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1

Mezger, Uli, Claudia Jendrewski, and Michael Bartels. "Navigation in surgery." Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 398, no. 4 (February 22, 2013): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-013-1059-4.

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Takeuchi, H., T. Oyama, Y. Saikawa, T. Wada, T. Takahashi, N. Wada, R. Nakamura, et al. "Navigation Surgery for Esophageal Cancer." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 62, no. 2 (2011): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.62.122.

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Terada, Akihiro, Tetsuya Ogawa, Ikuo Hyodo, Kei Ijichi, Shinobu Arima, Atsushi Ando, Yasushi Suzuki, and Yasuhisa Hasegawa. "Sentinel lymph node navigation surgery." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 14, no. 1 (2004): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5106/jjshns.14.81.

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4

Zavattero, Emanuele, Stefano Viterbo, Giovanni Gerbino, and Guglielmo Ramieri. "Navigation-Aided Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 26, no. 1 (January 2015): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000001256.

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Zhang, Qi, Xiao-Guang Han, Yun-Feng Xu, Ming-Xing Fan, Jing-Wei Zhao, Ya-Jun Liu, Da He, and Wei Tian. "Robotic navigation during spine surgery." Expert Review of Medical Devices 17, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2020.1699405.

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Okada, Tomoaki, Kenji Kawada, Atsuhiko Sumii, Yoshiro Itatani, Koya Hida, Suguru Hasegawa, and Yoshiharu Sakai. "Stereotactic Navigation for Rectal Surgery." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 63, no. 5 (May 2020): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dcr.0000000000001608.

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7

Kuhnt, Daniela, Oliver Ganslandt, Michael Buchfelder, and Christopher Nimsky. "Multimodal Navigation in Glioma Surgery." Current Medical Imaging Reviews 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340510793205512.

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8

Altobelli, David E. "Intraoperative navigation in craniomaxillofacial surgery." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49, no. 8 (August 1991): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90580-f.

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9

Omay, S. Bulent, and Gene H. Barnett. "Surgical navigation for meningioma surgery." Journal of Neuro-Oncology 99, no. 3 (August 27, 2010): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-010-0359-6.

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10

Mizuno, Junichi, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Han-Soo Chang, Takahisa Yamada, Takeya Watabe, and Takashi Inukai. "The Placement of Spinal Instrumentation with Navigation-assisted Surgery." Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery 9, no. 11 (2000): 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7887/jcns.9.731.

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11

Yrysov, K. B. "The using of neuronavigation in vestibular schwannoma surgery." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 7, no. 5-2 (December 30, 2008): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2008-5-2-475-477.

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We described the experience of a microscope-based navigational system for opening of the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal (IAC) via the retrosigmoid route. Computed tomographic findings for 47 acoustic neuroma cases were divided into three groups, on the basis of the relationship between the labyrinth and the sigmoid-fundus line (medial,on the line,or lateral). The shortest distances between the most medial labyrinthine extension (MMLE) and the resection line were measured. In 20 acoustic neuroma operations, the different features and the practicality of the microscope-based navigational system for opening of the IAC were evaluated.The mean anatomic localization errors were (0,67 ± 0,2) mm for navigation to the IAC and (0,71 ± 0,37) mm for navigation to the posterior semicircular canal. The average distances between the MMLE and the resection line were 3,65; 3,36, and 2,0 mm for the lateral, on-the-line, and medial groups, respectively. Direct contouring of structures at risk does not take into account the localization error, nor does it provide reliable navigational information. A novel indirect contouring concept that takes into account the localization error (the safety corridor method) was therefore introduced.
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12

Thotappa, Lathadevi H. "Role of computer aided navigation system for surgical treatment of extensive sinonasal polyposis." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190444.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the study was to study the role of computer aided endoscopic sinus surgery for treatment of extensive sinonasal polyposis by comparing cases with and without navigation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study of 75 patients with extensive nasal polyposis attending outpatient section of department of ENT, BLDE University’s Sri BM Patil Medical College, Hospital, Vijaypur was done from January 2015 to December 2017. 37 cases were randomly subjected to surgery with navigation. Other group included 38 cases which underwent surgery without navigation. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 75 cases of which 39 were males and 36 females with an age range of 9-76 years. Patients were studied for preoperative and postoperative SNOT-22 symptom scores. These values showed significant improvement with p&lt;0.001. The comfort level of the surgeon intraoperatively was good in 89.18%, medium in 10.8% and bad in 0% cases in navigation guided surgeries. Whereas in surgeries without navigation, it was good in 78.9%, medium 10.52% and bad in 10.52% cases. Intraoperatively disease clearance adequacy was partial in 1 case (2.7%) and total in 36 cases (97.3%). In cases without navigation, the scores were 4 (10.5%) partially cleared, 34 (89.5%) totally cleared. No major (0%) and one minor complication, 1(3%) in surgery with navigation occurred. In group without navigation guided surgery, Major complication was 13% and minor was 11%. These values are indicative of P value 0.021.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The computer aided navigation guided surgery is a necessary tool in cases of extensive lesions like sinonasal polyposis.</p>
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Virk, Sohrab, and Sheeraz Qureshi. "Navigation in minimally invasive spine surgery." Journal of Spine Surgery 5, S1 (June 2019): S25—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jss.2019.04.23.

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14

Stebnev, V. S., S. D. Stebnev, I. V. Malov, and N. I. Skladchikova. "3D-navigation surgery of the lens." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2020-4-393-394.

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15

Hassfeld, Stefan, and Joachim Mühling. "Navigation in Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Surgery." Computer Aided Surgery 3, no. 4 (January 1998): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10929089809148143.

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16

Nakajima, Nobuyuki, Jun Wada, Christoph Ruetz, Simon DiMaio, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A. Jolesz, and Nobuhiko Hata. "Navigation Needs in Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery." Journal of Japan Society of Computer Aided Surgery 9, no. 2 (2007): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5759/jscas1999.9.85.

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17

Mavrogenis, Andreas F., Olga D. Savvidou, George Mimidis, John Papanastasiou, Dimitrios Koulalis, Nikolaos Demertzis, and Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos. "Computer-assisted Navigation in Orthopedic Surgery." Orthopedics 36, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20130724-10.

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18

Mimidis, George, Andreas F. Mavrogenis, Olga D. Savvidou, Christos Markopoulos, John Papanastasiou, Zinon T. Kokkalis, Dimitrios Koulalis, and Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos. "Computer-Assisted Navigation in Knee Surgery." Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants 22, no. 4 (2012): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2013007080.

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19

Shen, G. F., S. L. Zhang, C. T. Wang, and X. D. Wang. "Navigation-guided oral and maxillofacial surgery." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 38, no. 5 (May 2009): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.074.

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20

Shim, Byung Kwan, Ho Seong Shin, Seung Min Nam, and Yong Bae Kim. "Real-Time Navigation-Assisted Orthognathic Surgery." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 24, no. 1 (January 2013): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e318267bb76.

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21

Martin, Didier. "Navigation and robotics in spine surgery." Acta Chirurgica Belgica 120, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2020.1743497.

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22

Udhay, Priti, Kasturi Bhattacharjee, P. Ananthnarayanan, and Gangadhar Sundar. "Computer-assisted navigation in orbitofacial surgery." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 67, no. 7 (2019): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_807_18.

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23

Hassfeld, Stefan, and Joachim M�hling. "Navigation in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery." Computer Aided Surgery 3, no. 4 (1998): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0150(1998)3:4<183::aid-igs8>3.0.co;2-f.

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24

Hassfeld, Stefan, and Joachim Mühling. "Navigation in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery." Computer Aided Surgery 3, no. 4 (1998): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0150(1998)3:4<183::aid-igs8>3.3.co;2-6.

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25

Roncari, Andrea, Alberto Bianchi, Fulvia Taddei, Claudio Marchetti, Enrico Schileo, and Giovanni Badiali. "Navigation in Orthognathic Surgery: 3D Accuracy." Facial Plastic Surgery 31, no. 05 (November 18, 2015): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1564716.

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26

Nimsky, Christopher, Oliver Ganslandt, Daniel Weigel, and Michael Buchfelder. "Fiber Tract Navigation in Glioma Surgery." Neurosurgery 59, no. 2 (August 2006): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-200608000-00141.

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27

Shin, Ho Seong, and Min Sung Tak. "Real-Time Navigation Assisted Orthognathic Surgery." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 130 (November 2012): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000421825.23595.6e.

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28

Ali, Mohammad Javed, Milind N. Naik, Swathi Kaliki, and Tarjani Vivek Dave. "Interactive Navigation-Guided Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery." Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 32, no. 5 (2016): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iop.0000000000000736.

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29

Tian, Wei, Bo Liu, Da He, Yajun Liu, Xiaoguang Han, Jingwei Zhao, and Mingxing Fan. "Guidelines for navigation-assisted spine surgery." Frontiers of Medicine 14, no. 4 (July 17, 2020): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0775-8.

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30

Bobek, Samuel L. "Applications of Navigation for Orthognathic Surgery." Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America 26, no. 4 (November 2014): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coms.2014.08.003.

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31

Panchal, Neeraj, Laith Mahmood, Armando Retana, and Robert Emery. "Dynamic Navigation for Dental Implant Surgery." Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America 31, no. 4 (November 2019): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coms.2019.08.001.

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32

Shen, S. G. F. "Navigation-guided oral and maxillofacial surgery." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46 (March 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.014.

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33

Xudong, W., S. Guofang, Z. Shilei, Y. Ming, and W. Chengtao. "Navigation assisted temporomandibular joint reconstructive surgery." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 42, no. 10 (October 2013): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.467.

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34

Ito, Eiji, Masazumi Fujii, Yuichiro Hayashi, Jiang Zhengang, Tetsuya Nagatani, Kiyoshi Saito, Yugo Kishida, Kensaku Mori, and Toshihiko Wakabayashi. "Magnetically Guided 3-Dimensional Virtual Neuronavigation for Neuroendoscopic Surgery." Operative Neurosurgery 66, suppl_2 (June 1, 2010): ons342—ons353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000369659.19479.af.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE The authors have developed a novel intraoperative neuronavigation with 3-dimensional (3D) virtual images, a 3D virtual navigation system, for neuroendoscopic surgery. The present study describes this technique and clinical experience with the system. METHODS Preoperative imaging data sets were transferred to a personal computer to construct virtual endoscopic views with image segmentation software. An electromagnetic tracker was used to acquire the position and orientation of the tip of the neuroendo-scope. Virtual endoscopic images were interlinked to an electromagnetic tracking system and demonstrated on the navigation display in real time. Accuracy and efficacy of the 3D virtual navigation system were evaluated in a phantom test and on 5 consecutive patients undergoing neuroendoscopic surgery. RESULTS Virtual navigation views were consistent with actual endoscopic views and trajectory in both phantom testing and clinical neuroendoscopic surgery. Anatomic structures that can affect surgical approaches were adequately predicted with the virtual navigation system. The virtual semitransparent view contributed to a clear understanding of spatial relationships between surgical targets and surrounding structures. Surgical procedures in all patients were performed while confirming with virtual navigation. In neurosurgery with a flexible neuroscope, virtual navigation also demonstrated anatomic structures in real time. CONCLUSION The interactive method of intraoperative visualization influenced the decision-making process during surgery and provided useful assistance in identifying safe approaches for neuroendoscopic surgery. The magnetically guided navigation system enabled navigation of surgical targets in both rigid and flexible endoscopic surgeries.
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35

Scholz, M., M. Hardenack, W. Konen, B. Fricke, M. von Düring, L. Heuser, and A. G. Harders. "Navigation in neuroendoscopy." Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies 8, no. 5 (January 1999): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13645709909153180.

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36

Marglani, Osama. "The image guided navigation surgery in endoscopic endonasal surgery." Saudi Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 14, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1319-8491.274785.

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37

Burström, Gustav, Oscar Persson, Erik Edström, and Adrian Elmi-Terander. "Augmented reality navigation in spine surgery: a systematic review." Acta Neurochirurgica 163, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-021-04708-3.

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Abstract Background Conventional spinal navigation solutions have been criticized for having a negative impact on time in the operating room and workflow. AR navigation could potentially alleviate some of these concerns while retaining the benefits of navigated spine surgery. The objective of this study is to summarize the current evidence for using augmented reality (AR) navigation in spine surgery. Methods We performed a systematic review to explore the current evidence for using AR navigation in spine surgery. PubMed and Web of Science were searched from database inception to November 27, 2020, for data on the AR navigation solutions; the reported efficacy of the systems; and their impact on workflow, radiation, and cost-benefit relationships. Results In this systematic review, 28 studies were included in the final analysis. The main findings were superior workflow and non-inferior accuracy when comparing AR to free-hand (FH) or conventional surgical navigation techniques. A limited number of studies indicated decreased use of radiation. There were no studies reporting mortality, morbidity, or cost-benefit relationships. Conclusions AR provides a meaningful addition to FH surgery and traditional navigation methods for spine surgery. However, the current evidence base is limited and prospective studies on clinical outcomes and cost-benefit relationships are needed.
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38

Hersh, Andrew, Smruti Mahapatra, Carly Weber-Levine, Tolulope Awosika, John N. Theodore, Hesham M. Zakaria, Ann Liu, Timothy F. Witham, and Nicholas Theodore. "Augmented Reality in Spine Surgery: A Narrative Review." HSS Journal®: The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery 17, no. 3 (July 14, 2021): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15563316211028595.

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Augmented reality (AR) navigation refers to novel technologies that superimpose images, such as radiographs and navigation pathways, onto a view of the operative field. The development of AR navigation has focused on improving the safety and efficacy of neurosurgical and orthopedic procedures. In this review, the authors focus on 3 types of AR technology used in spine surgery: AR surgical navigation, microscope-mediated heads-up display, and AR head-mounted displays. Microscope AR and head-mounted displays offer the advantage of reducing attention shift and line-of-sight interruptions inherent in traditional navigation systems. With the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s recent clearance of the XVision AR system (Augmedics, Arlington Heights, IL), the adoption and refinement of AR technology by spine surgeons will only accelerate.
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Vabulas, Mark, Vinodh A. Kumar, Jackson D. Hamilton, Juan J. Martinez, Ganesh Rao, Raymond Sawaya, and Sujit S. Prabhu. "Real-Time Atlas-Based Stereotactic Neuronavigation." Neurosurgery 74, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000199.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Surgery for tumors in eloquent brain faces immense challenges when attempting to maximize resection and avoid neurological deficits. OBJECTIVE: In order to give the surgeon real-time atlas-based anatomic information linked to the patient's anatomy, we developed a software-based interface between deformable anatomic templates (DATs) and an intraoperative navigation system. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging, and/or functional MRI were performed on 3 patients preoperatively for the purposes of tumor resection by the use of neuronavigation. The DAT was registered to the patients' navigation coordinate system and utilized coordinates from the navigation system during surgery. This provided the surgeon with a list of proximal anatomic and functional structures and a real-time image of the atlas at that location fused to the patient's MRI. The clinical feasibility of this approach was evaluated during the resection of 3 eloquent tumors (right postcentral gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left occipital cuneus gyrus). RESULTS: Tumor resection was performed successfully in all 3 patients. With the use of the coordinates from the navigation system, anatomic and functional structures and their distances were visualized interactively during tumor resection by using the DAT. CONCLUSION: This is a proof of concept that an interactive atlas-based navigation can provide detailed anatomic and functional information that supplements MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI. The atlas-based navigation generated distances to important anatomic structures from the navigation probe tip. It can be used to guide direct electrical stimulation and highlight areas to avoid during tumor resection.
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40

Agrawal, Manish, Pooja Arya, Deepchand Meghwal, Vivek Samor, Gaurav Gupta, and Vijay Kumar. "Role of navigation system in functional endoscopic sinus surgery." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20203204.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a challenging procedure for otorhinolaryngologists. Navigation can reassure the surgeon’s judgement and enhance surgical performance and prevent complication. The study done with aim of comparison between FESS with navigation and conventional FESS and explore other indication of navigation in endoscopic sinus surgery in difficult clinical scenario.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a cross-sectional study on patients with sino-nasal disease. 100 patients in whom the ability to identify surgical site is assumed to be compromised by various conditions like previous surgery, massive/ recurrent polyposis, front oethmoidal mucocele, frontal, sphenoid sinus disease were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups, group A (50 patients) FESS with navigation and group B (50 patients) conventional FESS. Pre-operative preparation time, intraoperative time, blood loss (Fromme–Boezzaart scoring), surgeon satisfaction, patient satisfaction (SNOT-20), complications were documented on a preformed, pretested proforma. Equipments used were –StealthStation S7 system, CD for recording intraoperative findings. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Preoperative preparation time duration was applicable for group A only. Intraoperative time was slightly and insignificantly higher in group A. Blood loss according to Fromme-Boezzaart scoring had lesser scoring values in group A and difference among gradings was statistically insignificant. Surgeons satisfaction and confidence was statistically significant higher in group A. The SNOT-20 score values were lower and insignificant in group A.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> FESS with navigation is more convenient to surgeon, appears to be safer tool.</p>
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41

Tanaka, Yoji, Tadashi Nariai, Toshiya Momose, Masaru Aoyagi, Taketoshi Maehara, Toshiki Tomori, Yoshikazu Yoshino, et al. "Glioma surgery using a multimodal navigation system with integrated metabolic images." Journal of Neurosurgery 110, no. 1 (January 2009): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.4.17569.

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Object A multimodal neuronavigation system using metabolic images with PET and anatomical images from MR images is described here for glioma surgery. The efficacy of the multimodal neuronavigation system was evaluated by comparing the results with that of the conventional navigation system, which routinely uses anatomical images from MR and CT imaging as guides. Methods Thirty-three patients with cerebral glioma underwent 36 operations with the aid of either a multimodal or conventional navigation system. All of the patients were preliminarily examined using PET with l-methyl-[11C] methionine (MET) for surgical planning. Seventeen of the operations were performed with the multimodal navigation system by integrating the MET-PET images with anatomical MR images. The other 19 operations were performed using a conventional navigation system based solely on MR imaging. Results The multimodal navigation system proved to be more useful than the conventional navigation system in determining the area to be resected by providing a clearer tumor boundary, especially in cases of recurrent tumor that had lost a normal gyral pattern. The multimodal navigation system was therefore more effective than the conventional navigation system in decreasing the mass of the tumor remnant in the resectable portion. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the multimodal navigation system–guided surgery benefited patient survival significantly more than the conventional navigation–guided surgery (p = 0.016, odds ratio 0.52 [95% confidence interval 0.29–0.88]). Conclusions The authors' preliminary intrainstitutional comparison between the 2 navigation systems suggested the possible premise of multimodal navigation. The multimodal navigation system using MET-PET fusion imaging is an interesting technique that may prove to be valuable in the future.
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Chang, C. M., K. M. Fang, T. W. Huang, C. T. Wang, and P. W. Cheng. "Three-dimensional analysis of the surface registration accuracy of electromagnetic navigation systems in live endoscopic sinus surgery." Rhinology journal 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino12.165.

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Background: Studies on the performance of surface registration with electromagnetic tracking systems are lacking in both live surgery and the laboratory setting. This study presents the efficiency in time of the system preparation as well as the navigational accuracy of surface registration using electromagnetic tracking systems. Methodology: Forty patients with bilateral chronic paranasal pansinusitis underwent endoscopic sinus surgery after undergoing sinus computed tomography scans. The surgeries were performed under electromagnetic navigation guidance after the surface registration had been carried out on all of the patients. The intraoperative measurements indicate the time taken for equipment set-up, surface registration and surgical procedure, as well as the degree of navigation error along 3 axes. Results: The time taken for equipment set-up, surface registration and the surgical procedure was 179 +- 23 seconds, 39 +- 4.8 seconds and 114 +- 36 minutes, respectively. A comparison of the navigation error along the 3 axes showed that the deviation in the medial-lateral direction was significantly less than that in the anterior-posterior and cranial-caudal directions. Conclusion: The procedures of equipment set-up and surface registration in electromagnetic navigation tracking are efficient, convenient and easy to manipulate. The system accuracy is within the acceptable ranges, especially on the medial-lateral axis.
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43

Schipper, Joerg, Wolfgang Maier, Iakovos Arapakis, Uwe Spetzger, and R. Laszig. "Navigation as a tool to visualize bone-covered hidden structures in transfrontal approaches." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 118, no. 11 (November 2004): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215042703651.

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A retrospective analysis of 10 patients was performed to evaluate navigation systems in extranasal frontal skull base surgery. When performing a craniotomy following a bicoronal skin incision, the surgeon has to calculate the extent of the frontal sinus to avoid unnecessary damage to the dura or mucoceles later. Due to surgical morbidity including compression of the frontal lobe, many skull base surgeons have refused to use such an approach. Malformation or bone-destruction complicates the identification of the borders and increases the risk ofside-effects. Navigation systems can be an alternative for calculating the frontal sinus outlines during surgery. In the authors’ surgical procedure two different navigation systems were used. Conventional surgery using the transfrontal, transbasal or subcranial approach consisting of trepanation and craniotomy were performed, while the navigated surgical procedure was evaluated.The analysis showed that computer-assisted surgery (CAS) is applicable to extranasal frontalskull base surgery. In comparison to X-ray beam-controlled craniotomy, CAS is beneficial as it constitutes a noninvasive instrument of quality management. Furthermore, the analysis indicatedthat under the guidance of a navigation system a precise pre-surgical simulation is available in order to perform an optimal craniotomy and reconstruction of the frontal skull base.
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44

Dong, Feinan, Guifen Li, and Manas Panigrahi. "A Comparative Study of Application Effects Between Coordinate Paper Positioning Assisted Probe Navigation and Probe Navigation in Glioma Surgery." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3102.

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Objective: To compare the effect of coordinate paper positioning assisted probe navigation and probe navigation in glioma surgery. Methods: 20 patients with glioma probe navigation coordinate paper positioning assisted probe navigation group (Test group). The patients were treated with probe navigation and coordinate paper positioning assisted probe navigation, respectively. Result: We made a comparison and found in the Test group was significantly reduced and the resection rate of tumors was significantly increased. The KPS (Karnofsky Performance Status) score in the Test group was significantly increased in 1–6 months. Conclusion: Compared with probe navigation, coordinate paper positioning assisted probe navigation is more effective in glioma surgery, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Yamamoto, Shinsuke, Shigeo Hara, and Toshihiko Takenobu. "A Splint-to-CT Data Registration Strategy for Maxillary Navigation Surgery." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020 (December 4, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8871148.

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Computer-assisted navigation plays an important role in modern craniomaxillofacial surgery. Although headpins and skull posts are widely used for the fixation of the reference frame, they require the use of invasive procedures. Headbands are easily displaced intraoperatively, thus reducing the accuracy of the surgical outcome. This study reported the utility of a novel splint integrated with a reference frame and registration markers for maxillary navigation surgery. A maxillary splint with a 10 cm resin handle was fabricated before surgery, to fix the reference frame to the splint. The splint was set after the incorporation of fiducial gutta-percha markers into both the splint and resin handle for marker-based pair-point registration. A computed tomography (CT) scan was acquired for preoperative CT-based planning. A marker-based pair-point registration procedure can be completed easily and noninvasively using this custom-made integrated splint, and maxillary navigation surgery can be performed with high accuracy. This method also provides maximum convenience for the surgeon, as the splint does not require reregistration, and can be removed temporarily when required. The splint-to-CT data registration strategy has potential applicability not only for maxillary surgery but also for otolaryngologic surgery, neurosurgery, and surgical repair after craniofacial trauma.
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46

Nolte, L. P. "3D imaging, planning, navigation." Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies 12, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645700310013187.

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47

Cao, C. G. L. "Guiding navigation in colonoscopy." Surgical Endoscopy 21, no. 3 (October 20, 2006): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-006-9000-3.

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48

Czako, L., D. Hirjak, K. Simko, A. Thurzo, A. Janovszky, and B. Galis. "3D navigation in surgery of Eagle syndrome." Bratislava Medical Journal 120, no. 07 (2019): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/bll_2019_078.

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49

Kinneresh, Dr RVSSK, and Dr P. Bharath Kumar. "Navigation guided surgery: Precision in implant dentistry." International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/oral.2020.v6.i4c.1062.

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Morikawa, Shigehiro, Toshiro Inubushi, Yoshimasa Kurumi, Akihiko Shiino, Koichiro Sato, Koichi Demura, Hasnine A. Haque, Junichi Tokuda, and Nobuhiko Hata. "Navigation Surgery Using an Open MR System." Journal of Japan Society of Computer Aided Surgery 6, no. 2 (2004): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5759/jscas1999.6.79.

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