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1
Nervi, Bruno, Michael P. Rettig, Julie K. Ritchey, Gerhard Bauer, Jon Walker, Dave Hess, Phillip E. Herrbrich, et al. "Naive and Ex Vivo Activated Human T Cells Generate Consistent Engraftment and Lethal Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GvHD) in NOD SCID β 2M Null Mice: A New Xenogeneic Model for GvHD." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3106.3106.
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Abstract GvHD remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion. The human GvHD pathophysiology includes recipient tissue destruction and proinflammatory cytokine production associated with the conditioning regimen; donor T cells become allo-activated, proliferate, and mediate tissue injury in various organs, including the liver, skin, and gut. Modern therapeutic strategies to control GvHD while maintaining the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia effects require ex vivo T cell stimulation and expansion. Multiple studies have demonstrated that these ex vivo expanded T cells exhibit decreased survival and function in vivo, including reduced alloreactivity and GvHD potential. Unfortunately no in vivo models exist to consistently examine the impact of ex vivo manipulation of human T cells (HuT) on T cell function. Naive HuT were compared to HuT activated using CD3/28 beads (XcyteTMDynabeads) with 50 U/ml IL-2 for 4 days (Act). We initially evaluated the HuT engraftment and GvHD potential of naive and Act in RAG2γ null mice (n=22) conditioned with clodronate liposomes on day −1 and 350cGy on day 0, as previously described by others. We injected 107 and 1.5x107 naive or Act HuT intravenously (iv). All mice exhibited low HuT engraftment and no lethal GvHD. NOD SCIDβ 2M null mice (β 2M) were next conditioned with 250cGy on day −1 (n=34), or 300cGy on day 0 (n=21). 107 naive vs Act HuT were injected retroorbitaly (ro). Lower HuT doses or iv injection resulted in no expansion or GvHD. Engraftment of HuT in peripheral blood of recipient mice was evaluated weekly by FACS and euthanasia was performed if mice lost > 20% body weight. 60% of the mice conditioned with 250cGy that received naive HuT developed lethal GvHD, in comparison to 75% of mice that received 300cGy and nave HuT, and 100% of mice that received 300cGy and Act HuT. Table 1 250cGy 300cGy Naive (n=34) Naive (n=8) Activated (n=13) *p<0.02 PB engraftment (%HuT) 20%±15 33%±21 59%±19 Lethal GvHD 60% 75% 100% All mice receiving 300cGy had well preserved CD4/CD8 ratios (1–1.5). Tissue infiltration was greatest in mice that had received 300cGy and Act HuT (spleen, liver, lung, kidney: 50–70%). Of interest, serum levels of hu IFNγ dramatically increased over time in all mice who went on to develop lethal GvHD (day 3=270 ug/ml and day 15=36,000 ug/ml) compared to mice that did not develop lethal GvHD (day 10=40 ug/ml and day 17=1,020 ug/ml)(p<0.05). Interestingly, the up-regulation of the activation markers CD25 and CD30 in HuT, and IFNγ production predicted lethal GvHD in β 2M null mice. In summary, we developed a xenogeneic model of lethal GvHD where naive or ex vivo Act HuT injected ro in sublethaly irradiated β 2M not only engraft, expand in vivo, but also infiltrate and damage different mouse target organs. HuT are allo-activated against mouse antigens and damage the target tissues, sharing the major characteristics of human GvHD and causing the death of mice. This model will allow us to study the effects of specific ex vivo T cell manipulation including transduction, selection, expansion, and the depletion or addition of various T cells and other cellular subsets on the outcome of GvHD, to determine improved therapeutic interventions.
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Dedrick, John M. "How Jobe?eso Ro? Got His Name." Tlalocan 2, no. 2 (September 28, 2016): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.tlalocan.1946.411.
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Roux, Etienne, Florence Dumont-Girard, Michel Starobinski, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Claudine Helg, Bernard Chapuis, and Eddy Roosnek. "Recovery of immune reactivity after T-cell–depleted bone marrow transplantation depends on thymic activity." Blood 96, no. 6 (September 15, 2000): 2299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.6.2299.
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Abstract To evaluate the importance of the thymus for the reconstitution of immunity in recipients of a T-cell–depleted bone marrow, we measured the appearance of CD4+CD45RA+RO−naive T cells (thymic rebound), restoration of the diversity of the T-cell–receptor (TCR) repertoire and the response to vaccinations with tetanus toxoid (TT). Repopulation by CD4+CD45RA+RO− thymic emigrants varied among patients, starting at approximately 6 months after transplantation. Young patients reconstituted swiftly, whereas in older patients, the recovery of normal numbers of naive CD4+ T cells could take several years. Restoration of TCR diversity was correlated with the number of naive CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells. Moreover, the extent of the thymic rebound correlated with the patient's capacity to respond to vaccinations. Patients without a significant thymic rebound at the moment of vaccination (CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells less than 30 μL) did not respond, or responded only marginally even after 3 boosts with TT. We conclude that during the first year after transplantation, the absence of an immune response is due mainly to the loss of an adequate T-cell repertoire. Restoration of the repertoire can come only from a thymic rebound that can be monitored by measuring the increase of CD4+CD45RA+RO−naive T cells. This will allow postponing revaccinations to a moment when the patient will be able to respond more effectively. This may be particularly useful in the elderly patient who, owing to low thymic activity, might not yet be able to respond 1 year after transplant when revaccinations are usually scheduled.
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Roux, Etienne, Florence Dumont-Girard, Michel Starobinski, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Claudine Helg, Bernard Chapuis, and Eddy Roosnek. "Recovery of immune reactivity after T-cell–depleted bone marrow transplantation depends on thymic activity." Blood 96, no. 6 (September 15, 2000): 2299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.6.2299.h8002299_2299_2303.
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To evaluate the importance of the thymus for the reconstitution of immunity in recipients of a T-cell–depleted bone marrow, we measured the appearance of CD4+CD45RA+RO−naive T cells (thymic rebound), restoration of the diversity of the T-cell–receptor (TCR) repertoire and the response to vaccinations with tetanus toxoid (TT). Repopulation by CD4+CD45RA+RO− thymic emigrants varied among patients, starting at approximately 6 months after transplantation. Young patients reconstituted swiftly, whereas in older patients, the recovery of normal numbers of naive CD4+ T cells could take several years. Restoration of TCR diversity was correlated with the number of naive CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells. Moreover, the extent of the thymic rebound correlated with the patient's capacity to respond to vaccinations. Patients without a significant thymic rebound at the moment of vaccination (CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells less than 30 μL) did not respond, or responded only marginally even after 3 boosts with TT. We conclude that during the first year after transplantation, the absence of an immune response is due mainly to the loss of an adequate T-cell repertoire. Restoration of the repertoire can come only from a thymic rebound that can be monitored by measuring the increase of CD4+CD45RA+RO−naive T cells. This will allow postponing revaccinations to a moment when the patient will be able to respond more effectively. This may be particularly useful in the elderly patient who, owing to low thymic activity, might not yet be able to respond 1 year after transplant when revaccinations are usually scheduled.
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IAMONICO, DUILIO, ANNA MILLOZZA, and MAURO IBERITE. "Typification of the names Epilobium lanceolatum, Lotus requienii, Orchis romana, and Romulea columnae described from Rome (Italy)." Phytotaxa 454, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.3.3.
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The names Epilobium lanceolatum, Lotus requienii (currently accepted as Lotus conjugatus subsp. requienii), Orchis romana (currently accepted as Dactylorhiza romana subsp. romana), and Romulea columnae are lectotypified on specimens kept at RO and BOLO, and on a Sebastiani’s illustration published in his Romanarum plantarum fasciculus primus. An epitype (at RO) for the name Epilobium lanceolatum is also designated.
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Woods, Toni C., Beverly D. Roberts, Salvatore T. Butera, and Thomas M. Folks. "Loss of Inducible Virus in CD45RA Naive Cells After Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Entry Accounts for Preferential Viral Replication in CD45RO Memory Cells." Blood 89, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 1635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.5.1635.
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Abstract Controversy exists concerning the preferential infection and replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) within naive (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) subsets of CD4+ lymphocytes. To explore the susceptibility of these subsets to HIV-1 infection, we purified CD45RA+/CD4+ (RA) and CD45RO+/CD4+ (RO) cells from normal donors and subjected them to a novel monokine activation culture scheme. Following HIV-1 infection and interleukin-2 (IL-2) induction, viral production measured on day 13 was 19-fold greater in RO cultures compared with RA cultures. IL-2–stimulated proliferation in uninfected control cultures was equivalent. To explore the mechanisms by which RA cells were reduced in viral production capacity, RA and RO cells were exposed to HIV-1 followed by treatment with trypsin, and then phytohemagglutinin antigen (PHA)-stimulated at days 4, 7, and 10 postinfection. HIV-1 production in day 4 postinfection RA and RO cultures was analogous, indicating that viral fusion and entry had occurred in both cell types. However, whereas similarly treated day 7 and 10 postinfection RO cultures produced virus, HIV-1 was markedly reduced or lost in the corresponding RA cultures. These results suggest that a temporally labile postfusion HIV-1 complex exists in unstimulated RA cells that requires cellular activation signals beyond that provided by IL-2 alone for productive infection.
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Woods, Toni C., Beverly D. Roberts, Salvatore T. Butera, and Thomas M. Folks. "Loss of Inducible Virus in CD45RA Naive Cells After Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Entry Accounts for Preferential Viral Replication in CD45RO Memory Cells." Blood 89, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 1635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.5.1635.1635_1635_1641.
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Controversy exists concerning the preferential infection and replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) within naive (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) subsets of CD4+ lymphocytes. To explore the susceptibility of these subsets to HIV-1 infection, we purified CD45RA+/CD4+ (RA) and CD45RO+/CD4+ (RO) cells from normal donors and subjected them to a novel monokine activation culture scheme. Following HIV-1 infection and interleukin-2 (IL-2) induction, viral production measured on day 13 was 19-fold greater in RO cultures compared with RA cultures. IL-2–stimulated proliferation in uninfected control cultures was equivalent. To explore the mechanisms by which RA cells were reduced in viral production capacity, RA and RO cells were exposed to HIV-1 followed by treatment with trypsin, and then phytohemagglutinin antigen (PHA)-stimulated at days 4, 7, and 10 postinfection. HIV-1 production in day 4 postinfection RA and RO cultures was analogous, indicating that viral fusion and entry had occurred in both cell types. However, whereas similarly treated day 7 and 10 postinfection RO cultures produced virus, HIV-1 was markedly reduced or lost in the corresponding RA cultures. These results suggest that a temporally labile postfusion HIV-1 complex exists in unstimulated RA cells that requires cellular activation signals beyond that provided by IL-2 alone for productive infection.
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Probst, Alexandra, Cécile Häberli, Dionicio Siegel, Jianbo Huang, Seth Vigneron, Anh P. Ta, Danielle E. Skinner, et al. "Efficacy, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of Ro 15-5458, a forgotten schistosomicidal 9-acridanone hydrazone." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 10 (July 2, 2020): 2925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa247.
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Abstract Background Treatment of schistosomiasis, a neglected disease, relies on just one partially effective drug, praziquantel. We revisited the 9-acridanone hydrazone, Ro 15-5458, a largely forgotten antischistosomal lead compound. Methods Ro 15-5458 was evaluated in juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. We studied dose–response, hepatic shift and stage specificity. The metabolic stability of Ro 15-5458 was measured in the presence of human and mouse liver microsomes, and human hepatocytes; the latter also served to identify metabolites. Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured in naive mice. The efficacy of Ro 15-5458 was also assessed in S. haematobium-infected hamsters and S. japonicum-infected mice. Results Ro 15-5458 had single-dose ED50 values of 15 and 5.3 mg/kg in mice harbouring juvenile and adult S. mansoni infections, respectively. An ED50 value of 17 mg/kg was measured in S. haematobium-infected hamsters; however, the compound was inactive at up to 100 mg/kg in S. japonicum-infected mice. The drug-induced hepatic shift occurred between 48 and 66 h post treatment. A single oral dose of 50 mg/kg of Ro 15-5458 had high activity against all tested S. mansoni stages (1-, 7-, 14-, 21- and 49-day-old). In vitro, human hepatocytes produced N-desethyl and glucuronide metabolites; otherwise Ro 15-5458 was metabolically stable in the presence of microsomes or whole hepatocytes. The maximum plasma concentration was approximately 8.13 μg/mL 3 h after a 50 mg/kg oral dose and the half-life was approximately 4.9 h. Conclusions Ro 15-5458 has high activity against S. mansoni and S. haematobium, yet lacks activity against S. japonicum, which is striking. This will require further investigation, as a broad-spectrum antischistosomal drug is desirable.
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Janoušková, Jitka. "Woman, I go on writing your name... On the feminization of names of professions, titles, degrees and functions." Romanica Olomucensia 27, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/ro.2015.004.
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Thorin, Éric, Robert Parent, Zhi Ming, and Michel Lavallée. "Contribution of endogenous endothelin to large epicardial coronary artery tone in dogs and humans." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 277, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): H524—H532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.2.h524.
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Nitric oxide (NO) may normally impair endothelin (ET) activity in epicardial coronary arteries. Lifting this inhibitory feedback could reveal ET-dependent effects involving ETA- and/or ETB-receptor activation. In conscious dogs, the blockade of ETA receptors (intracoronary Ro-61–1790) increased external circumflex coronary artery diameter (CD) (sonomicrometry) by 0.10 ± 0.01 from 3.04 ± 0.12 mm ( P < 0.01) without altering coronary blood flow (Doppler). Similarly, CD increased (0.09 ± 0.01 from 2.91 ± 0.14 mm; P < 0.01) when Ro-61–1790 was given after blockade of NO formation with intracoronary N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). In contrast, ETB-receptor blockade (intracoronary Ro-46–8443) did not influence baseline CD with and without l-NAME. In vitro, increases in tension caused by N ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) or PGF2α in arterial rings were reduced by ETA- but not ETB-receptor blockade. ETA-receptor blockade also reduced the increase in tension caused byl-NNA in human coronary arterial rings. Thus ETA receptors, but not ETB receptors, account for ET-dependent constriction in canine epicardial coronary arteries in vivo. ET-dependent effects were independent of the level of NO formation in vitro and in vivo. In human epicardial coronary arterial rings, ETA-receptor blockade also caused significant relaxation.
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Weilhartner, Jörg. "Textual evidence for Aegean Late Bronze Age ritual processions." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 6 (November 2013): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-06-06.
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In the Aegean Late Bronze Age there exists rich iconographic evidence for the ritual practice of processions, demonstrating the practice’s importance within Mycenaean official cult. In contrast, due to the nature of the Linear B documents which are the records of the palace administration referring to particular aspects of the palace economy, hardly any explicit textual information about processions in Mycenaean times is available. Among the rare exceptions is the outstanding tablet Tn 316 from Pylos whose lexical items seem to point to a ritual of this kind. Moreover, the term te-o-po-ri-ja/*θεοφóρια (“the carrying of the gods”) is generally understood as the name of a religious festival in which a (terracotta) cult figurine representing a deity was carried in a procession. Some additional textual evidence on processions may be provided by terms ending in -po-ro/-φóρος. Along these lines, this paper argues that the term to-pa-po-ro may denote men whose description reflects activities they have performed in connection with processions. Similarly, it is suggested that the individuals who are described as ka-ra-wi-po-ro (“female key-bearer”) and di-pte-ra-po-ro (whose traditional interpretation as “wearer of hide” is disputed) may act as carriers in the course of a procession. The textual and linguistic analysis of these words is combined with iconographic evidence of the Aegean Bronze Age.
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Perola, O. K., A. Ripatti, and J. Pelkonen. "Naive CD4+ cells retain their CD45RA+/RO—phenotype during activation in vitro." Immunology Letters 56 (May 1997): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2478(97)86008-7.
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Perola, O. "Naive CD4+ cells retain their CD45RA+/RO-phenotype during activation in vitro." Immunology Letters 56, no. 1-3 (May 1997): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2478(97)87846-7.
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Pittet, Mikaël J., Danila Valmori, P. Rod Dunbar, Daniel E. Speiser, Danielle Liénard, Ferdy Lejeune, Katharina Fleischhauer, Vincenzo Cerundolo, Jean-Charles Cerottini, and Pedro Romero. "High Frequencies of Naive Melan-a/Mart-1–Specific Cd8+ T Cells in a Large Proportion of Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen (Hla)-A2 Individuals." Journal of Experimental Medicine 190, no. 5 (September 6, 1999): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.5.705.
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Using fluorescent HLA-A*0201 tetramers containing the immunodominant Melan-A/MART-1 (Melan-A) tumor-associated antigen (Ag), we previously observed that metastatic lymph nodes of melanoma patients contain high numbers of Ag-experienced Melan-A–specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this paper, we enumerated and characterized ex vivo Melan-A–specific cells in peripheral blood samples from both melanoma patients and healthy individuals. High frequencies (≥1 in 2,500 CD8+ T cells) of Melan-A–specific cells were found in 10 out of 13 patients, and, surprisingly, in 6 out of 10 healthy individuals. Virtually all Melan-A–specific cells from 6 out of 6 healthy individuals and from 7 out of 10 patients displayed a naive CD45RAhi/RO− phenotype, whereas variable proportions of Ag-experienced CD45RAlo/RO+ Melan-A–specific cells were observed in the remaining 3 patients. In contrast, ex vivo influenza matrix–specific CTLs from all individuals exhibited a CD45RAlo/RO+ memory phenotype as expected. Ag specificity of tetramer-sorted A2/Melan-A+ cells from healthy individuals was confirmed after mitogen-driven expansion. Likewise, functional limiting dilution analysis and interferon γ ELISPOT assays independently confirmed that most of the Melan-A–specific cells were not Ag experienced. Thus, it appears that high frequencies of naive Melan-A–specific CD8+ T cells can be found in a large proportion of HLA-A*0201+ individuals. Furthermore, as demonstrated for one patient followed over time, dramatic phenotype changes of circulating Melan-A–specific cells can occur in vivo.
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HARMATTA, JÁNOS. "AUGEWAS DAMOKOROS." Antik Tanulmányok 45, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2001): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/anttan.45.2001.1-2.1.
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On the basis of the Mycenaean documents written in Linear B, the official title da-mo-ko-ro (*damokoros) might have been the name for a high official of the royal palace whose task was to distribute the provisions among the people working for the king. Augewas damokoros mentioned on the tablet Ta 711 may be the same historical person as king Augewas of the Greek epic tradition who rivalled Neleus in the rule over Pylos.
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Martins, Allysson Viana, and Maria Victória Silva. "RUAS DE MILITARES EM VILHENA-RO: HISTÓRIA E COMPOSIÇÃO DO ESPAÇO URBANO." Aturá - Revista Pan-Amazônica de Comunicação 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2526-8031.2019v3n3p131.
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Nascida no período da ditadura militar, a cidade de Vilhena tem suas histórias e memórias visíveis na constituição de espaços públicos locais. O município possui atualmente uma escola cujo nome faz referência aos ditadores militares, a Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Castelo Branco, além de 9 ruas e 6 avenidas que homenageiam militares de diferentes épocas. Aqui, discutimos os conceitos de história, lugares de história e espaço urbano. Este trabalho visa a investigar, a partir da cartografia da cidade, os resquícios históricos de sua ocupação na construção dos espaços públicos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: História; Ruas; Militares; Vilhena; Rondônia.
ABSTRACT
Born in the period of the military dictatorship, the city of Vilhena has its stories and memories visible in the constitution of local public spaces. The municipality currently has a school whose name refers to military dictators, the Castelo Branco Municipal Elementary School, as well as 9 streets and 6 avenues that honor military personnel from different eras. Here we discuss the concepts of history, places of history and urban space. This work aims to investigate, from the city's cartography, the historical remains of its occupation in the construction of public spaces.
KEYWORDS: History; Streets; Military; Vilhena; Rondonia.
RESUMEN
Nacida en el período de la dictadura militar, la ciudad de Vilhena tiene sus historias y recuerdos visibles en la constitución de los espacios públicos locales. El municipio actualmente tiene una escuela cuyo nombre se refiere a dictadores militares, la Escuela Primaria Municipal Castelo Branco, así como 9 calles y 6 avenidas que honran al personal militar de diferentes épocas. Aquí discutimos los conceptos de historia, lugares de historia y espacio urbano. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar, desde la cartografía de la ciudad, los restos históricos de su ocupación en la construcción de espacios públicos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: historia; Calles Personal militar; Vilhena Rondonia.
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Wilkinson, Toby A. H. "The Identification of Tomb B1 at Abydos: Refuting the Existence of a King *Ro/*Iry-Hor." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 79, no. 1 (October 1993): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339307900117.
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The epigraphic and ceramic evidence from Tomb B1 at Abydos is re-examined, yielding a date for the tomb of the reign of Narmer. The identity of the owner of B1 as a king is refuted; the group of signs previously identified as the name of a king *Iry-Hor is reinterpreted as a mark of the royal treasury.
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Dumont-Girard, Florence, Etienne Roux, René A. van Lier, Geoff Hale, Claudine Helg, Bernard Chapuis, Michel Starobinski, and Eddy Roosnek. "Reconstitution of the T-Cell Compartment After Bone Marrow Transplantation: Restoration of the Repertoire by Thymic Emigrants." Blood 92, no. 11 (December 1, 1998): 4464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.11.4464.
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Abstract We have studied the reconstitution of the T-cell compartment after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in five patients who received a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisting of methotrexate, cyclosporin, and 10 daily injections (day −4 to day +5) of Campath-1G. This treatment eliminated virtually all T cells (7 ± 8 T cells/μL at day 14) which facilitated the analysis of the thymus-dependent and independent pathways of T-cell regeneration. During the first 6 months, the peripheral T-cell pool was repopulated exclusively through expansion of residual T cells with all CD4+ T cells expressing the CD45RO-memory marker. In two patients, the expansion was extensive and within 2 months, the total number of T cells (CD8>>CD4) exceeded 1,000/μL. In the other three patients, T cells remained low (87 ± 64 T cells/μL at 6 months) and remained below normal values during the 2 years of the study. In all patients, the first CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells appeared after 6 months and accumulated thereafter. In the youngest patient (age 13), the increase was relatively fast and naive CD4+ T cells reached normal levels (600 T cells/μL) 1 year later. In the four adult patients (age 25 ± 5), the levels reached at that time-point were significantly lower (71 ± 50 T cells/μL). In all patients, the T-cell repertoire that had been very limited, diversified with the advent of the CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells. Cell sorting experiments showed that this could be attributed to the complexity of the T-cell repertoire of the CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells that was comparable to that of a normal individual and that, therefore, it is likely that these cells are thymic emigrants. We conclude that after BMT, the thymus is essential for the restoration of the T-cell repertoire. Because the thymic activity is restored with a lag time of approximately 6 months, this might explain why, in particular in recipients of a T-cell–depleted graft, immune recovery is delayed.
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Dumont-Girard, Florence, Etienne Roux, René A. van Lier, Geoff Hale, Claudine Helg, Bernard Chapuis, Michel Starobinski, and Eddy Roosnek. "Reconstitution of the T-Cell Compartment After Bone Marrow Transplantation: Restoration of the Repertoire by Thymic Emigrants." Blood 92, no. 11 (December 1, 1998): 4464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.11.4464.423k32_4464_4471.
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We have studied the reconstitution of the T-cell compartment after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in five patients who received a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisting of methotrexate, cyclosporin, and 10 daily injections (day −4 to day +5) of Campath-1G. This treatment eliminated virtually all T cells (7 ± 8 T cells/μL at day 14) which facilitated the analysis of the thymus-dependent and independent pathways of T-cell regeneration. During the first 6 months, the peripheral T-cell pool was repopulated exclusively through expansion of residual T cells with all CD4+ T cells expressing the CD45RO-memory marker. In two patients, the expansion was extensive and within 2 months, the total number of T cells (CD8>>CD4) exceeded 1,000/μL. In the other three patients, T cells remained low (87 ± 64 T cells/μL at 6 months) and remained below normal values during the 2 years of the study. In all patients, the first CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells appeared after 6 months and accumulated thereafter. In the youngest patient (age 13), the increase was relatively fast and naive CD4+ T cells reached normal levels (600 T cells/μL) 1 year later. In the four adult patients (age 25 ± 5), the levels reached at that time-point were significantly lower (71 ± 50 T cells/μL). In all patients, the T-cell repertoire that had been very limited, diversified with the advent of the CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells. Cell sorting experiments showed that this could be attributed to the complexity of the T-cell repertoire of the CD4+CD45RA+RO− T cells that was comparable to that of a normal individual and that, therefore, it is likely that these cells are thymic emigrants. We conclude that after BMT, the thymus is essential for the restoration of the T-cell repertoire. Because the thymic activity is restored with a lag time of approximately 6 months, this might explain why, in particular in recipients of a T-cell–depleted graft, immune recovery is delayed.
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Martins, Allysson Viana, and Maria Victória Ferreira Silva. "EDUCAÇÃO COM DITADOR EM VILHENA-RO: história e memórias na Escola Castelo Branco." Revista Observatório 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 322–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2019v5n2p322.
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As cidades conservam lógicas espaciais e temporais que refletem as suas marcas históricas e memoriais, na mesma medida em que ocultam outras. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa que investiga os resquícios da ditadura militar em Vilhena-RO a partir da cartografia da cidade, além das memórias dos funcionários e da história da Escola Castelo Branco. Aqui, conceitos em torno da história e da memória são associados à ditadura militar, à história de Vilhena e aos resquícios desse período na cidade através das entrevistas com os funcionários da escola. Percebe-se que 2/3 desses funcionários são contrários à mudança do nome da escola e mesmo os 5 educadores que não sabem nada sobre Castelo Branco preferem a não alteração da homenagem.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: História; Memória; Ditadura Militar; Vilhena; Escola.
ABSTRACT
The cities conserve spatial and temporal logics that reflect their historicals and memorials marks, to the same extent that they hide others. This work presents the results of the research that investigates the remnants of the military dictatorship in Vilhena-RO from the cartography of the city, as well as the memories of the employees and the history of the Castelo Branco School. Here, concepts around history and memory are associated with the military dictatorship, the history of Vilhena and the remnants of that period in the city through interviews with school employees. It is noticed that 2/3 of these employees are against the change of the name of the school and even the 5 educators who do not know anything about Castelo Branco prefer not to change the homage.
KEYWORDS: History; Memory; Military dictatorship; Vilhena; School.
RESUMEN
Las ciudades conservan lógicas espaciales y temporales que reflejan sus marcas históricas y de memoria, en la misma medida en que ocultan otras. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la investigación sobre los restos de la dictadura militar en Vilhena-RO a partir de la cartografía de la ciudad, además de las memorias de los funcionarios y de la historia de la Escuela Castelo Branco. Aquí, conceptos en torno a la historia y la memoria se asocian a la dictadura militar, a la historia de Vilhena ya los restos de ese período en la ciudad a través de las entrevistas con los funcionarios de la escuela. Se percibe que 2/3 de esos funcionarios son contrarios al cambio del nombre de la escuela, incluso los 5 educadores que no saben nada sobre Castelo Branco y prefieren la no alteración del homenaje.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Historia; Memoria; Dictadura militar; Vilhena; Escuela.
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Oliveira, Emanuella Da Costa, and Juliana Rossato Santi. "GRUPOS PRETÉRITOS NA PAISAGEM DO SÍTIO ILHA SANTO ANTÔNIO: PERCEPÇÃO A PARTIR DOS VESTÍGIOS ARQUEOBOTÂNICOS." Cadernos do LEPAARQ (UFPEL) 16, no. 31 (June 30, 2019): 05. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/lepaarq.v16i31.14612.
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Os estudos arqueobotânicos na Amazônia têm demonstrado resultados interessantes no que diz respeito à relação do ser humano e a paisagem. Nesse sentido, apresentaremos aqui alguns resultados relacionados a percepções sobre modificações na paisagem pretérita causados pelas populações que habitaram o sítio arqueológico Ilha de Santo Antônio no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia. Este sítio situado em uma ilha na cachoeira homônima inserida na região do alto rio Madeira, RO com datação holocênica de 7.740 ± 50 AP e mais recente relacionada aos povos da Tradição Policroma da Amazônia datados em 990 ± 40 AP. Analisou-se o vestígio arqueológico botânico, em específico as sementes, advindo de três setores escavados do sítio. Absctract: The archaeobotanical studies in the Amazônia have shown interesting results regarding the relation of the human being and the landscape. In this sense, we will present here some results related to perceptions about modifications in the past landscape caused by the populations that inhabited the archaeological site of Santo Antônio island in the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia. This site, as the name says, is situated on an island in the same waterfall in the region of upper Madeira, RO with a pleistocene dating of 7,740 ± 50 AP and more recent related to the people of the polychrome tradition of the Amazon dating to 990 ± 40 AP. The botanical archaeological vestige was analyzed, specifically the seeds, coming from three sectors excavated from the site. The data points to a different landscape in times past compared to the current scenario in which the site was located.
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IAMONICO, DUILIO, GUSTAVO HASSEMER, NINA RØNSTED, and ROMEO DI PIETRO. "The intricate nomenclatural questions around Plantago holosteum (Plantaginaceae)." Phytotaxa 306, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6.
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A nomenclatural study on the names of the narrow-leaved plantains linked to Plantago holosteum is presented. The names P. carinata, P. gerardii, P. holosteum, P. maritima var. apennina, P. subulata sensu Wulfen, and P. wulfenii have been studied. The name P. holosteum is lectotypified on illustration by Bauhin & Cherler, P. wulfenii by Willdenow on a specimen preserved at B while P. maritima var. apennina was neotypified using a specimen deposited at RO. For P. holosteum, an accepted and widely used name both in the floristic and the vegetation literature of SE-Europe, an epitype is designated here. The name P. carinata was proposed by Mertens & Koch to replace P. subulata sensu Wulfen non L., but is illegitimate (ICN, Arts. 52.2, 53.1). Plantago gerardii Schult. is a later homonym of P. gerardii Pourr. (= P. argentea), and therefore also illegitimate (Art. 53.2). All the names investigated in this paper are placed in the synonymy of P. holosteum here (some of them only provisionally), except for Willdenow’s P. wulfenii which is considered a heterotypic synonym of P. maritima.
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Bao, Lei, Nargisa Niyazova-Brewer, Kimberly Dunham, Kenneth Kenneth, and Qi Sun. "Generation of CD8+ Viral Specific T Cells from EBV and CMV Naive Individuals." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3655.3655.
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Abstract Adoptive T cell immunotherapy (ATCI) with viral specific T cells, as exemplified by ATCI against Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) with viral specific T cells generated from virus-experienced individuals, is efficacious against viral reactivation in immuno-compromised hosts. EBV-seronegative solid organ transplant recipients and CMV-seropositive stem cell transplant patients receiving CMV-seronegative grafts are at high risk of EBV-driven lymphoproliferation and CMV reactivation, respectively. However, due to the absence of virus-specific memory T cells, ex vivo techniques for generating virus-specific CD8+ CTL from virus-naive individuals remain to be developed for reproducibility and efficiency. To extend ATCI to the above patients, we are developing novel ex vivo systems to expand virus specific CD8+ CTL from seronegative individuals. We designed a two step stimulation for the naive T cells to develop into specific T cells. The first step, “de-naiviation”, involves non-specific but high-affinity stimulation of CD45RO/CD25/CD56/CD14 depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 and -CD28 antibodies. The “de-naiviated” T cells were then antigen-specifically stimulated by antigen presenting cells expressing both EBV and CMV antigens. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an EBV/CMV seronegative individual were depleted for two rounds with micro-beads conjugated with antibodies against CD45RO, CD25, CD14 and CD56. The resultant cells were a homogenous population of cells mostly CD45RO−/CD45RA+/CD3+/CD25−, the phenotype for naïve T cells. After a period of expansion stimulated by a cocktail containing anti-CD3 (OKT3) and -CD28, 90% of the RO-T cells became RO+/RA−, the phenotype of memory T cells. Nearly all the CD4+ cells and most the CD8 cells became CD25+, suggesting recent activation. Then the “de-naiviated” T cells were stimulated with autologous EBV immortalized B lymphoblastoid cells transduced and expressing the CMV pp65 (CMVpp65) antigen. After three rounds of stimulation, the T cells were screened for specific production of interferon-gamma (IFNg) by ELISA. Clones were isolated from the primed T cells, and FACS analysis showed that the T cell clones produced IFNg in response to EBV BLCL expressing CMVpp65. These T cells also antigen-specificly expressed IL2 and GMCSF. Interestingly, while the cells were predominantly CD8+/CD3+, some of the cells were also positive for CD56, suggesting newly differentiated effector T cells. Work is ongoing to further characterize the T cell clones for antigen specificity, functionality and differentiation status. The novel approach we are developing has the potential to generate EBV and CMV specific CD8+ CTL from virus naive individuals for adoptive T cell immunotherapy against viral infections.
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Nikolov, G. S., Y. D. Todorova, M. H. Nikolova, R. G. Emilova, D. M. Hristova, P. J. Kostova-Shahid, and B. N. Petrunov. "Subsets of T regulatory cells in patients with IgE-mediated allergy." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 6 (December 16, 2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2019-6-65-71.
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Background. It is presently known that several subsets of T-regulatory (Treg) cells, both natural and inducible maintain tolerance to environmental allergens. But the relative importance of distinct phenotypically defined Treg subsets for the clinical manifestations of IgE-mediated allergy has not been elucidated yet.The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotype and number of different Treg subpopulations from patients with IgE-mediated allergy compared with healthy non-allergic individuals.Materials and methods. A group of 20 patients with clinically manifested IgE allergy and a group of 10 healthy no allergic controls were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were taken after informed consent. Percentage and absolute count (AC) of the following regulatory subsets: naive (CD45RO-FoxP3lo), memory (RO+FoxP3+), effector (Treg eff, RO+FoxP3hi), induced (CD39+CD134+), Thl7/Treg (CD196+FoxP3+CD4Treg); Tr1 (IL-10+FoxP3-), were determined using standard 8-parameter flow cytometry (BD FACSCanto II).Results and discussion. The share and AC of FoxP3+CD4 Treg was significantly decreased in sensitized patients as compared to controls (mean 0,6% vs. 3,3%, p<0.05 and 8,7 vs. 55 cells/μl p<0.001). In addition, a significantly decreased level of Tr1 cells was observed in the patients with allergy, 0,4% vs. 2,1 % in healthy controls (p<0,05) as well for subset of Thl7/Treg (mean 7,7% vs. 28,4% in healthy persons, p<0.01).Conclusion. The significantly decreased number of FoxP3+CD4 Treg as well as periphery induced Tr1 and Thl7/Treg cells in patients with respiratory allergy lead to dysregulation and loss of peripheral immune tolerance, which is the pathophysiological basis for development of widely spread allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.
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Hwang, G. M., and T. Wilson. "(A182) Model to Assess Geo-Temporal Spread of Disease by Air Travel from Major World Cities to the United States." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001786.
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With increasing numbers of international flights and air travelers arriving in the US annually, the rapid spread of communicable diseases has grown. Epidemics of novel infectious diseases have emerged and rapidly spread globally in association with air travel, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and H1N1 in 2009. In order to anticipate and mitigate the consequences of future rapid disease spread, the MITRE Corporation, in collaboration with the (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, developed a risk assessment tool using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered model and detailed flight and population data. The emergence and spread of prototypic pandemic influenza was simulated based on a theoretical geographical point of origin and its communicability. More than 50 international metropolitan areas were analyzed as potential points of origin to simulate the rapidity of spread to the US. The basic reproduction number (Ro), defined as the average number of persons to whom one infected individual transmits disease in an immune naive population, was varied from 1.4 to 1.9. The starting numbers of infectious persons at each origin also were varied (100 or 500 persons, 5% infectious may travel). Waves were computed as aggregate across metropolitan areas modeled in the US. The visualization of the first pandemic wave was most apparent in simulations of Ro = 1.9, resulting from 500 infectious persons at each origin. More than 50% of origins indicated that aggregate waves peaked around Day 125, while 30% of origins peaked around Day 90. Additionally, the time, in days, from its origin in six continents into the US was compared, and a two-week delay was found from South America compared with other continents. This simulation tool better equips policy makers and public health officials to quickly assess risk and leverage resources efficiently via targeted and scalable border mitigation measures during a rapid global outbreak.
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Seddiki, Nabila, Brigitte Santner-Nanan, Jeff Martinson, John Zaunders, Sarah Sasson, Alan Landay, Michael Solomon, et al. "Expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 receptors discriminates between human regulatory and activated T cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 7 (July 3, 2006): 1693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20060468.
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Abnormalities in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells have been implicated in susceptibility to allergic, autoimmune, and immunoinflammatory conditions. However, phenotypic and functional assessment of human T reg cells has been hampered by difficulty in distinguishing between CD25-expressing activated and regulatory T cells. Here, we show that expression of CD127, the α chain of the interleukin-7 receptor, allows an unambiguous flow cytometry–based distinction to be made between CD127lo T reg cells and CD127hi conventional T cells within the CD25+CD45RO+RA− effector/memory and CD45RA+RO− naive compartments in peripheral blood and lymph node. In healthy volunteers, peripheral blood CD25+CD127lo cells comprised 6.35 ± 0.26% of CD4+ T cells, of which 2.05 ± 0.14% expressed the naive subset marker CD45RA. Expression of FoxP3 protein and the CD127lo phenotype were highly correlated within the CD4+CD25+ population. Moreover, both effector/memory and naive CD25+CD127lo cells manifested suppressive activity in vitro, whereas CD25+CD127hi cells did not. Cell surface expression of CD127 therefore allows accurate estimation of T reg cell numbers and isolation of pure populations for in vitro studies and should contribute to our understanding of regulatory abnormalities in immunopathic diseases.
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Sunkara, B., D. Roofeh, S. Silver, T. LeBleu Pearson, M. Ettel, and W. J. McCune. "The devil's in the dosing: severe drug-induced liver injury in a hydroxychloroquine-naive patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and porphyria cutanea tarda." Lupus 27, no. 8 (April 9, 2018): 1383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318768884.
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A 29-year-old woman with a 1.5 year history of photosensitive skin lesions on her hands presented with a malar rash, bullous lesions on her hands, and was diagnosed with subacute lupus erythematosus after serologies revealed a positive antinuclear antibody test (1:2560), and antibodies to Ro/SSA and dsDNA. Hydroxychloroquine (400 mg/day) was prescribed and the patient developed severe drug-induced liver injury. Biopsy of her bullous skin lesions was consistent with porphyria cutanea tarda, as were her serological and urinary exams. She was successfully treated with therapeutic phlebotomy. This case identifies porphyria cutanea tarda as an important differential diagnosis for the rheumatologist to consider when evaluating patients with bullous skin lesions. Hydroxychloroquine in lower doses is an effective treatment for porphyria cutanea tarda; at doses used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus and subacute cutaneous lupus, there is a potentially life-threatening complication of hepatotoxicity.
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Park, Kyung-Duk, Luciana Marti, Joanne Kurtzberg, and Paul Szabolcs. "In vitro priming and expansion of cytomegalovirus-specific Th1 and Tc1 T cells from naive cord blood lymphocytes." Blood 108, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 1770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-10-006536.
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Adoptive transfer of CMV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) expanded in vitro from memory donor T cells can reduce the incidence of CMV disease in allogeneic transplant recipients. However, this approach has been unavailable in the cord blood (CB) transplantation setting because CB T cells are antigen naive and biased toward Th2/Tc2 function. We developed a protocol to in vitro prime and expand CMV-specific CTLs from CB. T cells were primed with cytokines to trigger skewing toward Th1/Tc1 lineage before encountering monocyte and CD34+ progenitor-derived dendritic cells loaded with CMV antigen and its immune complex. CMV-pulsed cultures expanded significantly more over 4 to 6 weeks than CMV cultures despite identical cytokine milieu. T cells isolated from CMV+ cultures showed a preferential expansion of CD45RA-/RO+/CD27+ T cells compared to CMV- cultures. CMV-specific IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing CD4+ (Th1) and CD8+ (Tc1) T cells were enriched after 3 to 4 weeks and CMV-specific cytotoxicity developed 1 to 2 weeks later.
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Marelli-Berg, F. M., R. E. Hargreaves, P. Carmichael, A. Dorling, G. Lombardi, and R. I. Lechler. "Major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing endothelial cells induce allospecific nonresponsiveness in naive T cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.4.1603.
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The role of endothelial cells (EC) in initiating a primary T cell response is of importance in clinical transplantation and autoimmunity since EC are the first allogeneic target encountered by the recipient's immune system and may display tissue-specific autoantigens in the context of an inflammatory response. In this study, we have investigated the antigen-presenting cell function of human umbilical vein-derived EC (HUVEC), depleted of constitutively major histocompatibility complex class II+ cells and induced to express class II molecules by interferon-gamma. The results show that HUVEC do not express B7 but can support proliferation by antigen-specific T cell clones. In contrast, they were unable to initiate a primary alloresponse using three independent HUVEC cultures and MHC class II-mismatched CD4+ T cells from eight donors. The response to HUVEC was reconstituted by trans-costimulation provided by DAP.3 transfectants expressing human B7.1. Coculture of peripheral blood T cells with EC expressing allogeneic DR molecules had markedly different effects on CD45RO+ and RA+ subsets. Subsequent reactivity of the RO+ T cells was unaffected by exposure to EC, indicating a neutral encounter. In contrast, culture with DR+ EC induced allospecific nonresponsiveness in RA+ T cells.
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Maier-Moore, J. S., B. T. Kurien, A. D'Souza, L. Bockus, S. Asfa, Y. Dorri, S. Hubbell, et al. "Passive transfer of antibodies to the linear epitope 60 kD Ro 273-289 induces features of Sjögren's syndrome in naive mice." Clinical & Experimental Immunology 180, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cei.12480.
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Sprecher, Marco, Britta Maurer, and Oliver Distler. "Primäres Sjögren-Syndrom – Neues zu Diagnostik und Therapie." Praxis 109, no. 5 (March 2020): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003442.
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Zusammenfassung. Das primäre Sjögren-Syndrom ist eine autoimmune Erkrankung vornehmlich der exokrinen Drüsen und äussert sich meistens in Sicca-Symptomatik der Augen und des Mundes, jedoch auch von Nase, Rachen, Vagina und Haut. Fatigue und Schmerz sind ebenfalls sehr charakteristisch. Die Erkrankung kann sich jedoch auch systemisch manifestieren, z.B. in Gelenken, Muskeln, Lungen, Nieren, Haut und Nervensystem. Gefürchtet ist die Entwicklung eines Lymphoms, das insbesondere bei Vorliegen von Anti-SSA-(Ro)-positiven Antikörpern, aber auch z.B. bei hohem ESSDAI-Wert, Komplementverbrauch, Zytopenien oder Nachweis von ektopen Keimzentren in der Speicheldrüsenbiopsie erhöht ist. Die Diagnosestellung ergibt sich in der Regel durch Objektivierung der Sicca-Symptomatik (z.B. Schirmertest) und Vorhandensein der typischen Antikörper oder bei typischer Speicheldrüsenbiopsie. Therapeutisch wird die Sicca-Symptomatik primär symptomatisch behandelt (z.B. durch Tränen- und Speichelersatzmittel), erst bei systemischen Manifestationen kommen Glukokortikoide, konventionelle DMARDs oder ggf. Biologika (in der Regel Rituximab) zum Einsatz. Bei sehr schweren Verläufen sind ggf. zusätzlich intravenöse Immunglobuline und Plasmaexchange notwendig.
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McBreen, S., S. Imlach, T. Shirafuji, G. R. Scott, C. Leen, J. E. Bell, and P. Simmonds. "Infection of the CD45RA+ (Naive) Subset of Peripheral CD8+ Lymphocytes by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 In Vivo." Journal of Virology 75, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 4091–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.9.4091-4102.2001.
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ABSTRACT To investigate the mechanism and functional significance of infection of CD8+ lymphocytes by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vivo, we determined frequencies of infection, proviral conformation, and genetic relationships between HIV-1 variants infecting naive (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Infection of CD3+ CD8+ CD45RA+cells was detected in 9 of 16 study subjects at frequencies ranging from 30 to 1,400 proviral copies/106 cells, more frequently than CD3+ CD8+ lymphocytes expressing the RO isoform of CD45 (n = 2, 70 and 260 copies /106 cells). In agreement with previous studies, there was no evidence for a similar preferential infection of CD4+naive lymphocytes. Proviral sequences in both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets were complete, as assessed by quantitation using primers from the long terminal repeat region spanning the tRNA primer binding site. In six of the seven study subjects investigated, variants infecting CD8+ lymphocytes were partially or completely genetically distinct in the V3 region from those recovered from CD4+ lymphocytes and showed a greater degree of compartmentalization than observed between naive and memory subsets of CD4+ lymphocytes. In two study subjects, arginine substitutions at position 306, associated with use of the chemokine coreceptor CXCR4, were preferentially found in CD4 lymphocytes. These population differences may have originated through different times of infection rather than necessarily indicating a difference in their biological properties. The preferential distribution of HIV-1 in naive CD8+ lymphocytes indeed suggests that infection occurred early in T-lymphocyte ontogeny, such as during maturation in the thymus. Destruction of cells destined to become CD8+ lymphocytes may be a major factor in the decline in CD8+ lymphocyte frequencies and function on disease progression and may contribute directly to the observed immunodeficiency in AIDS.
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Sereti, Irini, Hector Martinez-Wilson, Julia A. Metcalf, Michael W. Baseler, Claire W. Hallahan, Barbara Hahn, Richard L. Hengel, Richard T. Davey, Joseph A. Kovacs, and H. Clifford Lane. "Long-term effects of intermittent interleukin 2 therapy in patients with HIV infection: characterization of a novel subset of CD4+/CD25+ T cells." Blood 100, no. 6 (September 15, 2002): 2159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v100.6.2159.
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Abstract The long-term immunologic effects of intermittent interleukin 2 (IL-2) therapy were evaluated in a cross-sectional study by comparing 3 groups: HIV-seronegative volunteers, HIV-infected (HIV+) patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and HIV+ patients receiving HAART and intermittent IL-2. Whole-blood immunophenotyping was performed to study expression of the IL-2 receptor chains on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and to further characterize CD4+/CD25+ T cells. Increased CD25 expression, especially in CD4+ T cells but also in CD8+ T cells, without increases in expression of the β and γ chains of the IL-2 receptor was detected in the IL-2 group. Up to 79% of naive CD4+ T cells (median, 61%) from patients in the IL-2 group expressed CD25, and the number of naive CD4+/CD25+ T cells correlated positively with both the total and naive CD4+ T-cell counts. A discrete population of CD45 double intermediate RA+/RO+CD4+ cells was also preferentially expanded in the IL-2 group, and the number of these cells strongly correlated with the total CD4+ count. Despite increases in CD25 expression, T lymphocytes from patients treated with IL-2 did not have increased expression of early (CD69) or late (CD95) activation markers or evidence of recent proliferation (Ki67). Both CD4+/CD25+ and CD4+/CD25− cells from IL-2–treated HIV+ patients proliferated in response to mitogens, specific antigens, and T-cell-receptor–mediated stimuli. Thus, intermittent administration of IL-2 in HIV+ patients leads to preferential expansion of a unique subset of CD4+ T cells that may represent a critical population in T-cell homeostasis.
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Sereti, Irini, Hector Martinez-Wilson, Julia A. Metcalf, Michael W. Baseler, Claire W. Hallahan, Barbara Hahn, Richard L. Hengel, Richard T. Davey, Joseph A. Kovacs, and H. Clifford Lane. "Long-term effects of intermittent interleukin 2 therapy in patients with HIV infection: characterization of a novel subset of CD4+/CD25+ T cells." Blood 100, no. 6 (September 15, 2002): 2159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v100.6.2159.h81802002159_2159_2167.
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The long-term immunologic effects of intermittent interleukin 2 (IL-2) therapy were evaluated in a cross-sectional study by comparing 3 groups: HIV-seronegative volunteers, HIV-infected (HIV+) patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and HIV+ patients receiving HAART and intermittent IL-2. Whole-blood immunophenotyping was performed to study expression of the IL-2 receptor chains on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and to further characterize CD4+/CD25+ T cells. Increased CD25 expression, especially in CD4+ T cells but also in CD8+ T cells, without increases in expression of the β and γ chains of the IL-2 receptor was detected in the IL-2 group. Up to 79% of naive CD4+ T cells (median, 61%) from patients in the IL-2 group expressed CD25, and the number of naive CD4+/CD25+ T cells correlated positively with both the total and naive CD4+ T-cell counts. A discrete population of CD45 double intermediate RA+/RO+CD4+ cells was also preferentially expanded in the IL-2 group, and the number of these cells strongly correlated with the total CD4+ count. Despite increases in CD25 expression, T lymphocytes from patients treated with IL-2 did not have increased expression of early (CD69) or late (CD95) activation markers or evidence of recent proliferation (Ki67). Both CD4+/CD25+ and CD4+/CD25− cells from IL-2–treated HIV+ patients proliferated in response to mitogens, specific antigens, and T-cell-receptor–mediated stimuli. Thus, intermittent administration of IL-2 in HIV+ patients leads to preferential expansion of a unique subset of CD4+ T cells that may represent a critical population in T-cell homeostasis.
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Suyatno, Suyatno. "SEKOLAH ISLAM TERPADU DALAM PETA SISTEM PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL." ALQALAM 32, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v32i2.553.
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Integrated Islam schools emerged as a response to dissatisfaction Islamic movement activists against the national education system in Indonesia. National education system considered in the management of education perpetuates the dualism between religion and public education. Therefore, it takes a model of alternative educational institution capable of removing any educational practice dichotomous. During its development, paradox regarding the development of integrated Islamic school when they actually have to be part of the national education system. This study aims to answer the question of how the position of integrated Islamic schools in the National Education map? This study is a qualitative case study model. Data collection methods were participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data was analyzed using inductive-qualitative analysis. The results showed that the integrated Islamic school is an integral part of the national education system. The indications are; the adoption of the curriculum of the ministry of education and culture, use of the name of the "sekolah ", adjustment of the examination system, and certification programs by teachers of integrated Islamic school. Their willingness ro be part of the national education system is one of the Islamic movement activists attempt to do lslamization of formal education institutions in Indonesia.
Keywords: Integrated Islamic Schools, lslamization, National Education System.
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Chen, Chuang, Qiang Zheng, Ya-Nan Wang, Xiao-Jun Yan, Li-Kai Hao, Xun Du, and Nianzhi Jiao. "Stakelama pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Sphingomonadaceae isolated from the Pacific Ocean." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 2857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.018945-0.
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A Gram reaction-negative, weakly motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium designated strain JLT832T was isolated from surface water of the central Pacific Ocean and formed yellow colonies on rich organic (RO) medium. The strain was oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Acid was produced from mannitol, glucose, sucrose, lactose, sorbitol, maltose, (+)-trehalose and d-fructose. No acid was produced from d-(+)-xylose. The major cellular fatty acids of strain JLT832T were C18 : 1 ω7c, C14 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Ubiquinone-10 and spermidine were present as the major quinone and polyamine, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JLT832T was 66.0±0.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate formed a tight branch within the family Sphingomonadaceae but was clearly separate from established genera in this family. The sequence similarities between the new isolate and type strains of established genera ranged from 90.5 to 94.9 %. Based on these data, strain JLT832T constitutes a novel genus and species, for which the name Stakelama pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Stakelama pacifica is JLT832T (=CGMCC 1.7294T =LMG 24686T).
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Murthy, Sreekant, and Eiji Morikawa. "Ro 24???4736 INHIBITS ABNORMAL COLONIC MUCOSAL PERMEABILITY INDUCED BY ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION (I/R) AND L-NG-NITRO-ARGININE METHYL ESTER (L-NAME) IN THE RAT." Shock 4, Supplement (December 1995): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199512001-00092.
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Ferreira, Emily Railda Tibúrcio Gonçalves, Juliana Tiemi Yamagishi, Carolina Nunes Pimenta, and Thiago Vaz Lopes. "LEVANTAMENTO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS REGISTROS DE TUMOR VENÉREO TRANSMISSÍVEL (TVT) ATENDIDOS NO HOSPITAL VETERINÁRIO DA FACULDADES INTEGRADAS APARÍCIO CARVALHO – FIMCA EM PORTO VELHO, RONDÔNIA NO ANO DE 2017." REVISTA FIMCA 6, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37157/fimca.v6i3.26.
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Introdução: O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT) é uma patogenia contagiosa, descrita pela primeira vez em 1905 por Sticker com a denominação de linfossarcoma transmissível com localização predominante na região genital. O TVT é um tumor histiocitário e que pode ser transmitido entre cães através do coito, se lambendo, mordendo e cheirando nódulos tumorais nas áreas afetadas. Podendo ser transmitido a outras espécies de caninos, tais como raposas e cachorro do mato. Objetivo: Quantificar os casos remanescente de TVT (tumor venéreo transmissível) encontrados no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdades Integradas Aparício Carvalho- FIMCA de Porto Velho-RO, para que posso beneficiar os Médicos Veterinários e tutores em relação a ocorrência dessa patologia. Material e métodos: O método de coleta das informações foi feito através do livro de registro, no qual havia dados sobre a data de entrada e saída do animal no hospital, nome do animal e do tutor, sexo, raça, diagnóstico ou suspeita clínica e o médico veterinário responsável pelo atendimento, sendo que, destes dados, foram recolhidos apenas, sexo, raça e diagnóstico positivo para TVT. Resultados: Quanto ao comportamento populacional da TVT nos cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário, a prevalência foi de 0,82% (16/1948). Dos animais avaliados, 31,25% são fêmeas e 68,75% são machos, e considerando as raças foram encontrados tais valores de 68,75% sem raça definida; 12,5% PitBull; 12,5% Pinscher; 6,25% Rottweiler. Conclusão: Neste estudo foi encontrada uma baixa frequência desta doença, porém mesmo com valores obtidos ainda há perigo e possibilidade dos animais de estimação contrair está patologia. Introduction: Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a contagious pathogenesis, first described in 1905 by Sticker with the name of transmissible lymphosarcoma with predominant location in the genital region. TVT is a histiocytic tumor and can be transmitted between dogs through intercourse, licking, biting and smelling tumoral nodules in the affected areas. It can be transmitted to other species of canines, such as foxes and wild dog. Objective: To quantify the remaining cases of TST (transmissible venereal tumor) found in the Veterinary Hospital of Faculdades Integradas Aparício Carvalho-FIMCA in Porto Velho-RO, so that I can benefit Veterinarians and tutors in relation to the occurrence of this pathology. Material and methods: The method of collecting the information was done through the log book, which had data on the date of entry and exit of the animal into the hospital, animal and guardian name, gender, race, diagnosis or clinical suspicion and the veterinarian responsible for the care, and, from data, were collected only, sex, race and positive diagnosis for TVT. Results: Regarding the TVT population behavior in dogs attended at the Veterinary Hospital, the prevalence was 0.82% (16/1948). Of the animals evaluated, 31.25% are females and 68.75% are males, and considering the races were found such values of 68.75% without defined race; 12.5% PitBull; 12.5% Pinscher; 6.25% Rottweiler. Conclusion: This study a low frequency of this disease was found, but even with values obtained there is still danger and the possibility of the animals to contract this pathology.
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Farrell, D. M., and V. S. Bishop. "The roles of cGMP and cAMP in active thermoregulatory vasodilation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): R975—R981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.3.r975.
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This study was designed to test the hypothesis that active thermoregulatory vasodilation (AVD) is the result of a neurotransmitter-induced adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) pathway interacting with a nitric oxide-induced guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. Rabbits were instrumented for measurement of arterial pressure and ear blood flow (EBF) and the infusion of drugs. In four groups of conscious animals, whole-body heating increased EBF from 0.5 +/- 0.3 to 8.3 +/- 1.3 kHz. In group 1 (n = 6), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 10-40 mg) reduced EBF from 7.1 +/- 0.9 to 1.9 +/- 0.5 kHz. Subsequent infusion of 8-bromo-cGMP (a cGMP analog, 5-10 mg) returned EBF to 6.2 +/- 0.7 kHz. In group 2 (n = 3), (R)-p-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (a cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, 10 mg) reduced EBF to 1.6 +/- 0.4 kHz. In group 3 (n = 6), nerve blockade of the ear (procaine, 20 mg/ml, 1.5 ml) reduced EBF from 8.6 +/- 1.3 to 1.6 +/- 0.3 kHz. Subsequent infusion of 8-bromo-cAMP (a cAMP analog, 5-10 mg) returned EBF to 8.3 +/- 2.0 kHz. In group 4 (n = 6), the infusion of L-NAME caused EBF to fall from 9.0 +/- 1.1 to 1.2 +/- 0.3 kHz. Infusion of the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724 (0.2-0.5 mg) raised EBF to 5.5 +/- 0.7 kHz. These results suggest that cGMP plays a permissive role in AVD and indicate that the transmitter acts through cAMP.
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Nervi, Bruno, Michael Rettig, Julie Ritchey, Jon Walker, Gerhard Bauer, Phillip Herrbrich, Jan A. Nolta, and John F. DiPersio. "A Murine Xenograft Model for Human T Cell Mediated Graft Versus Host Disease." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4977.4977.
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Abstract Murine xenograft models of human T cell (HuT) mediated graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) are of potential value but limited by poor engraftment and low and variable incidence of clinical GvHD even after injection of >108HuT cells. The NOD SCID β2M null mice (β2 mice) lack macrophage activity, T, B and NK cells and represent an improved target for HuT cell expansion and activation compared to other immunodeficient mouse models. To induce GvHD, sublethally irradiated β2 mice were injected intravenously via the tail vein (iv) or retroorbitally (ro) with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMC) or purified HuT (98% purity). β2 mice conditioned with 250cGy and injected iv with huPBMC (107T cells;n=4) or HuT (0.5–2x107T cells;n=28) failed to engraft and did not develop GvHD. In contrast, β2 mice conditioned with 250cGy and injected ro with huPBMC (107T cells;n=11) or HuT cells (107;n=14) exhibited 19% HuT engraftment 2–3 weeks post-infusion and developed weight loss (>20%) consistent with lethal GvHD, with an overall survival of 82% and 21%, respectively, at 5 weeks (p=0.006). Addition of IL-2 (3x105 IU IP/TIW) had no effect on T cell expansion or GvHD. FACS analysis demonstrated HuT infiltration in the spleen (46%), liver (60%), lung (49%), kidney (40%), and bone marrow (11%). Histological analysis showed an extensive and diffuse accumulation of immature lymphocytes in the spleen, thymus and lymph nodes, and a perivascular infiltration in the lung, liver, kidney but not in the skin or gut. The immunohistochemestry confirmed that these cells were HuT (human CD45+ and CD3+). Furthermore, we observed a 10–15 fold increase in the expression of T cell activation markers CD25, CD30, and CD69 in both the peripheral blood and tissues, compared with naive T cells or T cells from mice that did not develop GvHD. We also evaluated the levels of various human cytokines in the serum of the β2 mice using a cytometric bead array multiplex assay. On day 10 after the injection of HuT and before the start of any clinical sign of GvHD, mice that went on to develop lethal GvHD had 90 times higher levels of IFNγ in serum (>5000pg/ml) compared to mice that did not develop GVHD (<62 pg/ml) (p=0.003). Interestingly both had nearly identical numbers of HuT/ul in blood (32+39 and 33+41 HuT/ul) on day 10. We also observed a significant increase in human IL-10 levels and TNFα in mice that developed GvHD. Mice that developed lethal GvHD had a 70 fold increase of HuT/ul in the 3rd week (1550 versus 22/ul p<0.003). We improved this model by depletion of murine macrophages using clodronate-containing liposomes (clod) administered iv before the HuT injections. Mice injected with 5x106HuT with clod developed lethal GvHD (3/3) on day 15.7+1.5, with 107HuT (3/3) on day 10.3+5.4 and mice injected with 107HuT without clod on day 13.4+5.4 (8/12)(p<0.05). In contrast, RAG2 γ −/ − mice (RAG2) treated in identical fashion to the β2 mice failed to engraft HuT after both iv and ro injection (350cGy). Both increasing radiation doses (350 to 600cGy) and/or the addition of clod iv resulted in significantly enhanced engraftment of HuT and lethal GvHD. CD4/CD8 ratio of HuT cells expanding in RAG2 mice was <1 in sharp contrast to the β2 mice where the ratio was >2.5. Conclusion: NOD-SCID-β2M null xenotransplant model is uniquely permissive for human T cell expansion after sublethal radiation and may be used as a preclinical platform to study the impact of ex-vivo manipulation and genetic modification of human T cell as GvHD.
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Nervi, Bruno, Michael Rettig, Julie Ritchey, Jon Walker, Gerhard Bauer, Philip Herrbrich, Mark L. Bonyhadi, Jan A. Nolta, and John F. DiPersio. "In Vivo Suicide Gene Therapy of Human T Lymphocytes To Prevent Graft Versus Host Disease in a Murine Xenograft Model." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4979.4979.
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Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. One approach to preserve the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia while minimizing GvHD is to genetically modify donor T cells with a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) suicide gene that can selectively phosphorylate the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV) resulting in T cell suicide should GvHD develop. We recently developed a new chimeric suicide gene by fusing HSV-tk to the extracellular and transmembrane domains of human CD34 (ΔCD34-tk; Mol. Ther.2003; 8:29–41). ΔCD34-tk-modified cells can be rapidly and efficiently selected using a well-established and clinically approved CD34 immunoselection technique ensuring coordinated expression of the CD34 epitope and tk suicide gene in transduced affinity purified human T cells (HuT). We have developed a new model for xenogeneic GvHD induced by HuT in NOD-SCID-β2M null mice (β2 mice). β2 mice lack macrophage activity, T, B and NK cells. In this model 79% (11/14) of the β2 mice conditioned with 250 cGy and injected retro-orbitaly (ro) with 107 HuT developed lethal GvHD, with loss of pretransplant body weight (>20%), decreased activity, hunched posture, ruffled fur, accompanied by HuT expansion and infiltration of blood and multiple tissues. In this study, we evaluated the ability of GCV to prevent GvHD after infusion of CD34-tk-modified HuT in this xenogeneic model. Human PBMCs cells were activated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs immobilized on magnetic beads (CD3/CD28 beads) in the presence of IL-2 (50 U/mL). Two days post-activation, cells were incubated with the 293 GPG-derived VSV-G pseudotyped CD34-tk oncoretroviral supernatants for 6 h at 37°C. Transduced (Td) cells were then expanded in media containing IL-2 and CD3/CD28 beads and isolated by MACS (Miltineyi Biotech) on day 4 postactivation (transduction efficiency >60%). Td cells were purified to >94% by CD34 immunomagnetic selection using a VarioMACS magnetic cell separator. Naive (unmanipulated) T cells (n=2), naive PBMC (n=3), activated non Td T cells (Activated; n=3) and CD34-tk transduced T cells (Td; n=6) were then injected (107/mouse) ro into 250 cGy conditioned β2 mice. Animals receiving Td cells were then either left untreated or treated with GCV (1 mg/day, intraperitoneal) from days 1–7 post- HuT cell injection. Mice that received naive T cells died of lethal GvHD on days 14 and 16. Although we observed an average of 15.5% and 33.6% HuT engraftment in the Activated and Td groups respectively, and increased expression of CD25, CD30, and CD69 in the peripheral blood of mice 4 weeks post-infusion, we observed no GvHD (mice maintained their pretransplant body weight and did not developed any signs of GvHD). However, we were able to demonstrate that Td T cells could be efficiently eliminated in vivo by treatment with ganciclovir. Animals treated with ganciclovir from days 1–7 had less than 1% engraftment at 4 weeks post-infusion. This selective elimination of the Td T cells was not sustained however, as evidenced by the 3.5% HuT engraftment on blood (5.4% of these HuT were CD34+) and 18% HuT in the spleen (24% CD34+) at week 10 post-infusion. In conclusion, this xenograft model provides a unique opportunity for preclinical testing of the CD34-tk/GCV suicide gene system as well as other methods of GvHD control.
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IAMONICO, DUILIO. "Nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 5. Moquin-Tandon’s names." Phytotaxa 273, no. 2 (September 7, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.273.2.1.
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A comprehensive nomenclatural study of the 109 names in Acnida, Amaranthus[1] and Euxolus, which were firstly published by Moquin-Tandon, is here presented. 49 names are invalid since 1) were proposed as synonyms under legitimate names (36 names, Art. 36.1c of the ICN), 2) are nomina nuda (11 names, Art. 38.2 Ex. 1 of the ICN), or 3) were uncorrectly named or published (2 names). 10 names are actually new proposed combinations. The remaining 50 names are valid (48 legitimate and 2 illegitimate). Six names (Ac. tuberculata, Am. hybridus var. erythrostachys, Am. sect. Pyxidium, Am. muricatus, E. caudatus var. gracilis, and E. caudatus var. maximus) are already lectotypified, while the remaining ones appears to be untypified. Types (lecto-, isolecto- and neo-) are designated on specimens preserved at BR, G, GH, HAL, HOH, K, MO, MPU, P, UPS, and iconographies by Vellozo (for Am. brasiliensis), Wight (Am. tristis var. wightii), Morandi (Euxolus viridis var. purpurascens), and Dodoëns (Euxolus viridis var. rubens). Syntypes are preserved at BR, MO, RO, and TUB. For the nomenclatural purposes the name Am. lanceolatus was also investigated and lectotypified on a specimen preserved at P. No typifications were proposed for 4 names: Am. paniculatus var. monstruosus (which is to be considered a teratogenous form) Am. flavus var. bernhardi, Am. hypochondriacus var. racemosus, and Am. tristis var. flexuosus. Concerning the latter three names, since the difficult in understanding the concepts of these taxa and finding useful specimens and in the interest of nomenclatural stability, a rejection of is hoped for (Art. 56 of the ICN). New synonymies are proposed for Amaranthus blitum var. nanus (= Am. blitoides), Am. brasiliensis (= Am. cruentus), Am. tristis var. leptostachys (= Am. cruentus), Euxolus viridis var. rubens and Euxolus viridis var. purpurascens (= Am. blitum var. blitum). The name Amaranthus ×wallichii was proposed to formalize a putative hybrid between Am. cruentus and Am. hybridus, which still does not appear to be published.
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Gui, Yu, Xi-Long Zheng, Jie Zheng, and Michael P. Walsh. "Inhibition of rat aortic smooth muscle contraction by 2-methoxyestradiol." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 5 (November 2008): H1935—H1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00723.2008.
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Recent studies suggest that 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an estrogen metabolite, has a similar inhibitory effect as 17β-estradiol (E2) on vascular tone. However, it is not known whether 2-ME mediates the effects of E2 or by what mechanism 2-ME regulates smooth muscle contraction. Therefore, we compared the effects of 2-ME and E2 on rat aortic smooth muscle contraction. A preincubation with 2-ME (10 μM) for 1 h inhibited phenylephrine (PE)-induced tension in endothelium-intact, but not -denuded, tissues, whereas E2 inhibited PE-induced contraction in both preparations. The effects of 2-ME and E2 on endothelium-intact preparations were prevented by l-NAME hydrochloride (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). The 2-ME treatment reduced PE-induced phosphorylation of the 20-kDa myosin regulatory light chain. The inhibitory effects of 2-ME and E2 were not affected by ICI-182780 (an estrogen receptor antagonist) or actinomycin D (a gene transcription inhibitor); however, the effect of 2-ME, but not E2, was prevented by cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor). Furthermore, the effect of E2 was not blocked by 1-aminobenzotriazole (a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor) or Ro 41-0960 (a catechol- O-methyltransferase inhibitor). The effect of 2-ME was not mimicked by microtubule-interfering agents (nocodazole or Taxol). We conclude that 2-ME inhibits smooth muscle contractility through an endothelium- and nitric oxide-dependent mechanism, which does not involve estrogen receptors or microtubule disruption. The effect of 2-ME, but not E2, involves de novo protein synthesis. 2-ME does not mediate the inhibitory effect of E2 on smooth muscle contraction. These results support a potentially important role of 2-ME in the regulation of smooth muscle tone in the vasculature.
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Symes, R. F., G. Cressey, A. J. Griddle, C. J. Stanley, J. G. Francis, and G. C. Jones. "Parkinsonite, (Pb,Mo, □)8O8Cl2, a new mineral from Merehead Quarry, Somerset." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 390 (March 1994): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.390.06.
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AbstractParkinsonite, ideally (Pb,Mo,□)8O8Cl2, is a new mineral from the Merehead Quarry, Cranmore, Somerset, England. It occurs as compact clusters or patches of red to purplish red bladed crystals, which have an adamantine lustre and a perfect {001} cleavage and occupy fractures and cavities in carbonate vughs in veins of manganese and iron oxide and hydroxide minerals. Associated minerals are mendipite, diaboleite, chloroxiphite, wulfenite, cerussite and hydrocerussite. Discrete crystals were not found; intergrown crystalline aggregates are the usual form of occurrence. The maximum grain size is about 300 × 100 µm, but most grains are appreciably smaller. Parkinsonite was synthesized using high purity chemicals. The measured density of the synthetic material is 7.32 g/cm3; the calculated density is 7.39 g/cm3, the difference being due to minor impurity and slight porosity in the synthetic sample. Parkinsonite is translucent. Reflectance spectra were obtained in air and in oil. Refractive indices calculated from these (at 589 nm) are for Ro, 2.58, and Re', 2.42, i.e. uniaxial negative. VHN50 is 113–133 from which the calculated Mobs hardness is 2–2.5.X-ray studies show that parkinsonite is tetragonal with space group I4/mmm, I4̄2m, I4̄m2, I4/mm, or I422 and a 3.9922(3), c 22.514(2) Å. It has a cell volume of 358.82(5) Å3 with Z = 1. The strongest six lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I) (hkl)] 2.823, 2.813(100) (110,008); 5.63(85) (004); 2.251(33) (116, 0.0.10); 2.988(27) (105); 3.750(15) (006); 1.994(11) (200,118). Averaged electron microprobe analyses give the empirical formula Pb6.34Mo0.89□0.77O8.02Cl1.98 on the basis of 10 atoms [O + Cl]. The name is for Reginald F. D. Parkinson, mineral collector of Somerset, UK, who first found the mineral.
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Karakaya-Stump, Ayfer. "Reflections on the 19th Century Missionary Reports as Sources for the History of the (Kurdish) Kizilbash." Kurdish Studies 8, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i1.540.
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Missionary reports are the earliest modern records to explicitly mention the Kizilbash, and the “Kizilbash Kurds” in particular. Therefore, they have been utilised relatively extensively by researchers in the field, sometimes at levels disproportionate to their reliability and usefulness. This article develops my previous work on the perils of the missionary reports’ utilization without sufficient critical scrutiny of their inherent biases and limitations, and highlights, on the basis of an original missionary letter, the editorial process that they were likely subjected to before publication. It argues that the real significance of these sources lies not in their broad and biased speculations concerning distant (Kurdish) Kizilbash origins, but in the casual observations and incidental details they unwittingly supply. Abstract in Kurmanji Hizrên li ser raporên mîsyonerî yên sedsala 19an wek çavkanî ji bo dîroka Qizilbaşan (ên kurd) Raporên mîsyonerî qeydên modern ên ewil in ku bi eşkereyî behsa Qizilbaş an jî “kurdên Qizilbaş” bi taybetî dikin. Lewra, ew ji teref lêkolînerên li sehayê nisbeten bi berfirehî hatine bikaranîn, carna jî di asteke ne li gor bikêrhatî û ewlebûna wan de. Ev gotar li ser xebatên min ên berê ava bûye ku di wan de behsa talûkeya sûdwergirtina ji raporên mîsyoneran bêyî lêkolîneke rexneyî ya li hember pêşdarazî, sînorkirin û balkişandinên wan ên esasî tê kirin; û gotar bal dikşîne ser bingeha nameyeke mîsyonerî ya orîjînal, pêvajoya edîtorî ya muhtemel a berî weşandina ku ev name tê re derbas dibin. Gotar, nîqaş dike ku girîngiya rastîn ya van çavkaniyan ne di pêşqebûlên wan ên berfireh û alîgir yên di derbarê kokên (kurdên) Qizilbaş de ye lê di çavdêriyên wan ên rojane û teferuatên tesadufî de ye ku wan bêyî zanebûn gihandine. Abstract in Sorani Raman le raportî mizgênîderekanî sedey 19 wek serçaweyek bo mêjuy (Kurdî) Qzilbaş Raportî mizgênîderekan kontirîn tomarî serdemin ke be raşkawî nawî qzilbaşekanî hênabêt û betaybetîş "qzilbaşe kurdekan". Leberewe, be rêjeyekî frawan û hendêkcar ta astî neguncan legell bawerrpêkrawî û sûdmendî ew serçawane, lelayen twêjeranî ew bware sûdyan lêwergîrawe. Em wtare leser bnemay karêkî pêşûtrim bunyadinrawe ke derbarey metrisîy bekarbirdnî raportî mizgênîderekane bê ewey wku pêwîst hellsengandinêkî rexnegrane bikrêt bo layengîrîy zigmakîyane û snurdarêtî ew mizgênîderane, we leser bnemay nameyekî esllî mizgênîderêk, tîşk dexate ser prosey paknuskirdin ke pêdeçêt mizgênîderekan pêş bllawkirdnewe rûberrûy bûbnewe . Miştumrrî ewe dekat ke bayexî rasteqîney em serçawane le xemllandinî giştî û layengîrîyaneyan lemerr rîşey dûrî qzillbaşî (kurdî)ewe nayet, bellku lew serince labela û zanîyarye xelletênerane daye ke ewan beanqest dawyane. Abstract in Zazaki Sey çimeyanê tarîxê (kurdanê) qizilbaşan, raporanê mîsyoneranê seserra 19. ser o tefekurî Qeydê modernê tewr verênî yê ke bi hewayo eşkera qalê qizilbaşan û bitaybetî qalê kurdanê qizilbaşan kenê, raporê mîsyoneran ê. Coka nê raporî hetê cigêrayoxanê nê warî ra hetê nîsbetî ra hende ameyî xebitnayene ke ge-gane goreyê bawerbarî û feydeyê înan sînorê qebulî ra zî vîyartêne. Na meqale xebata min a verên a ke mi derheqê tehlukeyanê xebitnayîşê raporanê mîsyoneran yê bê rexnegirîya tehqîqê cidî yê terefgirî û sînordarîya înan de kerdbî, aye ser o virazîyaya. Na meqale pê bingeyê mektubêka mîsyonerêk a orîjînale bale ancena prosesê înan ê edîtoryalî ser ke bi îhtîmalêk weşanîyayîş ra ver pêro nê prosesî ro vîyartêne ra. Na xebate nê fikrî dana munaqeşeyî ro ke girîngîya nê çimeyan a raştikêne, pêardişanê înan ê hîra û terefgîran derheqê ristimê (kurdanê) qizilbaşan ê dûrî de nîya, la observasyonanê eleladeyan û teferuatan ê ke mîsyoneran bi tesadufî dayî, înan de ya.
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Bindi, Luca, Federica Zaccarini, Paola Bonazzi, Tassos Grammatikopoulos, Basilios Tsikouras, Chris Stanley, and Giorgio Garuti. "Eliopoulosite, V7S8, A New Sulfide from the Podiform Chromitite of the Othrys Ophiolite, Greece." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030245.
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The new mineral species, eliopoulosite, V7S8, was discovered in the abandoned chromium mine of Agios Stefanos of the Othrys ophiolite, located in central Greece. The investigated samples consist of massive chromitite hosted in a strongly altered mantle tectonite, and are associated with nickelphosphide, awaruite, tsikourasite, and grammatikopoulosite. Eliopoulosite is brittle and has a metallic luster. In plane-reflected polarized light, it is grayish-brown and shows no internal reflections, bireflectance, and pleochroism. It is weakly anisotropic, with colors varying from light to dark greenish. Reflectance values of mineral in air (Ro, Re’ in %) are: 34.8–35.7 at 470 nm, 38–39 at 546 nm, 40–41.3 at 589 nm, and 42.5–44.2 at 650 nm. Electron-microprobe analyses yielded a mean composition (wt.%) of: S 41.78, V 54.11, Ni 1.71, Fe 1.1, Co 0.67, and Mo 0.66, totali 100.03. On the basis of Σatoms = 15 apfu and taking into account the structural data, the empirical formula of eliopoulosite is (V6.55Ni0.19Fe0.12Co0.07Mo0.04)Σ = 6.97S8.03. The simplified formula is (V, Ni, Fe)7S8 and the ideal formula is V7S8, which corresponds to V 58.16%, S 41.84%, total 100 wt.%. The density, based on the empirical formula and unit-cell volume refined form single-crystal structure XRD data, is 4.545 g·cm−3. The mineral is trigonal, space group P3221, with a = 6.689(3) Å, c = 17.403(6) Å, V = 674.4(5) Å3, Z = 3, and exhibits a twelve-fold superstructure (2a × 2a × 3c) of the NiAs-type subcell with V-atoms octahedrally coordinated by S atoms. The distribution of vacancies is discussed in relation to other pyrrhotite-like compounds. The mineral name is for Dr. Demetrios Eliopoulos (1947–2019), a geoscientist at the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME) of Greece and his widow, Prof. Maria Eliopoulos (nee Economou, 1947), University of Athens, Greece, for their contributions to the knowledge of ore deposits of Greece and to the mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical studies of ophiolites, including the Othrys complex. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission of New Minerals, Nomenclature, and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (No. 2019-96).
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Zaccarini, Federica, Luca Bindi, Basilios Tsikouras, Tassos Grammatikopoulos, Christopher J. Stanley, and Giorgio Garuti. "Arsenotučekite, Ni18Sb3AsS16, a new mineral from the Tsangli chromitites, Othrys ophiolite, Greece." Mineralogy and Petrology 114, no. 5 (June 12, 2020): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-020-00712-0.
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Abstract Arsenotučekite, Ni18Sb3AsS16, is a new mineral discovered in the abandoned chromium mine of Tsangli, located in the eastern portion of the Othrys ophiolite complex, central Greece. Tsangli is one of the largest chromite deposit at which chromite was mined since 1870. The Tsangli chromitite occurs as lenticular and irregular bodies. The studied chromitites are hosted in a strongly serpentinized mantle peridotite. Arsenotučekite forms anhedral to subhedral grains that vary in size between 5 μm up to 100 μm, and occurs as single phase grains or is associated with pentlandite, breithauptite, gersdorffite and chlorite. It is brittle and has a metallic luster. In plane-polarized light, it is creamy-yellow, the bireflectance is barely perceptible and the pleochroism is weak. In crossed polarized reflected light, the anisotropic rotation tints vary from pale blue to brown. Internal reflections were not observed. Reflectance values of arsenotučekite in air (Ro, Re′ in %) are: 41.8–46.4 at 470 nm, 47.2–50.6 at 546 nm, 49.4–52.3 at 589 nm, and 51.3–53.2 at 650 nm. The empirical formula of arsenotučekite, based on 38 atoms per formula unit, and according to the structural results, is (Ni16.19Co1.01Fe0.83)Σ18.03Sb3(As0.67Sb0.32)Σ0.99S15.98. The mass density is 6.477 g·cm−3. The simplified chemical formula is (Ni,Co,Fe)18Sb3(As,Sb)S16. The mineral is tetragonal and belongs to space group I4/mmm, with a = 9.7856(3) Å, c = 10.7582(6) Å, V = 1030.2(6) Å3 and Z = 2. The structure is layered (stacking along the c-axis) and is dominated by three different Ni-coordination polyhedral, one octahedral and two cubic. The arsenotučekite structure can be considered as a superstructure of tučekite resulting from the ordering of Sb and As. The name of the new mineral species indicates the As-dominant of tučekite. Arsenotučekite occurs as rims partly replacing pentlandite and irregularly developed grains. Furthermore, it is locally associated with chlorite. These observations suggest that it was likely precipitated at relatively low temperatures during: 1) the late hydrothermal stages of the ore-forming process by reaction of Sb- and As-bearing solutions with magmatic sulfides such as pentlandite, or 2) during the serpentinization of the host peridotite. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission of New Minerals, Nomenclature, and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (number 2019–135).
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Kusumo, Suryo Hadi, Muthia Sakti, and Dwi Aryanti Ramadhani. "Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap Penamaan Menu Kopi Kekinian yang Menggunakan Nama Varian Khamr." Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v22i3.16774.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perlindungan konsumen terkait dengan penamaan menu kopi. Sertifikasi halal dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia mempunyai kedudukan yang sentral, karena termaktub dalam Undang-Undang No. 33 tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal. Perkembangan industri kopi dewasa ini erat dengan style anak muda. Tren tersebut berdampak pada menjamurnya usaha-usaha yang menyajikan beragam jenis kopi di masyarakat. Dalam penamaannya, pelaku usaha kopi kekinian banyak yang mencantumkan nama varian khamr. Kenyataanya, sebagian besar penamaan varian khamr justru hanya sebatas strategi pemasaran. Pelaku usaha kopi banyak menggunakan penamaan menu kopi menggunakan nama varian khamr lalu menyatakan atau mengklaim bahwa produknya halal. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian empiris normatif, maka diketahui bahwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia telah memberlakukan regulasi mengenai sertifikasi halal yang didalamnya mengatur menge-nai penamaan sebuah produk. Penamaan tersebut meliputi menu kopi kekinian yang mencantumkan nama varian khamr yang bersebrangan dengan Fatwa DSN MUI No. 4 Tahun 2003 tentang Sertifikasi Fatwa Halal. Dampak dari penggunaan nama varian khamr pada menu kopi salah satunya adalah pelaku usaha tidak dapat melakukan sertifikasi halal produknya untuk mendapatkan sertifikat halal. Consumers Protection of Labeling Coffee That Uses A Variant of Khamr This study aims to analyze consumer protection related to the naming of coffee menus. Halal certification in Indonesia's legal system is important as stipulated in Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Guarantee of Halal Products. Nowadays, the progressive development of coffee industry is closely related to the style of the youth. It’s give an impact on the increasing number of businesses that serve various kind of coffee. Some of modern coffee shops use the name of the khamr variant. ‘Labeling khamr variant is just for marketing strategy, but its claimedas halal product. This is a normative and empirical researchs. It shows that the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) has enacted a regulation regarding halal certification. This regulation also explained about the labeling of any kind of coffee which any vanriants of khamr, that is contradicetive ro Fatwa DSN MUI nomor 4/2003 On Halal Fatwa Certificarion. So, its is impossible to get halal certificate for any kind of coffe with labeling the khamr variant.
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Subbotin, Victor V., Anna Vymazalová, František Laufek, Yevgeny E. Savchenko, Chris J. Stanley, Dmitry A. Gabov, and Jakub Plášil. "Mitrofanovite, Pt3Te4, a new mineral from the East Chuarvy deposit, Fedorovo–Pana intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia." Mineralogical Magazine 83, no. 4 (October 3, 2018): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2018.150.
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AbstractMitrofanovite, Pt3Te4, is a new telluride discovered in low-sulfide disseminated ore in the East Chuarvy deposit, Fedorovo–Pana intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia. It forms anhedral grains (up to ~20 μm × 50 μm) commonly in intergrowths with moncheite in aggregates with lukkulaisvaaraite, kotulskite, vysotskite, braggite, keithconnite, rustenburgite and Pt–Fe alloys hosted by a chalcopyrite–pentlandite–pyrrhotite matrix. Associated silicates are: orthopyroxene, augite, olivine, amphiboles and plagioclase. Mitrofanovite is brittle; it has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. Mitrofanovite has a good cleavage, along {001}. In plane-polarised light, mitrofanovite is bright white with medium to strong bireflectance, slight pleochroism, and strong anisotropy on non-basal sections with greyish brown rotation tints; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values for the synthetic analogue of mitrofanovite in air (Ro, Re’ in %) are: 58.4, 54.6 at 470 nm; 62.7, 58.0 at 546 nm; 63.4, 59.1 at 589 nm; and 63.6, 59.5 at 650 nm. Fifteen electron-microprobe analyses of mitrofanovite gave an average composition: Pt 52.08, Pd 0.19, Te 47.08 and Bi 0.91, total 100.27 wt.%, corresponding to the formula (Pt2.91Pd0.02)Σ2.93(Te4.02Bi0.05)Σ4.07 based on 7 atoms; the average of eleven analyses on synthetic analogue is: Pt 52.57 and Te 47.45, total 100.02 wt.%, corresponding to Pt2.94Te4.06. The density, calculated on the basis of the formula, is 11.18 g/cm3. The mineral is trigonal, space group R$\overline 3 $m, with a = 3.9874(1), c = 35.361(1) Å, V = 486.91(2) Å3 and Z = 3. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray-diffraction data of synthetic Pt3Te4. Mitrofanovite is structurally and chemically related to moncheite (PtTe2). The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of synthetic mitrofanovite [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 11.790(23)(003), 5.891(100)(006), 2.851(26)(107), 2.137(16)(1013), 2.039(18)(0114), 1.574(24)(0120), 1.3098(21)(0027). The structural identity of natural mitrofanovite with synthetic Pt3Te4 was confirmed by electron backscatter diffraction measurements on the natural sample. The mineral name is chosen to honour Felix P. Mitrofanov, a Russian geologist who was among the first to discover platinum-group element mineralisation in the Fedorova–Pana complex.
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Ohyashiki, Michiyo, Junko H. Ohyashiki, Ayako Hirota, Chiaki Kobayashi, and Kazuma Ohyashiki. "Age-Related Decrease of Human CD8+ T-Cell Mir-92a Level Correlated with Reduction of naïve T Lymphocyte." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2186.2186.
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Abstract Abstract 2186 Background and Aim: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) consist of short noncoding RNA molecules of approximately 18–22 nucleotide that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by degradation or repression of mRNA molecules. The miR-17-92a cluster is known as a regulator of the immune system and is critical for lymphoid cellular development and tumorigenesis in lymphoid tissue. Most knowledge of the miR-17-92 cluster in normal and abnormal conditions of the lymphoid system is based on mouse experiments. It is suggested that the accumulation of activated CD4+ T cells by higher mir-17-92 expression leads to a breakdown of T-cell tolerance in the periphery and may promote B-cell activation, germinal center reaction and autoantibody generation. However, only limited reports on in vivo human lymphocyte senescence exist. We therefore set out to determine miR-92a levels in circulating lymphocytes obtained from healthy participants to ascertain the possible association between immunological condition and the expression level of miR-17-92. Experimental design: We separated lymphocytes from 21 healthy volunteers, aged 23 to 58 years (13 men and 8 women), for surface marker and miR-92a level analyses. The CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell fractions were separated with an isolation kit for humans (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and AutoMACS Pro Separator (Miltenyi Biotec), according to the supplier's instruction, and stored at −80°C until utilization. After separation of CD4+ or CD8+ cells, the miR-92a levels were measure, as reported previously (PLoS ONE. 2011, 24;6(2);e16408). Immunophenotyping was done with flow cytometry. Results: The miR-92a of separated CD8+ lymphocytes decreased significantly with age (P = 0.0002), and miR-92a in CD4+ cells tended to decrease with age (P = 0.0635). We found a positive correlation between CD8+ miR-92a expression level and the percentage of naive CD8+ T cells (RO−CD8+CD27+ cells (P = 0.0046)) with L-selectin antigen (CD3+CD8+CD62L+ (P = 0.0011)) in healthy subjects. This suggests that the miR-92a of a majority of CD8+ T is derived from naive CD8+ T cells with L-selectin antigen, and CD8+ miR-92a expression level declines progressively with age (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In CD4+ cells, we observed a trend of decreasing CD4+ miR-92a level with age, while no significant difference was notable with lymphocyte subset fraction as far as we tested. The index of CD8+ miR-92a values (CD8+ miR-92a×number of CD8 cells) was positively correlated with the index of CD4+ miR-92a values (P = 0.0101). Discussion: These results indicate an age-related reduction of naive T cells may link to miR-92a of T-lymphocytes and may influence immune dysfuction with age. In conclusion, our results suggest that the miR-92a level may represent attrition of naïve CD8+ T cells, possibly due to apoptosis of naïve T cells. Additionally down-regulation of the miR-92a level in individuals older than 40 years may indicate impairment or exhaustion of naïve T-cells linked to immune dysfunction and contributed disease states. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.