Journal articles: 'Naxi (langue)'

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Michaud, Alexis, and He Likun 和丽昆. "Phonemic and Tonal Analysis of the Pianding Dialect of Naxi (Dadong County, Lijiang Municipality)." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 44, no. 1 (2015): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00441p01.

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This article sets out a phonemic and tonal analysis of the second author’s native language: the (heretofore undescribed) Naxi dialect spoken in the village of Pianding (Dadong County, Lijiang Municipality, Yunnan). A distributional inventory brings out two pairs of phonemes that are of special interest to Naxi dialectology: (i) two apicalized vowels, /ɿ̟/and /ɿ̠/, and (ii) two rhotic vowels, /ɚ/ and /ɯ˞/, instead of only one apicalized vowel and one rhotic vowel in Old Town Naxi, the best-described dialect to date. These observations confirm and complement reports from other dialects; information on the lexical distribution of these conservative oppositions enriches the empirical basis for comparative–historical studies within the Naish subgroup of Sino–Tibetan. In the course of the discussion, observations about the Pianding dialect are placed in cross-dialect perspective; this article can thus serve as an introduction to key aspects of Naxi phonemics. Cet article présente une analyse des phonèmes et des tons de la langue maternelle du second auteur: le dialecte naxi (non décrit jusqu’ici) du village de Pianding (comté de Dadong, municipalité de Lijiang, Yunnan). Un inventaire distributionnel fait ressortir deux paires de phonèmes qui présentent un intérêt particulier pour la dialectologie naxi: deux voyelles apicales, /ɿ̟/ et /ɿ̠/, et deux voyelles rhotiques, /ɚ/ et /ɯ˞/, là où le dialecte de la vieille ville de Lijiang (Dayanzhen) – le dialecte le mieux décrit à ce jour – ne présente qu’une voyelle apicalisée et une voyelle rhotique. La distribution lexicale de ces oppositions conservatrices, qui avaient déjà été signalées dans d’autres dialectes, est ici exposée en détail, ce qui consolide la base empirique nécessaire à l’étude de la phonologie historique du groupe des langues naish. Au fil de l’exposé, les caractéristiques du parler de Pianding sont comparées à celles d’autres dialectes, de sorte que le présent article peut servir d’introduction aux problématiques centrales de la phonologie du naxi.

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Förster, Hans. "Der lange Schatten eines „Nazi-Professors“." Kirche und Israel 36, no. 1 (2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/kiis.2021.36.1.45.

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Cohen, Esther. "Raconter : témoigner face au silence de la langue." Raconter, no. 2 (August 9, 2011): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005457ar.

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Cet article aborde le problème de la crise de la narration qui se produit pendant la Première et Seconde Guerres mondiales, en s’appuyant sur les oeuvres de Primo Levi et Paul Celan, afin de déceler la réponse stratégique que l’on peut donner à cette crise. Leur réponse consiste en un « amenuisement de la langue » qui s’oppose à « l’abréviation du langage » propre au totalitarisme nazi.

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Hindman, Neil, Imre Leader, and Dona Strauss. "SEPARATING MILLIKEN–TAYLOR SYSTEMS WITH NEGATIVE ENTRIES." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 46, no. 1 (2003): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001309150200010x.

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AbstractGiven a finite sequence $\bm{a}=\langle a_i\rangle_{i=1}^n$ in $\mathbb{N}$ and a sequence $\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty$ in $\mathbb{N}$, the Milliken–Taylor system generated by $\bm{a}$ and $\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty$ is\begin{multline*} \qquad \mathrm{MT}(\bm{a},\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)=\biggl\{\sum_{i=1}^na_i\cdot\sum_{t\in F_i}x_t:F_1,F_2,\dots,F_n\text{ are finite non-empty} \\[-8pt] \text{subsets of $\mathbb{N}$ with }\max F_i\lt\min F_{i+1}\text{ for }i\ltn\biggr\}.\qquad \end{multline*}It is known that Milliken–Taylor systems are partition regular but not consistent. More precisely, if $\bm{a}$ and $\bm{b}$ are finite sequences in $\mathbb{N}$, then, except in trivial cases, there is a partition of $\mathbb{N}$ into two cells, neither of which contains $\mathrm{MT}(\bm{a},\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)\cup \mathrm{MT}(\bm{b},\langle y_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)$ for any sequences $\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty$ and $\langle y_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty$.Our aim in this paper is to extend the above result to allow negative entries in $\bm{a}$ and $\bm{b}$. We do so with a proof which is significantly shorter and simpler than the original proof which applied only to positive coefficients. We also derive some results concerning the existence of solutions of certain linear equations in $\beta\mathbb{Z}$. In particular, we show that the ability to guarantee the existence of $\mathrm{MT}(\bm{a},\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)\cup \mathrm{MT}(\bm{b},\langle y_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)$ in one cell of a partition is equivalent to the ability to find idempotents $p$ and $q$ in $\beta\mathbb{N}$ such that $a_1\cdot p+a_2\cdot p+\cdots+a_n\cdot p=b_1\cdot q+b_2\cdot q+\cdots+b_m\cdot q$, and thus determine exactly when the latter has a solution.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 05D10. Secondary 22A15; 54H13

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Michaud, Alexis, and He Xueguang. "Reassociated tones and coalescent syllables in Naxi (Tibeto-Burman)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37, no. 3 (2007): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510030700309x.

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The Western dialect of Naxi has four lexical tones: High, Mid, Low and Rising; the latter is rare in the lexicon. Rising contours on monosyllables are frequent in connected speech, however, as a result of a process of syllable reduction: reduction of a morpheme carrying the High tone results in re-association of its tone to the syllable that precedes it in the sentence, creating a rising contour. An experiment (with one speaker and five listeners) establishes that there is not only one rising contour that originates in tonal reassociation, as reported in earlier descriptions, but two: Low-to-High and Mid-to-High – as could be expected by analogy with phenomena observed in Niger-Congo languages and elsewhere. A second set of experiments (same speaker; six listeners) investigates the reduction of Mid- and Low-tone syllables: they reduce to [] and [], respectively, and coalesce with the preceding syllable (in Naxi, syllabic structure is simply consonant + glide + vowel). Unlike High-tone syllable reduction, this process stops short of complete tonal de-linking. These experiments aim to provide a complete picture of syllable reduction patterns in Naxi. It is argued that the notions of floating tones and tonal reassociation can be usefully applied to the Naxi data.

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MICHAUD, Alexis, and Alexis MICHAUD. "Phonemic and tonal analysis of Yongning Na*." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 37, no. 2 (2008): 159–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1960602808x00064.

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The Na language spoken in the village of Yongning, close to the border between Yunnan and Sichuan, has been classified as an Eastern Naxi dialect in the pioneering survey conducted by Chinese linguists. It is also referred to as 'Mosuo'. The phonemic and tonal analysis presented here on the basis of first-hand fieldwork aims to serve as a basis for linguistic documentation and research, from the accurate transcription of recorded materials to fine-grained synchronic and diachronic investigations. The ultimate aim is an in-depth understanding of Na, Naxi and other closely related language varieties, including an account of their historical relationships and their links with other Tibeto-Burman languages.

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El Ishaq, Ropingi. "Pesan-Pesan Dakwah dalam Film 3 Idiots." Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies 10, no. 2 (2016): 290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v10i2.1556.

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The 3 Idiots is a movie of India. This movie has launched at 2009th and as a favorite movies in Bollywood. The 3 Idiots get appreciate of international movies. It’s movies adopt from best seller of novel by Chetan Bhagat, “Five Point Someone”. The 3 Idiots bring the social criticism about social and cultural, like about social value. By that argue, this study aims to explore the sign and message of Islamic value in the movies. Qualitative approach used in this study. Specially, semiotic analysis of Ferdinand De Saussure use in this study. Both point of Ferdinand De Saussure semiotic are; signifier and Signified, Langue and Parole, so Syntagmatic and Associative. For message analysis of da’wa will be doing to explore an message of da’wa in the movies. It’s movies share an five message of da’wa; first, theologies as such represented how to motivate about awareness to God. Second, about the education, as such the criticism for education system. Thirt, the solidarity. In solidarity does explore how to help to brother or friends. Fourd, a harmony of religiousity. Five, amar ma’ruf nahi munkar or the motivated to do the possitive value and then be counter to negative value. The messages did constructed as beautifully. Signifier and signified or symbol had used to represent of meaning. The langue and parole has constructed with syntagmatic and association for to present the grand message, as such ‘idiots attitude’. All signs constructed systematically and beautifully. So, the audience can to get the meaning.

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Grimsted, Patricia Kennedy. "A Goudstikker van Goyen in Gdańsk: A Case Study of Nazi-Looted Art in Poland." International Journal of Cultural Property 27, no. 1 (2020): 53–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739120000016.

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Abstract:This article traces the provenance and migration of a painting by Jan van Goyen (1595–1656), River Landscape with a Swineherd, from the Jacques Goudstikker Collection and now in Gdańsk Muzeum Narodowe. After the “red-flag sale” of the Goudstikker Collection in July 1940 to German banker Alois Miedl, and then to Hermann Göring, this painting—after its sale on Berlin’s Lange Auction in December 1940 to Hitler’s agent Almas-Dietrich—was returned to Miedl-Goudstikker in Amsterdam. Miedl then sold it (with two other Dutch paintings) to the Nazi Gauleiter of Danzig, Albert Forster, among many wartime Dutch acquisitions for the Municipal Museum (Stadtmuseum). Evacuated to Thuringia and captured by a Soviet trophy brigade, it thus avoided postwar Dutch claims. Returned to Poland from the Hermitage in 1956, it was exhibited in the Netherlands and the United States (despite its Goudstikker label). Tracing its wartime and postwar odyssey highlights the transparent provenance research needed for Nazi-era acquisitions, especially in former National Socialist (NS) Germanized museums in countries such as Poland, where viable claims procedures for Holocaust victims and heirs are still lacking. This example of many “missing” Dutch paintings sold to NS-era German museums in cities that became part of postwar Poland, raises several important issues deserving attention in provenance research for still-displaced Nazi-looted art.

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Jacques, Guillaume, and Alexis Michaud. "Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded Sino-Tibetan languages." Diachronica 28, no. 4 (2011): 468–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.4.02jac.

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Naxi, Na and Laze are three languages whose position within Sino-Tibetan is controversial. We propose that they are descended from a common ancestor (‘Proto-Naish’). Unlike conservative languages of the family, such as Rgyalrong and Tibetan, which have consonant clusters and final consonants, Naxi, Na and Laze share a simple syllabic structure (consonant+glide+vowel+tone) due to phonological erosion. This raises the issue of how the regular phonological correspondences between these three languages should be interpreted, and what phonological structure should be reconstructed for Proto-Naish. The regularities revealed by comparing the three languages are interpreted in light of potential cognates in conservative languages. This brings out numerous cases of phonetic conditioning of vowels by place of articulation of a preceding consonant or consonant cluster. Overall, these findings warrant a relatively optimistic conclusion concerning the feasibility of unraveling the phonological history of highly eroded language subgroups within Sino-Tibetan.

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Poupard, Duncan. "Translation as logocentric imperialism: Tackling the Naxi texts of southwest China." Translation Studies 13, no. 1 (2019): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2019.1604257.

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DOW, JAMES R. "Nazi-Deutsch/Nazi German: An English Lexicon of the Language of the Third Reich.:Nazi-Deutsch/Nazi German: An English Lexicon of the Language of the Third Reich." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 14, no. 2 (2004): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2004.14.2.292.

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Schröter, Melani. "How words behave in other languages." Anglo-German Discourse Crossings and Contrasts 9, no. 1 (2018): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.16027.sch.

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Abstract This paper undertakes a systematic investigation into the use of German Nazi vocabulary in English. Nazi vocabulary is checked for frequency of occurrence in a large web corpus of English and then, where it occurs, for reference to Nazi discourse. Next, its frequency is compared to similar French and German web corpora, showing whether or not the use of Nazi vocabulary outside German is unique to English and whether or not its current usage differs between German and the borrowing languages. Finally, the use of two words that occur with similar frequencies in all three languages – judenrein and Blitzkrieg – and of two words that occur there with the highest difference in frequency – Anschluss and Lebensraum – is investigated in detail by means of the Sketch Engine corpus tool, including an analysis of collocations which indicate contexts of usage. The results can inform further research into lexical borrowing by demonstrating that borrowed words may be used in ways that differ notably from their use in the donor language.

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Michaud, Alexis. "Three extreme cases of neutralisation : nasality, retroflexion and lip-rounding in Naxi." Cahiers de linguistique - Asie orientale 35, no. 1 (2006): 23–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/clao.2006.1746.

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Blanchette, Frances, and Chris Collins. "On the Subject of Negative Auxiliary Inversion." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 64, no. 1 (2018): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2018.22.

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AbstractThis article presents a novel analysis ofNegative Auxiliary Inversion(NAI) constructions such asdidn't many people eat, in which a negated auxiliary appears in pre-subject position. NAI, found in varieties including Appalachian, African American, and West Texas English, has a word order identical to a yes/no question, but is pronounced and interpreted as a declarative. We propose that NAI subjects are negative DPs, and that the negation raises from the subject DP to adjoin to Fin (a functional head in the left periphery). Three properties of NAI motivate this analysis: (i) scope freezing effects, (ii) the various possible and impossible NAI subject types, and (iii) the incompatibility of NAI constructions with true Double-Negation interpretations. Implications for theories of Negative Concord, Negative Polarity Items, and the representation of negation are discussed.

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Ritchie, J. M. "The Nazi Book-Burning." Modern Language Review 83, no. 3 (1988): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3731288.

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Chrobak, Marzena, and Marta Paleczna. "Communication en langues étrangères avec les visiteurs d’un lieu de mémoire : un sujet périphérique des études de traduction." Romanica Wratislaviensia 68 (July 16, 2021): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665.68.5.

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After some general remarks on a contemporary basic map of Translation Studies, we present the results of a research on a peripherical topic in the field Interpretation Studies: interpreting in a museum setting. The museum concerned is the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, a former nazi concentration and extermination camp situated in Poland, a World Heritage Site, and a symbol of the Holocaust. The research is based on surveys conducted in 2017 and 2018 by Marta Paleczna among the camp’s visitors, guides, and interpreters. We discuss the interpreters’ main problems, which include translating camprelated and other specific terms, collaboration with a guide, the increasing number of visitors and time constraint, and their solutions, which include compressing the explanations given by a guide during the visit, taking over the role of a guide by the interpreter, and lengthening the explanation time by taking advantage of the trip to the museum and back.

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Moggi, Mauro, and P. Janni. "Navi e marinai nell'antichità." Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 62, no. 2 (1999): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20546596.

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Pedersen, Lars Schreiber. "“Die grosse Zeit ist vorüber”. Uddrag af H.O. Langes korrespondance med Georg Steindorff 1937-1939." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 56 (March 3, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v56i0.118932.

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Lars Schreiber Pedersen: “Die grosse Zeit ist vorüber”. Extract from H. O. Lange’s correspondence with Georg Steindorff 1937-1939 During his first stay at the home of Professor Adolf Erman in Berlin in 1887, the Danish Egyptologist, H. O. Lange (1863-1943) also got to know a number of Erman’s students. The oldest of them was Georg Steindorff (1861-1951), with whom Lange developed a long, friendly relationship, which was to last for over 50 years.Based on the archive material from the Royal Library in Copenhagen and the Egyptian Museum at the University of Leipzig, this article focuses on the correspondence between Lange and Steindorff in the years 1937-1939. These were landmark years for both men. After 13 years as a lecturer in Egyptology at the University of Copenhagen, 74-year-old H. O. Lange had retired on 1 July 1937, and Georg Steindorff, who was two years older at this point, had also retired after more than 40 years as Professor in Egyptology at the University of Leipzig.The correspondence clearly shows that during these years, on a personal and profession level, there was more at stake for Georg Steindorff. Despite the fact that he had already been baptised in 1885, according to National Socialist race laws, Steindorff continued to be considered as a “full Jew” (Volljude). However, and quite unusually, Steindorff was able to teach at the University up until the end of 1935. However, in the following years, he was increasingly persecuted by the Nazi regime. In 1937, he was forced to relinquish his many years as editor of the leading scientific journal, Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, which brought to an end his status as the profession’s grand old man in Germany. In December 1938, he was forced to withdraw from the Saxon Scientific Academy and, at the end of March 1939, he emigrated with his wife to the USA. The correspondence between the two old friends and colleagues apparently ended abruptly in the autumn of 1939. Personal reasons are not thought to be the cause of this breakdown in communication; it was probably caused by the outbreak of the war.Central to H. O. Lange and Georg Steindorff’s correspondence during the period 1937-1939, was the question of how to safeguard Georg Steindorff’s unpublished scientific works and preserve them for the future. Steindorff was very much interested in giving them to H. O. Lange in Copenhagen, but the German Egyptologist ended up bringing them to the USA anyway. However, neither did his etymological Coptic-Egyptian glossary nor his planned thesis on ‘Achmimische Proverbien’ to be written with his deceased colleague, Carl Schmidt ever see the light of day. On the other hand, Steindorff’s Coptic grammar was published posthumously in 1951 under the title Lehrbuch der koptischen Grammatik. Nor did H. O. Lange, who in January 1939 had expressed his hope that Steindorff would be fortunate enough to finish this important work, get to see the finished results. On 15 January 1943, the Danish Egyptologist died at the age of 79.

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Bassey, Alessandra. "Brown, Never Black: Othello on the Nazi Stage." Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 22, no. 37 (2020): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-8530.22.04.

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This paper examines the ways in which Othello was represented on the Nazi stage. Included in the theatre analyses are Othello productions in Frankfurt in 1935, in Berlin in 1939 and 1944, and in pre-occupation Vienna in 1935. New archival material has been sourced from archives in the aforementioned locations, in order to give detailed insights into the representation of Othello on stage, with a special focus on the makeup that was used on the actors who were playing the titular role. The aim of these analyses is not only to establish what Othello looked like on the Nazi and pre-Nazi stage, but also to examine the Nazis’ relationship with Shakespeare’s Othello within the wider context of their relationship with the Black people who lived in Nazi Germany at the time. In addition, the following pages offer insights into pre-Nazi, Weimar productions of Othello in order to create a more complex and comparative understanding of Nazi Othello productions and the wider theatrical context within which they were produced. In the end, we find out, based on existing evidence, why Othello was brown, and never Black.

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Blanchette, Frances, Paul E. Reed, Erin Flannery, and Carrie N. Jackson. "Linguistic Diversity in Appalachia." American Speech 95, no. 3 (2020): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00031283-8220988.

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This study investigates how American English speakers from within and outside the Appalachian region interpret negative auxiliary inversion (NAI). Previously observed in Appalachian and other English varieties, NAI has surface syntax similar to yes-no questions but receives a declarative interpretation (e.g., Didn’t everybody watch Superbowl 53, meaning ‘not everybody watched’). Previous work shows that NAI is associated with a reading in which some but not all people participated in an event, as opposed to one in which no one participated. Results from an interpretation task revealed that Appalachian participants tended to obtain the ‘not all’ and not the ‘no one’ reading for NAI. In contrast, non-Appalachian participants’ interpretations exhibited greater inter- and intraspeaker variability. Appalachian participants with more ‘not all’ interpretations reported positive attitudes toward NAI use, and they also distinguished between attested and unattested syntactic subject types (e.g., everybody, many people, *few people) in a naturalness rating task. Appalachian participants with more ‘no one’ interpretations had more negative attitudes toward NAI use and made no distinction between subject types. These results highlight how individuals from Appalachia interpret NAI differently than individuals from outside the region and suggest that language attitudes may impact semantic interpretation within a nonmainstream speaker group.

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Poppi, Fabio I. M., and Pietro Castelli Gattinara. "Aliud pro alio." Journal of Language and Politics 17, no. 4 (2018): 552–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.17014.pop.

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Abstract This article explores how narratives create connections between the micro-context and the macro-context, focusing on the narratives produced by a neo-Nazi group within ‘Blood and Honour’, a neo-Nazi gathering in Italy. The analysis presents a series of thematic narratives that describe how the neo-Nazi members see themselves in daily life, with their private and family sphere and how they aim to impact the political and cultural world. From these narratives, it is possible to understand how the neo-Nazi group sees society and justify the marginal role that they occupy in modern society. From this perspective, narratives operate as symbolic practice of identity creation in which members of the group negotiate new images of themselves and of their political and cultural movement. As we show, the neo-Nazi members aim to obtain legitimation and recognition in order to express a greater symbolic and social power.

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Michailovsky, Boyd, and Alexis Michaud. "Syllabe inventory of a Western Naxi dialect, and correspondence with Joseph F. Rock's transcriptions." Cahiers de linguistique - Asie orientale 35, no. 1 (2006): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/clao.2006.1745.

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MICHAUD, Alexis, Guillaume JACQUES, Alexis MICHAUD, and Guillaume JACQUES. "Insights into Naxi and Pumi at the end of the 19 th century: evidence on sound changes from the word lists by Charles-Eudes Bonin*." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 39, no. 1 (2010): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1960602810x00052.

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The word lists published in 1903 by C.-E. Bonin for several languages of East Asia are highly rudimentary; the transcription is based on French spelling conventions. These lists nonetheless provide hints about the pronunciation of these languages at the end of the 19 century. We examine two of Bonin's lists in light of more recent and more systematic descriptions of the same languages, looking for evidence about phonetic evolutions. The Naxi word list offers hints about the pronunciation of vowels /i/, /y/ and /o/ and the degree of palatalization of velars before high front vowels. The list for Pumi shows that the initial cluster /st-/ was still present at the time in the dialect recorded.

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Martinez, Christine. "Attendre le laitier, suivre l’ouvreuse, ces métiers d’antan ont-ils un but linguistique/didactique dans l’acquisition du FLE?" Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 8 (2019): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.8-11.

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OCZEKIWANIE NA MLECZARZA, PODĄŻAĆ ZA BILETERKĄ, CZY TE DAWNE ZAWODY MAJĄ CEL JĘZYKOWY/DYDAKTYCZNY W AKWIZYCJI FRANCUSKIEGO JAKO JĘZYKA OBCEGO? To badanie w środowisku uniwersyteckim, w dwóch różnych instytucjach – w Warszawie i Białymstoku, z rozbieżnymi celami certyfikacji jest eksperymentalne, ale przynosi innowacyjne rezultaty. Tekst ten ma na celu wykazanie, że nauczanie i poznawanie terminologii dotyczącej dawnych zawodów, tj. terminów dawnych lub nawet archaicznych, ma cel językowy i dydaktyczny w nauce języka francuskiego jako języka obcego. Nasi uczniowie, którzy brali udział i aktywnie uczestniczyli w tym badaniu, wykazali mocne zainteresowanie tą terminologią, aby zdobyć wiedzę na temat kultury, specjalistyczne słownictwo, a także mieć przewagę językową. Attendre le laitier, suivre l’ouvreuse, ces métiers d’antan ont-ils un but linguistique/didactique dans l’acquisition du FLE? Cette étude en milieu universitaire, dans deux établissements différents – Varsovie et Białystok, avec des buts certificatifs divergents se veut expérimentale mais révélatrice quant aux résultats. En effet, ce texte vise à démontrer que la terminologie des métiers d’antan, p.ex. des termes vieillis voire archaïques ont un but linguistique et didactique dans l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère. Nos apprenants, après avoir assisté et participé très activement à cette étude, ont dévoilé un intérêt certain pour la terminologie des métiers d’antan afin d’acquérir un savoir culturel, un lexique spécialisé et aussi posséder un avantage langagier.

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Menger, Pierre-Michel. "Richard Wagner et la portée de son antisémitisme (note critique)." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 73, no. 3 (2018): 669–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ahss.2019.48.

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RésumésDans l’immense bibliothèque des travaux sur Richard Wagner, les recherches consacrées à la judéophobie et à l’antisémitisme du compositeur ont progressé en plusieurs vagues, à partir de la fin des années 1960. Les controverses ont été et demeurent vives pour qualifier l’idéologie wagnérienne, pour cerner ses liens avec son œuvre musicale et pour tirer les leçons de l’amplification nationaliste et antisémite du culte wagnérien par le régime nazi. L’ouvrage du musicologue Jean-Jacques Nattiez, Wagner antisémite, offre un vaste bilan et comble une lacune majeure de la bibliographie des écrits wagnériens de langue française. Après avoir rappelé comment a émergé le traitement historiographique et musicologique de l’antisémitisme wagnérien, dont cet ouvrage fait un inventaire critique, sont examinés dans cet article quatre problèmes centraux auxquels conduit la lecture de Nattiez : les ressorts de la contextualisation de l’idéologie wagnérienne dans l’Allemagne et l’Europe du xixe siècle ; les services rendus à l’hubris créatrice de Wagner par son engagement antisémite et nationaliste ; le rôle joué par les descendants dépositaires du patrimoine artistique et institutionnel de Wagner dans la propulsion de l’antisémitisme jusque sous l’ère nazie, puis, après 1945, dans l’inversion progressive et, aujourd’hui, radicalement critique des positions ; la porosité entre les écrits antisémites de Wagner et sa production lyrique, qui appelle une réinterprétation de la question de l’autonomie de l’art.

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Sadler, Misumi. "Japanese negative suffix nai in conversation: Its formulaicity and intersubjectivity." Discourse Studies 22, no. 4 (2020): 460–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445620914671.

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The study investigates how speakers use ‘ nai-expressions’ (a verb root + the negative suffix (a)nai as in shabere-nai ‘cannot speak’ and ik-anai ‘will/do not go’) in naturally occurring conversation. The data demonstrate that although negative utterances have been considered to be ‘grammatical’ constructions that simply negate the truth value of a proposition, nai-expressions show formulaic tendencies and serve not only to express a speaker’s emotional personal stance on a particular story/event but also to create interpersonal space with other conversation participant(s) and to involve them in the story/event. The patterns which emerged from the data are quite similar to those in Ono and Thompson’s study on Japanese adjectives. As they pointed out, some of nai-expressions in the data may also be re-analyzed as adjectives.

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Hulsewé, A. F. P. "Hsia Nai." T'oung Pao 72, no. 1 (1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853286x00088.

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Ryan-Hayes, Karen. "Marina Lebedeva's "MEZHDU NAMI, ZHENSHCHINAMI" Feuilletons." Slavic and East European Journal 36, no. 2 (1992): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/308964.

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Laversuch, I. M. "MargareteandSulamithunder the Swastika: Girls' Names in Nazi Germany." Names 58, no. 4 (2010): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/002777310x12852321500266.

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Radic, Jovanka. ""Kazi rec" - pozitivna vrednost u jeziku." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 63 (2007): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0763097r.

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(ruski) Nastojascaja rabota osnovyvaetsja na predstavlenii i analize faktov polucennyh v rezul'tate reakcii na stimul sapni/kazi/napisi rec. Sobrannye fakty privodjatsja v svjaz' s voprosami, kasajuscimisja priznakovosti 'izolirovannyh ponjatij' de Sossjura v jazyke. ?to problema ishodnoj ili pozitivnoj cennosti, zanimajuscaja central'noe mesto v ucenii F. de Sossjura. Dannye, sobrannye v rezul'tate oprosa lic razlicnogo vozrasta (deti s 3 do 15 let, studenty i opredelennoe cislo lic zrelogo vozrasta) pokazyvajut, cto v vnerecevyh situacijah, pocti vo vseh vozrastnyh gruppah, suscestvitel'noe casce vsego upotrebljajutsja v imenitel'nom padeze. Bolee znacitel'nye otstuplenija otmecajutsja u detej v vozraste 3-7 let, u kotoryh reakcija na stimul kazi rec byvaet suscestvitel'noe v akkuzative, zatem predlozenie, a reze vsego pojavljajutsja drugie edinicy. Esli ?ti rezul'taty sravnit' s razlicnymi vidami rezul'tatov, imejuscihsja v psihologii, nejropsihologii i lingvistike, nami sobrannyj material ukrepil uverennost', cto slovo, vernee slovo-ponjatie, javljaetsja ishodnoj cennost'ju i osnovnoj edinicej myslenija i reci, 'zivaja kletka', nerazlozimaja na ponjatie i slovo ili na ponjatie i znak. Dokazatel'stvom togo, cto slovo-ponjatie v soznanii vzroslyh lic javljaetsja osnovnoj osoznannoj edinicej, predstavljajuscej verojatno odnu iz obsceceloveceskih harakteristik, ukazyvaet takze tot fakt, cto na svoem rodnom jazyke zapisyvali tol'ko slova- -ponjatija i vzroslye predstaviteli drugogo jazyka, nerodstvennogo serbskomu. Avtor delaet vyvod, cto jazyk (langue) sostavljajut ponjatijnye slova (edinicy soznanija ili 'izolirovannye ponjatija'), t.e. suscestvitel'nye i vse drugie edinicy, nezavisimye ot recevoj situacii, oformljajusciesja i popolnjajusciesja znaceniem, vmeste s razvitiem ponjatij v ontogeneze. Vse drugie sredstva, kotorymi raspolagaet odin jazyk skrytno (latentno) soderzatsja v slovah-ponjatijah, v kotorye oni vstroeny, soglasno dejstvujuscim jazykovym normam.

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Tryuk, Malgorzata. "Interpreting in Nazi concentration camps during World War II." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 12, no. 2 (2010): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.12.2.01try.

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This paper is based on a study of the records of prisoners in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp with the aim of uncovering as much information as possible about camp interpreters, their work and their attempts to ease the hardships of other prisoners, often risking their own lives in the process. As will be demonstrated, the generally accepted deontological norms for interpreting in community settings were not applicable to concentration camps, and different norms were adopted which were clearly justified, under the circumstances. The paper in particular investigates why interpreters were needed in the concentration camps, who they were, how they were recruited for the job, what their language combinations were, what their duties were, when the interpreters were required, and how they performed their duties as well what their roles were.

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Feurer, Hanny. "Bilingual Education Among Minority Nationalities in China: a Study of the Naxi Pilot Project At Yilong, Yunnan." RELC Journal 27, no. 1 (1996): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003368829602700101.

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Bytwerk, Randall L. "The Argument for Genocide in Nazi Propaganda." Quarterly Journal of Speech 91, no. 1 (2005): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00335630500157516.

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Ruder, Cynthia A., K. Shipova, and E. Usmanova. "Igraite s nami--igraite sami! V'shusk 1." Slavic and East European Journal 35, no. 4 (1991): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/309269.

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Khan, Kiren S., Jessica Logan, Laura M. Justice, Ryan P. Bowles, and Shayne B. Piasta. "The Contribution of Vocabulary, Grammar, and Phonological Awareness Across a Continuum of Narrative Ability Levels in Young Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 9 (2021): 3489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00403.

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Purpose Narrative skill represents a higher-level linguistic skill that shows incremental development in the preschool years. During these years, there are considerable individual differences in this skill, with some children being highly skilled narrators (i.e., precocious) relative to peers of their age. In this study, we explored the contribution of three lower-level language skills to a range of narrative abilities, from children performing below expected levels for their age to those performing much higher than the expected levels for their age. We speculated that individual differences in lower-level skills would contribute meaningfully to variability in narrative skills. Method Using a sample of 336 children between 3 and 6 years of age ( M = 4.27 years, SD = 0.65), both multiple regression and quantile regression approaches were used to explore how vocabulary, grammar, and phonological awareness account for variance in children's “narrative ability index” (NAI), an index of how children scored on the Narrative Assessment Protocol–Second Edition relative to the expected performance for their age. Results Multiple regression results indicated that lower-level language skills explained a significant amount of variance (approximately 13%) in children's NAI scores. Quantile regression results indicated that phonological awareness and vocabulary accounted for significant variance in children's NAI scores at lower quantiles. At the median quantile, vocabulary and grammar accounted for significant variance in children's NAI scores. For precocious narrators, only vocabulary accounted for a significant amount of variance in children's NAI scores. Conclusion Results indicate that lower-level language skills work in conjunction to support narrative skills at different ability levels, improving understanding of how lower-level language skills contribute across a spectrum of higher-level linguistic abilities.

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Geroulanos, Stefanos. "The Cult of Art in Nazi Germany (review)." MLN 119, no. 5 (2004): 1115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mln.2005.0007.

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Savchuk, B. P., and G. V. Bilavych. "Formation of the Education System of the Rusins in Lemkivshchyna During the Second World War: Scientific Discourse." Rusin, no. 62 (2020): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/7.

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The article suggests discussing the education system of the Rusins in Lemkivshchyna during WWII through the prism of scientific discourse. The authors show the specificity of socio-political and cultural development of the education system in the late 19th – the first half of the 20th centuries and describe the essence of the Nazi regime that established in Lemkivshchyna from September 1939 to 1944, within which Lemkivshchyna was part of the General Government – an administrative-territorial entity in Poland and Western Ukraine occupied by Nazi Germany. The focus is the local administrative structures – the Ukrainian Central Committee and others – functioning on this territory as well as the goals of the Nazi education policy. The authors determine the main types, forms, and specificity of the education system, which include preschool institutions (seasonal and permanent kindergartens, teachers’ training, etc.), primary education (its universality and compulsoriness; creation of a network of public schools, ensuring their functioning), secondary schools (gymnasiums, teacher seminaries); vocational training (with agriculture, craft, fishing, and trade being the main areas); higher school (enrolling the Rusins of Lemkivshchyna in the universities of Lviv and Europe and their financial support), and students’ social security.

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Rothberg, Michael. "The Work of Testimony in the Age of Decolonization: Chronicle of a Summer, Cinema Verité, and the Emergence of the Holocaust Survivor." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 5 (2004): 1231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900101713.

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The trial of Adolf Eichmann, in 1961, is generally considered a turning point in the history of Holocaust memory because it brought the Holocaust into the public sphere for the first time as a discrete event on an international scale. In the same year, Jean Rouch and Edgar Morin's film Chronicle of a Summer appeared in France. While absent from scholarship on memory of the Nazi genocide for over forty years, Chronicle of a Summer contains a scene of Holocaust testimony that suggests the need to look beyond the Eichmann trial for alternative articulations of public Holocaust remembrance. This essay considers the juxtaposition in Chronicle of a Summer of Holocaust memory and the history of decolonization in order to rethink the “unique” place that the Holocaust has come to hold in discourses on extreme violence. The essay argues that a discourse of truth and testimony arose in French resistance to the Algerian war that shaped and was shaped by memory of the Nazi genocide.

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Gan, Lu. "Translation and annotation of the travel notes of a33mi21 Cave written by He Xiudong Dongba." Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 5, no. 2 (2021): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850221926712.

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a33mi21 Cave 阿明洞 as the holy land of the Dongba religion is located in Baidi 白地, Sanba 三坝, Shangri-la, Yunnan province. Li Lincan, a grandmaster in the study of Dongba characters and the deputy director of the Taipei Palace Museum, paid homage to the a33mi21 Cave in 1942 and wrote an inscription. In 2005, his son Li Zaizhong, following in his father’s footsteps, paid a formal visit there again, and He Xiudong Dongba from Tacheng 塔城, traveling with him, recorded the pilgrimage journey in Dongba characters and translated it into Chinese, which is the first travelogue published in the Naxi language and has considerable research value. This paper has a verbatim translation and annotation of the travelogue and conducts preliminary research from the perspectives of the author and the age, the paper and the line, the frequency and number of words and text structure, the word relationships, the variants and transformation of the words, lexical features, and so forth.

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Frazier, Lyn, Brian Dillon, and Charles Clifton. "Together They Stand: Interpreting Not-At-Issue Content." Language and Speech 61, no. 2 (2017): 199–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830917714608.

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Potts unified the account of appositives, parentheticals, expressives, and honorifics as 'Not- At-Issue’ (NAI) content, treating them as a natural class semantically in behaving like root (unembedded) structures, typically expressing speaker commitments, and being interpreted independently of At-Issue content. We propose that NAI content expresses a complete speech act distinct from the speech act of the containing utterance. The speech act hypothesis leads us to expect the semantic properties Potts established. We present experimental confirmation of two intuitive observations made by Potts: first that speech act adverbs should be acceptable as NAI content, supporting the speech act hypothesis; and second, that when two speech acts are expressed as successive sentences, the comprehender assumes they are related by some discourse coherence relation, whereas an NAI speech act need not bear a restrictive discourse coherence relation to its containing utterance, though overall sentences containing relevant content are rated more acceptable than those that do not. The speech act hypothesis accounts for these effects, and further accounts for why judgments of syntactic complexity or evaluations of whether or not a statement is true interact with the at-issue status of the material being judged or evaluated.

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Callan, Terrance. "Prophecy and Ecstasy in Greco-Roman Religion and in 1 Corinthians." Novum Testamentum 27, no. 1 (1985): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853685x00247.

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AbstractWe have seen that in Greek prophètes means spokesman in a very general sense. Most characteristically it designates the medium, or mantis, at an oracle, who is considered a spokesman for the god of the oracle. This mantic prophecy is accompanied by trance, i.e., when the mantis functions as spokesman, his or her ordinary consciousness is replaced by another. However, in an effort to explain why oracles at Delphi are no longer given in verse, Plutarch develops a theory according to which even prophecy in this sense does not involve trance, but makes use of the ordinary consciousness of the mantis. In addition to this use of prophetes, it is also used to designate other spokesmen. Some of these are considered entranced, e.g., poets, the spokesmen of the Muses, in Plato's view. But most are not, e.g., poets according to the understanding of poetic inspiration reflected in Pindar, and those who functioned at oracles as spokesmen for the mantis. I have argued that the uses of prophètes in Greek correspond fairly well to the apparent range of meanings for nabi in the OT. But the use of prophètes to translate nabi involved a shift of emphasis: while in Greek prophètes mainly designates those who prophesy in trance, as a translation for nabi, prophètes mainly designates those whose prophecy is apparently not accompanied by trance. This can be seen clearly in Philo who knows of prophecy as a trance phenomenon, but who sees at least Moses mainly as a prophet whose prophecy does not involve trance. This understanding of prophecy results both from fidelity to scripture and from Philo's desire to praise Moses and account for certain difficulties in scripture.

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Ritchie, J. M., and Linda Schulte-Sasse. "Entertaining the Third Reich: Illusions of Wholeness in Nazi Cinema." Modern Language Review 94, no. 1 (1999): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3736098.

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Watson. "Scandinavian Literature in Nazi Germany: Selma Lagerlöf as One Example." Scandinavian Studies 91, no. 4 (2019): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/scanstud.91.4.0482.

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Gilliot, Claude, Malik b. Anas, Abdel-Magid Turki, et al. "al-Muwatta', riwayat 'Al. b. Maslama al-Qa 'nabi." Studia Islamica, no. 90 (2000): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1596183.

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Watt, Roderick H. "Wehrwolf or Werwolf? Literature, Legend, or Lexical Error into Nazi Propaganda?" Modern Language Review 87, no. 4 (1992): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3731426.

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Emerson, Catherine. "Historical Emplotment in the Crisis of Identity under Nazi Occupation." Australian Journal of French Studies 51, no. 1 (2014): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2014.5.

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Tyre, S. "Review: The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940." French Studies 58, no. 3 (2004): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/58.3.436.

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Castro, Cristina Gómez. "Sturge, Kate. 2004. “The alien within”: Translation into German during the Nazi regime." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 18, no. 2 (2006): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.18.2.13cas.

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Simon, Sherry. "Michaela Wolf, ed. Interpreting in Nazi Concentration Camps. New York, Bloomsbury, 2016, 248 p." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 29, no. 2 (2016): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051022ar.

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Datsishina, Marina V. "Place Renaming and German Policy-Making in Temporarily Occupied Soviet Territories." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.006.

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The article discusses the transfer of territory-remapping strategies by Nazi Germany from Europe to the occupied territories of the USSR, with a particular focus on place renaming. Measures concerning toponymy and onomastics were generally well-rooted in the policy of the Third Reich. In the year of 1942, as the German occupation zone in the Soviet Union reached its peak for the whole period of the war, specific guidelines for renaming were issued to secure the acclaimed territories. On the functional side, the guidelines were to eliminate confusion in the correspondence between administrative bodies of the occupied lands and their Berlin leadership. The author shows that each renaming decision could be due to several factors, but ultimately these were meant to contribute to further legal and cultural appropriation of the occupied territories and their subsequent Germanization. Renaming of places in the German way took different forms. Most commonly, it went through the integration of the Nazi ideology into the context of European and world history. The national socialists declared themselves heirs to Germany’s great past, the successors of its best traditions. The “Germanization” of place names in different occupation zones had different dynamics. Logically, the farther the occupied territories were from the Western border of the USSR, the fewer German names they featured. The article showcases how the “derussification” policy was used to disrupt the links with the Soviet past, to foster separatist tendencies, and ultimately to verbalize the expectations of a “blitzkrieg” victory. Renaming of toponymic objects also aimed to reduce the population’s resistance to occupation, as well as increase the loyalty to the occupiers. The paper builds on archival documents, the occupation press, eyewitness accounts.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Naxi (langue)'

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