Journal articles: 'Navarra (Spain). Archivo General'

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Fernández Fernández, Javier. "Santiago Luzuriaga y sus "nobelas-komedias" en los fondos documentales y bibliográficos de Patrimonio Nacional." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 13 (December 14, 2020): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.13.2021.27315.

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This paper presents the biography of Santiago Luzuriaga y Odria (1828-1904), a teacher from Navarre (Spain), who enjoyed a long professional career and was the father of the Spanish pedagogue Lorenzo Luzuriaga. Santiago Luzuriaga was the author of singular works, which he called nobelas-komedias, written after the Spanish Government agreed to start paying teachers’ salaries beginning in 1901. The Archivo General de Palacio (General Archive of the Royal Palace of Madrid) and the Real Biblioteca (Spanish Royal Library) preserve some of these nobelas-komedias, which feature the peculiarity of being written with a phonetic spelling. The author argued for the necessary transformation of writing for the purpose of achieving a greater economy of language. Finally, the paper includes a copy of El ermano del alkalde dedicated to King Alfonso XIII of Spain, which is currently in the Real Biblioteca.

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Los Arcos Sevillano, M. ª. Pilar. "Biblioteca del Archivo de Navarra." Las bibliotecas de Navarra: acceso a la información y el conocimiento / Nafarroako liburutegiak: informazioa eta ezagutza eskuratzeko bidea, no. 275 (May 29, 2020): 1273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.275.12.

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RESUMEN La Biblioteca del Archivo de Navarra es una biblioteca especializada, dependiente del Servicio de Archivos y Patrimonio Documental, que se compone de dos sucursales, la Biblioteca del Archivo de la Administración de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra y la Biblioteca del Archivo Real y General de Navarra. La ubicación en una u otra institución de archivo es la que determina la temática de especialización de cada una de ellas, el tipo de personas usuarias a las que atienden de modo preferente y los servicios que ofrecen. LABURPENA Nafarroako Artxiboko Liburutegia liburutegi espezializatua da, Artxiboen eta Dokumentu Ondarearen Zerbitzuaren mendekoa, eta bi sukurtsalek osatzen dute: Nafarroako Foru Komunitateko Administrazioaren Artxiboko Liburutegia eta Nafarroako Errege Artxibo Nagusiko Liburutegia. Artxibatze egoitza batean edo bestean kokatzeak zehazten du horietako bakoitzaren espezializazio gaia, zein motako erabiltzaileak diren lehentasunez artatzen dituztenak eta zein diren eskaintzen dituzten zerbitzuak. ABSTRACT The Library of the Archive of Navarre is a specialist library coming under the Archives and Documentary Heritage Service. The latter comprises two branches: the Library of the Archive of the Administration of the Autonomous Community of Navarre, and the Library of the Royal and General Archive of Navarre. The location in one archive institution or the other is determined by the subject areas of specialisation of each one, the type of users that are preferentially catered for, and the services offered.

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García de Jalón Sanz, Jesús. "Eficiencia de las fichas de Procesos para el conocimiento de los mayorazgos." Príncipe de Viana LXXX, no. 274 (January 30, 2020): 951–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.274.11.

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We have reviewed the descriptive sheets of the computerized database of the Process Section of the General Archive of Navarra to try to know the number of mayorazgos located in the city of Viana, Navarra. The «Viana and mayorazgo» strategy was used for the search. 211 datasheets were found in response to the search. An analysis of the contents of the files is made, with the result of 29 mayorazgos with main house, movable property and roots property in Viana, and on the reasons that originated the corresponding process. We discuss the findings and conclude the effectiveness and efficiency of the descriptive sheets for the knowledge of the number, name and history of mayorazgos with regard to Navarra and the General Archive of Navarra. Keywords: General Archive of Navarra; Processes; mayorazgo; Viana. RESUMEN Se han revisado las fichas descriptivas de la base de datos informatizada de la Sección de Procesos del Archivo General de Navarra para intentar conocer cuántos fueron los mayorazgos ubicados en la ciudad de Viana, Navarra. Se utilizó para la búsqueda la estrategia «Viana and mayorazgo». Se encontraron 211 fichas como respuesta a la búsqueda. Se hace un análisis del contenido de las fichas, con el resultado de 29 mayorazgos con casa principal y bienes muebles y raíces en Viana, y sobre los motivos que originaron el correspondiente proceso. Se discute sobre los hallazgos y se concluye la eficacia y eficiencia de las fichas descriptivas para el conocimiento del número, nombre e historia de los mayorazgos en lo que respecta a Navarra y al Archivo General de Navarra. Palabras clave: Archivo General de Navarra; Procesos; mayorazgo; Viana.

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Zuazúa Wegener, Nicolás, Eduardo Arteta Irujo, and Carlos Zuza Astiz. "Arqueología de la fortificación del Pirineo en Navarra." Huarte de San Juan. Geografía e Historia, no. 27 (November 26, 2020): 95–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.48035/rhsj-gh.27.5.

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El artículo se centra en mostrar el avance en la investigación a nivel documental, arqueológico y de fuentes directas de las obras de fortificación del Pirineo. Además de hacer un breve estado de la cuestión, se describen y diferencian las dos principales fases de desarrollo de la misma, a través del análisis de las obras llevadas a cabo en el valle de Baztan y en el área de Auritz/Burguete y Orreaga/Roncesvalles. Un segundo punto analiza el impacto socioeconómico de su construcción y de las consecuencias de la situación fronteriza, centrado en el área de Auritz/Burguete, con especial énfasis en su reflejo en la documentación, tanto del Archivo General Militar de Ávila como del Archivo Municipal de Auritz/Burguete.

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Ostolaza Elizondo, María Isabel. "Administración del reino de Navarra en la etapa de los Austrias." Hispania 60, no. 205 (March 5, 2019): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/hispania.2000.v60.i205.554.

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El conocimiento de las instituciones de gobierno y administración de Navarra en la etapa de los Austrias a través de la historiografía autóctona o de la de autores foráneos, corre el riesgo de ser excesivamente simplista por carencias informativas importantes en la consulta de fuentes archivísticas. El objetivo de este trabajo, es el de poner en relación la documentación existente en el Archivo General de Navarra, con la de otros archivos estatales, especialmente la referente a los fondos de Consejos de Cámara y Estado conservados en Simancas y en el Archivo Histórico Nacional. A través de su cotejo quedan en entredicho ciertos tópicos sobre la singularidad de Navarra y su tratamiento especial en temas de gobernabilidad y administración en relación con otros territorios de la monarquía hispánica. Al mismo tiempo se estudian otras facetas de actuación del Consejo real de Navarra, que permiten potenciarlo al mismo nivel que otros consejos territoriales, añadiendo a su faceta de tribunal superior de administración de justicia en el Reino, el de órgano informador de los grandes Consejos de la Corona, colaborador con el virrey en sus tareas de gobierno político, y brazo ejecutor de la monarquía en materias de gobierno y justicia.

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Lara Astiz, Miren, and José Ángel Echeverría OFMCap. "La Biblioteca Central (provincial) de Capuchinos de Pamplona Extramuros." Las bibliotecas de Navarra: acceso a la información y el conocimiento / Nafarroako liburutegiak: informazioa eta ezagutza eskuratzeko bidea, no. 275 (May 29, 2020): 1341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.275.16.

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RESUMEN El artículo describe la Biblioteca Central (provincial) de Capuchinos de Pamplona Extramuros, desde sus inicios en 1606 hasta lo que es actualmente: una de las cuatro sedes de la Biblioteca Central de los Capuchinos de España. Sus secciones temáticas destacables son la franciscana, la vasco-navarra y la de los autores capuchinos de la antigua provincia de Navarra-Cantabria-Aragón. La biblioteca se enriqueció con los fondos bibliográficos de otros conventos, sobre todo con los del colegio de Lecároz y con la biblioteca del P. Donostia. Junto a la biblioteca se halla el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Capuchinos de Pamplona (provincia de Navarra), rico por sus fondos sobre las misiones y sobre personas importantes para la cultura vasco-navarra. LABURPENA Artikulo honek Iruña-Extramuros Kaputxinoen Liburutegi Nagusia (probintziala) azaltzen du, 1606an jaio zenetik gaur egun Espainiako Kaputxinoen Liburutegi Nagusiko lau egoitzetako bat izan arte. Gaur egun bere gai nagusiak franziskanismoa, euskal gaiak eta Nafarroa eta lehengo Navarra-Cantabria-Aragon Kaputxinoen Probintziaren idazleen obrak dira. Bere funtsak aspaldi aberastu ziren beste komentuetakoak ekarri zirenean: Lekarotz Eskolaren eta Aita Donostiaren liburutegiak adibidez. Honen ondoan Artxibo Historiko Probintziala aurkitzen da non misioetako funtsak eta euskal kulturarako pertsona inportanteen funtsak aurkitu daitezke. ABSTRACT The article describes the Central Library (provincial) of Capuchins in Pamplona-Extramuros, from its beginnings in 1606 to what it is today: one of the four headquarters of the Central Library of the Capuchins of Spain. Its most important thematic sections are the Franciscan, the Basque-Navarrese and the Capuchin Authors of the former province of Navarra-Cantabria-Aragon. The library was enriched by the bibliographic collections of other friaries, especially with those of the Lecároz School and with the library of P. Donostia. Next to the Library is the Provincial Historical Archive of Capuchins of Pamplona (Province of Navarre), rich for its funds on missions and on important people for the culture of the Basque Country and Navarre.

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Serrano Larráyoz, Fernando. "«Porque si se offresciere algún aviso o alguna cosa que vuestra merced me quiera screvir de secreto le envío esta cifra». Claves criptográficas conservadas en el archivo particular de Juan Rena durante el primera tercio del siglo XVI." Medievalismo, no. 25 (November 2, 2015): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/j/241431.

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La reciente organización realizada por el Archivo General de Navarra de los papeles procedentes del archivo particular del clérigo veneciano Juan Rena (ca. 1480-1539), mano derecha de Fernando II de Aragón (el Católico) y Carlos V en la reestructuración administrativa del reino de Navarra tras su conquista en 1512, ha permitido conocer diverso material criptográfico tocante a las actividades vinculadas con su persona entre 1520 y 1529. En el presente trabajo se estudian tres cifras desconocidas hasta el momento, enmarcándolas en su contexto cronológico y relacionando sus principales características con otras claves conocidas en el ámbito hispano del siglo XVI. El desconocimiento de la existencia de este tipo de documentación relativa a las élites navarras de la Baja Edad Media y el Renacimiento las hace más interesantes, porque permite comprobar que no debieron de ser infrecuentes entre los sectores privilegiados.

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Pavón Benito, Julia. "Juan de Beaumont, prior del Hospital: promoción al cargo y control de la Orden por parte de una facción nobiliaria en Navarra (1433-1451)." Medievalismo, no. 25 (November 2, 2015): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/j/241421.

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Este artículo analiza el momento y el contexto que dio lugar a la toma de posesión del cargo de prior del Hospital de San Juan de Jerusalén por parte de Juan de Beaumont en 1435, y las primeras actuaciones de su gobierno en dicha institución hasta el inicio de la guerra civil navarra en 1451. La documentación sanjuanista (AHN y National Library of Malta), complementada por la información de los fondos del reino custodiados en el Archivo General de Navarra, revela un intenso período de cambios en la orden a partir de 1433 y durante los tres lustros siguientes. Ello invita a pensar, teniendo en cuenta la compleja situación peninsular y navarra del primer tercio del siglo XV, en el interés que manifestó una de las facciones nobiliarias del reino de Navarra, la de los Beaumont, por controlar la dirección y organización del priorato sanjuanista.

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Usunáriz, Jesús M. "Exposición «Maleficium. Navarra y la caza de brujas. Siglos XIV-XVII» (Archivo Real y General de Navarra, Julio-diciembre, 2020)." Príncipe de Viana, no. 279 (August 25, 2021): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.279.21.

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Aizarna, Jone, and Jose A. Inchauspe. "Spain. The new mental health care system in Navarra, Spain." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 8 (August 1990): 487–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.8.487.

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Your two correspondents are psychiatrists in their mid-30s working at two publicly-funded mental health centres in Navarra. We share the responsibility for co-ordinating the eight mental health centres, two day hospitals and two psychiatric units in general hospitals in the province. Each of us takes care of half these resources, grouped in a ‘mental health area’.

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Moreno-Sueskun, Iñaki, and Vega García López. "Work-related common mental disorders in Navarra, Spain (2009-2012)." Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales 18, no. 4 (October 15, 2015): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12961/aprl.2015.18.4.04.

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Vitas, A. I., and V. Aguado e. I. Garcia-Jalon. "Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh and processed foods in Navarra (Spain)." International Journal of Food Microbiology 90, no. 3 (February 2004): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00314-3.

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Martinicorena, Francisco Javier Cortes, Conception Moreno Iribas, and Eva Ardanaz Aicua. "Tooth loss and dental caries in an adult population in Navarra, Spain." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 21, no. 3 (June 1993): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00746.x.

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Notenboom, Jos. "The Species of the Genus Pseudoniphargus Chevreux, 1901 (Amphipoda) from Northern Spain." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 56, no. 1 (1986): 75–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660644-05601007.

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Based on new material collected in 1983, 1984, and 1985, the genus Pseudoniphargus proves to be distributed in northern Spain from Asturias, in the western part of the Cordillera Cantabrica, to Navarra and Huesca, in the headlands of the Pyrenees; and from coastal Atlantic regions up to the northern border of the Meseta. A total of 13 species are recognized, of which 11 are new. They are not only found in cave waters, but also in springs, hyporheic habitats, and wells.

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Baldó Alcoz, Julia, and Julia Pavón Benito. "El oficio de difuntos en la Edad Media. La liturgia funeraria en dos códices monásticos del Archivo General de Navarra." Hispania Sacra 68, no. 137 (June 30, 2016): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/hs.2016.013.

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Iráizoz Apezteguía, Belén, and Manuel Rapún Gárate. "Evolución del complejo agroalimentario de Navarra. Análisis a partir de las tablas input-output de 1980 y 1995." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 1, no. 1 (October 23, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2001.01.01.

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This paper analyses the agrofood system in Navarra (Spain) using the Input-Output data for 1980 and 1995. The aim is to analyse the evolution and changes taking place between the economic activities in the region. Streit, Chenery-Watanabe and Rasmussen´s indicators are constructed. As is usual, we have also calculated the inconme and employment multipliers. This indicators show the very important role off the agriculture and the vegetables canning industry in the regional economy.

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Sánchez-Migallón Guzmán, David, Ana Carvajal, Juan F. García-Marín, María C. Ferreras, Valentín Pérez, Mark Mitchell, Fermín Urra, and Juan C. Ceña. "Aleutian Disease Serology, Protein Electrophoresis, and Pathology of the European Mink (Mustela lutreola) from Navarra, Spain." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 39, no. 3 (September 2008): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2006-0033.1.

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VITAS, ANA ISABEL, ROSA MARÍA SÁNCHEZ, VIRGINIA AGUADO, and ISABEL GARCÍA-JALÓN. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Food and Clinical Cases in Navarra, Spain." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 2402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.10.2402.

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The susceptibility of 440 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food (n = 401) and clinical cases (n = 39) between 1995 and 2005 was determined by standard agar dilution and E-test methods. Antimicrobial drugs currently used in veterinary and human therapy were tested, and they included penicillin G, ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, doxycycline, trimethoprim, erythromycin, and clindamycin. The sensitivity of strains was established using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly NCCLS) breakpoints and MIC50 (the MIC for 50% of the strains) to MIC90 values. In general, isolates were susceptible to the majority of the antimicrobials tested, including β-lactamics and aminoglycosides, which are normally used in the treatment of listeriosis. Resistance to tetracycline and doxycycline was found in five strains isolated from fresh trout belonging to the same fish farm. Molecular analysis by restriction endonuclease analysis showed a similar profile, suggesting the persistence of a strain well adapted to the presence of tetracycline in the environment of a fish farm, which is frequently used in aquaculture in order to prevent infections of fish.

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Gabaldon-Figueira, Juan Carlos, Joe Brew, Dominique Hélène Doré, Nita Umashankar, Juliane Chaccour, Virginia Orrillo, Lai Yu Tsang, et al. "Digital acoustic surveillance for early detection of respiratory disease outbreaks in Spain: a protocol for an observational study." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e051278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051278.

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IntroductionCough is a common symptom of COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses. However, objectively measuring its frequency and evolution is hindered by the lack of reliable and scalable monitoring systems. This can be overcome by newly developed artificial intelligence models that exploit the portability of smartphones. In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, cough detection for respiratory disease syndromic surveillance represents a simple means for early outbreak detection and disease surveillance. In this protocol, we evaluate the ability of population-based digital cough surveillance to predict the incidence of respiratory diseases at population level in Navarra, Spain, while assessing individual determinants of uptake of these platforms.Methods and analysisParticipants in the Cendea de Cizur, Zizur Mayor or attending the local University of Navarra (Pamplona) will be invited to monitor their night-time cough using the smartphone app Hyfe Cough Tracker. Detected coughs will be aggregated in time and space. Incidence of COVID-19 and other diagnosed respiratory diseases within the participants cohort, and the study area and population will be collected from local health facilities and used to carry out an autoregressive moving average analysis on those independent time series. In a mixed-methods design, we will explore barriers and facilitators of continuous digital cough monitoring by evaluating participation patterns and sociodemographic characteristics. Participants will fill an acceptability questionnaire and a subgroup will participate in focus group discussions.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Canada and the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Navarre, Spain. Preliminary findings will be shared with civil and health authorities and reported to individual participants. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04762693.

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Crespo, Inma, Diana Toledo, Núria Soldevila, Iolanda Jordán, Rubén Solano, Jesús Castilla, Joan A. Caylà, Pere Godoy, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, and Ángela Domínguez. "Characteristics of Hospitalized Cases of Pertussis in Catalonia and Navarra, Two Regions in the North of Spain." PLOS ONE 10, no. 10 (October 6, 2015): e0139993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139993.

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Díaz Paredes, Aitor. "Fidelidad, fueros y negociación Las Cortes de Sangüesa en la defensa de la Corona de Aragón (1705) = Fidelidad, fueros y negociación. Las Cortes de Sangüesa en la defensa de la Corona de Aragón (1705) = Loyalty, Fueros and Negotiation. The Cortes of Sangüesa in the Defense of the Crown of Aragon (1705)." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna, no. 32 (July 16, 2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfiv.32.2019.22466.

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En el verano de 1705, España se encontraba al borde de una guerra civil. La Monarquía Hispánica, en previsión a un desembarco Aliado en Cataluña, se vio obligada a desviar recursos al frente mediterráneo. Felipe V necesitaba tropas, y convocó Cortes en Navarra. Navarra era un territorio leal, pero que mantenía sus propias instituciones políticas –las Cortes y la Diputación–, y su propio sistema fiscal y jurídico –el Fuero General–. Estas particularidades habían mantenido a Navarra al margen de la costosa política exterior de los Habsburgo. Ahora, sin embargo, la situación había cambiado, y la Monarquía tenía que negociar con las Cortes un servicio, en forma de regimientos. AbstractIn the summer of 1705, Spain was about to face civil war. In the eventuality of an Allied landing in Catalonia, the Crown was forced to divert resources to the Mediterranean front. Philip V needed troops, and he called the three estates of Navarre for Cortes. Navarre was a loyal territory, but it had its own political institutions –the Cortes and its permanent commission, the Diputación– and its own tax and juridical system –the Fuero General–. These particularities kept Navarre out of the gruelling Habsburg foreign policy. However, the situation was now different, and the Monarchy had to negotiate with the Cortes a servicio, in the form of regiments.

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Sola-Larrañaga, Cristina, and Iñigo Navarro-Blasco. "Chemometric analysis of minerals and trace elements in raw cow milk from the community of Navarra, Spain." Food Chemistry 112, no. 1 (January 2009): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.062.

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Berlanga, C., and J. A. Ruiz. "Study of Corrosion in a Biomass Boiler." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/272090.

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Biomass plants, apart from producing energy, help to reduce CO2(g) emissions. One of the biggest problems for their development is superheater corrosion due to fuel corrosivity, especially of the straw. This limits both the temperature of the vapour and also the effectiveness of the plant. In order to know more about the reactions which happen inside the boiler of biomass, thermodynamic calculations using software (HSC Chemistry) have been carried out. Field tests have been carried out in the Sangüesa Biomass Plant in Navarra (Spain): determination of the types of oxides and the deposits formed on the superheaters tubes as well as a program to measure temperatures. Finally, the global results are discussed.

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Rodriguez Gutiérrez, C., A. Elosua Gonzalez, C. Prieto Martínez, S. Rubio Iturria, M. A. Vicuña, and Ó. Nantes Castillejo. "P286 Rate of colectomy in ulcerative colitis: Results from a Spanish cohort with 15 years of follow-up." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S295—S296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.415.

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Abstract Background Knowing the natural history of ulcerative colitis (UC) is essential to understand the evolution of the disease, assess the impact of different therapeutic strategies, identify poor prognostic factors and provide patients with understandable information who help them in decision making. It has been suggested that biological drugs could modify natural history of UC and therefore decrease the rates of colectomy. In Spain, infliximab is approved for CU since 2005. Methods We performed a retrospective study that includes all patients with a definitive diagnosis (DD) of UC or Unclassifiable Colitis (UC) in the Navarra Incident Cohort (which includes all patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2003 in Navarra, Spain). Our objectives were to analyse the Colectomy Incidence Rate (CIR) from diagnosis to the end of follow-up (12-31-2017) and identify predictive factors of colectomy. Results We included 174 patients with DD of UC (42.5% E2 - 26.8% E3) and 5 of IC: 44.1 women, median age 39.2 years (7–88), median follow-up of 15.7 years. At the end of the follow-up, 8 patients underwent colectomy (CIR 3 surgeries per 100000patients-year). Timing of colectomy was: 3 at the initial diagnosis (<1 month), 2 in the first 2 years, 2 at 5 years and 1 at 12 years from diagnosis. All had previously received steroids, 5 immunomodulators and 2 biological agents. In 7 (87%) the surgery was urgent and the indication, megacolon in 3 (37.5%), severe outbreak in 3 (37.5%) and failure to medical treatment in 2 (25%). In 5 cases (62.5%), an ileoanal reservoir was made and in 3 definitive ileostomy. Conclusion In our cohort, global colectomy rates are lower than those reported in other series and occur mostly in the first 5 years of evolution.

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FISHER, JOHN R. "Commerce and Imperial Decline: Spanish Trade with Spanish America, 1797–1820." Journal of Latin American Studies 30, no. 3 (October 1998): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x98005124.

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This article analyses, first, the principal features of Spain's commercial policies towards Spanish America in 1797–1820, and, second, the value, nature and distribution of the trade that survived in this period, despite prolonged international warfare, the admission of neutral shipping, and internal strife from 1808 in both Spain and America. Like the author's earlier studies of ‘free trade’ in the period 1778–96, its principal sources are shipping registers and associated inter-ministerial correspondence in the Archivo General de Indias of Sevilla. Its main conclusions are that: (1) despite ambivalence and uncertainty in Spain about commercial policy, trade with Spanish America was more buoyant in 1797–1820 than previously realised; (2) nevertheless, by the first decade of the nineteenth century most parts of Spanish America were enjoying de facto, if not de jure, free trade with foreigners; (3) consequently, commercial discontent was not a key factor in the process of emancipation from Spain, particularly in the viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru which received some 70% of exports from Spain in this period.

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Rodríguez, D., J. Morales, F. Flechoso, J. A. Sánchez, A. Negro, and M. Lizana. "On the distribution and general abundance of non-native species associated with the Ebro River (Castejón, Navarra, Ne Spain)." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075111717020072.

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Maisterra, Maitane, M. Ángeles Castro, Luz M. Muñoz-Centeno, Ricardo C. Calhelha, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira, and Pablo A. García. "Cytotoxic Terphenyl Neolignans from Fungus Terana coerulea: New Natural Corticins D and E, and Revised Structure for Corticin A." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200513.

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The cobalt crust fungus Terana coerulea ( Phanerochaetaceae family) was selected for a bio-guided study after an ethnobotanical survey at the Irati's Forest (Navarra, Spain) for its local use as antibiotic. Six extracts of increasing polarity, from hexane to hot water, were obtained from powdered dry fungi and tested for cytotoxicity against four human tumour cell lines and one non-tumour primary cell culture. From the most cytotoxic, EtOAc extract, we isolated and identified three terphenyl neolignans: two of them new natural products, named corticins D and E, and one previously described as corticin A, whose earlier structure has been revised. Their structural elucidation and biological evaluation as cytotoxic agents are described.

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Matías-Guiu, Jorge, Jesus Porta-Etessam, Valentín Mateos, Samuel Díaz-Insa, Arturo Lopez-Gil, and Cristina Fernández. "One-year prevalence of migraine in Spain: A nationwide population-based survey." Cephalalgia 31, no. 4 (September 6, 2010): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410382794.

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Aim The purpose of the study was to estimate the one-year prevalence of migraine among a population-based sample of Spanish adults. Method Men and women aged 18-65 years were selected at random according to quotas for age, sex, size of habitat (10,000 inhabitants, 10,001–50,000 inhabitants, 50,001 −200,000 inhabitants and 200,000 inhabitants) and residence proportional to the population size of the geographical location. A random-digit-dial, computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) survey was conducted between April and July 2006. The 2004 International Headache Society operational diagnostic criteria were applied. Results From a total of 70,692 telephone calls and 26,255 (31.7%) valid contacts, 5,668 (21.6%) respondents completed the CATI survey. A total of 476 subjects (8.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7-9.1%) with strict migraine and 236 with probable migraine (4.2%, 95% CI 3.7-4.7%) were recorded. The 1-year prevalence of total migraine (N = 712) was 12.6% (95% CI 11.6-13.6) (17.2% in females, 8.0% in males). The prevalence rates showed significant geographic variations, from 7.6% in Navarra to 18% in the Canary Islands. One-half of the subjects had migraine with aura. One-third of subjects were never diagnosed for migraine. Conclusions The one-year prevalence of migraine in Spain is 12.6%, with a prevalence of migraine with and without aura of 8.4% and probable migraine of 4.2%. These findings add data to the current understanding of migraine.

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Slade, David F. "An Imperial Knowledge Space for Bourbon Spain: Juan Bautista Muñoz and the Founding of the Archivo General de Indias." Colonial Latin American Review 20, no. 2 (August 2011): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2011.587264.

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Montoya, C. "Mineralogical, chemical and thermal characterisations of ancient mortars of the church of Santa María de Irache Monastery (Navarra, Spain)." Materials and Structures 37, no. 270 (May 27, 2004): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/13918.

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Montoya, C., J. Lanas, M. Arandigoyen, P. J. García Casado, and J. I. Alvarez. "Mineralogical, chemical and thermal characterisations of ancient mortars of the church of Santa María de Irache monastery (Navarra, Spain)." Materials and Structures 37, no. 6 (July 2004): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02479640.

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Forero-Cantor, Germán, Javier Ribal, and Neus Sanjuán. "Measuring regional differences in food security from access and stability dimensions: A methodological proposal based on elasticities." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 3 (March 31, 2020): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/97/2019-agricecon.

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One constraint when dealing with food security problems is the absence of measurement tools that allow for mitigation strategies to be targeted on each region individually. The elasticities can be used as a good exploratory instrument of food security. This paper presents a proposal for measuring the food insecurity dimensions of access and stability, integrating the values of the different kinds of elasticities. The methodology was applied to Spain, using data from nine groups of protein-rich foods of animal origin during the 2004–2015 period in 17 regions. The results suggest that, as regards foods rich in animal proteins, Navarra and Galicia are the regions with the highest food insecurity, and pork meat is the most insecure food product. Comparisons can be carried out between and within regions.

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Molina, X., J. C. Casanova, and C. Feliu. "Influence of host weight, sex and reproductive status on helminth parasites of the wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in Navarra, Spain." Journal of Helminthology 73, no. 3 (March 1999): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x99000347.

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A study was carried out in Navarra (northern Spain) on the influence of the weight, sex and reproductive status (lactant, pregnant or lactant + pregnant females and testicular weight for males) of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on two cestodes species: Andrya cuniculi and Mosgovoyia ctenoides and four intestinal nematodes: Graphidium strigosum, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Nematodiroides zembrae and Dermatoxys hispaniensis. A significantly higher prevalence of A. cuniculi was detected in lactant + pregnant females compared with non-breeding females. Trichostrongylus retortaeformis and N. zembrae showed a significantly higher mean intensity in lactant and lactant + pregnant females than in non-reproductive females. Trichostrongylus retortaeformis presented a higher mean intensity in females than in males, and the mean intensity of the same parasite species was significantly lower in active and inactive males compared with lactant and lactant + pregnant females. There were no significant differences between sexes in the prevalence of helminth parasites. No significant correlation was detected between host weight and the intensity (of infection) of helminths studied. No significant differences in the prevalence and mean intensity of the two cestode species were observed in the three weight categories studied (kittens, juveniles and adults). The prevalence of G. strigosum and mean intensity of T. retortaeformis were significantly higher in older heavier animals than in juveniles.

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Rojas Galván, José. "Las élites políticas y militares y su correlación con la conformación regional de la Nueva Galicia (México), 1530-1792." HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 4, no. 8 (July 1, 2012): 108–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v4n8.31569.

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El artículo analiza la relación que guardan las élites políticas y militares en Nueva Galicia (México) durante el periodo de 1530-1792. El proceso de conquista permitió el desarrollo de mecanismos de acceso y consolidación de grupos de élite en los principales centros urbanos, mineros y portuarios de la región neogallega. La investigación toma como referente las perspectivas de la historia social y regional en tanto que buscan hacer evidentes las transformaciones de un territorio con respecto a las condiciones de la sociedad. Las fuentes documentales utilizadas provienen del Archivo General de Indias, España, del Archivo General de Simancas, España, y del Archivo General de la Nación, México.Los resultados de la investigación reflejan los factores estructuradores más importantes de la región neogallega entre los que destaca: los intereses particulares de los diferentes grupos de élite que coexistieron en distintos tiempos y espacios de la Nueva Galicia, donde el territorio y sus recursos fueron aprovechados para asentar su poderío por la persuasión o por la fuerza.Palabras clave:región, élite, poder, sociedad, Nueva Galicia, México. The political and military elites and its correlation with the regional formation of the Nueva Galicia (México), 1530-1792AbstractThe article analyzes the relationship between the political and military elites in Nueva Galicia (Mexico) during the 1530-1792. The conquest process allowed the development of mechanisms for access and consolidation of elite groups in the main ports, mining and urban centers of the neogallega region. This research takes as regards the prospects for social and regional history insofar as they seek to make evident the transformations of a territory with regard to the conditions of the society. Documentary sources come from the General Archive of Indias, Spain, of the General Archive of Simancas, Spain, and from the General Archive of the Nation, Mexico. The results of this research reflect the most important structured factors of the Neogallega region, in which it is important to emphasize the particular interests of the different elite groups that coexisted in different times and spaces of the Nueva Galicia, where the territory and its resources were exploited to settle its power by persuasion or by force. Keywords:elite, power, society, Nueva Galicia, México.

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Martínez Monés, Alejandra, Yannis Dimitriadis Damoulis, Emiliano Acquila-Natale, Ainhoa Álvarez, Manuel Caeiro Rodríguez, Ruth Cobos Pérez, Miguel Ángel Conde González, et al. "Achievements and challenges in learning analytics in Spain: The view of SNOLA." RIED. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ried.23.2.26541.

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Tal y como ocurre en otros campos de investigación, el desarrollo de la analítica del aprendizaje está influido por las redes de investigadores que contribuyen al mismo. Este artículo describe una de estas redes: la Red Española de Analítica de Aprendizaje (SNOLA). El artículo presenta las líneas de investigación de los miembros de SNOLA, así como los principales retos que la analítica del aprendizaje tiene que afrontar en los próximos años desde la visión de estos investigadores. Este análisis está basado en datos de archivo de SNOLA y en una encuesta realizada a los actuales miembros de la red. Aunque esta aproximación no cubre toda la actividad relacionada con analítica del aprendizaje en España, los resultados proporcionan una visión general representativa del estado de la investigación relacionada con analítica del aprendizaje en dicho contexto. El artículo muestra cuáles son estas tendencias y los principales retos, entre los que se encuentran la necesidad de adoptar un compromiso ético con los datos, desarrollar sistemas que respondan a las necesidades de los usuarios y alcanzar mayor impacto institucional.

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Valle Porras, José Manuel. "Un acercamiento a la usurpación de armerías en Francia, los Países Bajos meridionales, España e Inglaterra durante la Edad Moderna." Historia y Genealogía, no. 8 (December 31, 2019): 129–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/hyg.v0i8.1099.

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Este artículo intenta ofrecer, desde la perspectiva de la historia social, un acercamiento de conjunto al fenómeno de la usurpación de armerías durante la Edad Moderna, comparando las situaciones existentes en Francia, los Países Bajos Meridionales, Castilla, la Navarra española e Inglaterra. Puesto que las investigaciones sobre esta cuestión son aún escasas, y dada la amplitud geográfica abarcada en este trabajo, hemos recurrido fundamentalmente a fuentes impresas de la época (leyes, tratados teóricos y obras literarias), complementadas con ediciones de fuentes de archivo y algunas aportaciones científicas. El empleo de estos datos dispersos permite reconstruir un cuadro grosso modo común a los países estudiados, caracterizado por la asimilación de las armerías a la nobleza desde finales de la Edad Media y el consiguiente uso de las mismas como instrumento de ascenso social durante toda la Edad Moderna. Frente a esta situación, los Estados intervienen para determinar el tipo de armerías que corresponde a los nobles y evitar que las usen los plebeyos para infiltrarse en la nobleza. Sin embargo, los resultados fueron en general pobres. La apropiación de escudos y timbres indicativos de nobleza, así como de armas ajenas, fue común entre los siglos XVI y XVIII, e incluso los heraldos –teóricos encargados de vigilar la corrección de los escudos de armas– participaron, corrompidos, en estas prácticas.

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Llavero-Valero, María, Javier Escalada-San Escalada-San Martín, Miguel A. Martínez-González, Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari, Alfredo Gea, and Maira Bes-Rastrollo. "Physical Activity Intensity and Type 2 Diabetes: Isotemporal Substitution Models in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) Cohort." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 2744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132744.

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Which intensity of physical activity (PA) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention remains unclear. Isotemporal substitution models assess the relationship of replacing the amount of time spent in one activity for another. We aimed to assess T2D incidence associated with light-to-moderate physical activity (LMPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) using isotemporal substitution models of one hour (1 h) sitting by 1 h of LMPA or VPA. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect on T2D of an isotemporal substitution of 1 h sitting by 1 h of slow (light physical activity) or brisk–very brisk walking (moderate physical activity). In total, 20,060 participants (both sexes) of the SUN cohort (Spain) initially free of T2D followed-up during a median of 12 years were included. Cox regression models were fitted to assess the association between the substitution of 1 h LMPA, VPA, slow and brisk–very brisk pace by 1 h sitting and T2D. The replacement of 1 h sitting time by 1 h of VPA was associated with an adjusted HR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.34–0.80), not observed for the substitution by 1 h of LMPA (HR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.73–1.20). An apparent inverse association was observed for the replacement of 1 h sitting time by 1 h of brisk/very brisk walking (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.46–1.04), not observed by 1 h of slow pace. From equal conditions of duration and frequency of PA, the higher the intensity of PA, the greater the T2D prevention.

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Gomis, Mario Navarro, José Miguel Martínez-Sanz, Isabel Sospedra, and María Teresa Romá-Ferri. "Suitability of the Available Options About Computer Applications to Record the Initial Assessment of the Nutritional Care Process: A Pilot Study in Spanish Software." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020534.

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Background: Nutritional software applications are tools for professional care. These applications allow the management of relevant information, facilitating and speeding up the diet treatment, and are designed for a general population with potential nutritional problems. The aim to establish the degree to which existing nutritional software in Spanish covers the nutritional assessment aspects that dietitian needs to manage the nutritional care process (NCP). Methods: A descriptive-comparative study of four open-access and/or trial version nutritional software applications was performed, focusing on the informational content that must be recorded by the dietitian when performing a nutritional assessment. The usability and usefulness of the NCP were analyzed by means of a dichotomous scale (yes/no) and a five-level Likert scale (very complete, complete, basic, poor, very poor). Data collection was carried out from December 2018 to April 2019. Results: The software applications collect personal data in a very intuitive way, and with respect to the nutritional assessment, the applications generally comply with the collection of the basic information necessary for subsequent dietetic planning and are complete in the coinciding items, especially in Dietopro® (Valencia, Spain) and Easydiet® (Navarra, Spain). Conclusion: The applications are generally adapted to the ADA and BDA specifications, though the information is dispersed and without a sequential order for professionals.

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Garcia-Herrera, R., D. Barriopedro, E. Hernández, H. F. Diaz, R. R. Garcia, M. R. Prieto, and R. Moyano. "A Chronology of El Niño Events from Primary Documentary Sources in Northern Peru*." Journal of Climate 21, no. 9 (May 1, 2008): 1948–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1830.1.

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Abstract The authors present a chronology of El Niño (EN) events based on documentary records from northern Peru. The chronology, which covers the period 1550–1900, is constructed mainly from primary sources from the city of Trujillo (Peru), the Archivo General de Indias in Seville (Spain), and the Archivo General de la Nación in Lima (Peru), supplemented by a reassessment of documentary evidence included in previously published literature. The archive in Trujillo has never been systematically evaluated for information related to the occurrence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Abundant rainfall and river discharge correlate well with EN events in the area around Trujillo, which is very dry during most other years. Thus, rain and flooding descriptors, together with reports of failure of the local fishery, are the main indicators of EN occurrence that the authors have searched for in the documents. A total of 59 EN years are identified in this work. This chronology is compared with the two main previous documentary EN chronologies and with ENSO indicators derived from proxy data other than documentary sources. Overall, the seventeenth century appears to be the least active EN period, while the 1620s, 1720s, 1810s, and 1870s are the most active decades. The results herein reveal long-term fluctuations in warm ENSO activity that compare reasonably well with low-frequency variability deduced from other proxy data.

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Slack (史义华), Edward R. "New Perspectives on Manila’s Chinese Community at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century." Journal of Chinese Overseas 17, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 117–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341436.

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Abstract This article reexamines the political dynamic within Manila’s Parián (Chinatown) in the early eighteenth century, challenging the “conventional” paradigm of Christian Chinese monopolization of power. The centerpiece of my research focuses on a judicial case initiated by the Chinese community against Pedro Barredo, a Spanish official charged with committing a variety of sadistic crimes against Chinese merchants and their families in 1701. It also analyzes the psychological rationale undergirding Spain’s systemic racism against Chinese immigrants responsible for the colony’s economic prosperity. Utilizing unpublished documents from the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain, and the National Archives of the Philippines in Manila, this new perspective fills in significant details missing from scholarly literature regarding the Chinese Overseas experience in Manila prior to 1800.

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Alba-Fernández, M. V., F. J. Ariza-López, and M. D. Jiménez-Gamero. "A New Approach to the Quality Control of Slope and Aspect Classes Derived from Digital Elevation Models." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112069.

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The usefulness of the parameters (e.g., slope, aspect) derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is limited by its accuracy. In this paper, a thematic-like quality control (class-based) of aspect and slope classes is proposed. A product can be compared against a reference dataset, which provides the quality requirements to be achieved, by comparing the product proportions of each class with those of the reference set. If a distance between the product proportions and the reference proportions is smaller than a small enough positive tolerance, which is fixed by the user, it will be considered that the degree of similarity between the product and the reference set is acceptable, and hence that its quality meets the requirements. A formal statistical procedure, based on a hypothesis test, is developed and its performance is analyzed using simulated data. It uses the Hellinger distance between the proportions. The application to the slope and aspect is illustrated using data derived from a 2×2 m DEM (reference) and 5×5 m DEM in Allo (province of Navarra, Spain).

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Morais, Ana Bela. "Censorship in Spain and Portugal of Spanish Films (1968–1974): A Comparative Perspective." Interlitteraria 22, no. 1 (September 7, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2017.22.1.9.

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Abstract. Through an examination of the censorship reports made by the relevant authorities in Spain and Portugal between 1968 and 1974, I intend to study and compare the way that films from Spain were censored in those two Iberian countries during the last period of their respective dictatorships.For Portugal, the present investigation is based on a study of the archives of the Secretaria de Estado da Informação e Turismo (SEIT). All the information produced by the Comissão de Exame e Classificação de Espectáculos, the section of SEIT which was responsible for the censorship of films under the Estado Novo, is to be found in the relevant section of the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (ANTT), in Lisbon.For the Spanish material, the study is based on the Expedientes de censura [censorship files] that can be found in the Archivo General de la Administración, in Alcalá de Henares. For Spain I also draw on the survey and analysis provided by Teodoro González Ballesteros (Aspectos jurídicos de la censura cinematográfica en España. Con especial referencia al período 1936–1977, 1981).Through an analysis of the censored Spanish filmography in Marcello Caetano’s and Francisco Franco’s time, I aim to contribute to an understanding of the way the Censorship Commissions operated in each country. What, for example, were the most censored topics, thematically? This study may lead to a broader understanding of mentalities in Portuguese and Spanish history.

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Barrena, Ramona, Mercedes Sánchez, José M. Gil, Azucena Gracia, and Luis M. Rivera. "La certificación como estrategia para la recuperación de la confianza del consumidor en la adquisición de la carne de ternera." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 3, no. 1 (October 23, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2003.01.01.

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The objective of the paper is to analyse the effect of the label product presence in the reduction of the health hazard perceived or in the uncertainty associated to a product. The market selected like an example was the fresh beef, because in Europe, in general, and in Spain in particular, has been serious problems related with the food safety. These problems had influenced in the lost confidence of the consumers with important consequences in the supply. We propose a consumer decision model with two steps: 1) to consume more or no, 2) if the consumer decided to increase the consume analyse the factors which affect the quantity to increment; these decisions are considered simultaneous. The results obtained in the three Spanish regions (Comunidad de Aragón, Comunidad Foral de Navarra and Comunidad Valenciana) showed the suitability of the utilisation of the labels in the product to reduce or mitigate the demand effects of these supply complications, specially in the market which major food safety problems.

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Gomis, Mario Navarro, José Miguel Martínez-Sanz, Isabel Sospedra, and María Teresa Romá-Ferri. "Suitability of the Available Options About Computer Applications to Record the Initial Assessment of the Nutritional Care Process: A Pilot Study in Spanish Software." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020534.

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Background: Nutritional software applications are tools for professional care. These applications allow the management of relevant information, facilitating and speeding up the diet treatment, and are designed for a general population with potential nutritional problems. The aim to establish the degree to which existing nutritional software in Spanish covers the nutritional assessment aspects that dietitian needs to manage the nutritional care process (NCP). Methods: A descriptive-comparative study of four open-access and/or trial version nutritional software applications was performed, focusing on the informational content that must be recorded by the dietitian when performing a nutritional assessment. The usability and usefulness of the NCP were analyzed by means of a dichotomous scale (yes/no) and a five-level Likert scale (very complete, complete, basic, poor, very poor). Data collection was carried out from December 2018 to April 2019. Results: The software applications collect personal data in a very intuitive way, and with respect to the nutritional assessment, the applications generally comply with the collection of the basic information necessary for subsequent dietetic planning and are complete in the coinciding items, especially in Dietopro® (Valencia, Spain) and Easydiet® (Navarra, Spain). Conclusion: The applications are generally adapted to the ADA and BDA specifications, though the information is dispersed and without a sequential order for professionals.

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Albizua, Amaia, Elena M. Bennett, Guillaume Larocque, Robert W. Krause, and Unai Pascual. "Social networks influence farming practices and agrarian sustainability." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): e0244619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244619.

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The social-ecological effects of agricultural intensification are complex. We explore farmers’ perceptions about the impacts of their land management and the impact of social information flows on their management through a case study in a farming community in Navarra, Spain, that is undergoing agricultural intensification due to adoption of large scale irrigation. We found that modern technology adopters are aware that their management practices often have negative social-ecological implications; by contrast, more traditional farmers tend to recognize their positive impacts on non-material benefits such as those linked with traditions and traditional knowledge, and climate regulation. We found that farmers’ awareness about nature contributions to people co-production and their land management decisions determine, in part, the structure of the social networks among the farming community. Since modern farmers are at the core of the social network, they are better able to control the information flow within the community. This has important implications, such as the fact that the traditional farmers, who are more aware of their impacts on the environment, rely on information controlled by more intensive modern farmers, potentially jeopardizing sustainable practices in this region. We suggest that this might be counteracted by helping traditional farmers obtain information tailored to their practices from outside the social network.

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Jiménez, P. A., E. García-Bustamante, J. F. González-Rouco, F. Valero, J. P. Montávez, and J. Navarro. "Surface Wind Regionalization in Complex Terrain." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 308–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1483.1.

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Abstract Daily wind variability in the Comunidad Foral de Navarra in northern Spain was studied using wind observations at 35 locations to derive subregions with homogeneous temporal variability. Two different methodologies based on principal component analysis were used to regionalize: 1) cluster analysis and 2) the rotation of the selected principal components. Both methodologies produce similar results and lead to regions that are in general agreement with the topographic features of the terrain. The meridional wind variability is similar in all subregions, whereas zonal wind variability is responsible for differences between them. The spectral analysis of wind variability within each subregion reveals a dominant annual cycle and the varying presence of higher-frequency contributions in the subregions. The valley subregions tend to present more variability at high frequencies than do higher-altitude sites. Last, the influence of large-scale dynamics on regional wind variability is explored by studying connections between wind in each subregion and sea level pressure fields. The results of this work contribute to the characterization of wind variability in a complex terrain region and constitute a framework for the validation of mesoscale model wind simulations over the region.

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Chaparro, M., M. Barreiro-de Acosta, J. M. Benítez, J. L. Cabriada, M. J. Casanova, D. Ceballos, M. Esteve, et al. "P744 Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, evolution and treatments in newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Results from the nationwide EpidemIBD study of GETECCU." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S594—S597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.872.

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Abstract Background Very few studies have reported updated data on the incidence, clinical evolution and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Europe. Aims i) To assess the incidence of IBD in Spain; ii) to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease; and iii) to explore the use of drug treatments in the biological era. Methods Prospective and population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD -Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)- during 2017 in all the 17 Spanish administrative regions were included and will be followed-up for 5 years after diagnosis. Treatment was grouped into 5 categories: mesalazine (oral or topical), steroids (intravenous, oral or topical), immunomodulators (thiopurines, methotrexate or cyclosporine), biologics (anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab) and surgery. Results 3627 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 millions of adult inhabitants (about 50% of the Spanish population) comprise the study cohort (Table 1). The overall incidence (cases/100.000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U. Incidence of CD was somewhat higher in Central Spain, while that of UC was higher in Northern Spain (Asturias and Navarra) (Figure 1). About 46% of patients had CD and 50% UC. Diagnosis delay was longer in CD than in UC (5 vs. 2 months, p < 0.01). The proportion of patients with symptoms at diagnosis was higher in UC than CD (94 vs. 89%, p < 0.01). By contrast, those with CD vs. UC had higher frequency of family history of the disease (18 vs. 13%, p < 0.01), tobacco smoking (38 vs. 12%, p < 0.01) and extraintestinal manifestations (12 vs. 6%, p < 0.01). At diagnosis, 18% of CD patients had structuring or fistulising behaviour, and 69% of UC patients had extensive colitis or left-sided colitis. During a median of 12-month of follow-up, 28% of patients were hospitalised (35% of CD and 22% of UC patients, p < 0.01). A total of 2.6% CD patients progressed to a more severe phenotype, and 2% UC patients developed a more extensive involvement. The cumulative exposure to different treatments is shown in Figure 2. Conclusion The incidence of IBD in Spain is quite high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require the use of substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD than in UC, and much greater than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalised in the first year after diagnosis and over 5% undergo surgery. These results highlight the high burden of IBD as well as some of the important challenges faced by clinicians and healthcare systems to manage this costly and complex disease.

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Anes, Rafael Donoso. "THE DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING METHOD APPLIED IN SPAIN TO ACCOUNT FOR TRANSACTIONS RELATED TO THE MINTING PROCESS OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY." Accounting Historians Journal 21, no. 1 (June 1, 1994): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.21.1.97.

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This paper represents a summary of broad research undertaken in the Archivo General de Indias of Seville. Gold and silver were shipped from America, received in the Treasury Room, minted, and sold in public auctions to merchants. Because single-entry was the usual accounting method applied by the Casa de la Contratación de las Indias, it was surprising to find several books which provide evidence of the application of the double-entry accounting method to account for those transactions related to the minting process. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the documents related to the accounting procedures of the Casa treasury represent the earliest evidence found of the utilization of the double-entry method by a public institution. The study concludes that the treasury utilized the double-entry bookkeeping procedure as early as 1555 to account for the transactions involved in the minting process of gold and silver. Although the focus of this research is on the period 1555–1600, this method was utilized until the middle of the 17th century. This paper examines the accounting procedures used to account for the sale of gold and silver during 1560.

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Repiso-Caballero, Rafael, Daniel Torres-Salinas, and Emilio Delgado-López-Cózar. "Bibliometric and Social Network Analysis Applied to Television Dissertations Presented in Spain (1976/2007)." Comunicar 19, no. 37 (October 1, 2011): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c37-2011-03-07.

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This paper analyses the productive structure in Spanish television research. Data from theses about Spanish television which had been defended in this country over the period 1976/2007 was extracted. Two methodologies are used within this analysis: a bibliometric analysis and Social Network Analysis (SNA). Results show the production of theses by time period, university, these advisors and examination board members. The use of social networks leads us in the identification of notable academic groups operating in the present period as well as tendencies in the composition of the board in terms of university of origin and thesis advisor. There are 404 theses on television written in this period. The results indicate a general and constant increase in the number of theses, especially noticeable over the last 15 years. Regarding scientific production, the Complutense University of Madrid stands out as the most productive. The structural analysis shows that only the Complutense University of Madrid, the Autonomous University of Barcelona, University of Navarre and the University of La Laguna generate their own research groups. Professors shaping the Spanish research system for television are found through the analysis of social networks. Leading positions within the network structure are held by professors of communication from the Complutense University of Madrid and the Autonomous University of Barcelona. El presente trabajo es un análisis de la estructura productiva de la investigación española sobre televisión a través de los datos extraídos de las tesis doctorales sobre televisión en España en el período 1976/2007. Para ello se utilizan dos metodologías diferentes; el análisis bibliométrico y el análisis de redes sociales. Para localizar las tesis doctorales se ha utilizado la base de datos bibliográfica Teseo. Los resultados describen la producción según quinquenios, universidades, directores y evaluadores. Se generan redes sociales para identificar grupos académicos que caracterizaron el período estudiado y tendencias de selección en tribunales según director y universidad. El número total de tesis producidas en el período estudiado es de 404 títulos. La tendencia general indica un incremento constante en todos los períodos con un crecimiento exponencial en los últimos 15 años. Son las universidades históricas de Comunicación las que destacan en la producción, siendo la Universidad Complutense la que capitaliza el mayor número de tesis leídas. El análisis estructural demuestra que solamente la Universidad Complutense, la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, la Universidad de Navarra y la Universidad de la Laguna generan grupos propios. A través del análisis de redes sociales se localiza a los profesores que estructuran el sistema de investigación español en televisión. Las posiciones predominantes dentro de la estructura de la red son ocupadas principalmente por catedráticos de Comunicación de la Universidad Complutense y Autónoma de Barcelona.

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Campbell, Leon G. "Women and the Great Rebellion in Peru, 1780-1783." Americas 42, no. 2 (October 1985): 163–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007207.

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“Who will find a strong woman? She is worth more than pearls.”Proverbs 31: 10“The wife of the Cacique of Tinta manifests a supermasculine will.”Archivo General de las Indias: Audiencia de Lima Legajo 1042, Report of Father Juan de Ruis Pacheco, Cuzco, January 10, 1781Research on women in colonial Latin America is a complex and often frustrating task, in part because the data base is narrow, especially as one descends the social ladder, which often restricts the subject to women from the elite sectors in urban settings. Too often writing on colonial women is based on a “Great Woman” approach to history in which modern concerns about feminism and women's liberation are imposed on traditional, patriarchical historical epochs where these precepts have little meaning or application. There are indications, however, that this orientation is changing. A recent collection of studies about women in colonial societies, for example, compares the economic, political, and social roles of women in twelve different colonial situations, including Peru and New Spain, and considers the changes wrought by European civilization. From an anthropological and historical perspective, the authors compare the position of women in various premodern societies prior to the emergence of the world capitalist system in an effort to determine the historic origins of inequality and subordination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Navarra (Spain). Archivo General'

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