Academic literature on the topic 'Nautical border'

The current deployment of 5G NR in the frequency band 4800–4990 MHz in multiple countries near the coastlines indicated that there might be a potential risk of harmful interference impacting aeronautical and maritime systems located in international airspace and international waters. This raised numerous concerns about whether 5G NR system rollouts in that band need to be restricted by the power flux density limits created at the border of the territorial waters, which equals 12 nautical miles from the coastline. This work contains a case study based on the example of the Pacific region, where a simulation of aggregate interference from 5G NR base stations and user equipment deployed in the cities near the coastline using Monte Carlo analysis was conducted. The results of the study show that no harmful interference to the aeronautical and maritime services operating in international airspace and waters is expected even when the aircraft or vessels are located at the border of the territorial airspace and waters from the coastline. Therefore, no restriction to the 5G NR deployment in the coastline regions in the frequency band 4800–4990 MHz is required.

The Dubai coastal zone is defined as a land mass stretching from the Abu Dhabi border in the south to Al Mamzar lagoon in the north, from approximately +4 m DMD (Dubai Municipality Datum) onshore to 10 nautical miles offshore. In its natural state this approximately 70km long coastline consists primarily of long sandy beaches backed by low level dunes and ridges. However, recent infra-structural developments related to trade, tourism and real estate have resulted in significant development within the Dubai coastal zone. These developments have interfered with the natural coastal processes of waves, tidal currents and sediment transport. To understand the dynamics of coastal processes Coastal Zone & Waterways Management Section (CWMS) of Dubai Municipality (DM) developed an advanced coastal real-time monitoring system for coastal management and future planning. This paper provides an overview of the coastal monitoring programme and how these data are used in managing the coastal zone and decision making.

European maritime states are facing increasing challenges that threaten national security, maritime traffic safety, and environmental protection: increasing maritime traffic, increase in nautical tourism, oil spills, migrant boats, drug smuggling, etc. The Coast Guard is one of the most important government agencies to respond to these challenges. However, the speed of response to incidents depends on the geographical and geostrategic deployment of Coast Guard resources, especially of its homeports. The main objective is to have the Coast Guard’s homeports as close as possible to the national border at sea so that the response time to an incident is as fast as possible. However, there are many other criteria that affect the selection of the maritime location of the Coast Guard homeport. These other criteria (security issues, logistic issues, hydrographic and oceanographic features, and similar) are often in conflict with geographical locations on small remote islands that are close to the state border at sea. Therefore, this research analyzed and proposed the criteria set used to assess the maritime locations that could be potential Coast Guard homeports. A large sample of experts has been interviewed to evaluate the proposed criteria set and to propose criteria weights, thus creating the multi-criteria analysis model for the improvement of the spatial distribution of Coast Guard resources. The proposed model is based on the PROMETHEE method and provides evaluation and ranking of the maritime locations in order to help the Government prioritize the development of the maritime locations into the homeports for the deployment of Coast Guard resources. The case study of the eastern Adriatic Sea with real-world maritime locations and data was used to test the proposed model. The results have shown that, with proper strategic planning of the deployment of Coast Guard resources, the sustainability, safety, and security of the sea and the coast can be increased.

Many tidal influenced estuaries and coastal basins feature tidal amplification because of, e.g., convergence and reflection. Increasing amplification rates were observed in the Elbe estuary, with consequences for construction measures, nautical manoeuvring, flood protection, riverbed morphology and ecosystems. Although many studies were conducted investigating the tidal wave transformation in estuaries, studies based on spatially well-distributed empirical data covering periods over more than a year are rare. To fill this gap, a self-developed adapted harmonic analysis method of least squares was applied to hydrographs from 25 gauges, distributed over the tidal influenced estuary from the river mouth to the tidal border which is given by the weir 160 km upstream of the river mouth. The investigation period for the harmonic analyses covers a whole nodal cycle of 18.613 a beginning in the year 2000. The tidal constituents’ oscillatory behaviour including the appearance of compound tides, generated by nonlinear shallow water processes, and the formation of reflection induced partially standing waves are determined. The tidal constituents show shared frequency-group specific partial clapotis, but also have significant differences in amplification within those groups. The latter fact contributes to the detected inverse proportionality of tidal range amplification inside the estuary to incoming tidal wave height. As reflection can cause resonance in tidal influenced rivers, tests are developed to analyse whether criteria for resonance are met. To determine the system’s specific resonance frequency, a new method was introduced with the three-parameter Lorentzian curve-fitting. As the detected resonance frequency is not close to tidal frequencies, full-established resonance of the tidal wave and of the tidal constituents is not observed in the Elbe estuary. Migrating nodes of the partially standing tidal wave hint at increasing latent resonance.