer une réflexion ouvrant un accès à ce débat, tout en lui apportant une contribution spécifique. Cette étude s'interroge tout d'abord au sujet du mode d'existence des oeuvres musicales, à travers une réflexion approfondie sur la musique sous ses différents formes (classique, traditionnelle, jazz, rock, de variété, etc.). Une deuxième artie est consacrée à l'expression musicale des émotions : que signifie l'attribution de propriétés expressives aux oeuvres musicales ? Enfin, une troisième partie examine la question de la compréhension d'une oeuvre musicale, avec la querelle opposant les tenants du cognitivisme et ceux de l'émotivisme. La thèse défendue ici va à l'encontre des conceptions habituelles. Le plus souvent, il est admis que les énoncés esthétiques attribuant des propriétés expressives à la musique n'ont pas d'implications ontologiques et ne peuvent prétendre à la vérité. A l'inverse, il s'agit de défendre l'idée selon laquelle les propriétés expressives, loin d'être des projections de l'esprit, des manières de parler ou encore des propriétés réductibles aux propriétés physiques de base, sont réelles et extrinsèques. En ce sens, cette thèse s'inscrit dans le courant du réalisme esthétique qui prend le risque d'y articuler une ontologie immanentiste d'accueil et un émotivisme rationnel
Jacob, Jean. "La subversion écologiste : contribution à une nouvelle intelligence de l'écologie politique." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020001.
Full textCharbonnier, Pierre. "Les rapports collectifs à l’environnement naturel : un enjeu anthropologique et philosophique." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1056/document.
Full textAnthropology and philosophy share a common interest in the idea of nature. Both of themaddress the value of this fundamental element of the Western conceptual framework and thegeneral signification of the alleged great divide between nature and society, or culture. Overthis common interrogation they are also facing the same issues and paradoxes.Nevertheless anthropology benefits from its comparative approach, which brings toknowledge different cosmological patterns, some of them dealing without the very idea ofnature. This thesis is an historical and critical exploration of some key classicalanthropological theories of the collective relationships with natural environment. Namely, theDurkheimian school of social sciences, the structural anthropology of Claude Lévi-Straussand his followers, and the present day anthropology of nature, which constitutes the main lineof French social anthropology. The core hypothesis of this work is that social anthropology isintimately linked to the theoretical acknowledgment of the role played by the idea of nature inour historical dynamics. What we usually call modernity, and in what sense it differs fromother social formations, are major anthropological concerns. These questions lead to acritical examination of the ecological thought from an anthropological point of view. Ifenvironmental philosophy is in a sense a way out of modern naturalism, which terms andconditions are required to make it possible and legitimate ?
Choi, Hee-Bong. "Hume's naturalism and scepticism." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240623.
Full textLiu, Nan. "L'idéal extra-mondain et la valeur des montagnes-eaux : sur l'invention de shanshui et le naturalisme dans les milieux lettrés en Chine des Wei-Jin (220-420)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH018.
Full textGenerally regarded as the object of art, the subject of literature and Chinese aesthetic category, Shanshui (mountains-waters) is believed to be relevant to aesthetical feelings as well as the philosophical concept of nature that is different from that of the West. However, the modern construction of Shanshui through the prism of nature does not integrate the multiple landscape practices historically founded in the gentry's tradition, which had contributed to the invention of mountains-waters: eremitism, immortality seeking, excursion, gathering of literary circles, and the creation of poetry, paintings and gardens. Focusing on the history of Wei-Jin (220-420) after the fall of the Han dynasty, exposing the particular contexts, analyzing the notion of 'Ziran' in the Xuanxue school, gathering and translating the writings and thematic poems showing the extra-mundane movements and tendencies in literate milieus under this time, this thesis aims to show that Shanshui, rather than being constituted by the duality of nature and art, has been invented as a cultural paradigm to confront, in a bipolarization of the reality of ruling gentry class, the Confucian space and the Taoist space, service and disengagement, mundane concerns and pursuit of the Ideal beyond society. Around Shanshui the ideas and values such as authenticity, deep affection, virtue, liberty, naturalism, mysticism, creativity and immanent transcendence are crystallized, in this way, we may assume the co-birth of mountains-waters and an ideal type of Chinese classical humanism
山水研究以往側重于詩歌,繪畫與哲學分析,并普遍將山水視為自然再現,自然情感與某種不同於西方自然觀的審美表達。然而,“相對不同”的判定卻是建立在自然/文化兩分的現代二元范式的“普世應用”上的。因為僅僅強調山水源於“發現自然”並不能整合與山水緊密相關且貫穿於士傳統中的文化實踐:如隱逸,遊仙,遊覽,雅集,以及對世外理想之境的不懈書寫,描畫與營造。本論文考察了魏晉時期(220-420)的社會,政治與文化背景:名教自然的對立,隱逸遊仙的結合,魏晉風度,衣冠南渡,僑立,宗教興起,道釋義理在文化士族內部經由玄學促生的思想轉向等;通過分析魏晉玄學中的自然概念,整理翻譯相關的歷史文本與詩歌,試圖說明,與其說山水是自然/藝術的二元構建,毋寧說山水是士階層在仕與隱,經世與玄遠,世表與塵外的現實兩極化中所創建的一種文化範式。圍繞山水,凝聚了一系列具有重要文化特徵的理念与價值——保真,養身,自足,逍遙,自然主義,暢神玄覽,內在超越與審美理想。這意味著與山水共生的是一種中國古典人文主義的理想型。
Stein, Dan J. "Philosophy of psychopharmacology : a naturalist approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21761.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of psychiatric medication is an important part of modern medical and psychiatric practice. Clinical psychopharmacology raises a broad range of philosophical issues, including metaphysical, epistemological, and moral questions. This dissertation attempts to provide a conceptual framework for addressing several of these questions, and for formulating a conceptual basis for psychiatry in general and clinical psychopharmacology in particular. The dissertation begins by heuristically contrasting two broad approaches towards a range of questions in the philosophy of science, language, and medicine. A classical position takes an essentialist and objective view of categories while a critical position emphasizes that categories are often metaphoric and subjective. A synthetic or integrated position might be possible, in which radial categories are often based on metaphoric extensions of basic-level sensorimotor-affective experience, and are embodied in the brain-mind and in social practices. Rather than attempt to defend an integrated position in purely conceptual terms, the dissertation supports this view of categories using data from the cognitive-affective sciences. An important category for philosophy of medicine is disorder, and the dissertation argues that certain universal considerations explain agreement about prototypical disorders. Extensions of disorder metaphors are theory-driven and valueladen, and although disagreement about atypical conditions is likely, reasonable debate is possible. The dissertation then considers several conceptual questions, namely the nature of psychotropics, of emotion, and of the self. In each case, a classical position which attempts an essentialist definition is contrasted with a critical position which emphasizes that these constructs are socially constructed and crucially subjective. Cognitiveaffective data is then employed to support an integrative position which emphasizes the embodiment of complex brain-mind phenomena in the brain-mind and in social practices. Explanatory questions considered are how best to explain pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, how to account for placebo responses, and the relevance of evolutionary explanations of disorder. It is argued that a functionalist account fails to explain psychopharmacological phenomena, including pharmacotherapy and placebo effects. Instead, an account which emphasizes how psychobiological mechanisms produce complex brain-mind phenomena is needed. Evolutionary explanations add to this account, but cannot by themselves differentiate disorder from non-disorder. Ethical questions include the question of whether psychiatric disorders should be treated, whether such disorders should be treated with psychotropics, and whether psychotropics should be used to enhance. The cognitive-affective sciences support the treatment of typical disorders. In more atypical cases, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and non-medical interventions should be considered on an individual basis. As technologies expand, considerations about the value of accepting fate versus the value of attempting to improve life by a range of methods, will need to be weighed carefully. In summary, this dissertation puts forward a philosophy of psychopharmacology which argues that psychiatry practice can be viewed, naturalistically, as based on the natural and human sciences. At the same time, good psychiatric practice involves an engagement with the complex realities of the human condition, including a consideration of individuals’ suffering. Good psychopharmacological practice requires integrating the objective and the subjective, considering both explanation and understanding, and providing a balanced view of the good and bad of psychotropics that avoids both unrealistic optimism and undue pessimism.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van psigiatriese medikasie maak belangrike deel uit van moderne mediese en psigiatriese praktyk. Psigofarmakologie bring wye reeks filosofiese kwessies ter sprake, met inbegrip van metafisiese, epistemologiese, en morele vrae. Hierdie proefskrif poog om konseptuele raamwerk te verskaf ten einde verskeie van hierdie vrae die hoof te bied, en na die formulering van konseptuele basis vir psigiatrie in die algemeen en kliniese psigofarmakologie in die besonder om te sien. Die proefskrif begin deur twee algemene benaderings ten opsigte van reeks vrae in die filosofie van wetenskap, taal en geneeskunde te kontrasteer. Klassieke posisie huldig essensialistiese en objektiewe siening van kategorieë, terwyl kritiese posisie klem daarop lê dat kategorieë dikwels metafories en subjektief is. Sintetiese of geïntegreerde posisie is dalk moontlik, met radiale kategorieë wat dikwels op metaforiese uitbreidings van konsepte op basiese vlak sensorimotor-affektiewe ervaring gebaseer word, en in die bewussyn-brein en in sosiale gebruike vergestalt word. Eerder as om te probeer om geïntegreerde posisie in suiwer konseptuele terme te verdedig, steun die proefskrif hierdie siening van kategorieë met behulp van data uit die kognitiewe-affektiewe wetenskappe. Belangrike kategorie vir die filosofie van geneeskunde is steuring, en die proefskrif voer aan dat sekere universele oorwegings ’n verklaring bied vir ooreenstemming ten opsigte van prototipiese steurings. Uitbreidings van die steuring metafoor is teoriegedrewe en waardebelaai, en alhoewel daar waarskynlik meningsverskil omtrent atipiese toestande kan voorkom, is redelike bespreking haalbaar. Die proefskrif neem dan verskeie konseptuele vrae in aanmerking, naamlik die aard van psigotropika, van emosie, en van die self. In elke geval word klassieke posisie wat essensialistiese definisie aandurf, gekontrasteer met kritiese posisie wat beklemtoon dat hierdie konstrukte sosiaal gekonstrueer en besonder subjektief is. Kognitiewe-affektiewe data word dan aangewend om integratiewe posisie te handhaaf wat die vergestalting van komplekse bewussyn-brein fenomene in die bewyssyn-brein en in sosiale praktyke beklemtoon. Verklarende vrae het aandag geskenk aan die beste wyse om farmakoterapie en psigoterapie te verklaar, aan die wyse waarop placebo-reaksies verklaar kan word, en aan die rol van proksimale en evolusionêre verklarings. Daar word aangevoer dat funksionalistiese verklaring nie daarin slaag om psigofarmakologiese verskynsels, met inbegrip van farmakoterapie en placebo-effekte, te verklaar nie. In plaas daarvan word verklaring wat beklemtoon hoe psigobiologiese meganisme komplekse fenomene kan laat ontstaan, benodig. Evolusionêre verklarings dra tot hierdie verklaring by, maar kan nie op sigself steuring van niesteuring onderskei nie. Etiese vrae sluit die vraag in of psigiatriese steurings behandel moet word, of sodanige steurings met psigotropika behandel moet word, en of psigotropika gebruik moet word om te verhoog. Die kognitief-affektiewe wetenskappe ondersteun die behandeling van tipiese steuringe. In meer atipiese gevalle moet farmakoterapie, psigoterapie, en nie-mediese intervensies op individuele basis oorweeg word. Algaande tegnologieë uitbrei, moet ons oorwegings van die waarde van lotsaanvaarding sowel as die waarde van ’n poging om ’n mens se lewe te verbeter, versigtig in ag neem. Ter opsomming, hierdie proefskrif stel filosofie van psigofarmakologie voor wat aanvoer dat psigiatriese praktyk naturalisties verstaan kan word, soos gebaseer op die natuur- en geesteswetenskappe. Terselfdetyd, behels goeie psigofarmakologiese praktyk ‘n verwantskap met die komplekse werklikhede van die menslike kondisie. Dit vereis ‘n omvattende oorweeging van en omgang met individuele pasiënte se lyding. Goeie psigofarmakologiese praktyk integreer die “objektiewe” en die “subjektiewe” aspekte van die menslike bestaan, streef na sowel verklaring en verstaan, verskaf ‘n gebalanseerde perspektief oor die goed en die sleg van psigiatriese medikasies, en middel tussen onrealistiese optimisme en buitensporige pessimisme.
Luglia, Rémi. "L'émergence de la protection de la nature en France (1854-1939) : la Société d’acclimatation, témoin et acteur du courant naturaliste." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0011.
Full textHe aim of this thesis is to explain the emergence of the conservation of nature in France from the mid-19th century while highlighting the naturalists a specific movement. The ‘Société d’Acclimatation’ was born in 1854 with the utilitarian idea that nature is submitted to man’s needs. It knows a Golden Age before being deeply touched, from the 1880’s, by an internal crisis which favors the arrival of Edmond Perrier as the chairman, a truly convinced conservationist, speeds up at the same time its reorientation towards the conservation of nature. From the beginning, many ways lead a great number of members to a kind of conservation mainly thought from a metropolitan point of view of the situation. From a scientific hands-on approach mixing professionals and amateurs, a new scientific, ecosystemic and biocentred conception of the conservation of nature emerges. The ‘Société’ relies on the state to set up this conservation, successive failures lead it gradually to the more direct action of creating natural reserves. This slow movement becomes effective through the individualisation of an ornithological sub group (‘Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux’) and the preservation in 1912 of the Sept-Îles, the organisation of the first two international congresses for the conservation of nature in Paris in 1923 and 1931, the creation of the sanctuaries in Camargue in 1927, of Néouvielle in 1935 and of Lauzanier in 1936 as well as a group dedicated to the conservation of nature in 1933. The transformation ends after WWII when the ‘Société d'Acclimatation’ becomes the ‘Société nationale de protection de la nature’
Tiefensee, Christine Marx Johannes. "Moral realism : a critical analysis of metaethical naturalism /." Marburg : Tectum Verlag, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783828895348.
Full textChilders, Matthew Raymond. "A metaphilosophy of naturalism." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6393.
Full textSouza, Elaine Cristina Borges de. "A teoria de mundo-próprio de Jakob Von Uexkull: entre a metafísica e o naturalismo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6273.
Full textThis work proposes to analyze the philosophical meanig of the theory of "self-world" (in German, Umwelt) devoloped by the biologist Jakob Von Uexkull. Among different interpretations proposed by important philophers, the theory is situted between an eventual metaphysics and a particular form of naturalism regarding to the way how different lived organisms perceive and act on the environment. To make possible this study, this work is divided in tree chapters. The fist on is dedicated to an analysis on the wide influence that Uexkull had from Kant s ideas and that indicates the philosophical basis of his theoretical biology. In the second chapter, we will analyze Heidegger interpretation that understands the theory of self-world in a particular metalphisical meaning. In the third chapter, we will examine the interpratation that understands the theory of sel-world as an altenative form of naturalism which breaks away the cartesian dualism in Merleau-Ponty view. From this showing, it is proposed to evaluate the eventual interpretations for the theory of self-world and their philosophical consequences
Gacoin-Marks, Florence. "Le roman réaliste slovène de l'entre-deux-guerres dans le contexte européen." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040116.
Full textThe first part of the dissertation is concerned with novels following the 19th century realist tradition without any other influence. The first chapter presents two novels, which show a marked influence of Balzac's realism, although the impact of Duma's work is also quite strong. The second chapter is centred upon a naturalistic novel. The third chapter examines the "community novel" which developed under Zola's and Reymont's influence during the 1930's. The second part deals with novels, which move away from he European realist tradition and show other influences. In the first chapter the author discusses the decomposition of naturalist writing. The second chapter analyses the novels which were written under the influence of Knut Hamsun and other ruralist writers. The third chapter deals with the socialist turn which developed especially under the influence of Soviet literature: a generational novel, a proletarian novel, and an attempt at pure socilaist realism
Paratte, Réjane. "Produire avec la nature : ou comment la production intégrée recompose les agents biologiques, chimiques et humains dans une arboriculture marchande." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0553.
Full textThis research examines the nature/culture relationship within industrial agriculture, especially the production of fruit in Switzerland and France. It analyses the reconfiguration of human and non human agencies associated with the implementation of methods aimed at reducing the use of pesticides, namely integrated production. Drawing on an ethnographic work, the analysis focuses on the growers' activities: the establishment of modern orchards and the pests that challenge them, the key work of monitoring the orchard in order to address the risk of damages, the mobilization of processes based on natural functioning to address these pests, the use of chemical weapons supplementing or substituting these biological and ecological processes, and finally the marketing of fruits. This work reveals the complexity of the challenges with which growers are confronted: integrated production requires rethinking crop protection practices while keeping tyhe modern orchard. Producing with nature therefore adds biological control tools and environmental and health objectives to existing chemical tools and market objectives which have brought about the vulnerability to pest. The difficulty of fighting against the enemies of the orchard reveals a concept of nature governed by the market but that can never be totally standardized, a nature that evolves according to human and non human actions forcing growers to adapt to these ever-changing conditions
Guillibert, Paul. "Terre et capital : penser la destruction de la nature à l'âge de catastrophes globales." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100069.
Full textWhat does “Gaia’s intrusion’’ change to socialist thought and in particular to Marxism? Can we maintain the critique of capitalism and the revolutionary project “in times of disasters’’? This work defends that the contemporary destruction of nature imposes a triple task on the philosophy inherited from Marxism. First, capitalism must be rethought on the basis of its long-term environmental history. It will then appear as a system that evolves and transforms itself according to the natures it appropriates. Secondly, thinking about the destruction of nature implies a naturalistic ontology on which one can base a critique of destructive social practices and from which it is possible to imagine new natural relationships. Third, we are witnessing the spontaneous intervention of a multiplicity of non-human beings in our social histories. This agency of “historical natures’’ changes the soil of our political experiences and recomposes our revolutionary cosmopolitics. Provided that it is rethought on the basis of the experience of the destruction of nature, historical materialism can provide the necessary impetus for the formulation of a social emancipation programme adapted to the age of global disasters
Chonabayashi, Ryo. "A defence of metaphysical ethical naturalism." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/26860/.
Full textThomas, Christopher. "The place of art in Spinoza's naturalist philosophy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237177.
Full textFama, Melissa. "Naturalism and nonsense, quine and Wittgenstein on ethics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ67813.pdf.
Full text梁敏兒 and Man-yee Leung. "Naturalism and Mao Dun's literary theory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208733.
Full textEck, Eric Christopher. "In defense of Provisory Methodological Naturalism." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8227/.
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