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1
Kupriyanov, A. "“Soft Power” of the Indian Navy in the Pandemic Era." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2020): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2020-4-40-51.
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The article describes and analyzes the activities of the Indian Navy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author looks at the experience of the Indian Navy at the beginning of the pandemic, noting that it mainly consisted of helping the states of the Indian Ocean region affected by hurricanes and monsoons, and evacuating Indian citizens and residents of neighboring countries from areas of hostilities. At the same time, the Indian Navy did not have specialized floating hospitals. The author analyzes the situation in which India found itself at the beginning of the pandemic: a gradual slowdown in GDP growth questioned the further expansion of the Navy, and the outbreak of conflict with China further emphasized the importance of the Air Force and the Army. In these conditions, the Indian Navy was forced to prove its value for the Indian external and domestic policy. The author then describes how the Indian Navy fought COVID-19, concluding that Indian sailors were able to prevent the pandemic from spreading to naval bases and ships. The Navy fully retained its combat capability and was able to take part in two large-scale operations: the “Samudra Setu”and “Sagar” missions. During the former, several thousand people were evacuated from Iran, Sri Lanka and the Maldives, the latter involved providing medical assistance to the population of the Maldives, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mauritius affected by the pandemic. The author notes the high level of organization of both missions, which made it possible to avoid pandemic spreading among the ship crews. He argues that the conduct of Operation “Sagar” allowed India to increase its influence in the Indian Ocean region amid the pandemic and demonstrate its role as a security provider countering unconventional threats. The author then describes the joint exercises carried out by the Indian Navy during the pandemic and notes their significant political role. In conclusion, he analyzes the experience of the Indian Navy using soft power and proposes an original concept of “floating soft power” based on the constant presence of hospital ships in remote regions. In his opinion, this format of presence could also be suitable for projecting Russian interests in the South Pacific.
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Dmitriev, Vladimir A. "‘They are in the habit of sailing in big crafts’: what kinds of warships did the Sasanids use?" International Journal of Maritime History 31, no. 2 (May 2019): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871419842050.
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The warships used by the Sasanids were troop ships used exclusively to carry soldiers to the theatre of operations, although it is possible they deployed merchant ships to carry cavalry. In the basin of the Indian Ocean, the Persians used the vessels of the local Asian type (so-called dhow), whereas in the Mediterranean they utilized ships of Byzantine design (sailing-rowing dromons and chelandions). The total size of the Sasanian fleet is unknown, but it can be assumed that naval squadrons numbered from a few to several dozen ships. The Byzantines enjoyed naval supremacy, which was one of the most important reasons for the Sasanid defeat in the Persian-Byzantine war of 602–628 and, therefore, for the future conquest of Iran and all the Near East by the Arabs.
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Madsen, Chris. "War stimulus: The Japanese threat and rebirth of the North America Pacific Coast shipbuilding industry, 1937-1946." International Journal of Maritime History 33, no. 2 (May 2021): 382–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714211013555.
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Henry Eccles, in classic studies on logistics, describes the dynamics of strategic procurement in the supply chain stretching from home countries to military theatres of operations. Naval authorities and industrialists concerned with Japanese aggression before and after Pearl Harbor looked towards developing shipbuilding capacity on North America’s Pacific Coast. The region turned into a volume producer of merchant vessels, warships and auxiliaries destined for service in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Shipbuilding involved four broad categories of companies in the United States and Canada that enabled the tremendous production effort.
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Singh, Currun, and Arjun Singh Bedi. "War on Piracy: The conflation of Somali piracy with terrorism in discourse, tactic, and law." Security Dialogue 47, no. 5 (September 30, 2016): 440–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010616665275.
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This article argues that since 2005, the global security discourse has confused maritime piracy off the Horn of Africa with terrorism. US and European policymakers and financiers have tapped a vulnerable public imaginary to exaggerate Somali pirates as ‘maritime terrorists’ linked to Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda, driving the militarization and legal obfuscation of counter-piracy operations. And while Somali piracy has all but disappeared since 2013, international naval coalitions remain deployed in the Indian Ocean, which is still declared a war risk area. The discursive conflation of piracy and terrorism has thereby launched a tactical War on Piracy that mirrors the War on Terror. While pirates were active, this approach pushed them to become more daring and dangerous in response. Drawing on interviews with piracy stakeholders in Kenya, the article concludes that the tactical extension from counter-terrorism to counter-piracy is unresponsive to the origins, motives, and realities of Somali pirates. The article proposes a shift from military to developmental responses to countering and preventing piracy, with an emphasis on respecting local institutions of law enforcement and governance in Somalia.
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Sarkar, R., and SS Mohapatra. "Accident of a civil passenger aircraft at a military airfield: The Casevac experience." Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 63 (October 3, 2020): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijasm_7_2019.
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Introduction: There are many civil airports in India wherein the airfield and flying operations are controlled by the military whereas, the Airports Authority of India (AAI) controls the civil terminal. Accident of a civil aircraft on such a base poses unique challenges. This paper discusses the medical contingency plan of a Naval Air Station to deal with civil aircraft crashes based on a civil aircraft incident. Case Details: In the early morning of late Dec in 2016, a Mumbai bound civil flight (Boeing 737) took off from an Indian Navy controlled airfield. While initiating the take-off roll from RW, it veered off the runway towards right and came to halt along the perimeter road 230 m north of the runway edge, on hard rocky ground. There were 154 passengers and 7 crew members who were evacuated from the aircraft, through emergency chutes. Few passengers escaped through the over wing hatches. Twenty passengers sustained injuries, mostly involving the lower limbs. This was primarily due to jumping on hard rocky ground and falling and tripping on rocks while moving away from the aircraft. An analysis was done to understand the limitations on the existing medical contingency plan. Discussion: The ICAO Airport Services Manual Part 7 on Airport Emergency Planning (Doc 9137-AN/898 Part 7) is the guiding reference for all airports on Airport Disaster and Planning. The Medical Services portion delineates clearly the role of the Medical Aid Providers. In the instant case, the medical department had successfully handled the casualty evacuation and their medical management. SOP and the existing medical contingencies were effectively used. A post-accident analysis in the instant case revealed that 17 out of 25 checklist points were satisfied. The lessons learned from the incident have been discussed in the paper.
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Tatarkov, Dmitriy B. "Comparative Analysis of the Use of the Naval Forces of India and Pakistan During the 1971 War." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 1(2021) (March 25, 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-1-28-35.
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The destructive processes that are observed in the modern world, the crisis of the world order determine a new round of power confrontation both in the line of global and regional actors of world politics. There is an increase in armed confrontation, the desire to solve old, including territorial, problems by force. The study of the historical experience of the armed confrontation between India and Pakistan actualizes the problem of this paper. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize the experience of the use of naval forces during military operations at sea in the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, to identify the main factors that influenced the planning of naval operations, the course and results of combat operations at sea. The author used a narrative approach and a historical-comparative method to identify the evolution of ideas about the use of naval forces in the Indo-Pakistani conflict of 1971. The article highlights and examines the main factors and their impact on the training and use of naval forces during military operations at sea in the Indo-Pakistani conflict of 1971. Special attention is paid to the assessment of the impact of the political nature of the war, its goals and scale, the views of the military-political and military leadership of India and Pakistan on the training and use of naval forces; the tasks that were solved by the fleets of the parties; the role and place of individual types of forces in solving certain tasks in the theater of operations. To determine factors that directly affect the use of the naval forces of India and Pakistan in the 1971 conflict, the author analyzes the conditions in the Maritime theaters of war, the factors that have characterized the theater, and the impact of conditions in the theater on the planning and implementation of operations. The main sources are archival and analytical materials of the Ministry of Defense of India and the Ministry of Defense of Pakistan, memoirs of war participants.
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Arakal, Jeevan J., and Dinesh Sharma. "Nava Jyoti: Farmer’s Pursuit of Profitable Sales." Asian Case Research Journal 21, no. 02 (December 2017): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927517500158.
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Small and marginal farmers in India face several difficulties in selling produce due to their scale of production and related transaction costs. Aggregation of produce under the aegis of a producer organization is seen as a possible solution for improving market access. This case is about Nava Jyoti, a producer organization based in Odisha, India. Nava Jyoti received support from several institutions in the form of grants, soft loans and managerial handholding at the time of its inception. However, after a few years Nava Jyoti had incurred losses due to several internal and external factors affecting its sales operations. Building profitable sales operations was the key for farmers to stand on their own feet since grants and other institutional support would not flow indefinitely. The time had come to review the sales operations and take corrective steps, finding an optimal route to market strategy was the envisaged outcome of the review process. Solutions had to be relevant to the context and capabilities of Nava Jyoti’s members — small and marginal farmers in one of the poorest regions of the country.
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Jadhav, Dnyaneshwar Kantaram. "MANAGEMENT OF NASAL POLYPS WITH AN AYURVEDIC MINI SURGERY I.E JALOUKAVACHRANA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i3.2019.964.
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Ayurved is science of life. From ancient Indian surgery, it has been observed that various operations successfully performed in those days also. In ancient period Acharya were doing surgery in Ayurveda. Sushrut is father of modern surgery.
It is common man’s thinking that there is no surgical treatment for disease in the science of Ayuvred. After the turn over the pages of sushrut Samhita, one will understand that sushrut has laid done the basic concept of the present surgery.
Nasal polyps are growth of soft tissues on the lining of the nasal passage or sinus. In Ayurvedic samhita, nasal polyps are referred to as Nasarsha. Jaloukavacharana is best mini surgery in this nasal polyp.
14 years old children suffering from Nasal block (Nasa-avarodha), breathing difficulty (Ayasen swasa), running nose (Nasa strav), snoring since last 3 years. One-time application of jaloukavacharana give him excellent results.
The present article is Management of Nasal polyps with an Ayurvedic mini surgery i.e jaloukavachrana.
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Sharma, Rohit, Vinit Kumar Sharma, JP Purohit, and Sampan Vishth. "Atrophic Rhinitis and Its Surgical Management." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 4, no. 3 (2011): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1090.
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ABSTRACT Objective Clinical evaluation of atrophic rhinitis and comparative study of its surgical treatments. Materials and methods This study was carried out in the Department of ORL-HNS, MLB Medical College and Hospital, Jhansi and Department of ORL-HNS, SRMS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India from June 2006 to May 2011 including the cases of atrophic rhinitis. A total of 40 patients of atrophic rhinitis were included in this study. Thirty-two patients had modified Young's nostril closure and eight patients had dermofat graft obliteration of nasal cavity. Preoperative and postoperative assessment of nasal mucociliary flow rate were also assessed by saccharine test. Fifteen cases were kept in control group to compare the nasal mucociliary flow rate results. Results The results of both surgical modalities were compared at various intervals for 20 months. Conclusion The patients with history of nasal myiasis and septal perforation do better with partial nostril closure while patients, not having history of maggots and septal perforations, had best results with dermofat graft operation. It was seen that after surgical treatment of atrophic rhinitis, either by nostril closure or dermofat grafting, there was improvement in nasal mucociliary flow or, nearly, all patients were symptomatically improved.
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Sharma, Rohit, Vinit Kumar Sharma, JP Purohit, and Sampan Vishth. "Atrophic Rhinitis and Its Surgical Management." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 4, no. 3 (2011): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1091.
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ABSTRACT Objective Clinical evaluation of atrophic rhinitis and comparative study of its surgical treatments. Materials and methods This study was carried out in the Department of ORL-HNS, MLB Medical College and Hospital, Jhansi and Department of ORL-HNS, SRMS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India from June 2006 to May 2011 including the cases of atrophic rhinitis. A total of 40 patients of atrophic rhinitis were included in this study. Thirty-two patients had modified Young's nostril closure and eight patients had dermofat graft obliteration of nasal cavity. Preoperative and postoperative assessment of nasal mucociliary flow rate were also assessed by saccharine test. Fifteen cases were kept in control group to compare the nasal mucociliary flow rate results. Results The results of both surgical modalities were compared at various intervals for 20 months. Conclusion The patients with history of nasal myiasis and septal perforation do better with partial nostril closure while patients, not having history of maggots and septal perforations, had best results with dermofat graft operation. It was seen that after surgical treatment of atrophic rhinitis, either by nostril closure or dermofat grafting, there was improvement in nasal mucociliary flow or, nearly, all patients were symptomatically improved.
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Šoškić, Svetislav D., Slobodan M. Radojević, and Nenad M. Komazec. "Maritime Training Serbian Autonomous Vessel Protection Detachment." Annual of Navigation 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2015-0012.
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AbstractThe crisis in Somalia has caused appearance of piracy at sea in the Gulf of Aden and the Western Indian Ocean. Somali pirates have become a threat to economic security of the world because almost 30 percent of world oil and 20 percent of global trade passes through the Gulf of Aden. Solving the problem of piracy in this part of the world have included international organizations, institutions, military alliances and the states, acting in accordance with international law and UN Security Council resolutions. The European Union will demonstrate the application of a comprehensive approach to solving the problem of piracy at sea and the crisis in Somalia conducting naval operation — EU NAVFOR Atalanta and operation EUTM under the Common Security and Defense Policy. The paper discusses approaches to solving the problem of piracy in the Gulf of Aden and the crisis in Somalia. Also, the paper points to the complexity of the crisis in Somalia and dilemmas correctness principles that are applied to solve the problem piracy at sea. One of goals is protections of vessels of the World Food Programme (WFP) delivering food aid to displaced persons in Somalia. Republic of Serbia joined in this mission and trained and sent one a autonomous team in this military operation for protection WFP. This paper consist the problem of modern piracy, particularly in the area of the Horn of Africa became a real threat for the safety of maritime ships and educational process of Serbian Autonomous vessel protection detachment. Serbian Military Academy adopted and developed educational a training program against piracy applying all the provisions and recommendations of the IMO conventions and IMO model courses for Serbian Autonomous vessel protection detachment.
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Parthasarathy, Mugundu Ramien, Prakash Narayanan, Anjana Das, Anup Gurung, Parimi Prabhakar, and Teodora Wi. "Integrating syphilis screening in a large-scale HIV prevention program for key populations: the Avahan experience from India." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 06 (June 15, 2013): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2810.
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Introduction: Documented experiences from India on the implementation of syphilis screening in large-scale HIV prevention programs for “key populations at higher risk’ (KPs) are limited. Avahan is a large-scale HIV prevention program providing services to more than 300,000 KPs in six high HIV prevalence states of India since 2004. Avahan clinics provide a sexually transmitted infection service package which includes bi-annual syphilis screening. The trends in the coverage of syphilis screening among Avahan clinic attendees were studied retrospectively. Methodology: Screening was performed using either the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test or point-of-care immunochromatographic strip test (ICST). Clinic records from 2005 to 2009 were collated in an individual tracking database and analyzed with STATA-10. Results: Initially the coverage of syphilis screening (2.6% in 2005) was constrained by the availability and operational complexity of the RPR test. After its introduction in 2007, the use of ICST for screening increased from 7.4% to 77.0% and the proportion of clinic attendees screened increased from 9.0% to 21.6% during 2007-2009. The RPR reactivity rates declined from 6.6% (2006) to 4.4% (2009). Conclusion: The data showed improved rates of screening of clinic attendees and declining trends in sero-reactivity over time. The introduction of point-of-care syphilis tests may have contributed to the improved coverage of syphilis screening. The ICST may be considered for initial syphilis screening at other resource-constrained primary care sites in India such as ante-natal clinics and other KP interventions.
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Jackson, Ashley. "Military Migrants: British Service Personnel in Ceylon during the Second World War." Britain and the World 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2013.0075.
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Across the territories that comprised the British Empire, the Second World War caused many migrations, some great and some small, but all traumatic and formative for the people involved. Civilians, both local and expatriate, fled in great numbers from the threat of German or Japanese invasion; in some colonies civilians were evacuated from cities threatened by bombing or deemed militarily important; hundreds of thousands of servicemen and women moved around the world and spend significant periods of time in foreign lands – African troops resided in Asia, Indians in the East Indies and Middle East, and British servicemen and women found themselves billeted all over the Empire. Also, forming a fascinating subcategory, were the many thousands of American service personnel who served in British colonial territories. After reviewing the phenomenon of migration within the British Empire during the war, this article focuses on a case study – the experience of British (and some Australian) service personnel based in Ceylon for a range of military purposes, including office work, jungle training, and naval operations. It examines the methods used to acclimatize young service personnel, often going abroad for the first time in their lives, to the strangeness of a foreign, ‘exotic’ land. It describes the impressions the people and environment left on these wartime immigrants, before considering the recreational provisions made for them, and the sexual opportunities that sometimes arose. The article concludes that the experience of these European migrants deserves study as much as the experience of non-European servicemen and women, which has received significant attention in the scholarly literature relating to the Empire at war.
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Venkataraman, Manickam. "Piracy off the coast of Somalia: implications for China’s maritime security." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-016-0034-1.
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Piracy off the coast of Somalia in the Gulf of Aden in the Indian Ocean region has become a significant non-traditional security challenge to many nations. The increasing number of such attacks as a result of failure of Somali government to tackle its internal problem drew the attention of international community who lent a drastic response thereby curtailing the number of such incidents significantly now. The intensity of the attacks had its implications on international shipping and maritime security of near and distant countries like China, which has of late become assertive. This article aims to analyze the inter-connection between failed states and piracy and the consequent maritime security implications for China. The article adopts qualitative approach using descriptive and analytical methods depending primarily on secondary sources such as published literatures and archival and internet sources. The article concludes that the implications of Somalia piracy to China’s maritime security was so grave that China was compelled to join the international community by taking part in the multinational naval task force to combating piracy signifying a cooperative role and at the same time utilizing the opportunity to come closer to Somalia by way of reopening its embassy and engaging in bilateral economic ties. This article is divided into seven broad sections. Besides the introduction, the second section provides the conceptual note on piracy and maritime security. The third section highlights the methodology while the fourth section discusses the background on Somalia and its failed status while the fifth section brings out a short glimpse of Somalia piracy and its method of operation. The sixth section analyzes the role of China and its maritime security implications and the last section provides the concluding remarks.
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Hangekar, Parag M., Ganesh Mhaske, and Gulabsingh Shekhawat. "Mirena: a novel alternative to hysterectomy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193510.
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Background: To study the awareness and efficacy of Mirena (Levonorgestrel intrauterine system) in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted from January 2012 to June 2018 at Smt. Kashibai Navale medical college and general hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Total 30 women between age of 35 to 45 yrs age were included in the study. Mirena was inserted post-menstrually in the operation room under sedation was done. The women were called for follow-up after 1 month, then 4 months, and then yearly (for maximum 2 years); and asked regarding the relief they have obtained from the antecedent menstrual complaints.Results: At end of study, Overall satisfaction rate among women was 76.67% and decrease menstrual blood flow observed in 20 (74.07%) cases. Most common side effect observed was irregular menses in 6 (22.22%) cases. Hysterectomy was required in 3 (11.11%) cases.Conclusions: Menorrhagia is a common gynaecologic problem often needing hysterectomy. The LNG-IUS reduces bleeding in women with menorrhagia due to benign causes. The patient acceptance and satisfaction is high. Main problem is irregular bleeding especially for the first 3 months after insertion. If the patients can be counseled before insertion, continuation rates for LNG-IUS are high. It has the potential to replace hysterectomy as treatment of choice in certain patients.
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Misra, Richa, and Shalini Srivastava. "M-education in India: an effort to improve educational outcomes with a special emphasis on Ananya Bihar." On the Horizon 24, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-08-2015-0058.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to undermine the role of cellular technology, government and the funding agency to deliver reliable and cost-effective health services for the people living in the bottom of pyramid and remote areas of the country where quality healthcare facilities are not available. The people living in rural Bihar (India) have a limited education and are reluctant to visit the female healthcare centers. The Ananya Bihar project has employed volunteers from the same community and aid from the foundation and government to improve the maternity and neo-natal healthcare initially in eight districts of the state. Design/methodology/approach The study reviewed various m-health projects and m-education projects with a detailing of the Anaya Bihar Project initiated by Melinda Gates foundation and Government of Bihar, India. The study uncovers technical, operational aspects and methodology followed by Ananya. It has detailed the best practices followed by the project. The study also features the capability of mobile as a tool to reach the masses in most cost effective way. Findings The use of mobile application with the association from the social worker has been tremendously successful in maternity and child healthcare in the state of Bihar, India. The application includes educating the user’s about the healthcare, training for midwives, alerts related to vaccination and thereby reducing the mortality rate and improving the maternal healthcare for the people from the bottom of pyramid. The project has created awareness among the rural families and has improved the maternity healthcare in the eight districts of Bihar, India. They were also planning to expand the project in other states of India. Research limitations/implications The study is exploratory in nature and has not involved primary data collection and statistical analysis. The study has compiled the data and information available. Practical implications The present study may be used as a reference to the organization working on mobile healthcare projects to understand the best practices of m-health project. The study also explains the role of various stakeholders (as Ananya-Bihar was a collaborative effort of Social trust, Technical experts, Network service provider, Community, State Government and the People) in the success of the project. Social implications The study explains the role of technology for the benefit of people. In the present case mobile healthcare initiated by the foundation has been very effective in dealing with maternity healthcare in rural Bihar, where people cannot afford expensive healthcare facility. The only silver lining is increasing tele-density at the most affordable rate in the globe, with funding from NGOs and full support from government. Such types of m-healthcare projects will support the government in delivering quality healthcare to the people who are living below poverty line and deprived of basic healthcare facilities. Originality/value The study details the methodology and technical details of Ananya Mobile health care platform.
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Barron, Charlie N., A. Birol Kara, Harley E. Hurlburt, C. Rowley, and Lucy F. Smedstad. "Sea Surface Height Predictions from the Global Navy Coastal Ocean Model during 1998–2001*." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 21, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1876–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-1680.1.
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Abstract A ⅛° global version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), operational at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), is used for prediction of sea surface height (SSH) on daily and monthly time scales during 1998–2001. Model simulations that use 3-hourly wind and thermal forcing obtained from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) are performed with/without data assimilation to examine indirect/direct effects of atmospheric forcing in predicting SSH. Model–data evaluations are performed using the extensive database of daily averaged SSH values from tide gauges in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans obtained from the Joint Archive for Sea Level (JASL) center during 1998–2001. Model–data comparisons are based on observations from 282 tide gauge locations. An inverse barometer correction was applied to SSH time series from tide gauges for model–data comparisons, and a sensitivity study is undertaken to assess the impact of the inverse barometer correction on the SSH validation. A set of statistical metrics that includes conditional bias (Bcond), root-mean-square (rms) difference, correlation coefficient (R), and nondimensional skill score (SS) is used to evaluate the model performance. It is shown that global NCOM has skill in representing SSH even in a free-running simulation, with general improvement when SSH from satellite altimetry and sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite IR are assimilated via synthetic temperature and salinity profiles derived from climatological correlations. When the model was run from 1998 to 2001 with NOGAPS forcing, daily model SSH comparisons from 612 yearlong daily tide gauge time series gave a median rms difference of 5.98 cm (5.77 cm), an R value of 0.72 (0.76), and an SS value of 0.45 (0.51) for the ⅛° free-running (assimilative) NCOM. Similarly, error statistics based on the 30-day running averages of SSH time series for 591 yearlong daily tide gauge time series over the time frame 1998–2001 give a median rms difference of 3.63 cm (3.36 cm), an R value of 0.83 (0.85), and an SS value of 0.60 (0.64) for the ⅛° free-running (assimilated) NCOM. Model– data comparisons show that skill in 30-day running average SSH time series is as much as 30% higher than skill for daily SSH. Finally, SSH predictions from the free-running and assimilative ⅛° NCOM simulations are validated against sea level data from the tide gauges in two different ways: 1) using original detided sea level time series from tide gauges and 2) using the detided data with an inverse barometer correction derived using daily mean sea level pressure extracted from NOGAPS at each location. Based on comparisons with 612 yearlong daily tide gauge time series during 1998–2001, the inverse barometer correction lowered the median rms difference by about 1 cm (15%–20%). Results presented in this paper reveal that NCOM is able to predict SSH with reasonable accuracies, as evidenced by model simulations performed during 1998–2001. In an extension of the validation over broader ocean regions, the authors find good agreement in amplitude and distribution of SSH variability between NCOM and other operational model products.
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Odhiambo, Paul. "China’s Geostrategic Interests in the Indian Ocean Region: Implications for Kenya." African Review, October 1, 2020, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1821889x-12340024.
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Abstract China’s growing influence in the Indian Ocean cannot be gainsaid as the East Asian economic powerhouse engages in a series of activities to secure maritime routes for energy supplies; to guarantee its trade routes; and to exercise increased maritime influence on the sea lines of communication (SLOCs). Since the beginning of the 21st century, Beijing has enhanced its presence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) through construction of ports, increased Chinese naval presence, participation in anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden, construction of a military base in Djibouti, One belt One road initiative and 21st century Maritime Silk Road. While China reassures of its peaceful development, critics contend that Beijing’s military-strategic intentions are aimed at dominance in the Indian Ocean. Countries of the IOR are a home to 2.5 billion people. About 80 percent of the world’s maritime oil trade flows through three chokepoints in the Indian Ocean. Moreover, Indian Ocean is emerging as a pivotal zone due to fast growing economies in the region. Due to its geostrategic significance, the Indian Ocean is expected to play a considerable role in the development of East African littoral states including Kenya. This paper analyzes the growing presence of China in IOR and how Nairobi’s engagement with Beijing could enable Kenya to realize its geostrategic interests in the Indian Ocean. The paper recommends that Kenya needs to have effective strategies to maximize the potential from its exclusive economic zone and secure its national interests as a littoral state.
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White, Colin, Hanif Ukani, and Kimit Rai. "The Operation Rainbow Canada Technique for Unilateral Cleft Lip Revision." Plastic Surgery, October 13, 2020, 229255032096311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2292550320963115.
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Background: Purpose of this article is to demonstrate the “Operation Rainbow Canada” cleft lip revision technique. This is a surgical technique used by Operation Rainbow Canada on volunteer surgical missions in developing nations. We show how to convert previous Millard or straight line cleft lip repairs to a Fisher anatomic subunit repair, placing a favourable scar along the philtrum. We show a case series of results and explain how this technique gives satisfying aesthetic results for patients seeking unilateral cleft lip revision. Methods: This technique combines the principles of the anatomic subunit repair for primary cleft lip repair as described by Fisher and the correction of the cleft nose deformity as described by McComb. We apply these 2 techniques to unilateral cleft lip revision at the same operation. Results: Patients for revision unilateral lip and nose deformities were treated with this technique over the course of several international surgical missions. There were over 90 cases of revisions performed by our group on previous repaired cleft lips. These procedures were done in India, China, and Cambodia. Conclusion: Previously repaired cleft lips can be improved by our revision procedure. We show how incorporating 2 triangular flaps to lengthen the cleft side of the repaired lip can be done in a revision setting. During lip revision, McCombs sutures can be placed to improve the aesthetic of the nose and correct the nasal alar dome.
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Chauhan, Bal Govind, and Suresh Jungari. "Factors Affecting the Utilization of Maternal and Child Health Care Services in Tribal Dominated Population States of India." International Quarterly of Community Health Education, November 17, 2020, 0272684X2097285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x20972857.
Full textAbstract:
The present study intended to examine that factors affecting the utilization of maternal health services in the Three tribal-dominated states of India namely Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. The study used National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data. Both bivariate and multivariate techniques have been applied for data analysis. Logistic regression techniques and concentration curve and index have been used . Findings of the study indicate that there were wider socio-economic differential exits in the utilization of MCH services (full ANC, Safe delivery and post-natal care) in all the three states under study. The regression result shows that the tribal population is less likely to utilize maternal and child health care services than other Caste groups. The economic inequality in accessing the all three components of maternal health care utilization was higher in the Jharkhand than Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Further, economic inequality was higher in accessing the full ANC than safe delivery and post-natal care across all the states under study. From policy point of view, the government schemes to provide maternal health services to tribal communities should consider the community-level factors affecting maternal health care utilization and should extend its operations in the small villages.