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1
Stańczyk-Hugiet, Ewa. "Organizational Routines and Innovation: Micro and Macro Antecedents." Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, no. 31 (July 29, 2019): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/jmfs.2018.31.8.
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This paper explores the ambiguous nature of organizational routines in regard to generating innovation or innovation routine. Considering the dual character of routine, we conceptualize that routines have inherently a potential to drive changes, therefore, organizational routines should be considered as a trigger of innovation. In order to exploit organizational routines as a vehicle for innovation, managers should be aware that micro and macro level factors influence the dynamics ofroutines. Hence, to design proper organizational settings managers should learn about the mechanisms activating learning processes as essential for new knowledge generation as well as for novelty generation through organization built on a routine system.
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Fiol, Marlena, and Edward O’Connor. "Unlearning established organizational routines – Part I." Learning Organization 24, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tlo-09-2016-0056.
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Purpose The purpose of this two-part paper is to develop a process model of unlearning established organizational routines. The model traces the interactions among three unlearning sub-processes: ostensive aspects of initial destabilization of an established routine; performative aspects of ongoing discarding-from-use of old behaviors and experimenting with new ones; and ostensive aspects of eventual release of prior understandings and development of new ones. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on evidence from psychology and cognitive science to explain the mechanisms underlying organizational processes of unlearning embedded routines. Findings The proposed model contributes to enriching current understanding of unlearning organizational routines without contradicting it. Consistent with prior understanding, destabilizing an old routine may lead to discarding it, and further discarding-from-use is likely required for continued destabilization of embedded routines. Again, consistent with prior understanding, experimenting with new behaviors may be a desired outcome of unlearning an old routine, and ongoing experimentation is likely required to sustain unlearning embedded routines. Originality/value The organizational unlearning literature provides many examples of organizational members relinquishing old routines to then make new learning possible and also provides little insight into the processes by which this occurs. The paper addresses this gap by modeling the mutually reinforcing nature of three unlearning sub-processes.
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Koome, Femke, Clare Hocking, and Daniel Sutton. "Why Routines Matter: The Nature and Meaning of Family Routines in the Context of Adolescent Mental Illness." Journal of Occupational Science 19, no. 4 (October 2012): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2012.718245.
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Jouxtel, Pascal. "Rituals and routines." Society and Business Review 14, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-03-2018-0029.
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Purpose The terms rituals and routines are often conflated in everyday speech about teams, which betrays a common ontology. Yet these concepts have long been researched in two segregated currents of thought: one stemming from sociology and anthropology, focused on the quality of togetherness and the other from evolutionary economics, focused on market performance. The common ontology is nevertheless present in the processual nature of rituals and routines, the underlying shared reference to the “structure-action-artifact” triad and the statement that both are sources of change as well as stability. This paper aims to assess the pertinence of a joint approach. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a historical and contrasted view on the two concepts. A comprehensive field observation of two teams in mid-term organizational change contexts, focused on collective “doings”, is reported. The tentative “binocular lens” was made of two chosen sets of variables, drawn from the theoretical fields of rituals and organizational routines. Findings The distinction between rituals and routines in people’s perception, though largely confused, nonetheless reveals the tension between variable and opposing demands for both change and stability from the team side and from the organization side. Their joint action is effective in enhancing the team’s feelings of confidence and control over its own performance and its future within the organization. Research limitations/implications This paper is supported by a comparison of only two teams, leaving room for further empirical research about the effects of endogenous rituality and localized routines on autonomy, efficiency and pride. Originality/value This paper offers a new theoretical joint view on the two concepts and explores an endogenous potential for organizational change feeding on emotional and symbolic aspects of team work.
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Stańczyk-Hugiet, Ewa, Katarzyna Piórkowska, and Sylwia Stańczyk. "Demystifying emergence of organizational routines." Journal of Organizational Change Management 30, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 525–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-03-2016-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discourse the essence and utility of (re)emergence theory as the starting point of understanding and interpreting organizational routines dynamics as well as to propose a conceptual framework reflecting both epistemological and methodological value as the keystone of analysing the rationale of organizational routines and the process of their emergence. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on extensive literature studies. Findings Referring to the research problem concerning the reconciliation organizational routines and the emergence phenomenon, the findings complement the insights of the dominant theoretical perspectives in organizational routine theory, providing a more comprehensive understanding of organizational dynamics by directly addressing the heretofore intractable phenomenon of emergence. In addition, it is going to be a well-justified epistemological base to operationalize routines – not only per se, but also with regard to the mechanisms enacted. Originality/value Routines change over time and the current studies results are not sufficient to understand these changes yet. Interpreting organizational routines from the emergence theory perspective reveals their soft, indeterministic, and unpredictable nature and ought to render the scholars dealing with that phenomenon interpretatively and methodologically cautious. Emergence is a priori embedded in organizational routines’ context. The considerations included in the paper are salient regarding ontological and epistemological issues as they emphasize specific thought and research directions in the field of organization study eventually. Emergence ideas may play a part in discussions of spontaneous order, particularly by implementing it to routines construct. A major issue is the role of these ideas and processes within organizational evolution.
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Cohn, Patrick J. "Preperformance Routines in Sport: Theoretical Support and Practical Applications." Sport Psychologist 4, no. 3 (September 1990): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.4.3.301.
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The purpose of this review is to discuss the theoretical and empirical support for the use of cognitive behavioral preperformance routines in sport and also to provide suggestions for the practitioner in developing and structuring cognitive and behavioral preparatory routines given the nature of the task and personal preferences. The first section discusses the underlying theoretical assumptions supporting the use of preperformance routines. The second section elaborates on empirical research that has been conducted on cognitive behavioral interventions and preperformance routines in sport. The final section details the practical implications of routines based upon theories and research in the area and provides recommendations for developing and teaching preperformance routines to athletes.
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PENTLAND, BRIAN T. "The foundation is solid, if you know where to look: comment on Felin and Foss." Journal of Institutional Economics 7, no. 2 (December 23, 2010): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174413741000041x.
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Abstract:This paper offers an alternative to the view of the routines literature provided by T. Felin and N. J. Foss, ‘The Endogenous Origins of Experience, Routines and Organizational Capabilities: The Poverty of Stimulus’, published by theJournal of Institutional Economics. The emphasis here is on practice-based theories of organizational routines that are grounded in close, ethnographic observation of real routines. While this literature may be unfamiliar to some readers, it is relevant here because it specifically contradicts the core assertions made by Felin and Foss. Further, this literature provides a clear theoretical foundation for subsequent research on problems such as stability and change in routines, the nature of capabilities and dynamic capabilities, and complex ecologies of routines.
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Longoni, Annachiara, Mark Pagell, Anton Shevchenko, and Robert Klassen. "Human capital routines and sustainability trade-offs." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 39, no. 5 (August 15, 2019): 690–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-05-2018-0247.
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Purpose Sustainable operations management is characterized by environmental, social and operational goals. The implementation of routines to protect and direct the effective use of human capital is proposed to potentially improve all three dimensions. However, functional managers with overlapping responsibilities at the plant-level might implement human capital routines based on their individual functional schemas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether functional managers have conflicting perceptions of human capital routines, due to narrow perceptions benefiting their own functional domain, and thus generate trade-offs. Design/methodology/approach A combination of matched survey and archival data from 198 manufacturing plants is used to explore the degree to which functional managers have conflicting perceptions of human capital routines and the effects of these perceptions on sustainability outcomes. Findings The results indicate that on average functional managers have conflicting perceptions that generate trade-offs between sustainability dimensions. However, when functional managers had a shared perception better outcomes on all sustainability dimensions are shown. Thus, human capital routines can be a powerful tool for sustainability only if senior management can promote a shared schema across functional managers. Originality/value Differently than most previous studies assuming shared sustainability goals within an organization, this study considers a multiplicity of functional actors with potentially varying perceptions about sustainability goals and links these to organizational routine implementation and outcomes. Additionally, the dynamic and subjective nature of organizational routines, such as human capital routines, is proposed to explain contradictory impacts in a multi-objective setting such as sustainable operations management.
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Eriksson, Therese. "Developing Routines in Large Inter-organisational Projects: A Case Study of an Infrastructure Megaproject." Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i3.4601.
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General management research has increasingly recognised the significance of routines in organisational performance. Among organisational tasks, megaprojects depend more on routines selected and created within the project than standard, small-scale projects do, owing largely to their size, duration, and uniqueness. Within this context, the present paper investigates how project routines were established and developed during the early design phase of an inter-organisational megaproject. A case study of a large public infrastructure project was conducted, in which data were collected during observations, semi-structured interviews, and project document studies over the course of three years. Results of analysis revealed that the client exerted the greatest impact on choice of routines and that the temporary nature of tasks limited efforts to fine-tune routines. Changes in routines were primarily reactive to new knowledge concerning project needs. The findings suggest that meta-routines to consciously review routines should be used to a greater extent and designed to capture supplier experiences as well.
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Melo Brentan, Bruno, Edevar Luvizotto Jr., and Lubienska Cristina L. J. Ribeiro. "PSO Applied to Reduce the Cost of Energy in Water Supply Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.703.
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The growth of urban population and subsequent expansion of the cities impose difficulties of gather a reliable water supply systems that attend the fluctuations of demand throughout the day, and their operation with appropriate hydraulic and operational parameters. The search of better routines for water pumping stations with both starting and stopping of pumps or use of variable speed devices has become increasingly common, and the motivation of this search is found in the need for energy saving. But the task is arduous and becomes fertile field for the application of modern techniques and robust optimization. Noteworthy are currently those that seek their inspiration in nature systems, such as Particle Swarm Optimization, which is based on intelligence of groups, such as schools of fish or swarms of bee. By this way, the present work aims to contribute to the topic, developing a hybrid algorithm (simulator-optimizer) for determination of optimized routines for pumping station i.e., routines that seek the best operational routine for an extended period of 24 hours.
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Meade, Denise. "Reinterpretation of Regime Analysis in International Relations." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 3, no. 4 (November 12, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v3i4.52.
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This kind of study is not the first attempt to look at conflict management procedures through a regime paradigm; that has already recently been attempted by proponents of the problem-structural mode of analysis. About the conflictual nature of issues, and of how routines are internally related to issue-areas problem structuralists have conceptualized international routines as a particular function of conflict.
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Fiol, C. Marlena, and Edward J. O’Connor. "Unlearning established organizational routines – Part II." Learning Organization 24, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tlo-09-2016-0063.
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Purpose The purpose of Part II of this two-part paper is to uncover important differences in the nature of the three unlearning subprocesses, which call for different leadership interventions to motivate people to move through them. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on research in behavioral medicine and psychology to demonstrate that initial destabilizing of old patterns and the subsequent behavioral processes of discarding the old and experimenting with the new are qualitatively different. Findings Leadership interventions must fit the unique requirements of each unlearning subprocess. Discarding old routines requires continued focus on the costs of not doing so, as well as a progressive refocus on positive possibilities and engaging people in activities to explore them. When aspects of the old routine resurface, the costs of relapse must again become salient, leading to further discarding-from-use, followed by further positive experimentation. Finally, maintaining long-term release of an embedded routine requires recognition of the emerging new patterns and a shift from future-oriented visioning of possibilities to current satisfaction with the new. Originality/value All empirical studies of organizational unlearning imply some form of destabilization of old learning as an antecedent to unlearning, and many of them discuss subsequent behavioral and cognitive displacement. However, they have not clearly distinguished between these subprocesses to fine-tune how to motivate people to move through them. This paper addresses that gap.
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Kuiper, Marlot. "Connective Routines: How Medical Professionals Work with Safety Checklists." Professions and Professionalism 8, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): e2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/pp.2251.
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New standards like checklists are introduced to establish so-called “connective professionalism,” but it is difficult to work with checklists in daily circumstances. Professionals might comply with standards, but they might also neglect or resist them. By linking the sociology of professions to routine theory, we develop a relational perspective on working with standards, which is sensitive to the actual usage of standards, not so much “by” but “in-between” professionals. We analysed whether and how checklists are part of daily professional routines. Our ethnographic data show that medical professionals pragmatically cope with checklists. They “tick boxes,” but also use standards to improve case treatment, depending on the nature of cases, time pressure, and team composition. Connections between professionals not so much result from standards, but are a prerequisite for using standards. Professionals themselves rather than checklists establish collaboration, but checklists might be important devices for using “connective potential.”Various exogenous developments force professions to organize collaboration. New standards, like checklists, are introduced to reconfigure work and organize so-called ‘connective professionalism’. Despite serious efforts, it has proven difficult to incorporate these standards in daily practice. Different perspectives on the reconfiguration of professional work explain noncompliance. While implementation science employs a solely instrumental perspective, Sociology of Professions literature employs a broader social perspective mostly focusing on maintaining professional power. By combining Sociology of Professions and Routine Theory, this paper provides an analytical perspective that embraces possibilities for change of routines. A critical case in surgical care is used to empirically show how a checklist (re)creates professional routines. Our ethnographic data show that rather than the result of active professional resistance, differences between checklists and routines emerge from pragmatic coping with checklists amidst high-paced circumstances. Though deviating from the formal rule, these might be meaningful action patterns.
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Bresnen, Mike, Anna Goussevskaia, and Jacky Swan. "Organizational Routines, Situated Learning and Processes of Change in Project-Based Organizations." Project Management Journal 36, no. 3 (September 2005): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875697280503600304.
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Understanding and effecting change in project-based forms of organization is made difficult by the dispersed nature of management practices in such organizations and their effects upon the reinforcement of localized practices and routines that militate against the spread oforganization-wide change initiatives. Taking a perspective that is informed by the “situated” approach to knowledge and learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991), this paper focuses upon the role of organizational routines (Becker, 2004) in constraining or enabling the spread of new management practices within the firm. Drawing upon four case studies of change within UK construction firms, the paper examines the relationship between new and existing management practices and routines, focusing upon the effects of agency and managerial power and influence. Two key dimensions are revealed that influence the nature and extent of change: the extent to which new management initiatives interfere with existing project management practices; and the extent to which they disrupt the balance of power/knowledge within the organization. Implications for understanding and managing change in project-based organ-ization are drawn out and assessed.
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M. Kallemeyn, Leanne. "School-level organizational routines for learning: supporting data use." Journal of Educational Administration 52, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 529–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-02-2013-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use an extreme case to identify and describe the nature of routines that might support processes and outcomes of data use, drawing from a framework developed by Coburn and Turner (2012a). Design/methodology/approach – The author conducted a four-month case study (Stake, 1995) of an elementary school in a large urban school district that had implemented balanced score cards. The author identified a school that had strong qualities to support data use, including leadership and information systems. Findings – Two school-level organizational routines facilitated teachers’ data use: collaborative teams and processes of inquiry. These routines stored knowledge about the types of data teachers ought to notice, and to a lesser extent, how they ought to interpret data and construct implications for practice. These routines also provided opportunities for single and double-loop learning (Argyris and Schön, 1996) and might contribute to improvements in student learning. This case provides an example of how a school negotiated external performance management pressures, and maintained their professional autonomy, focussing on internally initiated assessments. Originality/value – Relatively little research has described what organizational routines support data use among practitioners. In addition to describing two routines, this case also demonstrated the need to frame these routines as organizational routines for learning. To further develop these routines, the author drew on the notion of the knowledge-creating company (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995) to explain how the school used their organizational routines to share tacit knowledge (socialization), and to convert tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge (externalization), which supported instructional innovations.
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Mahringer, Christian A., and Birgit Renzl. "Entrepreneurial initiatives as a microfoundation of dynamic capabilities." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 14, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-11-2016-0066.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show how entrepreneurial initiatives in organizations serve as a microfoundation of dynamic capabilities and, thus, foster change in organizations. Design/methodology/approach This paper revises and applies conceptual and empirical research on dynamic capabilities, their microfoundations and corporate entrepreneurship. In addition, it develops a model of how entrepreneurial initiatives, operative routines and capabilities interact. Findings The paper develops a model of how entrepreneurial initiatives in organizations represent a microfoundation of dynamic capabilities. First, the model shows that environmental dynamism reduces fit of operative routines and capabilities. Second, the model states that entrepreneurial initiatives are triggered by operative routines and capabilities with respect to environmental dynamism. Third, the model suggests that entrepreneurial initiatives disrupt operative routines and capabilities and, thus, restore their fit in dynamic environments. The paper contributes to current research on dynamic capabilities, their microfoundations and corporate entrepreneurship. Originality/value This paper addresses the tension between routinization and the entrepreneurial nature of dynamic capabilities. Considering entrepreneurial initiatives as a microfoundation shows that dynamic capabilities might be entrepreneurial, but still preserve their patterned nature enabling repeated execution. This approach provides a way to reconcile the two sub-streams in dynamic capability research and preserve their ontological assumptions. Moreover, this paper extends the literature on dynamic capabilities by ascertaining how individual and group level entrepreneurial initiatives operate within a broader context.
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Altintas, Gulsun. "Le rôle des routines dans la construction des capacités dynamiques : le cas d’une entreprise dans le secteur touristique." Management international 21, no. 3 (October 24, 2018): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1052768ar.
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Nous mobilisons le concept de routine afin de saisir la récurrence du processus de construction des capacités dynamiques. Nous adoptons une démarche d’étude de cas au sein d’un tour-opérateur. Notre méthode qualitative permet d’identifier deux capacités dynamiques : la première est liée à la diversification des activités et la deuxième est liée au développement du réseau commercial. Nos résultats soulignent l’importance des routines existantes et nouvelles dans la construction des capacités dynamiques. Ils montrent également que le processus de construction - qui est différent en fonction de la nature émergente ou délibérée de l’opportunité - résulte de la routinisation d’une expérimentation réussie.
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Frigotto, M. Laura, and Marco Zamarian. "Mindful by routine: Evidence from the Italian Air Force Tornado crews flying practices." Journal of Management & Organization 21, no. 3 (February 9, 2015): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.85.
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AbstractOrganization studies have long focused on the problem of understanding the possibility of pursuing effectiveness and resilience at the same time. An emerging perspective, reconciling mindfulness and routines, allows to address these contrasting goals: routines channel the exploratory nature of mindfulness, but they also support it by providing context to its enactment. Despite these results, available empirical evidence from mindful organizations has not helped understand how mindfulness can be supported by routines without losing its broader scope of attention. Moreover, an operational definition of mindfulness is still an open question.In this paper, we adopt an analytical framework allowing to break down routines into their sensing and reacting components. Using evidence from the flying practices of Tornado crews in the Italian Air Force, we show that mindfulness concerns the parallel activation and re-combination of these components, allowing the rapid deployment of responses but also the continuous reassessment of the situation.
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Sari, Burak, Hermann Loeh, and Bernhard R. Katzy. "Emerging Collaboration Routines in Knowledge-Intensive Work Processes." International Journal of e-Collaboration 6, no. 1 (January 2010): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jec.2010091103.
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This article aims to identify how knowledge workers develop their own collaboration strategies and techniques for getting their work done in complex, dynamic knowledge intensive work environments. Three case studies have been conducted to explore the nature of routines in different collaborative working settings as they provide sufficient detail to better understand the actual state and problems regarding collaborative work processes among knowledge workers. Evidences from these cases show that coordination and control of projects, tasks, information, and little support by collaboration tools in all work patterns seem to be the biggest issues and there is a need for better understanding of collaboration culture as well as harmonious and integrated redesign of collaboration routines with new collaborative working environment technologies. The analysis of the cases also shows that there are considerable differences in ways of how actors communicate and coordinate their work which leads varying degrees of quality in knowledge intensive work. The results can be used to achieve a smoother collaborative working phase through innovative technical developments.
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Mol, Arthur. "The Changing Nature of Business. Institutionalisation of Green Organisational Routines in The Netherlands 1986–1995;." Journal of Cleaner Production 9, no. 4 (August 2001): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(00)00078-0.
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Matteo Giusti, Stephan Barthel, and Lars Marcus. "Nature Routines and Affinity with the Biosphere: A Case Study of Preschool Children in Stockholm." Children, Youth and Environments 24, no. 3 (2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.24.3.0016.
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van Stralen, Daved, and Thomas Mercer. "The Nature of Neonatal Experience during Pandemic COVID-19." Neonatology Today 16, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51362/neonatology.today/202131638797.
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Life abruptly becomes chaotic. This is much like crossing a threshold into a room where we don't belong. The chaotic situation entrains energy and resources, forming a trajectory to cascading failure. The HRO accepts this trajectory and members of the HRO engage in events even as they do not know how to bring it to an end. This is the liminal period, across the threshold and away from our routines. While it appears daunting, if not dangerous, this approach builds on experiences we have had throughout life. HRO methods uniquely shape the engagement that moves through and out of a liminal period. HRO is a trajectory of engagement that fuses now with the experience of then into simultaneous inquiry and redescription. In these states of engagement, the HRO supports using all our mind.
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Reich, John W., and Jason Williams. "Exploring the Properties of Habits and Routines in Daily Life." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 23, no. 2 (April 2003): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944920302300202.
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This study investigated the properties of habit and routine in daily living, extending prior studies exploring people's judgments about the stability of patterns in their lives. Scales assessing sensory, behavioral, and motivational aspects of habit were included, and confirmatory factor analysis techniques were employed to determine the presence of underlying constructs relating the various measures of habit and routine. A sample of 126 college students responded to a set of 11 scales and subscales of previous measures of habit. The resulting measurement structure incorporated 10 of those scales into a two-factor model: one factor represented cognitions and beliefs about one's routine and habits, and the other represented sensory stimulation and sensory reactions, habitual behaviors, and motivations of approach and avoidance. The results were discussed in the framework of a more comprehensive picture of the nature of habit. It was also suggested that this model potentially will have value for further exploration of measurement issues and for developing more effective interventions for improving people's daily well-being.
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Reyns, Bradford W., and Erica R. Fissel. "Recurring Online Victimization Among College Women: Risk Factors From Within the Hookup Culture." Violence and Victims 34, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00186.
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Online crime and victimization are widespread, and cyber-criminologists have made significant progress in understanding the extent and nature of many forms of cybercrime. Recurring online victimization, however, has been comparatively unexplored. Using self-report survey data collected from 541 college women, the current study seeks to examine various forms of repeated online victimization, including unwanted sexual advances, harassment, and unsolicited contacts. Specifically, the current study explores how individual characteristics, situational factors, and behavioral routines are associated with repeat online victimization. The findings revealed that behavioral routines related to the hookup culture had the most explanatory power in understanding the repeat online victimization of college women. These findings provide guidance for prevention, policy, and research.
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Wallis, Joanne. "Displaced security? The relationships, routines and rhythms of peacebuilding interveners." Cooperation and Conflict 55, no. 4 (September 9, 2020): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836720954472.
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This article considers what treating individual international interveners engaged in peacebuilding work as referent objects can tell us about emplaced security. This is important because individual interveners are diverse, embodied agents who can impact the agency, peace and security of conflict-affected populations. It argues that applying an ontological security lens can provide a partial explanation for why interveners develop narratives and perform practices, including why they sometimes identify and behave in counterproductive, and even damaging, ways. The final section considers why an analytical focus on place is valuable, noting that place-based experiences and place-identities are formative of ontological security. It argues that treating interveners as a referent object provides opportunities to rethink the tendency to focus on home as the key site of emplacement in the ontological security literature. Building on this, it argues that examining the emplaced security of interveners invites us to examine the political nature and consequences of interveners’ physical and ontological security-seeking narratives and practices, including their creation of the material and ideational structures of intervention spaces and places.
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Thin, Alasdair G., Craig Brown, and Paul Meenan. "User Experiences While Playing Dance-Based Exergames and the Influence of Different Body Motion Sensing Technologies." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/603604.
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Dance Dance Revolution is a pioneering exergame which has attracted considerable interest for its potential to promote regular exercise and its associated health benefits. The advent of a range of different consumer body motion tracking video game console peripherals raises the question whether their different technological affordances (i.e., variations in the type and number of body limbs that they can track) influence the user experience while playing dance-based exergames both in terms of the level of physical exertion and the nature of the play experience. To investigate these issues a group of subjects performed a total of six comparable dance routines selected from commercial dance-based exergames (two routines from each game) on three different consoles. The subjects’ level of physical exertion was assessed by measuring oxygen consumption and heart rate. They also reported their perceived level of exertion, difficulty, and enjoyment ratings after completing each dance routine. No differences were found in the physiological measures of exertion between the peripherals/consoles. However, there were significant variations in the difficulty and enjoyment ratings between peripherals. The design implications of these results are discussed including the tension between helping to guide and coordinate player movement versus offering greater movement flexibility.
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Consoli, Gianluca. "Predictive Error Reduction and the Twofold Nature of Aesthetic Pleasure." Art and Perception 4, no. 4 (January 24, 2016): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-00002058.
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Recently, the predictive coding account of perceptual inference has been extended to visual aesthetic experience, in particular to the experience enabled by artworks that challenge habitual predictions and ordinary perceptual routines. By virtue of its dynamical approaches, the predictive coding account of visual art catches aesthetic perception and evaluation as a complex dynamics of intertwined perpetual, affective and cognitive processes. On the basis of some of the most relevant findings of these dynamical approaches, I argue that aesthetic pleasure has a complex and original nature, something akin to a twofold nature. Specifically, I argue that aesthetic pleasure is twofold from different points of view: (a) it represents the connection of two very different functions, namely anticipation and reaction; (b) its different forms share a specific common core; however, this common core can be instantiated by very different functional relationships of causes and effects; (c) aesthetic pleasure represents a positive affective appraisal accompanying first-order elaboration, but it can also co-activate negative subjective experience, mixing together positive and negative affect.
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Matless, David. "Checking the sea: geographies of authority on the East Norfolk Coast (1790–1932)." Rural History 30, no. 02 (September 12, 2019): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793319000207.
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AbstractThis article examines coastal defence in East Norfolk between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries. From 1802 until 1932 sea defence between Happisburgh and Winterton was the responsibility of the Commissioners of Sewers for the Eastern Hundreds of Norfolk, more commonly known as the Sea Breach Commission (SBC). This article explores the geographies of authority shaping sea defence, with the SBC a body whose relationship to the local and national state could be uneasy. The article outlines the SBC’s nineteenth-century roles and routines, and examines its relationship to outside expertise, including its early hiring of geologist William Smith. The article reviews challenges to the SBC’s authority following late nineteenth-century flood events, details its early twentieth-century routines, and examines disputes over development on the sandhills. The article details the SBC’s dealings with an emerging national ‘nature state’, around issues such as coastal erosion and land drainage, matters which led to the SBC’s demise following the 1930 Land Drainage Act. The article concludes by considering the SBC’s contemporary resonance in a time of challenges to the role of the nature state, and anxieties over coastal defence.
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Alonso-Muñoz, Sara, Rocío González-Sánchez, Cristina Siligardi, and Fernando Enrique García-Muiña. "Building Exploitation Routines in the Circular Supply Chain to Obtain Radical Innovations." Resources 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10030022.
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The adaptation of the supply chain makes it an effective tool in the management of a circular economy, as it allows aspects of sustainability and regeneration to be incorporated into production. However, empirical evidence is still insufficient. In addition, the use of absorptive capacity theory provides a convenient context model that is adapted to the knowledge management required for the application of circularity principles. To study in depth the functioning of the circular supply chain, we use the dimension of exploitation of absorptive capacity, distinguishing between routines that allow adaptation to new production needs (technological knowledge) and new commercial needs (market knowledge). The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 9612 companies, divided into three levels of technology intensity manufacturing, from the PITEC panel using multivariate models. The results show that the operating routines associated with the use of production and logistics technologies developed in a circular fashion favor the development of new products. Similarly, a bidirectional knowledge flow is necessary. The first flow is toward the company with practices that allow a better understanding of the customer and their needs in the framework of the circular economy. The second flow would be toward customers, who need to be informed and educated through various marketing and communication activities to adapt their behavior to the principles of circularity.
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Klaeger, Gabriel. "DWELLING ON THE ROAD: ROUTINES, RITUALS AND ROADBLOCKS IN SOUTHERN GHANA." Africa 83, no. 3 (August 2013): 446–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000260.
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ABSTRACTThe Accra–Kumasi road, one of Ghana's most important trunk roads, traverses numerous towns and settlements whose residents at times engage intimately with the road on their doorstep. In this article, I provide ethnographic insights into the ways in which roadside dwellers conceptualize – and spatialize – the road and its roadside through distinct repertoires of movement (performed and encountered), through localized storytelling and narratives, through self-reflection, and also through disruptive and vigilante actions. I describe the spatial practices that are at the core of the dwellers' ‘anthropological’ experience of the road and its roadside, a space that is continuously domesticated, appropriated and, thus, implicated in the mundane and everyday. The dwellers' everyday practices, as well as the exceptional performances oriented to the road, appear as closely intertwined both with the liveliness, socialities and opportunities the road affords, as well as with its dangers and potential for destruction and death. Thus the ‘ambivalent nature of road experiences’, in Masquelier's phrase – namely the experience of the road as a space of both perils and possibilities – is crucial to how roadside dwellers socially produce the Accra–Kumasi road.
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Gallese, Vittorio. "The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a common mechanism." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1431 (February 14, 2003): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1234.
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It has been proposed that the capacity to code the ‘like me’ analogy between self and others constitutes a basic prerequisite and a starting point for social cognition. It is by means of this self/other equivalence that meaningful social bonds can be established, that we can recognize others as similar to us, and that imitation can take place. In this article I discuss recent neurophysiological and brain imaging data on monkeys and humans, showing that the ‘like me’ analogy may rest upon a series of ‘mirror–matching’ mechanisms. A new conceptual tool able to capture the richness of the experiences we share with others is introduced: the shared manifold of intersubjectivity. I propose that all kinds of interpersonal relations (imitation, empathy and the attribution of intentions) depend, at a basic level, on the constitution of a shared manifold space. This shared space is functionally characterized by automatic, unconscious embodied simulation routines.
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Rossetto, Carlos Ricardo, Carlos Eduardo Carvalho, Gustavo Behling, and Fernando Cesar Lenzi. "O desenvolvimento da capacidade absortiva de conhecimento a partir da incerteza ambiental." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 20, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): e17393. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/riae.v20i1.17393.
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Objective: Understand the process of knowledge absorption (ACAP) from the dimensions of PACAP and RACAP in a large company in the furniture sector.Methodology / approach: This research used a qualitative, descriptive approach through a single case study. Data were collected in documents and through semi-structured interviews. The analysis was developed using the content analysis technique with the support of Atlas / TI software.Originality / Relevance: In the extant literature on absorptive capacity, few studies understand the influence of the external environment subject to environmental uncertainty for constructing organizational routines of PACAP and RACAP.Main results: The company Rudnick developed routines to monitor and acquire information from the external environment, combining previous knowledge and experiences to assimilate it internally and competence to transform learning by disseminating with existing knowledge from employees, social integration mechanisms, organizational memory, and inter and intra-organizational interaction.Theoretical /managerial contributions: This research contributed to the study of absorptive capacity under a multidimensional nature, from environmental uncertainties, and added a qualitative, longitudinal approach to identify the different knowledge absorption routines in PACAP and RACAP.Social contributions for management: In the empirical field, the results will contribute to managers` understanding of the importance of developing routines to absorb knowledge and survive in an environment of uncertainty. It will also help managers reflect on what and how to implement their companies' practices to increase competitiveness. As for social contributions, it strengthens scientific research and optimizes industrial sectors' technological capabilities, particularly in developing countries.
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Tress, Gunther, Barbel Tress, and Dennis A. Saunders. "How to write a paper for successful publication in an international peer-reviewed journal." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 1 (2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140017.
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In this paper, we present a step-by-step guide on how to write a paper for successful publication in a peer-reviewed journal. We propose a ten-step approach to the entire process of paper writing from preparation, manuscript writing, and submission to the stages of peer-review and revision. The steps include defining paper objectives, authorship, journal selection, writing routines, requirements of manuscript sections, editing and proof-reading as well as how to communicate successfully in submission and review.
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Clarke, David J. "Prader-Willi Syndrome and Psychoses." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 5 (November 1993): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.5.680.
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Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with an insatiable appetite and (often) other maladaptive behaviours (self-injury, sleep disorders, insistence on routines, and temper tantrums). Psychoses are not a recognised feature. Most affected people have a chromosome 15 abnormality (deletion, disomy, structural rearrangement, etc.). Three people with PWS who developed psychotic disorders in early adult life are described. The nature of the psychoses and the significance of the association are discussed.
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Kuhle, Barry X. "It's Funny Because It's True (Because It Evokes Our Evolved Psychology)." Review of General Psychology 16, no. 2 (June 2012): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027912.
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Evolutionary psychology (EP) and comedian Chris Rock have both grown increasingly prominent over the past quarter-century. EP has blossomed because of its unique ability to explore humans' universal nature. Rock's stand-up routines have vaulted him into the pantheon of comedic talents because, intentionally or not, his comedy is based on a sophisticated appreciation and invocation of humans' evolved psychology. Conventional wisdom and recent EP research suggest that “something is funny because it's true.” This perspective on humor rings especially true in Rock's routines. Much of Rock's riffs on sex and marriage ring true and hence funny with his audiences because he deftly evokes their awareness of evolved sex differences in human mating strategies. Popular culture such as Rock's comedy can provide a window into human nature. I illustrate the intersection of EP and popular culture by unpacking the evolutionary theory and empirical evidence underlying 22 verbatim bits on human mating from Rock's five HBO comedy specials. Incorporating Rock's outrageously funny, theoretically sound, and empirically supported perspectives on sex and marriage into discussions of the primary literature is a sure-fire way to grab young people's attention and make memorable the myriad ways that sex differences stem from asymmetrical obligatory parental investment.
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Nóbrega, Rafaela Gerbasi, Jordana de Almeida Nogueira, Antonio Ruffino Netto, Lenilde Duarte de Sá, Ana Tereza Medeiros Cavalcanti da Silva, and Tereza Cristina Scatena Villa. "The Active Search for Respiratory Symptomatics for the Control of Tuberculosis in the Potiguara Indigenous Scenario, Paraiba, Brazil." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 18, no. 6 (December 2010): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692010000600018.
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This study sought to analyze the actions of an active search for respiratory symptomatics (RSs) in the control of tuberculosis (TB) in the Potiguara Special Indigenous Sanitary District, Paraiba, Brazil, between May and June 2007. After approval by the Research Ethics Committee, 23 professionals were grouped, including physicians, nurses, nurse technicians and indigenous health agents. The focus group technique was used as an instrument for data collection, based on the discourse analysis technique. Weaknesses of an operational nature that became apparent, related to the organization of local health service for the implementation of routines for diagnosing TB: absence of a systematic routine for searching for RSs, difficulties in organizing the material for bacteriological examination, inadequate approach to patient during sputum collection and inadequate professional training. It is deemed necessary to improve the organization of services for early detection of TB cases in the local indigenous scenario.
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Musil, Carol M., and Theresa Standing. "Grandmothers' Diaries: A Glimpse at Daily Lives." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 60, no. 4 (June 2005): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lf1u-ja0x-w7f9-341k.
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Little information exists about the daily lives of women who are grandmothers, and the differences in daily stresses based on caregiving status to grandchildren. This content analysis examines the stresses of 64 grandmothers as grouped by caregiver status (grandmothers raising grandchildren, grandmothers living in multigeneration homes, non-caregivers to grandchildren) as recorded in three-week diaries. The nature of salient issues and stressful interactions differed by caregiver groups. Grandmothers raising grandchildren reported more stresses related to grandchildren's routines, activities, and school progress, more time pressure, and difficult interactions with grandchildren. The diary entries of grandmothers in multigenerational homes reflected their supplemental role in childcare, and sometimes stressful interactions with other family members. Grandmothers with no routine caregiving to grandchildren reported more involvement with those outside the immediate family. Many general concerns about the well-being of the family represent commonalities in grandmothers despite differences in current caregiving roles to grandchildren.
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Bruner, Jerome S. "Routes to reference." Pragmatics and Cognition 6, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1998): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.6.1-2.11bru.
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However one conceives of the relation between a sign and its significate, referring is a communicative act in which a speaker must intentionally direct the attention of an interlocutor to some object, event, or state of affairs that the speaker has in mind. This article examines the ontogenesis and phylogenesis of acts of referring, with special concern for the possible nature of sign-significate relationships. Findings from developments psychology indicate that a group of abilities and skills underlie the ability to refer. Infants follow the gaze of others to objects of attention, and enjoy joint attention with others. Interactions with caregivers in routines well known to the child enable her to achieve joint attention with the adult on a particular ingredient in the routine. In this way, the ability to refer develops from certain "language games ", interactions that combine goal-seeking and joint attention.
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Hausner, Mark B., and Scott Kobs. "Identifying and Correcting Step Losses in Single-Ended Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing Data." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7073619.
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Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) makes it possible to observe temperatures on spatial scales as fine as centimeters and at frequencies up to 1 Hz. Over the past decade, fiber-optic DTS instruments have increasingly been employed to monitor environmental temperatures, from oceans to atmospheric monitoring. Because of the nature of environmental deployments, optical fibers deployed for research purposes often encounter step losses in the Raman spectra signal. Whether these phenomena occur due to cable damage or impingements, sharp bends in the deployed cable, or connections and splices, the step losses are usually not adequately addressed by the calibration routines provided by instrument manufacturers and can be overlooked in postprocessing calibration routines as well. Here we provide a method to identify and correct for the effects of step losses in raw Raman spectra data. The utility of the correction is demonstrated with case studies, including synthetic and laboratory data sets.
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McDonald, D. L., and L. Fisk. "An Overview of Captive Husbandry of The Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, At Healesville sanctuary." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98317.
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The captive management of platypuses is a specialised field due to the stressful nature of the species and its cryptic habits. Husbandry practices vary from one institution to another with some properties adopting a 'hands-off' approach and others, such as Healesville Sanctuary, conditioning their animals to being regularly handled. This paper discusses the husbandry practices at Healesville Sanctuary in the management of captive platypuses and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of various routines.
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Gopher, Daniel, Miriam Olin, Yehuda Badihi, Gilat Cohen, Yoel Donchin, Michal Bieski, and Shamay Cotev. "The Nature and Causes of Human Errors in a Medical Intensive Care Unit." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 15 (October 1989): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301512.
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The articel presents the main outcomes and conclusions of a two year research effort directed to study the causes of human errors in a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In the course of the study, doctors and nurses recorded errors in treatment routines that were committed during their daily work. Over a period of 4 months we collected 554 errors, which were independently judged for their criticality. In addition, 46, twenty-four hour, observations were conducted, of all activities at a patient bed. A total of 8178 activities were recorded over the 46 observations. We also performed: a detailed human factors analysis of the patient bed as a work station. It was found that the dominant cause of errors are problems related to complete and clear documantation and transfer of information between staff members. Additional causes were lack of standatization in equipment composition and layout, as well as absence of adequate marking and labeling. These problems seems” to be equally relevant to other ICU's visited by the team. Remedial steps are presently being implemented.
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Lange, Ryan, Nicholas David Bowman, Jaime Banks, and Amanda Lange. "Grand Theft Auto(mation)." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 11, no. 3 (July 2015): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthi.2015070103.
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A growing area of video game research considers factors external to games that might predict both observed in-game and physical world decisions. One factor may be an individual's habitual behaviors, such as their physical activity routines. Because the authors tend to automate behaviors that they repeat in stable circumstances or contexts, virtual re-creations of those stimuli should prompt the same behavior in the game environment. Moreover, as virtual worlds become more similar to the physical world, behaviors the authors learn in physical reality might influence virtual behaviors. The authors ask two research questions: (RQ1) Is there an association between real-world habits and in-game decisions? (RQ2) Does the nature of the in-game task influence any relationship between real-world habits and in-game decisions? A quasi-experiment of 110 students at a large, mid-Atlantic university demonstrated that physical activity routines bias in-game transportation decisions, particularly when prompted to pursue a specific goal over a free exploration task.
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Sirko, Anatolii. "The problem of quality of economic growth in Ukraine: theoretical approaches and policy routines." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(91) (January 1, 2019): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.01.007.
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The article considers the main theoretical approaches to assessing the quality of economic growth. More specifically, the paper covers the evolution of the concepts of economic development and quality of economic growth and their meanings. The concept of qualitative growth of economy, which has gained world recognition, is defined and characterized in detail. The nature of economic growth in Ukraine is explained and extensive factors that dominate in the economy are revealed. The research paper highlights the main government’s failures in policy-making for economic development. They are born out of using cheap labour and exporting raw materials. The analysis made it possible for the author to view the government’s initiatives in the economy as policy routines that contradict the theory of qualitative economic growth. The social risks of freezing the current situation are specified and characterized. The results indicate that one of the major obstacles to the qualitative economic growth of Ukraine is the quasi-market, oligarchic-clan economic system which is capable to self- reproduce. Therefore, the proposals on the transition to a model of qualitative growth of the economy are formulated.
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Cromdal, Jakob, Håkan Landqvist, Daniel Persson-Thunqvist, and Karin Osvaldsson. "Finding out what’s happened: Two procedures for opening emergency calls." Discourse Studies 14, no. 4 (August 2012): 371–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445612439960.
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This article examines two corpora of telephone calls to the Swedish emergency services SOS-Alarm. The focus of analysis is on the procedural consequentiality of the routine opening by the operator. In the first corpus, the summons are answered by identification of the service via the emergency number. In the second corpus, the protocol has been altered, such that the opening entails the emergency number combined with a standard query concerning the nature of the incident. Through sequential and categorial analysis of the two collections, we highlight the distinct trajectories of action ensuing from the two opening protocols. The stand-alone emergency number opening typically results in callers asking for a specific service. In contrast, opening turns that end with a direct query about the incident tend to solicit brief descriptions of the trouble. We discuss the benefits of the latter procedure in terms of topical progression and institutional relevance, proposing that the work of emergency assistance agencies worldwide might consider implementing opening routines with a similar design.
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McGibbon, A. J., and S. J. Pennycook. "Direct retrieval of crystal structures by maximum-entropy analysis of incoherent Z-contrast images." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172310.
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Z-contrast imaging of crystalline specimens in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can provide directly interpretable images of crystal structures at atomic resolution with strong compositional sensitivity. The key feature of the technique is that, by recording images using high-anglethermally diffuse scattered electrons, the resultant image is incoherent, and can be interpreted as aconvolution between the incident electron probe and the projected crystal structure of the specimen. Consequently, the technique is ideally suited to the application of deconvolution routines which enable the retrieval of the original crystal lattice by means of an incident electron probe approximation, and with no prior assumption of the nature of the crystal itself. Here, we show that by applying the image processing technique of maximum entropy, such a retrieval can be achieved with high accuracy,enhancing spatial resolution whilst preserving Z-sensitivity.Maximum entropy is an image processing routine based on Bayesian probability which produces a ‘most likely’ reconstruction of the original image given a particular point spread function, or in this case, electron probe current density distribution.
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Izenstark, Dina, and Aaron T. Ebata. "Theorizing Family-Based Nature Activities and Family Functioning: The Integration of Attention Restoration Theory With a Family Routines and Rituals Perspective." Journal of Family Theory & Review 8, no. 2 (June 2016): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12138.
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HARPER, DAVID A. "Numbers as a cognitive and social technology: on the nature of conventional number sequences used in economic systems." Journal of Institutional Economics 6, no. 2 (May 6, 2010): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409990373.
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Abstract:This paper examines the fundamental nature of numbers as they are used in economic systems. In the framework proposed, number sequences are technological objects (‘tools’) that are constituted by both form and function. To do their job, number sequences have to have the necessary internal structure – all elements (e.g. symbols) of the sequence must be distinct from one another, and the sequence must be a progression. In addition, numerical toolkits have to have the right external structure – they must be situated in a social network of economic agents that confers on them quantitative functions (e.g. identifying set sizes). Number sequences are the product of multilevel evolutionary processes, including psychological selection that screens sequences for their learnability by human users. Number tools are a kind of capital; they are material systems that are as real as other everyday objects. Just as changing physical tools alters the structure of productive activity, so too changing number sequences alters cognitive, behavioral, and social routines.
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KANSIKAS, JUHA, and TUOMAS KUHMONEN. "FAMILY BUSINESS SUCCESSION: EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS APPROACH." Journal of Enterprising Culture 16, no. 03 (September 2008): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495808000156.
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This study analyses family business continuity from founder generation to the 2nd generation in terms of succession in the context of evolutionary economics. Two literature bases; family business succession and evolutionary thinking in organisational and economic change, are reviewed and combined to provide insights to understand the nature of family business succession. Operation of the key evolutionary forces — variation, selection, retention and struggle — in family business succession are illustrated. Regarding variation, there is a concern for understanding the importance of having enough diversity within the family firm, since this diversity of routines and competences comprises the pool of variation from which to select when the environment changes. With regards to selection, there is a concern for understanding the risk of selection bias easily rooted in the family firm culture: are some variations favoured in the selection of operating, investment and search routines because of family relations, emotions and values, including decisions on who will succeed and who will own the firm in the future. Elaboration and investigation of these concepts may help to identify special characteristics of the "family firm species" that are either beneficial or risky for the survival in the evolutionary struggle.
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Mithani, Murad A., and Ipek Kocoglu. "Human and organizational responses to extreme threats: a comparative developmental approach." Management Decision 58, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 2077–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2020-1086.
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PurposeThe proposed theoretical model offers a systematic approach to synthesize the fragmented research on organizational crisis, disasters and extreme events.Design/methodology/approachThis paper offers a theoretical model of organizational responses to extreme threats.FindingsThe paper explains that organizations choose between hypervigilance (freeze), exit (flight), growth (fight) and dormancy (fright) when faced with extreme threats. The authors explain how the choice between these responses are informed by the interplay between slack and routines.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s theoretical model contributes by explaining the nature of organizational responses to extreme threats and how the two underlying mechanisms, slack and routines, determine heterogeneity between organizations.Practical implicationsThe authors advance four key managerial considerations: the need to distinguish between discrete and chronic threats, the critical role of hypervigilance in the face of extreme threats, the distinction between resources and routines during threat mitigation, and the recognition that organizational exit may sometimes be the most effective means for survival.Originality/valueThe novelty of this paper pertains to the authors’ use of the comparative developmental approach to incorporate insights from the study of individual responses to life-threatening events to explain organizational responses to extreme threats.
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McGregor, Philippa, and Stacy Winter. "A Reflective Case Study of Sport Psychology Support at the Lacrosse World Cup." Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology 1, no. 1 (January 2017): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssep.2016-0013.
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The purpose of this paper is to share and reflect on personal experiences of providing sport psychology support to an international lacrosse squad during their World Cup participation. Based on the needs analysis assessments from observation reports and informal communications, key areas of support included: (1) creating structure and routine, (2) facilitating team reflections, (3) goal setting, (4) game preparation, and (5) providing off-field support. Working with this team exposed the dynamic nature of sport psychology consultancy, and the unpredictability of what is required from a team in a high-performance setting. Individual consultancy through informal communications with players signaled the importance of supporting the person beyond their role as an athlete. Team-level support via group workshop sessions was predominantly performance-related, and required the adoption of solution-focused approaches given the time pressure on strategies to be effective. The support facilitated team organization and preparation, which enabled players to be both mentally and physically ready for each game. Establishing stable routines, game plans, and clear goals, and having adequate reflection and feedback time were reported by the players as important facets of their World Cup experience and success.