Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nature – Protection – Afrique occidentale'
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Zalewski, Sally. "L'impact des politiques de conservation sur les populations rurales de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : mise au point d'une méthode d'évaluation." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112051.
Full textDolidon, Hélène. "L'espace des feux en Afrique de l'Ouest : l'analyse d'un phénomène d'interface nature-société." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN1434.
Full textAkue, Adovi Segbeaya. "Finances publiques et politiques de protection de l'environnement dans les pays d'Afrique de l'ouest." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT3020.
Full textCaillault, Sébastien. "Le feu, la brousse et la savane : Modélisation spatiale de la dynamique des paysages soudaniens (Burkina Faso)." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625721.
Full textCoulibaly, Diariata. "Contribution à l'élaboration de dispositions législatives et règlementaires pour l'intégration socio-économiques des personnes handicapées en Afrique de l'ouest." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0041.
Full textAssemboni, Alida Nabobuè. "Le droit de l'environnement marin et côtier en Afrique occidentale : cas de cinq pays francophones." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5119a38e-4234-4cac-86d5-db7274f70c53/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0513.pdf.
Full textWest Africa is a sub-region which marine and coastal environment contains important natural wealth. This natural environment suffer from different kinds of degradation such as resources overexploitation, marine and coastal pollution, coastal erosion. In order to resolve the problems created by the deterioration of the marine and coastal environment, Western and Central African countries, with specially five target countries concerned by this topic (Benin, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Senegal and Togo), adopted in Abidjan on March 23rd 1981, the Abidjan Convention for Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region and the Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Pollution in Cases of Emergency in West and Central African Region. These texts entered in force on August 5th 1984. Although the development of the legal protection and management of the marine and coastal environment within the regional and the national context, there are many problems. The main problems are due to the complexity of the implementation of the legal measures. These countries face a real problem related to the effectiveness of marine environmental law. The reform of the actual legal system in force in the region and the countries, concerning the effective protection and management of the marine and coastal environment is one of the possible solutions to the problems
Bacyé, Henri Gnama. "La liberté d'association et la promotion, la protection et la défense des droits de l'homme en Afrique : exemple du Burkina Faso, de la Côte d'Ivoire, du Mali et du Sénégal." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0326.
Full textSournia, Gérard. "Les aires protégées d'Afrique francophone (Afrique occidentale et centrale) : hier, aujourd'hui, demain : espaces à protéger ou espaces à partager ?" Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30072.
Full textPeretti, Corinne de. "Protection et exonérations douanières dans les pays de l’UEMOA : une analyse par la théorie de la nouvelle économie politique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF10227.
Full textBondaz, Julien. "L’exposition postcoloniale : formes et usages des musées et des zoos en Afrique de l’ouest (Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20075.
Full textWest African museums and zoos appear to be « new fieldworks » for anthropological research. They call for the articulation of an historical anthropology and an ethnographic analysis of exhibiting (an ethnomuseology). To study simultaneously such museums and zoos questions both the historical changes (including the postcolonial ones) that the display of objects and living animals is undergoing, and their various uses. It is precisely the ways in which objects and animals are use that give a meaning and a social function to the exhibition. This thorough ethnographic research (led in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso) also aims at understanding how the relations with the objects and the animals exhibited in the museums and the zoos are primarily of a social nature. Ritual uses of the exhibition are indeed particularly frequent in West Africa, and therefore force us to question in a new way this specific form of relations : the postcolonial exhibition
Villanueva, Ching-Maria. "Biodiversité et relations trophiques dans quelques milieux estuariens et lagunaires de l'afrique de l'ouest : adaptations aux pressions environnementales." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT012A.
Full textDourma, Marwanga. "La protection pénale de l'enfant au prisme de l'administration coloniale depuis la rencontre des droits occidentaux et des droits traditionnels en Afrique occidentale, spécialement au Togo : de 1922 à nos jours." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4011.
Full textThe black African child lives in an environment where tradition and modernity exist side by side and occasionally clash. This co-existence, and occasional conflict can be seen at the level of daily life and also in the justice system. It is therefore a co-existence on both a sociological and judicial level. The phenomenon has its origins with the colonization of Africa. 19th century colonialism introduced onto the continent several new elements which radically altered the life of Africans. It introduced European law to peoples who had before only been governed by traditional laws arising from their customs. This new European law, today known as “modern law”, had always aimed at priority over traditional laws. The process of “European legalization” in the life of African societies through the single view of colonial priorities provoked a conflict in values which poses a problem for the African himself, but also for the child whose penal protection invites some questions. Through the specific example of Togo which experienced two different foreign justice systems, with first German and then French, colonization, the present study analyses the question of the legal protection of the child in black Africa. Starting with pre-colonial Africa, this analysis covers three successive periods before envisaging the near future. It is first a question therefore of analyzing the legal protection of the child in his traditional environment. The beginning of colonization is then examined in order to understand its administrative organization, for this organization not only altered the traditional protective environment of the child but also organized the penal law designed to protect the black African child. The answers proposed by contemporary protection policies need also to be analyzed. Finally the study, on the basis of the evidence that millions of African children still see their most basic elementary rights trampled on, examines the value of international judicial responses to the question of penal protection of the child, both at a regional level and that of the United Nations. This analysis therefore, covers three essential periods. The first is the pre-colonial period, characterized by the exclusive nature of laws originating from traditional customs, a period during which the child, considered as the essential element in society, is the concern of each member of the community. This central position of the child results from its status which is close to that of ancestors and deity. For this reason nobody can harm a child without offending both deity and the ancestors of the community and therefore provoking their anger towards the community of the culprit. In consequence, by watching over the security of the child the community watches over its own security as well as its economic prosperity as the child represents the economic capacity of the community. The second period, the colonial period, is characterized by the calling into question of the traditional legal protection of the child. Colonization, by virtue of its principles and administrative system imposed itself as the sole way of analyzing all sociological and judicial issues in Africa, despite the counter values that Africans blame it for introducing into their societies. Not only did the methods of introducing this organization provoke resistance, its refusal to take into account the traditional principles regulating African societies transformed the introduction into a problem instead of a solution towards helping African societies to “evolve”. In consequence, the judicial system proposed by colonization to protect the child never achieved the support of the great majority of African populations. The contemporary period, that is to say the post-colonial period, has little improved the real judicial situation of the African child. The stubbornness of African governments in drafting legislation as a continuation of colonial laws has rendered the penal law system ineffective. The intervention of regional and international law, through the Convention for the Rights of the Child and its additional protocols, along with The African Charter for the Rights and Well-being of the Child remain without any real effect. Those laws which don’t manage to create a universal law with “multiple facets” thereby integrating the specificities of Africa, seem condemned to have a minimal impact because they neither conquer the spirit nor the hearts of Africans who remain attached to their traditions, on both on a practical and a judicial level. Togo, fortunately, unlike, other countries in black Africa, seems to have realized that it is necessary to reconcile laws and people. It has been involved, for several years, in the construction of a more dynamic penal system for the protection on the child. This reconciliation of law with the people is being undertaken with information campaigns and the involvement of civil society through NGOs and associations. However, the still timid results must be pointed out on the basis that this process will only achieve its full effect by integrating in a considerable way the specific realities of Africa
Diagana, Yakhouba. "Le droit international du développement durable et le continent africain : mesure du degré de transposition des règles internationales de développement économique et de protection de l'environnement en Afrique de l'Ouest (Mauritanie, Sénégal)." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0766.
Full textThe International law of Sustainable Development by his normative production since the international Conference of Stockholm (1972) on world environment can be defined like a group of internationals economics rules and environment protection. This approach in agreement with the Gro Harlem Brundtland Rapport ("Our common future") of 1987 which the terms enforce to the International Community the necessity of the determination of efficient rules for the control of the movement of the Intelligent Dimension (the Human Activity) that continue to influence considerably and negatively the Intermediairy Dimension (the Environment) from that depend essentially and substantially the Final or Intelligible Dimension ( The Human Being). In west of Africa (Mauritania – Senegal) the application of these rules constitute some considerable problems from the history of this continent, in part (Title I) that made also for their efficient application some structurals obstacles in other part (Title II)
Zoungrana, Ibrahim. "Réflexions autour de la protection des consommateurs de la zone UEMOA dans sa perspective d'intégration économique communautaire : Étude comparative avec le droit europén (Français)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0030/document.
Full textFor a number of years, WAEMU member states have been engaged in a major project of economic liberalization followed by an ambition for an economic integration. This makes consumerist national legislative projects difficult. This study questions whether these ambitions for economic integration take into account the interests of consumers and whether we need an effective consumer protection in the common market. How could this economic liberalism be reconciled with an effective consumer protection within the common market? In other words, would a divergence between the various provisions of the Member States be harmful to consumers? Finally, can we actually speak about a real West-African consumer protection law? Throughout this study it will be demonstrated that community consumer protection exists, but it is sectoral. However, the areas left “vacant” by Community Law are implicitly governed by different national embryonic and mostly identical provisions. Hence the risk of legal uncertainty and the need for the OHADA project on contract law as a perspective within the framework of consumer protection in WAEMU and within the common market
Mballo, Tahirou. "Gestion des aires protégées en Afrique : étude de cas : protection de la nature dans le parc national du Niokolo Koba, Sénegal." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010630.
Full textCissé, Emilie-Yangor. "Etude des politiques publiques de la protection de l'enfance en droit français et dans les systèmes de l'Afrique de l'ouest francophone." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083548.
Full text1 - In introduction, the needs of childhood protection will be reviewed. This review will take into consideration the physical & intellectual vulnerabilities of children. This will be done for the French-speaking countries of western Africa. 2 - A more detailed analysis will focus on the priorities of child protection in each of concerned States. 3 - Needs for protection in the following areas will be reviewed : (1) health ; (2) education (3) ill-treatments (sexual abuses, kidnapping, forced work, etc ; (4) Begging ; (5) hunger. 4 - The conclusion will show that a loft is still to be done, despite the goodwill and current efforts of those States, both at the legal and at the field levels
Amadou, Adamou Bachirou. "Le constitutionnalisme à l’épreuve de l’intégration dans l’espace CEDEAO : contribution à l’étude de la protection des droits fondamentaux depuis l’« ouverture démocratique » en Afrique." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0123/document.
Full textThe study of constitutionalism in the legal order of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), through the lens of the protection of fundamental rights, seems particularly interesting, such that the West African organization has undergone a profound transformation or even metamorphosis. From an economic point of view, ECOWAS has transcended it’s initial dimension to achieve supranationality, the only way to the proven effectiveness that will allow it both to seize it’s community ambition and not miss the meeting of globalization. This is evidenced by the ever-increasing constitutionalization of the Community legal order by a Praetorian method of protecting fundamental rights, which has enable the ECOWAS Court of Justice to establish it’s autonomy. However, constitutionalism does not seem to penetrate definitely the West African legal order which is only in it’s embryonic stage. Nevertheless, in the face of demands of an African democratic renewal, it was necessary to turn resolutely towards the creation of a legal and political environment conducive to the realization of the African integration project. In order to better define the community’s conviction and definitively enshrine the renewal of regionalism, the Member States had to abandon their unreasoned theoretical ambition, based on developmentalism, to guarantee the process of integration, the essential elements for the construction of it’s "identity", in particular it’s "constitutional identity". In that respect, the normative evolution of ECOWAS, first initiated by the Revised Treaty, then by the Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance and finally the Accra Protocol relating to the Court of Justice, has made it possible to determine the constitutional framework of the Community. These are fundamental evolutions which have allowed both the legalization of fundamental rights and the affirmation of West African constitutionalism. These principles of constitutional convergence thus make it possible to respond to the political and security challenges, the keystone of the construction of a public community space: the ECOWAS region
Fall, Cheikh Lo. "La protection juridique des investissements directs étrangers dans les pays en développement : l'exemple de l'Afrique de l'ouest." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0307.
Full text"The protection of foreign direct investment in developing countries: the example of West Africa"FDI is at the heart of globalization and north-south economic relations. The question of their protection and legal regulation is acute. Faced with the scarcity of other sources of development finance (development aid) and the difficulties of access to technology, FDI is an important resource for filling the insufficiency of internal resources. This is why African countries in general, and those in West Africa in particular, are competing vigorously to receive foreign capital by providing them with an attractive, secure and non-discriminatory legal and institutional framework. Indeed, in the West African subregion, the law is used by States, but also by subregional integration organizations such as ECOWAS as an important instrument for demonstrating economic attractiveness. Thus, the analysis and measurement of the legal and institutional framework for FDI in West Africa will be discussed. In other words, has the security dimension of the investment (reception, processing, guarantee and settlement of disputes etc.) allowed for greater promotion and reception of investments from these countries?The interest of the subject is multiple. Indeed, at the legal and academic level, it allows to know, analyze and situate the entire legal regime of foreign investment at the internal level (investment code, mining code, oil code). At the external level, there is a multitude of conventions - such as bilateral BIT investment treaties -, accession to the relevant international investment conventions, and of course the increasingly visible and visible role of Community law in through the "communitisation of the law of foreign direct investment". The study of this subject shows the deep gap that exists between theory and practice in the FDI legislation of the countries of this part of Africa. If, upstream, the texts are more or less similar to those of the advanced countries, downstream, the execution of the texts by the public administrations makes mediocre the environment and the practice of the businesses. This theme on the legal protection of investments raises other questions and issues such as: the intervention of more and more actors and the instruments negotiated within them (World Bank, ADB, WTO, OECD, ECOWAS and UEMOA). etc.). There are also new issues related to environmental issues, corporate social responsibility and heritage issues. Finally, the problems posed by new types of investment, particularly PPP public-private partnerships, will be studied. The current nature of the research is striking, as there are several issues related to investment protection in countries such as West Africa. It is about the transfer of technology in a new context, the industrialization by the natural resources, the contribution on the development of the host country and the creation of jobs especially in an international context where Africa became again attractive
Diop, Papa Abdoulaye. "La protection internationale des investissements étrangers en Afrique de l'ouest : espace CEDEAO (Communauté Économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0019/document.
Full textThe international protection of foreign Investments within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) requires establishing the competence of the latter to ensure the security of the property of economic operators who are nationals of third States in its area. Thus, it has been shown that through its instruments for achieving regional integration, this community organization could be led to ensure the security of foreign investments. But, although ECOWAS’s willingness to assume such a function is great, the analysis shows that it has certain shortcomings which are intrinsically linked to the difference in nature between Community law and the Conventional law of investment. In this view, it was urgent to find other supplementary and even complementary instruments in the community protection of foreign investments within the community. These instruments have been localized in General International Law both through its substantive rules as in its procedural mechanics. However, while the protection afforded by ECOWAS law to the properties of foreign investors has been found to be ineffective, that of the international law, on the other hand, seems excessive to the point of being detrimental to host States, as long as it requires leveling. On examination, the observer might have the feeling that there is a tug of war between International law and Community law in securing the assets of foreign economic operators. This observer will then note that the law of the protection of foreigners enters a new era. Indeed, for a long time limited in the bilateral framework between the State of origin and the host States of the investment, the issue of securing foreign investments has acquired such acuity in the economic life of the State entities that it is tends to become a community affair. Finally, i twill be appreciated that, while the purpose of conventional investment law is the protection of foreigners, it may, in some respects, be a stimulus to good governance
Adoby, Clément. "Facteurs d'évolution des parts de marché agricole : cas du café et du cacao en Côte d'Ivoire, au Ghana et au Nigéria." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10112.
Full textBoilève, Félix. "Une "Banque du savoir" ? Enquête sur la nature et la politique de l'expertise de la Banque mondiale." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM023.
Full textIn the 1990s, the World Bank was facing an unprecedented crisis, due to the consequences of structural adjustment programs and of some projects it financed, which were considered harmful by many. The response of the international institution was to describe itself as a “Knowledge Bank”, claiming by this term that its primary value lied in its development knowledge, while acknowledging the political nature and the need to transform this knowledge. This thesis takes up this self-description and investigates the current nature of this Knowledge Bank. To this end, ethnographic studies, mainly in West Africa, were conducted on knowledge that the World Bank itself has identified as one of its prominent concern: the knowledge embedded in its development interventions (projects, technical assistance). By discussing mainly the literature in anthropology of development, and building upon relevant work in Science and technology studies, the thesis identifies an “expertise as operation” at the heart of these interventions. This expression denotes the actions undertaken by World Bank experts (consultants, project managers) to construct or transform the identities and problems of individual or collective entities, through the production and mobilisation of knowledge about them, and often by ensuring that these entities seize upon this knowledge about themselves. The choice made in the thesis to analyse economic interventions (support for the competitiveness of an economic sector, support for the development of entrepreneurship, or research on industrial policies) allows for an in-depth analysis of the much criticized neoliberal and “economicist” policy of the World Bank, so as to show that the politics of the institution cannot be reduced to those aspects, and is primarily embedded in these operations of expertise on identities and problems
Sow, Idrissa. "La protection de l’ordre juridique sous-régional par les Cours de justice : contribution à l’étude de la fonction judiciaire dans les organisations ouest-africaines d’intégration." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40029.
Full textAfter being freed from colonization, the West African States have set up commonly economic integration organizations to promote their economic and social development.The creation of the majority of those organizations is based on the European example and they have an independent legal personality and a body with specific rules in charge of integrating uniformly the internal legal environment of the different Member States.The harmonious functioning of the system requires, among others, the existence of an independent structure designed to take control of the general balance organization and achieve a uniform interpretation of the Community norms. Within the framework of the WAEMU as well as in the ECOWAS, this protective function is delegated to integrated judicial bodies whose main mission consists in making sure that a submission to the law related to the interpretation and compliance with Treaties is effective.The goal of such a contribution is to point out that the settled protection device is functioning, on the one hand, by the cooperation mechanisms introduced by justice courts and the other components of the Community system and, on the other hand, by the judicial control over the community structures and the Member States
Ouedraogo, Wendkouni Adelphe Sabine. "Étude comparée de l’intégration juridique de la tradimédecine dans les systèmes de santé publique en Afrique de l’Ouest : les cas du Ghana et du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0009.
Full textTraditional medicine and pharmacopeia are still nowadays for thousands of people in West Africa, the unique healthcare solution. If this fact is often considered as arising solely from the weakness of the allopathic health system, it could also be a result of socio-cultural choices. Indeed, people especially in rural areas are strongly influenced by traditional vision and beliefs about diseases’ origins, which could have natural or induced causes in this traditional conception. For a long time, this resort to traditional medicine was done without the supervision and support of the appropriate measures and regulations. This has generated high public healthcare risks. Moreover, the multiplication of bioprospection’s without states control has led to a sharp increase in illicit appropriation of traditional medicine knowledge for the purposes of pharmaceutical innovation. This has created new issues in the South, especially about local populations’ intellectual property on their traditional knowledge. Highlighting these facts has raised new concerns within the competent international and regional institutions: the need of protection for local and indigenous communities’ rights over their genetic resources and associated tradimedical knowledge, and the need of building a fair system of exploitation of resources and medical indigenous knowledge for purposes of research and development. The Burkinabe and Ghanaian states have, in order to overcome these issues, adopted legislations to regulate traditional care practices as well as the production and placement on their national markets of traditional and neo-traditional medicines
Kouassi, Kouamé Germain. "Les écrivains ivoiriens et la langue française: heurs et malheurs d'un mariage contre nature : l'exemple de l'oeuvre romanesque de Dadié, Kourouma et Adiaffi." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040245.
Full textThe present thesis entitled: Ivorian writers and french language: fortunes and misfortunes of a marriage against nature. An example of Dadié, Kourouma and Adiaffi's romance work, it takes a formal study and some detailed stylistic procedures put to work by the three principle writers of Côte d'Ivoire ( Dadie, Kourouma, and Adiaffi) to try and overcome the major obstacles that constitutes, obviously, french language in free expression of their tradition and of their cultural personalities. Also, it clearly looks like these writers have cunningly used in their romantic speech some terms, some constructions and particular forms of expression directly extracted from languages of their motherland by the help of a diversity of gathering and putting together into interlinguistics. Having in that one reference the imaginary african, they have in general foreseen obstacles, succeeded in showing that in the centre of a large language of international communication like french, it is possible to find a place for a plural expression, and, by the same way, for exchange between different languages and cultures
Niang, Pathé Marame. "Les processus participatifs dans la gestion des écosystèmes en Afrique de l'Ouest : une contribution à la démocratie environnementale." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROD003/document.
Full textThe participative processes basing on the principles of information and participation regarding environment contribute to the environmental democracy in Africa the West. This contribution is made beyond the implementation of these principles in the management of the ecosystems, by the research for an environmental social justice and the attempt to implement (operate) the principles of good governance in the service of the management of the ecosystems and the respect for human rights in the field of the environment. However, so that the participative processes make a better contribution to the environmental democracy in western Africa, it is necessary that the legal framework of the participation of the public is clarified. This legal framework concerns as well the access to the information, the procedures of participation of the public in the decision-making and in the management regarding environment, but especially to offer the possibility to the public to be listened by the justice or by of other one methods of payment of the disputes regarding environment and regarding management of the ecosystems
Niang, Mouhamadou Lamine. "Le droit de la sécurité sociale des Etats membres de l'Union Economique Monétaire Ouest Africaine, au regard des normes de l'Organisation Internationale du Travail : étude de droit comparé." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10005.
Full textThe compensation of the absence or the reduction of the earned income resulting from social risks to which are exposed the members of the community of States UEMOA knows limits. With regard to the standards of the International Labor Organization, the national insurance schemes which are inspired by the laws, statutory and conventional measures as a whole intended with the exception of the unemployment to protect the individual, are traced on the European model. The system of social security connected to the development of the wage-earner being the foundation of the minimum standard. The convention n°102 ratified by two States on eight of the UEMOA, Niger and Senegal, under the profit of dispensations, the acceptance of at least three eventualities is inconveniently taken back by the convention CIPRES, supposed to harmonize the legislations of social security of African States, while develops at present a new notion of the worker which does not limit itself any more simply to the employees, the notion which has a more restricted legal meaning. The consequence is that the national laws, very below international standards become also unsuitable. From the point of view of the personal field of application, the problem of the cover settles with all the more acuteness as the possibilities of an extension constitute an almost insuperable obstacle. States taken remotely cannot to them come only at the end of the limits connected to their level of development. Numerous solutions for the extension of the right of the Social Security were worldwide experimented. They offer a kaleidoscope of models getting organized around the institutions of foresight and social mutual insurance or the assistance. But the consideration of the respect for the dignity of the person which inspires in particular the right for a social coverage imposes to consider that the extension of the Social Security to those who lack it requires the joint action of States UEMOA which bases itself on the professional ethics not "by the industrial catching up", but by return in the missed stage, the primary, only sector to be able to underlie "a new social protect floor"
Yoboue, Koffi Kouadio Michel. "La question de la remédiation environnementale résultant de l'exploitation artisanale, à petite échelle du diamant : cas de l'Union du fleuve Mano." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30013/document.
Full textArtisanal and small-scale diamond mining is practiced in all countries of the Mano River Union (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone) in a rudimentary and informal manner. However artisanal diamond mining is an important means of livelihood for most local communities in the Mano River Union. Based on our field research and surveys of miners, this type of mining has direct impacts on the forest ecosystem, soil and watercourses. In addition, the research shows that reducing the environmental impacts of artisanal and small scale diamond mining is not seen as a necessity or a major concern in the mining communities. There is often a lack of understanding and insufficient capacity to deal with environmental problems among artisanal miners, as revealed in our study of three mining sites in Côte d'Ivoire; Bobi, Toubabouko and Tortiya. Protected areas, which are of major ecological and socioeconomic importance for the populations of the Mano River Union countries, are unfortunately under pressure because of artisanal diamond mining. Especially since artisanal miners at the surveyed sites are often in precarious socio-economic situations more preoccupied by means of survival under very difficult working conditions. In recent years, the Kimberley Process has been focusing on environmental issues. In 2012, the Washington Declaration on Integrating Development of Artisanal and Small-Scale Diamond Mining in the implementation of the Kimberley Process highlighted the importance of considering the ramifications and environmental consequences of artisanal mining. To this end, a survey of artisanal miners in Côte d'Ivoire in 2014 made it clear that the legal, social, institutional and political framework of the Ivorian government, was neither adapted to the solution of the social problems of miners nor to the settlement of environmental problems caused by mining activities. This diagnosis should serve as a model for the other countries of the Mano River Union. The reclamation of artisanal mining sites is therefore possible in spite of the environmental impacts of artisanal mining. In fact there is a need for reclamation procedures and protocols adapted to the educational and financial realities of artisanal miners. In this regard, Sierra Leone has been a model in reclamation of abandoned mining sites through pilot projects such as "Land after Diamonds: Land Reclamation for Agriculture and Advocacy Pilot Initiative". These projects have helped to protect the environment and improve the socio-economic conditions of artisanal miners. However, these reclamation projects, although salutary, also have limitations which deserve to be taken into account in future initiatives of the other countries of the Mano River Union