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Journal articles on the topic 'Naturalistic landscapes'
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Zadegan, Yousef R., Bridget K. Behe, and Robert Gough. "Consumer Preferences for Native Plants in Montana Residential Landscapes and Perceptions for Naturalistic Designs." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-26.2.109.
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Abstract In a preliminary study, consumer perceptions of native plants in traditional and naturalistic settings was investigated. In Montana, 361 participants in an internet study reported their familiarity with both woody and herbaceous native plant species. Additional data were collected to determine their perceptions of native plants used in naturalistic designs through a conjoint study. Nearly half of the study participants recognized or had purchased most of the native plants shown in photographs. Results of the conjoint study showed that participants placed the greatest relative importance (62%) on landscape style as the most important factor in landscape design. They also preferred a naturalistic style over a more traditional style and mixed plant species to single species. Across all comparisons, the high relative importance of landscape style remained constant and was consistent with prior studies. Plant material (21.9%) and species diversity (16.2%) were half the relative importance of design style and remained relatively consistent through most comparisons. Even among those participants not familiar with native plants and those who had not purchased native plants, native plants were preferred in the landscapes. The demand for native plants may be reaching a critical stage for both commercial growers and the landscape profession. Although this study was limited to one state, results show that consumer interest is present and further investigation is warranted.
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Özgüner, H., A. D. Kendle, and R. J. Bisgrove. "Attitudes of landscape professionals towards naturalistic versus formal urban landscapes in the UK." Landscape and Urban Planning 81, no. 1-2 (May 2007): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.002.
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Alexandre, Fernando Da Silva, Ana Lúcia Bezerra Candeias, and Daniel Dantas Moreira Gomes. "Modelagem cartográfica para a delimitação das paisagens da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Curso do Rio Mundaú - Pernambuco/Alagoas, Nordeste, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 7 (January 31, 2020): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.7.p2489-2502.
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A noção de paisagem está presente na memória do ser humano antes mesmo da elaboração do conceito. As sínteses naturalistas concebem a natureza através de uma ordem natural que promove a organização da superfície terrestre a partir dos elementos internos e externos do globo, essa ordem está passível de analise, já que se espacializa em áreas naturais homogêneas, dotadas de uma hierarquia. A bacia hidrográfica é uma excelente opção de investigação, é um sistema aberto, dinâmico, onde ocorrem trocas constantes de matéria e energia. As bacias hidrográficas, na condição de unidades funcionais de planejamento, esguardam paisagens. Assim para a delimitação das paisagens do alto curso, buscou-se correlacionar os fatores geológico-geomorfológico com a climatologia da bacia, o que resultou na delimitação de 8 unidades de paisagens, sendo elas: caatingas secas em relevo dissecado em ravina, caatingas subúmidas em relevo dissecado convexo, matas úmidas em relevo convexo, matas úmidas em relevo dissecado aguçado, matas úmidas em relevo pediplano degradado inumado, matas úmidas em relevo tabular, atas subúmidas em relevo tabular e matas úmidas em relevo dissecado aguçado. Cartographic modeling of the delimitation of landscapes in watershed of the high course of the Mundaú River – Pernambuco / Alagoas, Northeastern, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe notion of landscape is present in human memory even before the elaboration of this concept. Naturalistic syntheses conceive nature through a natural order that promotes the organization of the earth's surface from the inner and outer elements of the globe. This order is subject to analysis, since it is spatialized in homogeneous natural areas, endowed with a hierarchy. The watershed is an excellent research option. It is an open, dynamic system where constant exchanges of matter and energy occur. Watersheds, as functional planning units, protect landscapes. Thus, for the delimitation of the landscapes of the upper course, we sought to correlate the geological-geomorphological factors with the climatology of the basin, which resulted in the delimitation of 8 landscape units, namely: dried dry caatingas in ravine, submerged caatingas in convex dissected relief, convex embossed wetlands, sharp dissected embossed wetlands, smoked degraded pediplane embossed woods, tabular embossed wetlands, tabular embossed wetlands and thickened dissected embossed wetlands.Keywords: landscape cartography, landscape units, geosystems, landscape mapping.
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Farbod, Sara, Mustafa Kamal, and Suhardi Maulan. "Safety perception and concerns in naturalistic landscapes of urban parks in Malaysia." Security Journal 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/sj.2014.15.
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Tarlow, Sarah. "Landscapes of memory: The nineteenth-century garden cemetery." European Journal of Archaeology 3, no. 2 (2000): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2000.3.2.217.
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During the 1820s, 1830s and 1840s, garden cemeteries were founded in most cities in Britain. Their characteristic appearance owes much to a British tradition of naturalistic landscape design but has particular resonances in the context of death and mourning in the nineteenth century. This article considers some of the factors that have been significant in the development of the British landscape cemetery, including public health, class relationships and foreign influences (particularly that of Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris). It is argued that none of these things explains the popularity of this particular form of cemetery in Britain; rather, the garden cemetery offered an appealing and appropriate landscape for remembering the dead and mediating the relationship between the dead and the bereaved.
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Biegon, Glenn. "Caution—Objects Are Closer Than They Appear: Perspectively Inverted Pseudoscopic Images behind Accelerated Space." Leonardo 38, no. 3 (June 2005): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024094054029029.
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Perspective inversion reverses the flow of naturalistic pictorial space, creating a disorienting, anti-naturalistic sense of space. Inverted perspective's subversive power appears limited, however, given that no art-historical examples depict fully inverted objects in systematically inverted “unlimited spaces,” such as landscapes. The author addresses this limitation through analysis of “converse” and “pseudoscopic” 3D images—Charles Wheat-stone's two paradigms for inverting binocular depth. Wheatstone's inverted imagery proves geometrically identical to 3D art-historical precedents that conceal their perspective inversion: namely, relief sculpture, set design and architecture employing three-dimensionally “forced” perspective. As hinted by depth-inverted stereograms, linear perspective employed together with reversed overlapping cues systematically inverts unlimited space in both 2D and 3D pictures.
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Özgüner, H., and A. D. Kendle. "Public attitudes towards naturalistic versus designed landscapes in the city of Sheffield (UK)." Landscape and Urban Planning 74, no. 2 (January 2006): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.10.003.
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CARTER, JENNIFER. "Displacing Indigenous Cultural Landscapes: the Naturalistic Gaze at Fraser Island World Heritage Area." Geographical Research 48, no. 4 (October 26, 2010): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2010.00644.x.
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Cillis, Giuseppe, Dina Statuto, and Pietro Picuno. "Vernacular Farm Buildings and Rural Landscape: A Geospatial Approach for Their Integrated Management." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010004.
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Over the centuries, farm buildings, which accompany the development of agriculture, have played an important role in defining spatial and environmental planning. In some European countries in particular, these rural structures have been built based on traditional agricultural needs and typical land characteristics. Considering the land abandonment that has occurred over the last five decades, with farmers moving to more comfortable residences in neighboring urban settlements, historical farm buildings have often been abandoned, thus causing a leakage of the historical-cultural heritage of the rural landscape. Nowadays, open data and geographic technologies together with advanced technological tools allow us to gather multidisciplinary information about the specific characteristics of each farm building, thus improving our knowledge. This information can greatly support the protection of those buildings and landscapes that have high cultural and naturalistic value. In this paper, the potential of Geographic Information Systems to catalogue the farm buildings of the Basilicata region (Southern Italy) is explored. The analysis of these buildings, traditionally known as masserie, integrates some typical aspects of landscape studies, paving the way for sustainable management of the important cultural heritage represented by vernacular farm buildings and the rural landscape.
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Dushkova, Diana, and Maria Ignatieva. "New trends in urban environmental health research: from geography of diseases to therapeutic landscapes and healing gardens." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-99.
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Urban living style is associated with various negative impacts on human health, e.g. connected with the environmental problems. Thus, promoting health of urban population is nowadays one of the most challenging issues of the 21st century together with the growing needs for sustainable development and establishment of the biophilic or livable cities. It is increasing awareness among researchers and health practitioners of the potential benefits to the health from activities in natural settings and especially from regular contact with nature, which can be perceived as a preventive medical tool. This paper discusses the close relationship between the concepts of health-supporting landscapes and sustainability in modern cities based on literature review and case studies from EU, Russian and Australian projects. We first review the historical and modern paradigms (of the various disciplines) which determine the discourse in nature – human health and well-being research. This includes examination of Hippocrates «naturalistic history», Humboldt’s concept of natural garden design; Oertel ‘s ‘Terrain Kur’; «salutogenic approach» of Antonovsky; McHarg’s Design with Nature; Ecopolis programme, Wilson’s biophilia and some other approaches. Then there is a comparative analysis of structural similarities and differences in the past and current scientific schools devoted to understanding human – landscape interaction. One of the principal arguments is that nature also has another value for health, regardless of natural remedies. It includes, for example, the healing of space, outdoor training trails in parks, everyday use of urban green spaces and peri-urban recreation areas for sport and exercises. We provide an analysis of some examples based on the modern concepts of biophilic cities, therapeutic landscapes, healing gardens, green infrastructure and nature-based solutions. This article also discusses the main types of healing gardens and therapeutic landscapes and suggests the framework of design principles of healing and therapeutic landscapes. The analysis proved that healing gardens and therapeutic landscapes provide multiple benefits and can be regarded as nature-based solutions. These essential aspects of multifunctionality, multiculturality and social inclusion are well intertwined with the approach of biophilia.
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Alizadeh, Behdad, and James Hitchmough. "A review of urban landscape adaptation to the challenge of climate change." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-10-2017-0179.
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Purpose Urban landscapes play a significant role in supporting municipal, ecological and social systems. Besides, valuable environmental services and urban green spaces provide social and psychological services, very important for the liveability of modern cities and the well-being of urban residents. It is clear that the area of green space in a city, the method of designing urban landscape and access to urban green space potentially affect the health, happiness, comfort, safety and security of urban dwellers. Urban landscape plays a significant role in providing habitats for wildlife, and an important vegetation type in doing this is species-rich herbaceous vegetation that provides pollen and nectar plus physical habitat for native fauna. Any factor that makes an impression on the urban landscape (such as climate change) will affect people’s lives directly or indirectly. There is a universal consensus that the temperature has increased in most of the world over the past century the investigation of climate change impacts on the urban landscape is the purpose of this study. Findings Understanding the process of climate change adaptation is necessary to design plant communities for use in public landscapes. Increased CO2 and air temperature in conjunction with the changing rainfall conditions, as the three important factors of climate change, potentially alter almost all world ecosystems. Climate change provides new opportunities, and in some cases, an obligate need to use non-native plant species in conjunction with native plant species, not only to reduce the side effects of climate change but also to increase the species diversity and aesthetic value in meadow-like naturalistic planting design. Originality/value The authors confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere. In this paper, the authors report on the effects of climate change on urban landscape and suggest different kind of solutions to reduce the effects. The paper should be of interest to readers in the areas of landscape architecture, landscape ecologist, landscape planner, landscape managers and environmental designer.
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Schultz, Lucy. "Climate Change and the Historicity of Nature in Hegel, Nishida, and Watsuji." Environmental Philosophy 17, no. 2 (2020): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/envirophil2021127101.
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While the existence of nature distinct from human influence becomes evermore suspect, within the natural sciences, human beings are increasingly understood in naturalistic terms. The collision of the human and natural, both within conceptual discourse and the reality of climate change may be considered a “great event” in the Hegelian sense, that reveals a dialectic immanent within the nature/culture distinction. Nishida’s notion of “historical nature,” Watsuji’s unique conception of climate, and the traditional satoyama landscapes of Japan offer timely ways of understanding the sublation of the distinction between nature and culture that render the nature/spirit hierarchy found in Hegel obsolete.
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Burley, Jon Bryan. "Visual and Ecological Environmental Quality Model for Transportation Planning and Design." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1549, no. 1 (January 1996): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154900107.
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Landscape aesthetics and environmental quality have both become central investigatory areas in transportation planning and design. Environmental designers are interested in applying research-based models to study the effects of specific transportation design treatments on the built and natural landscape. The development of a perception-based visual quality predictive equation is investigated for application in both naturalistic and designed landscapes for transportation planning and design projects. The prediction model contained total area of noospheric features and total area of motorized vehicles; presence of humans, wildlife, utility structures, and foreground flowers; total area of distant nonvegetation landscape features such as mountains and buttes; perimeter of intermediate nonvegetation; total area of foreground vegetation; and openness, mystery, and environmental quality indexes (p < 0.0001 for the overall regression, p ≤ 0.05 for each regressor using Type II sums of squares, and multiple. R-square of 0.67). Other variables such as motorized boats, nonflowering foreground herbaceous plants, a greenness index, fire, total area of exposed foreground substrate, smoke, water, smoothness, and the Shafer index were not significant regressors. By using a graph plotting the 95 percent confidence limits for the equation, an investigator can predict the statistical differences between a pair of images at a 90 percent confidence level.
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Heringman, Noah. "Essay review: Geology's youthful romance with the landscape." Earth Sciences History 29, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.29.2.m614m0772907t225.
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Dean's Romantic Landscapes documents the influence of rapid advances in the nascent geosciences on literature and the arts during an especially dynamic phase of British and European history. His ten substantive chapters, along with numerous illustrations and appendices, provide exceptionally rich documentation of verbal and visual motifs that we can now recognise as geological. More than this, he argues that ‘the geological’ itself arose together with ‘the sublime’ and ‘the picturesque’ as a new way of understanding landscapes as changing over time. Dean uses the element of time to distinguish ‘the geological’—as it occurs in poems, travel narratives, and paintings, as well as in works more commonly held to belong to the history of geology—from the other two categories. Numerous chapters are geographically based, skillfully interweaving travel journals of major Romantic writers with popularising geological works on the Harz, Vesuvius, and Fingal's Cave, among other sites. Other chapters are organised around concepts such as ‘Time and Chance’ and ‘Relics of the Flood’. The book concludes, fittingly, with a chapter on extinction—the culmination of the ‘naturalistic’ worldview that Dean traces throughout this book as a contested but ultimately triumphant legacy of Romantic thought.
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Kelly, Theresa K., Somayeh Ahmadiantehrani, Adam Blattler, and Sarah E. London. "Epigenetic regulation of transcriptional plasticity associated with developmental song learning." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1878 (May 2, 2018): 20180160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0160.
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Ethologists discovered over 100 years ago that some lifelong behavioural patterns were acquired exclusively during restricted developmental phases called critical periods (CPs). Developmental song learning in zebra finches is one of the most striking examples of a CP for complex learned behaviour. After post-hatch day 65, whether or not a juvenile male can memorize the song of a ‘tutor' depends on his experiences in the month prior. If he experienced a tutor, he can no longer learn, but if he has been isolated from hearing a tutor the learning period is extended. We aimed to identify how tutor experience alters the brain and controls the ability to learn. Epigenetic landscapes are modulated by experience and are able to regulate the transcription of sets of genes, thereby affecting cellular function. Thus, we hypothesized that tutor experiences determine the epigenetic landscape in the auditory forebrain, a region required for tutor song memorization. Using ChIPseq, RNAseq and molecular biology, we provide evidence that naturalistic experiences associated with the ability to learn can induce epigenetic changes, and propose transcriptional plasticity as a mediator of CP learning potential.
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Brunton, Daniel F., and Paul M. Catling. "Thematic Collection: Alvars in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 131, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v131i1.1962.
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This is the first Thematic Collection of The Canadian Field–Naturalist, an initiative of the Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club (OFNC) Publications Committee. Thematic Collections are editor-selected compilations ofpreviously published contributions to both The Canadian Field-Naturalist (CFN) and to the OFNC’s regional publication, Trail & Landscape (T&L), on a central theme with links to each article. The articles concern alvar landscapes, species that occur on alvars, and the conservation of alvar habitats. We estimate that the titles assembled here from those two publications represent 50% of the important papers published on Canadianalvars.
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Tempesta, Tiziano, and Daniel Vecchiato. "The Value of a Properly Maintained Hiking Trail Network and a Traditional Landscape for Mountain Recreation in the Dolomites." Resources 7, no. 4 (December 12, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources7040086.
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Alpine mountains represent one of the most important tourist destinations in the world, constituting approximately 3.1% of the global tourism market when considering the tourist flows coming from abroad. While there may be numerous factors that motivate tourists to choose rural areas, an important role is played by the opportunity to visit well-conserved landscapes and uncontaminated natural areas. The purpose of this study was to make a monetary valuation of the social benefits generated by the adoption of three measures of the Rural Development Plan (RDP) of Veneto (Italy) aimed specifically at enhancing the recreational usability of the mountain territory. In this regard, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was applied for the economic valuation, and a qualitative survey was used to collect the opinion of respondents related to the measures to protect the meadows and mountain hiking trails. According to the DCE estimates, on average, the benefits due to the conservation of the existing meadows and pastures was equal to €851 per hectare, those due to the conservation and improvement of the trail network were €12,260 per km, and the benefits due to the recovery of the meadows and pastures of uncultivated and abandoned areas for naturalistic purposes amounted to €6852 per hectare. Comparing the estimates obtained with the expenditure incurred by the RDP to finance the three actions considered in our DCE, it can be seen that the benefits are considerably higher than the costs, especially with regard to the conservation of paths and the recovery of abandoned areas for naturalistic purposes.
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Coluzzi, R., A. Lanorte, and R. Lasaponara. "On the LiDAR contribution for landscape archaeology and palaeoenvironmental studies: the case study of Bosco dell'Incoronata (Southern Italy)." Advances in Geosciences 24 (June 1, 2010): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-24-125-2010.
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Abstract. This paper focuses on the potential of the latest generation of Airborne laser scanning (ALS) for the detection and the spatial characterization of microtopographic relief linked to ancient landscapes and palaeoenvironmental features. ALS is an optical measurement technique for obtaining high-precision information about the Earth's surface including basic terrain mapping (Digital terrain model, bathymetry, corridor mapping), vegetation cover (forest assessment and inventory), coastal, and urban areas. Recent studies examined the possibility of using ALS in archaeological investigations to identify earthworks, although the ability of ALS measurements in this context has not yet been studied in detail. In this study, the investigations based on ALS survey and aerial photos were carried out for the natural protected area, Bosco dell'Incoronata in the Apulia Region (Southern Italy). The investigated area is an important site from the naturalistic, historic and archaeological point of view. It is an ancient lowland forest, still present in the medieval time, which has been characterized by a long and intensive human activity from Neolithic to Middle Ages. The LiDAR based analysis allowed us to identify features not visible from ground or from optical data set because hidden by forest canopy and dense understory. The DTM enabled us to identify some microtopographic relief linked to traces of past landscapes, as in the case of the Cervaro paleaoriverbed. It is quite interesting to note that the river changed many times from North to South side compared to the present stream, and traces of past human activities can be still evident close to the diverse paleaoriverbeds. Nevertheless, intensive and systematic study of the ancient landscapes of the Bosco dell'Incoronata is just beginning and so far questions tend to be raised rather than answered. The current study emphasizes the potential of aerial LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) survey for detecting surface discontinuities and microtopographic relief linked to palaeoenvironmental features, even hidden by under dense canopy and understory.
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Parise, M., P. Qiriazi, and S. Sala. "Natural and anthropogenic hazards in karst areas of Albania." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 8, 2004): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-569-2004.
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Abstract. In Albania, about one quarter of the country is occupied by outcroppings of soluble rocks; thus, karst represents an important and typical natural environment. Today karst areas are seriously threatened by a number of hazards, of both natural and anthropogenic origin. Many problems are related to agricultural practices: the use of heavy machinery, ever-increasing in recent years, results at many sites in destruction of the original karst landscapes. Use of pesticides and herbicides, in addition, causes the loss of karst ecosystems of great biological relevance, as has been observed in the Dumre district, where about 80 lakes of karst origin are present in the evaporites of Permian-Triassic age. Agricultural practice performed on slopes with medium to high gradient is a further factor which greatly predispose the slopes to erosion. The cave heritage of Albania (estimated so far in about 1000 caves) is at risk because of the uncontrolled quarrying activities which determine the total or partial destruction of karst caves, including many of naturalistic, archaeological and speleological interest. Many caves have also become sites of illegal disposal of solid and liquid wastes, which causes pollution of the karst ecosystems and of the aquifer therein present, with heavy negative consequences on the quality of water. Even though most of the cases here mentioned are related to anthropogenic activities, the natural hazards, such as subsidence phenomena, floods, and the development of sinkholes, have not to be disregarded.
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Farmakis-Serebryakova, Marianna, and Lorenz Hurni. "Analysis of Relief Shading Tools and Methods for Terrain Representation." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-74-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> One of the key roles in map creation belongs to terrain representation. Relief shading is a traditional manual technique allowing users to perceive the terrain in an intuitive and naturalistic way. With the advent of digital elevation models (DEM), analytical relief shading came into a wider use, since it is faster, requires less effort and delivers reproducible results. In contrast to manual relief shading, it often lacks clarity when representing heterogeneous landscapes with diverse landforms though. The goal of this ongoing project is to identify which relief shading techniques are suitable for depicting specific landforms.</p><p> Techniques developed over time to surmount this limitation mainly include (but not limited to) terrain generalisation, light direction adjustments, contrast enhancement and terrain segmentation. Each of numerous methods is usually applied and performs better in a particular landscape and does not consider possible landscape diversity within an area hillshading is generated for. Thus, it is necessary to detect the right combination of tools and parameters providing the best results regarding the visual quality in each landscape type and to find a correlation between those methods and landforms they are applied to.</p><p> In the frame of this project, existing methods to automatically perform relief shading are initially tested on sample areas. Having miscellaneous landforms within sample areas and rendering them in the best possible way leads us to understanding which features analytical hillshading has to inherit from the manual one. It is planned to generate shaded reliefs using different techniques and to show them to cartographers and laymen worldwide via an online survey to define which combination of tools and methods consistently provides better results in terms of visual quality in each landscape type. A large number of participants should minimise the subjectivity peculiar to relief shading depiction. As the project involves both laymen and specialists, the survey is complemented with an extra section of questions for specialists with a higher weight in the final feedback evaluation based on their deeper knowledge of the subject.</p><p> Analysis of participants’ feedback is meant for creation of a series of rules to be applied to specific landform or landscape type. For landscape features the range of qualitative and quantitative parameters is used (e.g. DEM derivatives). Besides, the resulting shaded reliefs are also compared with the Swiss Federal Office of Topography manual shaded reliefs at different scales. As a result, a direct correlation between the values of landscape features and visual quality of relief shading is provided.</p><p> Finally, it can be seen that a particular combination of tools and methods is ideal for a landscape type based on the level of its geomorphological complexity. This should give users a possibility to improve the automatically produced relief shading as a whole, to adjust its parts if different landforms are present, or to bring more focus to those landscape features that were not revealed by automatic hillshading.</p>
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Grangeia, Mario Luis, and Daniel Moutinho Souza. "Portugueses em O cortiço e Emigrantes: migração como degeneração ou miragem / Portuguese Characters in O cortiço and Emigrantes: Migration as Degeneration or Mirage." O Eixo e a Roda: Revista de Literatura Brasileira 29, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2358-9787.29.3.188-206.
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Resumo: This article presents a comparative analysis of the novels O cortiço (1890), by the Brazilian writer Aluísio Azevedo, and Emigrantes (1928), by the Portuguese author Ferreira de Castro. The goal is to identify how Portuguese people who emigrated to Brazil were represented in characters of these works. It was found that, in O cortiço, migration appears as degeneration caused by the hostile social and natural environment of Brazil, according to the premises of the naturalist aesthetics. Under the influence of the sun, poverty and the Brazilian human landscape, the Portuguese people either get rich by stealing and exploiting labor, including slavery, or undergo a life of addiction. On the other hand, in Emigrantes, this migratory flow appears as a mirage, because the possibility of enrichment in America fades away in the confrontation with the concrete experience of the characters. In the study, contributions from critics Antonio Cândido, Eduardo Lourenço and Miguel Torga are mobilized, as well as statistics that contextualize Portuguese immigration in Brazil.Palavras-chave: migração portuguesa no Brasil; Aluísio Azevedo; romance naturalista; Ferreira de Castro; Realismo; literatura comparada.Abstract: This article presents a comparative analysis of the novels O cortiço (1890), by the Brazilian writer Aluísio Azevedo, and Emigrantes (1928), by the Portuguese author Ferreira de Castro. The goal is to identify how Portuguese people who emigrated to Brazil were represented in characters of these works. It was found that, in O cortiço, migration appears as degeneration caused by the hostile social and natural environment of Brazil, according to the premises of the naturalist aesthetics. Under the influence of the sun, poverty and the Brazilian human landscape, the Portuguese people either get rich by stealing and exploiting labor, including slavery, or undergo a life of addiction. On the other hand, in Emigrantes, this migratory flow appears as a mirage, because the possibility of enrichment in America fades away in the confrontation with the concrete experience of the characters. In the study, contributions from critics Antonio Cândido, Eduardo Lourenço and Miguel Torga are mobilized, as well as statistics that contextualize Portuguese immigration in Brazil.Keywords: Portuguese migration in Brazil; Aluísio Azevedo; naturalistic novel; Ferreira de Castro; Realism; comparative literature.
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Gramig, Greta G., and Amy C. Ganguli. "Managing Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in a Constructed Grassland with Aminopyralid and Prescribed Fire." Invasive Plant Science and Management 8, no. 2 (June 2015): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-14-00075.1.
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Green spaces such as golf courses that intermingle within or exist on fringes of urban landscapes can provide opportunities for increasing the ecological value of urban areas. To that end, more naturalistic and less input-intensive “links”-style golf courses have recently gained favor over input-intensive parkland courses. The Osgood Public Golf Course in Fargo, ND is a links-style golf course set adjacent to suburban housing developments. This course incorporated large areas of prairie plantings, or “constructed grasslands,” which over time became dominated by fescue species and infested with Canada thistle. Our objective was to explore the efficacy of using prescribed fire combined with aminopyralid herbicide to control Canada thistle and promote a more diverse mix of warm-season C4 and cool-season C3 grasses. Aminopyralid was applied during fall 2010 and prescribed fire was applied during spring 2011. We found that aminopyralid provided excellent control of Canada thistle 1 and 2 yr post-treatment. Open niches created from Canada thistle control were readily filled by C3 grasses, primarily fescue species, which were the dominant species on the constructed grasslands prior to treatment. Fire intensity was variable within and across plots and was associated with reductions of litter and C3 grasses, but was not associated with increases of C4 grasses within the time frame of this study. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of aminopyralid for Canada thistle control in constructed grasslands. Prescribed fire maintained C3 grass dominance while removing litter, but C4 grass response was variable and appeared dependent on pretreatment C4 species abundance. Reduction of litter in constructed grasslands dominated by fescue could potentially lead to microsite conditions that would favor C4 and other C3 species, especially if short-term management promoted additional facilitation efforts, such as repeat spring fire treatments and seeding.
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Ricks, Geoff. "Native & Introduced Species for Naturalistic Landscape in Saudi Arabia." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences 4, no. 1 (1992): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.4-1.2.
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Pearson, Alastair William. "‘Heaping Offa upon Pelion, and Olympus upon Offa’: An assessment of the role of model making in the development of relief portrayal from 1780 to 1900." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-292-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> By 1800, national surveys had become a priority for regimes around Europe, keen to centralise government and secure territories during a period of significant political upheaval. Military requirements were paramount but the representation of relief remained woefully inadequate. Commanders, not content with simple rough impressions of relief, demanded effective representations from which absolute altitudes and gradients could be derived. However, innovative methods of relief depiction were unlikely to be spearheaded by new national mapping institutions, already committed to long-term mapping programmes. Conversely, for those independent cartographers and model makers, unfettered by the constraints that characterised national institutions, the pursuit of the optimum depiction of relief became a preoccupation verging on obsession. Inspired by early map and model makers, Swiss, German and Austrian cartographers embarked on a phase of developing more artistic, naturalistic means to create an illusion of the third dimension on the two-dimensional face of the map. Chromolithography had made possible the replacement of hachures by shading tones and the production of multicolour printed maps. As a result, a wide variety of maps appeared during the second half of the 19th century with hypsometric tints generating images of naturalistic and symbolic landscapes. Alternative and often competing methods of assigning colour in sequence were developed most notably in central Europe. This culminated in the publication of <i>Schatthenplastik</i> and <i>Farbenplastik</i> in 1898 in Vienna by Karl Peucker (1859&ndash;1940) a work that injected new life and debate into the pursuit of an optimum colour sequence for layered relief maps that would last well into the next century.</p><p>This paper aims to assess the role of model making in initiating and fuelling a period of experimentation and development of relief portrayal. The increasing fascination with the natural wonders of the world combined with the growth of Alpine tourism kick started a period of private enterprise in which the production of relief models became a highly valued activity. Starting with the remarkable model of the Relief of Central Switzerland by Franz Ludwig Pfyffer von Wyher (1716&ndash;1802), through the exploits of Joachim Eugen Müller (1752&ndash;1833) (Figure 1) to the later models crafted by Xaver Imfeld (1853&ndash;1909), Simon Simon (1857&ndash;1925) and Fridolin Becker (1854&ndash;1922), this period witnessed a level of artistry and craftsmanship that has arguably never been surpassed.</p><p>Opportunity is taken to assess the accuracy of one of the key models produced by Joachim Eugen Müller. This clearly demonstrates that early model making achieved standards of accuracy that were extraordinary for the time. Of course, such feats were not the preserve of European model makers. For example, readers of reports and newspaper articles from expeditions to the interior of the United States had thrilled at the photographs, drawings, sketches and maps of Niagara Falls, Yosemite Valley and the Grand Canyon. No sooner had John Wesley Powell completed his expedition to the Grand Canyon in 1874 and published a detailed report, than its true magnificence was brought to public attention through a model of the Grand Canyon constructed by Edwin Howell in 1875 (McCalmont, 2015).</p><p>The nineteenth century was characterized by great endeavour and craftsmanship that fashioned some of the most remarkable and visually stunning maps ever published. This paper pulls together the various strands of this complex story into a coherent narrative and assesses the role of model makers in underpinning this ‘golden age’.</p>
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Brunton, Daniel F. "Origins and History of The Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i1.879.
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The Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club (OFNC) represents an unbroken chain of organized, non-governmental natural history investigation and education dating back to the early days of the city of Ottawa itself. The Club originated in 1863 with the formation of the Ottawa Natural History Society which became the Natural History branch of the Ottawa Literary and Scientific Society in 1870, from which the OFNC formally separated in March 1879. Since that time, it has grown into Canada’s oldest and largest regional natural history organization and has produced a diverse and internationally recognized publication program. Since 1880 The Canadian Field-Naturalist and its predecessors have constituted the scientific core of the OFNC’s publication program, with Trail & Landscape being an important Ottawa Valley publication since the late 1960s. The importance of both publications to the growth and health of the organization is reflected in the major surges in Club membership experienced when each of these publications was established. The focus of membership activities has changed over the history of the OFNC, with enlightened natural resource management, then original scientific research and local exploration directing energies in the early decades. By the early years of the 20th century the publications program become the raison d’etre of the Club, almost to the exclusion of local field activities. A renewed interest in field discovery and the growth of conservation awareness in the 1960s, however, rekindled local activities and re-established the balance which has sustained the organization throughout its history. Natural environment education has remained a critical theme within OFNC programs and activities. Over and above inspiring the professional careers and private interests of thousands of individuals for more than a century, the OFNC has had an important and lasting impact on the conservation of natural environment features and landscapes in Canada and North America.
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Dahl, Bernard. "THE NATURALIST'S GARDEN." Landscape Journal 8, no. 1 (1989): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.8.1.65.
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Romeiras, Maria, Maria Duarte, Javier Francisco-Ortega, Luís Catarino, and Philip Havik. "Recovering Plant Data for Guinea-Bissau: Implications for Biodiversity Knowledge of West Africa." Diversity 10, no. 4 (October 6, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10040109.
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The rich plant diversity that characterizes the West African Region and the inherent knowledge of their flora and vegetation has been the backbone of scientific explorations during the past centuries. The evolution of botanical knowledge on Guinea-Bissau, throughout the 16th and 20th centuries is reviewed. We present and discuss floristic data collected by scientific expeditions between the mid-1700s to 1974, when the Portuguese colonial period ended. Expeditions undertaken by French naturalists provided some of the earliest plant collections. A list of herbarium specimens collected by the French naturalist Jardin, in the Bijagós Islands in ca. 1847–1858 is presented here for the first time, while in the late 1800s some Portuguese naturalists also explored Guinea-Bissau. During the colonial period (1915–1974), Gomes e Sousa published the first comprehensive study of the territory’s flora while Espírito Santo assembled the largest plant collection. Our review applies a multi-disciplinary perspective to fill important lacuna regarding biodiversity knowledge of this under-researched West African country. It constitutes the first study tracing the long term evolution of knowledge on Guinea Bissau's plant diversity, which provides the basis for understanding trends and research priorities, in particular in conservation and botanical fields.
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Hildebidle, John. "THOREAU: A NATURALIST'S LIBERTY." Landscape Journal 4, no. 2 (1985): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.4.2.131.
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Klenk, Nicole L., Gary Q. Bull, and James I. MacLellan. "The “emulation of natural disturbance” (END) management approach in Canadian forestry: A critical evaluation." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85440-3.
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The “emulation of natural disturbance” (END) is an ambiguous forest management approach that embodies an environmental ethic of “following nature” and the values associated with the nature/culture dichotomy. Given climate change projections, the emulation of natural disturbance or any approach that commits itself to reproducing a snapshot of the past history and evolution of forests may not be appropriate over large areas of the forested landscape. The adoption of a naturalistic forest management approach may appear to make sense for biodiversity conservation, but such an approach may not be adaptive in a rapidly changing climate. Rather than aiming to “follow nature,” Canadian forestry should strive to be innovative in its efforts to manage its forests. Key words: emulation of natural disturbance, TRIAD, environmental ethics, naturalistic forest management, climate change, adaptation
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Mucida, Danielle Piuzana, Bernardo Machado Gontijo, Marcelino Santos De Morais, and Marcelo Fagundes. "A degradação ambiental em narrativas de naturalistas do século XIX para a reserva da Biosfera da Serra do Espinhaço / Environmental degradation in narratives of naturalists of the 19th century for the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve." Caderno de Geografia 29, no. 57 (April 25, 2019): 465–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2019v29n57p465-495.
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A região central do estado de Minas Gerais, especificamente o Quadrilátero Ferrífero e a Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, é marcada pela ocupação em busca de riquezas minerais tais como diamante e ouro. Possui, ainda, relevância ecológica, o que levou a declaração desta região, pela Unesco em 2005, como Reserva da Biosfera da Serra do Espinhaço. Vislumbrou-se, nesse artigo, a caracterização e análise de processos de degradação ambiental em literatura de viagem de naturalistas estrangeiros que percorreram esta região no século XIX. Trabalhos de campo ocorreram em roteiros estabelecidos a partir da leitura das obras, com enfoque no entendimento da paisagem. Evidências de degradação ambiental pelo extrativismo mineral do ouro e diamante, apresentadas nas narrativas em áreas dos caminhos da Estrada Real, caracterizam-se pela supressão da vegetação nativa por meio de queimadas, mudança/desvio de cursos fluviais, uso de mercúrio para beneficiamento mineral além de ocorrência significativa de espécimes monotípicas invasoras, como o capim-gordura e a samambaia. O estudo, pela descrição analítica em relatos de naturalistas viajantes analisados no território da reserva da biosfera, permite um resgate memorial que vincula o ser humano à natureza, como parte de sua história ambiental.Palavras-chave: relatos de viajantes, mineração, mercúrio, queimadas, capim-gordura.AbstractThe central region of Minas Gerais state, specifically the Iron Quadrangle and the Southern Espinhaço Range, has a unique occupation history due to mineral riches such as diamond and gold. Furthermore, it has significant ecological relevance, which has led to the declaration of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve by Unesco in 2005. To characterise and analyse the historical processes of environmental degradation of this region, the travel literature of foreign naturalists who travelled throughout the region in the 19th century was investigated. The research involved studying scripts produced from reading works, with a focus on the understanding of the landscape. Evidence of environmental degradation by gold and diamond extractivism is presented in several areas of the Estrada Real, characterised by the suppression of native vegetation by anthropic burning, change of river courses and use of mercury for mineral processing, in addition to a significant occurrence of invasive monotypic species, such as molasses grass and fern. From the analytical description in reports of travelling naturalists, the analysis of the reserve territory of the present study allows the recovery of part of a memory that binds human to nature as part of its environmental history.Keywords: travellers’ accounts, mining, mercury, burning, molasses grass.
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Kenchington, Richard A. "Tourism in the Galápagos Islands: The Dilemma of Conservation." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 3 (1989): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900009309.
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The Galapágos Archipelago is an area of very special significance to ecologists. Its unique flora and fauna, rugged scenery, and historical connections with Charles Darwin, make it a place of environmental pilgrimage. Between 1970 and 1985, visiting tourist numbers, comprised largely of foreign naturalists, grew from negligible levels to about 15,000 per annum. In 1987, visitor arrivals to the Galápagos grew to 32,500 following the opening of a second airport in 1986.Management of tourism has involved a policy which requires most visitors to be accommodated on boats, places strict controls on the sites which can be visited, and requires tourists to be accompanied by highly-trained Naturalist Guides. The policy precludes development of any substantial island-based tourist infrastructure. Recently this approach has become increasingly inadequate in the face of rapid small-scale, little coordinated, tourist development.
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Gruber, Laura Katherine. "The Naturalistic Impulse: Limitations of Gender and Landscape in Mary Hallock Foote’s Idaho Stories." Western American Literature 38, no. 4 (2004): 353–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.2004.0020.
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Natori, Yoji, and Richard Chenoweth. "Differences in rural landscape perceptions and preferences between farmers and naturalists." Journal of Environmental Psychology 28, no. 3 (September 2008): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.02.002.
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Terman, Max R. "Natural links: naturalistic golf courses as wildlife habitat." Landscape and Urban Planning 38, no. 3-4 (November 1997): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(97)00033-9.
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Martins, Luciana L. "A Naturalist's Vision of the Tropics: Charles Darwin and the Brazilian Landscape." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 21, no. 1 (March 2000): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00061.
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Arnoldus Huyzendveld, Antonia, Marco Di Ioia, Daniele Ferdani, Augusto Palombini, Valentina Sanna, Sara Zanni, and Eva Pietroni. "The Virtual Museum of the Tiber Valley Project." Virtual Archaeology Review 3, no. 7 (November 18, 2012): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2012.4396.
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<p>The aim of the Virtual Museum of the Tiber Valley project is the creation of an integrated digital system for the knowledge, valorisation and communication of the cultural landscape, archaeological and naturalistic sites along the Tiber Valley, in the Sabina area between Monte Soratte and the ancient city of Lucus Feroniae (Capena). Virtual reality applications, multimedia contents, together with a web site, are under construction and they will be accessed inside the museums of the territory and in a central museum in Rome. The different stages of work will cover the building of a geo-spatial archaeological database, the reconstruction of the ancient potential landscape and the creation of virtual models of the major archaeological sites. This paper will focus on the methodologies used and on present and future results.</p>
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BAGDASSARIAN, CAREY K. "Naturalists, Artists, and Language." Conservation Biology 23, no. 6 (December 2009): 1639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01233.x.
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Salciarini, Diana, Evelina Volpe, Ludovica Di Pietro, and Elisabetta Cattoni. "A Case-Study of Sustainable Countermeasures against Shallow Landslides in Central Italy." Geosciences 10, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10040130.
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Traditional technical solutions for slope stabilization are generally costly and very impacting on the natural environment and landscape. A possible alternative for improving slope stability is based on the use of naturalistic engineering techniques, characterized by a low impact on the natural environment and being able to preserve the landscape identity and peculiarities. In this work, we present an application of such techniques for slope stabilization along a greenway located in central Italy, characterized by an extraordinary natural environment. First, 22 potentially unstable slopes have been identified and examined; then, among these, two standard type slopes have been selected. For both of them, an appropriate naturalistic engineering work has been proposed and stability analyses have been carried out. These have been performed by considering different piezometric conditions and using two different approaches: (a) a classical deterministic approach, which adopts deterministic values for the mechanical properties of the soils neglecting any uncertainty, and (b) a probabilistic approach that takes into account a statistical variability of the soil property values by means of their probability density functions (PDFs). The geometry of each slope derives from a digital model of the soil with 1 meter resolution, obtained through Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) survey provided by the Italian Ministry of the Environment. The soil mechanical characteristics and their PDFs are derived from the geotechnical soil property database of the Perugia Province. Results show an increase in slope stability produced by the adopted countermeasures measured in terms of Factor of Safety ( F s ), Probability of Failure (PoF) and efficiency.
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Mello, Soraia Silva de, and Júlio Barêa Pastore. "Ornamental flora of the Cerrado in landscape architecture: a portrait of its practical application." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 1 (March 2021): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i1.2254.
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Abstract The rich diversity of the Cerrado flora has great ornamental potential, however it is barely present in Landscape Architecture projects in Brazil and incipient in the commercial market. The study sought to systematize part of the knowledge generated by the experiences of eight professionals who work in the Landscape Architecture field and are part of a spontaneous and growing movement that seeks the development of management techniques and a language referenced by phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado, especially its savannas and grasslands. Information was gathered from semi-structured interviews with eight professionals with practical experience in introducing Cerrado flora species in Landscape Architecture projects and analyzed to identify motivations, composition and language aspects, most-used species, technical aspects of implementation and management and perceptions of market and production chain. Reiterated points were mapped and categorized. Interviews revealed efforts to develop a compositional language referenced by the Cerrado with a predominance of herbaceous species and high species diversity in keeping with the contemporary naturalistic Landscape Architecture movement. A list of 84 potentially ornamental species used by interviewees was compiled. Difficulties and market impasses were identified. Much needed strategies for increasing Cerrado flora species use in Landscape Architecture are: engagement of society via environmental education, communication and marketing; research on Cerrado soil and ecology for species selection; qualification of labor; advocacy for public policies including promotion of production chains, research and education.
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Welshman, Rebecca. "Imagining the Ancient Britons: Victorian Adventures in Wye-Land." Victoriographies 2, no. 1 (May 2012): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2012.0058.
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Depicted in the mid to late nineteenth-century periodical press as wild, remote, and ‘intensely national’, Wales was perceived as a place of quiet mystery, geographically and socially distinct from the industrialisation of Victorian England. The borderland territory of the Wye Valley – what the Victorian journalist and historian, Barbara Hutton, called ‘Wye-Land’ – has been inhabited for over 12,000 years and preserves an ancient British identity in its rich archaeological landscapes. Developments in mid Victorian archaeology and anthropology precipitated a rise in the number of prehistoric excavations, which popularised knowledge of how ancient Britons lived and died. Drawing from articles in the late Victorian periodical press, and the activities of the Cardiff Naturalist's Society in the 1870s, which included the study of geology, botany and archaeology, this paper suggests that the observation of natural phenomena in the late nineteenth century was closely associated with the study of past human societies. I identify the changing interpretations of prehistoric sites – from early Victorian notions of barbarous druids, to more informed and sensitive appreciations of ancient British societies, whose sympathetic relation to the landscape fostered imaginative connections between late Victorians and their ancestors. This transition away from perceptions of being wholly distinct from prehistoric activity, shaped late Victorian pastoral journalism and encouraged a more integrated vision of the relationship between past and present human activity in the region.
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CESCHIN, SIMONA, and GIOVANNI SALERNO. "Exploring plant species richness along the Tiber River within the city of Rome." Phytotaxa 482, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.482.2.3.
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The Tiber River stretch crossing the metropolitan area of Rome (Italy) is regarded as one of the main biological corridors of the city, as it diversifies the urban landscape while contributing to the plant diversity. This paper aims to document the current plant richness occurring along the Tiber within the city by providing a comprehensive inventory of the spontaneous vascular flora and an overview of its composition, and structural, chorological and ecological features. This flora lists 493 species and it is characterized by: i) high species richness (more than 30% of Rome’s flora), ii) presence of species with naturalistic value, as rare or included in Red List IUCN categories, iii) high number of ruderal and multizonal species (including several aliens) that have well adapted to human disturbance, and have partially replaced the typical riverine plants, iv) wide spread of eutrophic aquatic species, and rarefaction of those species that are more sensitive to eutrophication and water pollution. The dataset and the overview reported in this study can be useful for future research, with a special focus on a better naturalistic management of the urban river ecosystem, and the conservation of the floristic heritage within the city of Rome.
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Fadda, S., M. Fiori, and C. Matzuzzi. "Use of Global Positioning System in mine landscaping and visual impact assessment: A case study." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31887.
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The satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS) needs a clear view of sky for determining a geodetic position and hence it is particularly suitable in overall projects of open-pit recovery and landscape restoration. The purpose of such measurements is to make highly accurate topographic maps thus forming the backbone of a project. In the work presented here geodetic measurements are combined with advanced visualisation techniques and GIS applications in a possible recovery plan of the abandoned excavations of Bonucoro in the mining district of Orani, central Sardinia, Italy. Considering the naturalistic and geographic settings of the mining area and its surroundings, a few proposals concerning the re-utilisation of these excavations are presented. The preparatory work consisted of the area characterisation by carrying out a topographic survey followed by a geodetic control network establishment by the GPS to describe the morphological features of the landscape and for the subsequent three-dimensional analysis and geoprocessing. The final step involved the use of VueInfinite, a computer program capable to integrate graphical data with geological and morphological attributes. It was also able to create a virtual 3D scene of a present, past, or future landscape required for visual impact assessment.
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Cassalia, Giuseppina, and Claudia Ventura. "Challenges and Opportunities for Assessing Cultural Landscape: An Ecomuseum for Cultural-Based Local Development." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.386.
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This study arises from applied research in regional contexts combined with a deep analysis of cultural landscape potential for socio-cultural and economic local development. In addition, it starts from a careful critical reflection on traditional governance models of naturalistic contexts located on the sidelines of metropolitan suburbs in delay development. It is aimed at deepening the theoretical recognition of the identifying characteristics of the Aspromonte National Park as an inseparable reality and to the definition of rurality as an important tourist attraction and as endogenous development. Moreover the paper present a summary of a pilot project for the definition, assessment and implementation of a model of Ecomuseum of the Cultural Landscape, through the identification of homogeneous territorial areas in which to conduct experimentation and implementation of management models able to trigger processes of exploitation and growth of the Aspromonte area thanks to an innovative strategic planning focused on the community involvement and heritage enhancement.
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Titos Martínez, Manuel. "La expedición del naturalista alsaciano Guillaume Philippe Schimper a Sierra Nevada en 1847 / The expedition of the Alsatian naturalist Guillaume-Philippe Schimper to Sierra Nevada in 1847." Ería 2, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/er.2.2019.207-221.
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En 1847 los alsacianos Daniel Dollfus-Ausset y Guillaume-Philippe Schimper realizaron una expedición a Sierra Nevada, en el sur de España. Su objetivo era la búsqueda de una nueva especie de cabra montes, pero su interés se extendía a la geografía, el paisaje, el glaciarismo y la botánica. En aquella expedición se realizó la primera fotografía al daguerrotipo que se conoce de Sierra Nevada, y se encontraron restos de antiguos glaciares cuaternarios sobre los que elaboraron una teoría mantenida como válida durante bastante tiempo. En este artículo se describe la personalidad de los viajeros, las circunstancias de su viaje y lo que representa el mismo en la historia científica de Sierra Nevada.En 1847, les Alsaciens Daniel Dollfus-Ausset et Guillaume-Philippe Schimper firent une expédition en Sierra Nevada,dans le sud de l’Espagne. Son but était de rechercher une nouvelle espèce de chèvre de montagne, mais son intérêt s’est étendu à la géographie, au paysage, au glacierisme et à la botanique. Au cours de cette expédition, une photographie au daguerréotype de Sierra Nevada a été prise pour la première fois. De même, des restes d’anciens glaciers du Quaternaireont été identifiés, et sur ceux-ci, ils ont développé une théorie maintenue comme valable pendant un certain temps. Cet article décrit la personnalité des voyageurs, les circonstances de leur voyage et ce que cette expérience représente dans l’histoire scientifique de la Sierra Nevada.In 1847 the Alsatians Daniel Dollfus-Ausset and Guillaume-Philippe Schimper made an expedition to Sierra Nevada, insouthern Spain. His goal was to search for a new species of mountain goat, but his interest extended to geography, landscape, glacierism and botany. In that expedition, the first daguerreotype photograph of Sierra Nevada was taken, and remains of ancient Quaternary glaciers were identified (on which they developed a theory maintained as valid for quite some time). This article explains the personality of the travelers,the circumstances of their trip and what it represents in the scientific history of Sierra Nevada.
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Cahalan, S. B., and J. W. Dean. "The manuscript works of S. Fred Prince (1857–1949)." Archives of Natural History 45, no. 1 (April 2018): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2018.0488.
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S. Fred Prince, a scientific illustrator and amateur scientist, is a largely unknown artist whose work on the American landscape demonstrates his eligibility to be considered in the lineage of self-taught illustrator-naturalists such as Mark Catesby and Genevieve Jones. In this article, we present a biographical sketch of Prince, as well as a survey of Prince's extant manuscripts, describing their contents and physical characteristics, following personal analysis when possible.
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Toledo, Jayça Amate Marim, Bárbara Cristina Vido Pereira, Cláudia Fabrino Machado Mattiuz, Marcelo Nalin Ambrosano, María Carolina Cásares, Angelo Gabriel Trevisoli Silva, and Marcos Vieira Ferraz. "History, landscape, and botanical report of a centenary square in Brazil." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 2 (June 2021): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i2.2266.
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Abstract Historical research of public spaces provides a better understanding of the social formation and preserve cultural and landscaping heritage. José Bonifácio Square, located in Picacicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil, is an important public space. We carried out a historical survey in the archives of municipal public institutions and a landscape record was done by identifying tree species implanted in the square. We verified a strong church influence in the development of the square landscape project. The first landscaping work occurred in 1885, and it became known as City Public Garden. It presented naturalistic features, using exotic and native species, mainly trees, for landscaping composition. Several modifications and reforms were made from 1885 to 2005. José Bonifácio Square was considered highly diverse (H’ = 3.18) with 151 individuals, distributed in 36 species belonging to 14 botanical families. The native species from Atlantic Forest represented 82.6% of Bignoniaceae, Arecaceae, and Fabaceae species. The high diversity of native species found in José Bonifácio Square allowed us to infer a lower ecological fragility and a higher environmental balance than other Brazilian squares. The analysis of historical information from the years 1885 to 2019 and the analysis of the square’s floristic composition in contemporary times demonstrated José Bonifácio Square’s relevance in forming and conserving Piracicaba’s urban identity.
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Nielsen, Jesper, and James E. Brady. "THE COUPLE IN THE CAVE: Origin Iconography on a Ceramic Vessel from Los Naranjos, Honduras." Ancient Mesoamerica 17, no. 2 (July 2006): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536106060123.
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This article analyzes the iconography on a ceramic vessel collected from the site of Los Naranjos, Honduras, over 70 years ago by Danish archaeologist Jens Yde. The relatively more naturalistic representation of the scene on the vessel allows us to interpret the motifs called “dancing figures” as relating to a well-documented corpus of Mesoamerican origin mythology. We then turn our attention to the site of Los Naranjos and document the fact that the area of Lake Yojoa closely mirrors the idealized Mesoamerican landscape associated with the place of the earth's creation. Combining this insight with the depiction on the Yde vessel, we suggest that the Cave of Tauleve may have been considered the place of human creation or human emergence.
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Montgomery, Scott. "The Eye and the Rock: Art, Observation and the Naturalistic Drawing of Earth Strata." Earth Sciences History 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.15.1.9373301405572mr3.
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The first naturalistic drawings of geologic phenomena, particularly rock formations, are assumed by historians to have occurred early in the 19th century, when geology matured as a science. No less than three centuries earlier, however, the Netherlandish master, Jan Van Eyck, drew exposures of natural rock whose features are so remarkably accurate as to permit modern-day geologic analysis of their lithology, fossil content, sedimentary structures, and depositional environment. Van Eyck clearly studied, drew, and painted a specific outcrop "in the field," long before such practice had become common in art or science. As the first modern geologic "observer," Van Eyck greatly extended an existing tradition of naturalism with regard to organic phenomena (esp. plants, insects, human figures) fully into the realm of inorganic reality. In this, he far surpassed other scholar-artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, who have been credited with similar achievements. Van Eyck's achievement proved exceptional. It was matched neither by later artists, scientists, or illustrators until the late 18th-early 19th century, when conventions in travel literature and landscape inspired new attention to the drawing of rock materials. The reasons for this historical gap have everything to do with the limitations of observation in early geological study, which show important parallels to those in art.
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Schollenberger, Justyna. "To describe an alien planet: An experience of landscape in "The Voyage of the Beagle" by Charles Darwin." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 2, no. 4-5 (July 31, 2019): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2019.4.5.3.
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This text presents an attempt to reread Darwin’s account of his journey on the Beagle. That account constitutes a report of meetings and confrontations with various “strangers”: men, animals, as well as with different faces of otherness and exoticism, that culminate in a landscape so radically distinct from the European one, namely that of the South Pacific. This interpretation allows us to look at Darwin—the narrator—as more than just a naive traveler who observes and judges the world exclusively through the narrow perspective of British imperialism. The naturalist struggles with describing that which exceeds his previous experiences. The imperialistic perspective of landscape taken up in this text allows us to reflect on Darwin’s perception of the landscape. The sights analyzed in the text are foremost treated as emanations of the powers of nature. At the same time, Darwin defines these sights in categories that are not scientific but aesthetic, finding them beautiful and sublime.
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Mello, Marco Antonio Da Silva, and Arno Vogel. "Lógica politécnica versus fisiocracia agreste: conflitos em torno da gestão ambiental num ecossistema no litoral fluminense." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2006): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2006v8n1p9.
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Este artigo busca descrever e analisar a atividade da pesca artesanal no município de Maricá (RJ), para chegar, finalmente, à discussão dos impactos socioambientais da expansão da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro sobre suas lagunas e restingas. O registro da evolução histórica da paisagem de Maricá, a partir da literatura dos viajantes – naturalistas e geógrafos–, desde o século XIX, constitui, juntamente com uma ampla discussão da natureza, dinâmica e perspectivas dos ambientes lacustres fluminenses, o cerne da proposta para uma etnografia de seu manejo, pelas comunidades de pescadores e pela engenharia sanitária e urbana, com suas distintas, conflitantes e concorrentes concepções dos mecanismos de seu funcionamento (estagnação versus circulação); nesse caso, analisa-se a relação do conjunto de lagunas como mar, ou seja, a questão das barras oceânicas permanentes versus barras oceânicas sazonais. Palavras-chave: comunidades pesqueiras; pesca lacustre; manejo de ecossistemas lacustres. Abstract: The article describes and analyzes small-scale non-industrial fishing in the city of Maricá. The final aim of this study is to discuss the social and environmental impact of Greater Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro on the Maricá region’s lagoons and saltmarshes. Registering the historical evolution of Maricá’s landscape, using literature written by traveling naturalists and geographers since the XIX Century, constitutes, together with an ample discussion of the nature, dynamics and perspectives of Fluminense lagoon environments, the core proposal of this ethnographical research is how a regional environment is handled by fishermen as well as sanitary and urban engineering with its distinct, conflicting and competing conceptions of operational mechanics (stagnation versus circulation) in this case, specifically, the relationship of the group of lagoons to the sea is analyzed, i.e., the problem of permanent oceanic bars versus seasonal sand bars. Keywords: fishing communities; lagoon fishery; lacustrine ecosystems handling.