Academic literature on the topic 'Nawrūz (Festival)'

Although Persia played a major role as an archetypal culture, traditional scholarship holds that it degenerated into a “lost civilization,” and only its intermediary role between Eastern and Western civilizations has been recognized. Even so, the customs and ritual ceremonies of Persia, particularly as seen in the festival of Nawruz (the New Year Festival), have the oldest cultural roots in the world, and their influence is still prevalent globally. There is a need to rediscover Persian civilization and culture, which has been pushed to the margins, to reinterpret its symbols, and to restore its position as an archetype. This paper utilizes the festival of Nawruz as a primary example of the lasting influence of Persian culture, as seen in the Iranian Festival of Fire, symbolism in certain numbers and rituals, and the correlation of several ritual images from ancient Persia to their more contemporary counterparts in Korea and other Asian regions. Keywords: Persian culture, Nawruz festival, Korea, East Asian History, Symbolism of the Numbers, Significance of the Two Fishes, Festival of Fire

Study of noise pollution (NSP) is an important subject due to its environmental and health impacts. If the levels of noise prove to be above health criteria, it’s possibility that it may contribute to short and long term physiological & psychological harmful effects. This study aimed to determining the spatial & temporal levels of NSP produced during Nowruz festival (NZFS) in Dahok city (DKC), Iraq, for 4 consecutive years (2016-2019), and comparing the noise levels during these periods. Also to identify possible sources of noise to assist in analysis NSP problematic areas & determine if city noise criterion are exceeded. The noise level measurements was conducted using sound level meter in 3 different areas in DKC. In Nawruz Eve, 2019, noise reached 102, 92.6, & 70.2 dB in Residential, Commercial, & Silence Zones respectively. The overall study suggests that the city is gradually hurtling towards high noise ambience, Most of the results obtained in this work are above the limits allowed both internationally (i.e. WHO) & locally. This is due to certain erroneous practices in daily activities during NZFS, spread of electrical generators, as well as heavy traffic in the city. Also, this work could be help to publicize awareness about NSP among the people.

С целью изучения народных календарно-астрономических знаний жителей Республики Таджикистан летом 2022 г. была проведена этнографическая экспедиция по долине реки Зеравшан. Было опрошено 39 информаторов-таджиков из 23 кишлаков в Горно-Матчинском, Айнинском и Педжикентском районах, территория которых находится в долине р. Зеравшан. Собранный материал показал достаточно высокий уровень традиционных астрономических знаний населения. В Пенджикентском районе, где имеются компактные поселения этнических узбеков, знания существенно хуже и в основном ограничиваются остаточными сведениями, полученными в советской средней школе. На Зеравшане отмечают четыре народных праздника, связанных с сельским хозяйством: Навруз — Новый год, Джуфт Баророн — праздник первой запашки, Сада – окончание зимней чилли (50 дней и 50 ночей до Навруза) и Мехргон — праздник сбора урожая. Наиболее значимым из них является Навруз, а Сада и Мехргон, хотя и получили в последнее время статус общегосударственных, особенным образом не отмечаются. В восприятии населения они являются обычными выходными днями. Неожиданным фактом, который не укладывается в известные календарные схемы, оказалось то, что празднование Навруза существенно отличается от даты весеннего равноденствия, с которой обычно его связывают. Так, в некоторых кишлаках его отмечают с 5 по 10 марта, а в еще в одном – 12 марта. Это на 9–16 дней раньше весеннего равноденствия. В других кишлаках он празднуется в среднем позже равноденствия — с 17 по 30 марта или с 14 по 31 марта. Из звезд местное население лучше всего знает Сириус, который имеет в долине Зеравшана двойное название. От верховьев реки до кишлаков Кудишар и Пастигав звезду называют «Сармо» (морозная звезда), а западнее, начиная с кишлака Падрог, ее называют «Ситораи хунук» (холодная звезда), как и в других селениях Таджикистана, сведения о которых имеются. Кроме того, жителям известен астеризм «Семь братьев», который иногда отождествляют с Плеядами, а иногда с созвездием Большой Медведицы. In order to study the folk calendar and astronomical knowledge of the inhabitants of the Republic of Tajikistan, an ethnographic expedition was carried out along the valley of the Zeravshan River in the summer of 2022. We interviewed thirty-eight Tajik informants from twenty-three villages in the Gornaya-Matcha, Aini and Penjikent regions, where the Zeravshan River passes. The collected material shows a fairly high level of folk astronomical knowledge. In the Penjikent region, where ethnic Uzbeks live compactly, knowledge is significantly lower and is mainly limited to residual information obtained in the Soviet secondary school. Zeravshan settlers celebrate four folk holidays related to agriculture: Nawruz — the New year, Juft Baroron — the holiday of the first plowing, Sada — the end of the winter chilya (50 days and 50 nights before Nawruz) and Mekhrgon — the harvest festival. The most significant of them is Nawruz. Sada and Mehrgon, although they have recently received the status of national holidays, are not celebrated in a special way. For the population, they are ordinary days off. An unexpected fact that does not fit into the known calendar schemes is that Nawruz is not celebrated on the day of the vernal equinox, with which it is usually associated. Rather, in some villages it is celebrated from March 5 to March 10, and in other – on March 12. These dates are 9–16 days before the equinox. In some villages, it is celebrated after the equinox – from 17 to 30 March or from 14 to 31 March. Of all the stars, the local population of Zeravshan River knows Sirius best of all. It has a double name there. From the upper reaches of the river to the villages of Kudishar and Pastigav, the star is called “Sarmo” (frost star), and to the west, starting from the village of Padrog, it is called “Sitorai Hunuk” (cold star), as in other villages of Tajikistan which we know about. In addition, the Seven Brothers asterism is known. Sometimes it is identified with the Pleiades, and sometimes with the constellation Ursa Major.

Purpose of the study: Hospitality and tourism is a promising sector for growth of the Economy in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Every year a massive number of tourists visit the region during Nawroz and Eid –ul-Adha festival seasons. The region is fairly modern and possesses several tourist destinations including site seeing, religious tourism and historical tourism etc. Kurdistan Regional Statistics Office published a report on region’s economy that consists of number of foreign individuals, who visited Kurdistan region categorized into Arab and Non-Arab visitors category provides a clear picture that the region is not only an attraction for holiday but also for other type of tourism. Therefore we wish to learn customers opinion about satisfaction from service quality of the selected hotels. The study will be used to share key information with the hotel in Sulaimaniyah city.Methodology: To understand the determinants of service quality that is most shot for by the individuals we have conducted a survey of selected five star hotels in Sulamaniyah. The sample size for this study was a small sample which was 50 respondents. We used purposive sampling. For data analysis we used SPSS software package for social sciences. Main Findings: We observed from the majority responses that Room service, delivery time, behavior of hotel staff, a nice welcome on arrival, variety of food and beverage are some of the important parameters on which customers decide to rate a hotel. The customers do not have much interest in modern furniture facilities as per this study result. Application of the study: In the nutshell hospitality and tourism sector has huge potential for job creation given the fact the region has well-educated and well groomed young population ready to be employed in the region’s growing tourism industry, this research will help the hotels to provide better services to satisfy the customer.