To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Nazi invasion.
Journal articles on the topic 'Nazi invasion'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Nazi invasion.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gavrilov, V. A. "On the Eve of Nazi Invasion: Fatal Miscalculations." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(17) (April 28, 2011): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2011-2-17-109-117.
Full text
2
Hoffmann, Stanley, and Julian Jackson. "The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940." Foreign Affairs 82, no. 5 (2003): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033714.
Full text
3
Demidov, Andrei Vladimirovich. "Vatican and Nazi Germany’s Invasion of the Soviet Union." Interactive science, no. 1 (47) (January 20, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-529560.
Full textAbstract:
The article based on a brief historical background analyses the role of Vatican in provoking the aggression of Hitler’s Germany against the Soviet Union. The author stresses that true motivation of the Holy See was forced imposition of Catholicism in the country.
4
Watkins, Geoff. "Review: The Fall of France: The Nazi invasion of 1940." French History 19, no. 3 (2005): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/cri041.
Full text
5
Tyre, S. "Review: The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940." French Studies 58, no. 3 (2004): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/58.3.436.
Full text
6
Harrisville, David. "Unholy Crusaders: The Wehrmacht and the Reestablishment of Soviet Churches during Operation Barbarossa." Central European History 52, no. 4 (2019): 620–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938919000876.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDuring the summer and fall of 1941, as they took part in Operation Barbarossa—the invasion of the Soviet Union—Wehrmacht personnel paused to reopen churches that had been shuttered by the communist regime. These events, which drew enormous crowds, brought together conquerors and conquered in a surprising display of shared faith before being halted by a directive from the Führer. This article addresses the question of why they took place at all, given the genocidal nature of the campaign in which they were embedded, as well as what they can tell us about the role of religion in the Wehrmacht, its relationship to Nazi ideology, and the nature of the military occupation. The reopening ceremonies, it is argued, were the spontaneous outcome of a number of interrelated factors, including Nazi rhetoric, the pent-up yearnings of Soviet Christians, and above all the vision of the invasion as a religious crusade against an atheist power adopted by many chaplains and soldiers. Although often overlooked, religion remained a powerful force in the Wehrmacht, one that could serve both to undermine and justify Nazi goals. Further, the reopenings demonstrate the army's capacity for flexibility in its dealings with the population, particularly during the war's opening months.
7
Schad, John. "‘All at Sea’: Virginia Woolf, Walter Benjamin, and the Unknown German." CounterText 7, no. 2 (2021): 206–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/count.2021.0230.
Full textAbstract:
On July 10, 1940, amidst fear of Nazi invasion, a prison ship, of sorts, left Liverpool, England, crammed full of over two thousand male ‘Enemy Aliens’ – Germans, Austrians, and some Italians. They were herded together, below deck, with all hatches sealed. Some were prisoners of war, some were passionate Nazis, but most were Jewish refugees. Among them was Walter Benjamin's estranged son, a young man of 22 years, Stefan Rafael Schoenflies Benjamin. Soon after boarding, however, the authorities mistakenly recorded his surname as Benjamini. ‘All at Sea’, John Schad's critical-creative piece, recounts events around ‘the unknown German’ on the vessel, playing richly on, and with, recognition effects around what is (un)familiarly known about Virginia Woolf, Walter Benjamin, and various kinds of connection between them and other figures from the period.
8
Bodenheimer, Rosemarie. "Sebastian Haffner’s Germanys." boundary 2 47, no. 4 (2020): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-8677899.
Full textAbstract:
Sebastian Haffner’s Defying Hitler: A Memoir appears in the twenty-first century as a kind of time capsule, offering a personal and political analysis forged during the 1930s, when the endgame of the Nazi regime was not yet visible. Haffner attempts to account for the historical precursors of Nazism, beginning with the Great War–besotted children of his own generation, now hungering for another dose of public excitement, and moving back to the mistaken nationalism of Bismarck’s 1871 Reich. Haffner’s general view of German character as incapable of democracy, reliant on strong leaders, but not essentially anti-Semitic, sits uncomfortably with his more personal horror at the Nazi invasion of individual privacy. Defiant analysis yields to tragedy as the memoir goes on to represent individual capitulations to Nazi tactics, including Haffner’s own. Reflecting our current dilemma, his dramatic narrative puts us vividly in mind of the angry, fearful, strident, hopeless, hopeful, and courageous elements that contend, unresolved, during an unpredictable rush of threatening world events.
9
Laudicina, Matthew. "Book Review: D-Day: The Essential Reference Guide." Reference & User Services Quarterly 58, no. 1 (2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.58.1.6852.
Full textAbstract:
The Normandy Landings, commonly referred to as D-Day, was a pivotal moment in the course of the Second World War. This successful invasion of the northwestern beaches of France marked the beginning of the Allied liberation of the western front, and would ultimately lead to the defeat of Nazi Germany. D-Day: The Essential Reference Guide successfully provides quality reference information on this major historical event.
10
von Hodenberg, Christina. "Of German Fräuleins, Nazi Werewolves, and Iraqi Insurgents: The American Fascination with Hitler's Last Foray." Central European History 41, no. 1 (2008): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938908000046.
Full textAbstract:
Many aspects of the German-American encounter during the Second World War remain deeply engraved in the American mind. One of them is the story of the German “werewolves,” Hitler's last underground fighters, who challenged the occupying armies in the war's closing months. The werewolf threat made a lasting impression on American troops and media at the time, and on American collective memory up to today. This article traces how the Nazi insurgents became part of an older mythical narrative that continues to infuse not only American popular culture, but even contemporary elite and political discourse. One of the more recent examples is Condoleezza Rice and Donald Rumsfeld's effort to compare the Nazi werewolves with the Iraqi insurgents whose attacks have plagued the occupied country since the American invasion.
11
Graczyk, Konrad. "Opinia profesora Władysława Woltera w sprawie działalności sądów niemieckich na obszarach polskich w okresie najazdu hitlerowskiego." Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa 14, no. 2 (2021): 221–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844131ks.21.015.13523.
Full textAbstract:
Opinion of Professor Władysław Wolter on the Activities of German Courts in Polish Territories during the Nazi Occupation The study was devoted to the legal opinion drawn up in the post-war trial against the German judge Albert Michel on the activities of German courts in Polish territories during the Nazi occupation. The scope of the opinion is broader than it appears from the title – Professor Władysław Wolter covered the entire German occupation including the actual German invasion in 1939. The text of the source was preceded by a discussion in which the circumstances of the opinion were explained, the author’s profile was presented, and its most important theses were characterised. The statements of the opinion were related to other views of the doctrine and jurisprudence, as well as the decisions issued in the Michel case.
12
Zeidman, Lawrence A., Matthias Georg Ziller, and Michael Shevell. "Ilya Mark Scheinker: Controversial Neuroscientist and Refugee From National Socialist Europe." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, no. 2 (2016): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.359.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractRussian-born, Vienna-trained neurologist and neuropathologist Ilya Mark Scheinker collaborated with Josef Gerstmann and Ernst Sträussler in 1936 to describe the familial prion disorder now known as Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. Because of Nazi persecution following the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, Scheinker fled from Vienna to Paris, then after the German invasion of France, to New York. With the help of neurologist Tracy Putnam, Scheinker ended up at the University of Cincinnati, although his position was never guaranteed. He more than doubled his prior publications in America, and authored three landmark neuropathology textbooks. Despite his publications, he was denied tenure and had difficulty professionally in the Midwest because of prejudice against his European mannerisms. He moved back to New York for personal reasons in 1952, dying prematurely just 2 years later. Scheinker was twice uprooted, but persevered and eventually found some success as a refugee.
13
Huener, Jonathan. "Nazi Kirchenpolitik and Polish Catholicism in the Reichsgau Wartheland, 1939–1941." Central European History 47, no. 1 (2014): 105–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938914000648.
Full textAbstract:
With the invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, National Socialist Germany aimed to destroy the Polish nation and Polish national consciousness. The Nazi regime attempted to accomplish this in a variety of ways, including the destruction of Polish cultural institutions, forced resettlement, forced labor, incarceration in prisons and camps, random and systematic roundups of prisoners, and mass murder. To the German authorities in occupied Poland and to many Poles, it was obvious that the occupation would target the Polish Catholic Church with vigor and brutality. Catholicism was the religion of approximately 65 percent of interwar Poland's population: it dominated religious life, held tremendous wealth and political power, and its clergy were widely respected as members of the intelligentsia. More importantly for the Germans, the Catholic Church was a locus and symbol of Polish national identity.
14
Rust, Eric C. "Book Review: Hitler Strikes North: The Nazi Invasion of Norway and Denmark, 9 April 1940." International Journal of Maritime History 25, no. 2 (2013): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387141302500254.
Full text
15
Yalen, Deborah. "Tracing the Scholarly Legacy of I.M. Pul’ner: A Detour through the Pages of Sovetish Heymland." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 1 (2) (2019): 119–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2019.1.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the scholarly legacy of I.M. Pul’ner, director of the Jewish Section of the State Museum of Ethnography in Leningrad from the late 1930s until the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, and considers the significance of material culture for Soviet Jewish ethnography during the interwar period. It also traces the rediscovery of Pul’ner by Soviet Jewish intellectuals in the 1970s, and the global journey of a long-lost archival document, which is now preserved at the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York City.
16
GERHARD, GESINE. "Food and Genocide: Nazi Agrarian Politics in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union." Contemporary European History 18, no. 1 (2009): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777308004827.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article explores the connection between food politics and genocide in the occupied eastern territories. The examination focuses on Herbert Backe, the ‘second man’ in the agricultural administration during the period of Nazi rule. Backe was in charge of food rationing during the war, and was involved in the planning of the economic exploitation of the Soviet Union after the invasion. Under Backe's directive, food policy turned into ‘starvation policy’ for people in the occupied lands of the Soviet Union. The author uses a range of archival sources, including rarely used personal letters and diaries of Backe and his wife, to understand Backe's role and motivations.
17
van Courtland Moon, John Ellis, and James Hayward. "Shingle Street: Flame, Chemical and Psychological Warfare in 1940 and the Nazi Invasion That Never Was." Journal of Military History 58, no. 4 (1994): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944294.
Full text
18
Anderson, Jeffrey. "From the Bonn to the Berlin Republic: The Twentieth Anniversary of German Unification: Introduction." German Politics and Society 28, no. 1 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2010.280101.
Full textAbstract:
‘Tis the season of anniversaries in Germany. 2009 unfolded like a hitparade of history. March ushered in the sixtieth anniversary of the foundingof the Federal Republic and May witnessed the sixtieth anniversary ofthe end of the Berlin Blockade. After a summer lull, the seventiethanniversary of Nazi Germany’s invasion of Poland fell on 1 Septemberand in October, the twentieth anniversary of the first Monday demonstrationin Leipzig took place. Finally, the month of November offered up amajor date—the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall—and alesser one, suited more for the political connoisseur: the fortieth anniversaryof the Social Democratic Party’s (SPD) ratification of the GodesbergerProgram. 2010, of course, culminates in October with the twentiethanniversary of unification.
19
Belsky, Natalie. "“Am I a Jew?”: Soviet Jewish Youth and Antisemitism on the Home Front during the Second World War." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 34, no. 2 (2020): 274–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcaa023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the wake of the Nazi invasion of June 1941, over one million Soviet Jews were resettled in Central Asia, Siberia, and the Volga and Ural regions for the duration of the war. Prewar antisemitic prejudices and stereotypes, as well as increasingly difficult living conditions, fueled further anti-Jewish sentiment. Children and teenagers were particularly susceptible to harassment because of their frequent contact with local youths at school or in the streets. Often unprepared to deal with these negative attitudes, their responses to and internalization of these early experiences with antisemitism constituted a critical, transformative moment, prompting them to grapple with the meaning of their Jewish identity within the Soviet context.
20
Worthington, Svaja Vansauskas. "State as Transgressor: Šilingas versus the State—A Case Study." Nationalities Papers 36, no. 1 (2008): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990701848473.
Full textAbstract:
The usually cheerful Insight Travel Guide to the Baltic States offers this synopsis of the Baltic situation:Their independence was sentenced to death by the Nazi–Soviet Pact [the secret 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact] just before World War II. The pact envisaged the Baltic States would be parceled out between them, but it was overtaken by events with Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union. The three states were incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940 … Among few other people did the Soviet mill grind finer than in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania … The final injustice was the permanent imposition of Soviet rule and Stalinist terror. Anyone a visitor meets today in the Baltics is likely to have a relation who was sent to Siberia or simply shot.
21
Kmeťová, Marianna, and Marek Syrný. "The 1944 Warsaw Uprising." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-18-23.
Full textAbstract:
After the German campaign at the beginning of World War II (1939), Poland was divided between nazi Germany which occupied the west and center of the country, and the Soviet Union which occupying the Eastern regions. The controversial relationship with Moscow has seen several diametrical breaks from a positive alliance after the invasion of the Soviet Union by the Axis powers in 1941, to a very critical relationship with the USSR after the revelation of the so-called Katyn massacre in 1943. With the approach of the Eastern Front to the frontiers of pre-war Poland, massive Polish Resistance was also activated to get rid of nazi domination and to restore of pre-war Poland. The neutralization of possible claims by the Soviets on the disputed eastern areas (Western Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania), respectively to prevent the crushing sovietization of Poland, it was also intended to serve a clear and world-wide resistance act in the sense of liberating at least Warsaw from the German occupation. This was to prevent the repeat of the situation in the east of the country, where the Red Army and the Soviet authorities overlooked the merits and interests of the Polish Resistance and Polish authorities. The contribution will therefore focus on the analysis of the causes, assumptions, course and consequences of the ultimate outcome of the unsuccessful efforts of the Armia Krajowa and the Warsaw inhabitants to liberate the city on their own and to determine the free post-war existence of the country.
22
Gross, Magdalena H. "Reclaiming the Nation: Polish Schooling in Exile During the Second World War." History of Education Quarterly 53, no. 3 (2013): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12021.
Full textAbstract:
In the autumn of 1939, Poland was invaded and divided in half by the Third Reich and the Soviet Union. Nazi Germany took over western Poland, while the U.S.S.R. took over the southeast. The Soviet invasion of eastern Poland on September 17, 1939, pursuant to provisions of the secret protocol of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, came as a complete surprise to Poland's thirteen million residents and to diplomats around the world. In the months that followed, the Soviets imposed a complex administrative system in the region, with the goal of “Sovietizing” conquered territories. The dismantling of local religious institutions and the creation of Soviet schooling for millions of Polish, Ukrainian, Jewish, and Belorussian children were all part of this program. Additionally, starting in February 1940, the Soviet authorities carried out four punitive waves of deportation of some 320,000 Polish citizens (men, women, and children) into the interior of the U.S.S.R.
23
Engel, David. "Alexander B. Rossino. Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2003. xv, 343 pp." AJS Review 28, no. 2 (2004): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009404330217.
Full textAbstract:
Historians of the Third Reich have long noted that Nazi Germany's actions on the battlefield and occupation policies were governed both by conventional military and radical ideological considerations. Much attention has been devoted to the problem of separating the two strands analytically, to determining which actions and policies should be labeled as primarily one or the other and which elements within the regime thought and behaved mainly according to conventional versus ideological notions. In recent years it has become common to place German military operations before June 1941 under the “conventional” rubric and to date the “ideological” war from the invasion of the Soviet Union, which began in that month. On the other hand, whereas the German army was once widely thought to have constituted a bastion of conventional thinking even after the ideological war had been launched, scholars have increasingly implicated it in the perpetration of ideologically rooted crimes (particularly the murder of Jews on the eastern front).
24
Raw, Laurence. "The Legacy of G. Wilson Knight." Linguaculture 2017, no. 1 (2017): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lincu-2017-0010.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractG. Wilson Knight (1897-1985) was one of the most influential Shakespearean critics of the mid-twentieth century. This piece surveys his work from 1930 until the early 1980s. Much affected by the First World War, he developed a style of criticism based on Christian principles of respect for other people and belief in an all-powerful God. Many of his most famous pieces (in THE WHEEL OF FIRE, for instance) argue for human insignificance in an indifferent universe. It is up to all of us as individuals to develop methods of coping with this world. Wilson Knight’s ideas gained particular currency during the Second World War, when Britain’s very future seemed at risk due to the threat of Nazi invasion. Although much derided for his use of transcendent language—especially by his contemporary F. R. Leavis—Wilson Knight’s ideas seem to have acquired new significance in a globalized world, where individuals fight to main their identity in a technology-driven environment.
25
BUTOV, ILYA S. "MIRACLE OF RENEWAL/MYRRH-STREAMING OF ICONS AS A SIGN OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR OR A MARK OF BAD/GOOD EVENTS ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS AND ITS BORDERS." Study of Religion, no. 1 (2021): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2021.1.97-106.
Full textAbstract:
The Great Patriotic War, like any major war before it, significantly changed the cultural landscape and was reflected in folklore - in particular, in narratives about miracles as harbingers of good or bad events. Despite the information that icon renewals took place in almost every diocese that suffered from the Nazi invasion, sufficient statistics on these events have not been accumulated yet and they are still not dated. In this regard, the work on fixing such stories and analyzing them is extremely relevant. For the study, we used the following methods: comparative, structural and typological ones, areal analysis and mapping. During the areal analysis and subsequent mapping, we also used the chronotope method, which allowed us to trace not only the territorial, but also the temporal and cyclical distribution of recorded narratives. The article provides stories and documentary evidence of pre-war cases of spontaneous renewal of icons and renewals of icons at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War...
26
Damer, Seán. "Swastika over the Acropolis: Re-interpreting the Nazi Invasion of Greece in World War II by Craig Stockings and Eleanor Hancock." Journal of Modern Greek Studies 32, no. 2 (2014): 460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2014.0038.
Full text
27
Botsiou, Konstantina E. "Craig Stockings and Eleanor Hancock (eds), Swastika over the Acropolis. Re-Interpreting the Nazi Invasion in Greece in World War II." Journal of Contemporary History 52, no. 1 (2017): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416678799e.
Full text
28
Köhler, Ulrike Kristina. "Harry Potter – National Hero and National Heroic Epic." International Research in Children's Literature 4, no. 1 (2011): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2011.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Joanne K. Rowling's teenage wizard has enchanted readers all over the globe and Harry Potter can truly be called an international hero. However, as I will argue, he is also very much an English national hero, complying with the national auto-image of the English gentleman as well as with the idea of Christian masculinity, another English auto-image holding that outdoor activity is more character-building than book learning. I will also show that the series can be read as a national heroic epic in two respects. First, Harry Potter, alias Robin Hood, has to fight the Norman yoke, an English myth haunting the nation since the Norman invasion in 1066. The series displays as a national model an apparently paternalistic Anglo-Saxon feudal society marked by tolerance and liberty as opposed to foreign rule. Second, by establishing parallels to events which took place in Nazi Germany, the series takes up the idea of fighting it, which is a popular topos in British (children's) literature which serves to reinforce a positive self-image.
29
Rich, David Alan. "Armed Ukrainians in L’viv: Ukrainian Militia, Ukrainian Police, 1941 to 1942." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 48, no. 3 (2014): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04803002.
Full textAbstract:
Who were the Ukrainians who participated in the exterminatory violence that swept eastern Galicia following the German invasion of the USSR in June 1941? Records show that they represented diverse political and demographic strata. Those most distant from nationalist roots, however, demonstrated the highest lethality and greatest willingness to serve as disciplined agents of Nazi genocide. The cycles of violence in German-occupied Galicia were far from uniform in character. The victims and German perpetrators alike rarely differentiated among the Ukrainians doing the violence. The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) “task groups” first entered Galicia to establish Ukranian nationalist authority and in Lemberg participated in a few days of blood-letting until disbanded by the SS. A new, better controlled Ukrainian militia likewise proved unreliable except in self-actuated violence, and was disbanded. Finally, in late July 1941 a standing Ukrainian Auxiliary Police force – different in structure, membership, subordination, and motivation – came into being. It participated centrally in the rendering of Lemberg as Judenfrei, as security and civil authorities orchestrated the murder of Lemberg’s 150,000 Jews over the following two years.
30
Moeller, Robert G. "Die Deutsche Kriegsgesellschaft 1939 bis 1945. Politisierung, Vernichtung, Überleben. Edited by Jörg Echternkamp. Band 9, Halbband 1, Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg. Edited by Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt. Munich: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. 2004. Pp. xi+993. €49.80. ISBN 3-421-06236-6. Die Deutsche Kriegsgesellschaft 1939 bis 1945. Ausbeutung, Deutungen, Ausgrenzung. Edited by Jörg Echternkamp. Band 9, Halbband 2, Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg. Edited by Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt. Munich: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. 2005. Pp. xiii+1112. €49.80. ISBN 3-421-06528-4." Central European History 39, no. 2 (2006): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906320122.
Full textAbstract:
During the Second World War, Germans fought a “two-front war.” A “community of fate” bound together Germans at home and Germans in uniform who carried the war beyond Germany's borders. “Between 1939 and 1945, there was no doubt that civilians were no longer excluded from the fighting; they found themselves right in the middle of it—as actors, as observers, and as those who bore the suffering” (part 1, p. 2) of the war. The Nazi leadership knew this from the start, and only days after the Nazi invasion of Poland, Hermann Göring was exhorting a factory workforce to remember: “We are now all fighters at the front!”(part 1, p. 8). Jörg Echternkamp reminds us of this in his introduction to this massive two-part volume, the latest installment in the history of Germany in the Second World War that has occupied historians of the Military History Research Office (Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, or MGFA) for the last twenty-five years. Echternkamp is the editor, and he deserves enormous credit for pulling together a collection of twenty essays—some of which could easily stand on their own as monographs, all of which are grounded in staggering amounts of original research—that not only summarize what we know about the impact of the war on the homefront in Germany, but also add considerably to that knowledge. Previous volumes in the MGFA series (seven of which are available from Oxford University Press in English translation) have focused primarily on the military planning, the war at the front, and the organization of the war economy at home. In the more than 2,000 pages of this two-part volume, contributors turn their attention to the impact of the war on German society. The results are extremely impressive, and what Echternkamp has brought together will be the starting point for anyone who wants to understand the war at home in Germany.
31
Neuberger, Joan. "The Filmmaker in Wartime: Sergei Eisenstein Inside and Out." Slavic Review 79, no. 1 (2020): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2020.10.
Full textAbstract:
In 1941, Sergei Eisenstein had a decision to make. Iosif Stalin commissioned him to make a film about Ivan the Terrible, and in the months that followed he vacillated about how to depict the bloody tyrant. The Nazi invasion in June temporarily distracted him from work on the film, but by the time he was evacuated to Alma Ata in October, Eisenstein was committed to making the defiantly unorthodox, transgressive film that we have. What changed? The bombing of Moscow in July compelled Eisenstein to reflect on his public and private responsibilities and on individualism and collectivism in ways that complicated those categories and clarified his determination to make Ivan the Terrible a serious study of political power and violence. His diary from this period contributes a first-hand account of the bombing, and shows us Eisenstein's thinking about the political implications of interior and exterior at this critical stage in his life and work. This text, unpublished and unintended for publication, gives us a voice and a spectrum of positions that we have not heard before on this key set of discourses in Soviet history.
32
Midlarsky, Manus I. "International Affinity and the Prevention of Genocide." Global Responsibility to Protect 6, no. 4 (2014): 453–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00604006.
Full textAbstract:
The question of the absence of genocides where they might have been expected is an important one; answering this question successfully can help establish the empirical validity or instead, disconfirmation, of proposed explanations for genocide’s occurrence. Affinity of populations or governments (ethnoreligiously similar or ideologically sympathetic) with the power and influence to actively intervene or to provoke intervention on behalf of the victims is understood to be a major genocide preventive. Cases examined include a contrast between Greek survival and genocide of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, the absence of the genocide of Jews in Poland at the time of the Partitions, absence of genocide of the Irish Catholics by the British after the First World War, and a contrast between the absence of the Holocaust in the early stages of the Nazi occupation of Europe, but its presence upon the German invasion of Russia in 1941. Protection of threatened populations in peacetime but their extreme vulnerability in time of war is a paradox of the affinity condition. Implications of affinity for R2P are developed in the international propagation of the R2P norm and the deft use of the diplomacy in the service of protecting threatened populations.
33
Molodiakov, Vasili E. "Charles Maurras, “Action française” and the Problem of War and Peace in Europe: from the ‘Anschluss’ of Austria up to Nazi Invasion into Poland." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 60 (December 12, 2019): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2019-0-4-374-388.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyzes the views on the “peace and war in Europe” problem upheld by the French right-conservative, nationalist and royalist movement “Action française” and its leader Charles Maurras (1868-1952) in the 1930s. Ever the advocates of the severe policy towards Germany, France’s rearmament and “Latin solidarity” with Italy, Spain and Portugal, Maurras and his followers strongly protested against anti-Italian sanctions during Italo-Ethiopian war, against military help to the Republicans during Spanish civil war and supported peaceful solution of Sudetan and Dantzig crises. Contrary to the allegations of bellicist propaganda, their activities were motivated not by any sympathy to “Fascist” states or “defeatism’ but by the efforts to avoid war on three fronts (against Germany, Italy and Spain) and to gain time for France’s rearmament and strengthening of its military power.
34
Eliot, Karen. "Marking Time: The British Danseur and the Second World War." Dance Research Journal 37, no. 1 (2005): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767700008354.
Full textAbstract:
Few Britons could resist the powerful rhetoric of Winston Churchill, whose words to the House of Commons in June 1940 (Churchill 1989) called upon all men, women, and children to do their utmost to serve the war effort. During the worst of the bombings, from 1940 to 1941, in what came to be known as “the blitz,” London and its populace were transformed. J. B. Priestly noted that “for once, [we] felt free, companionable, even—except while waiting for the explosions—lighthearted.” Fear, anxiety, the sense of struggle, or so the story goes, pulled Londoners together and united them in a sense of camaraderie that broke down centuries-old class barriers (Ziegler 1995, 165–166).Among the commonly accepted myths of the British participation in the Second World War was this one—perpetuated by British authorities and some later historians—that all classes and all people were united in common cause against the enemy. While true on some levels, the picture of an island nation joined in communal sacrifice during the “People's War” masks the underlying societal anxieties that muffled differences of opinion and threatened those who did not adopt accepted notions of patriotism. Vera Brittain, writing at a key point during the world conflict, noted that the Nazi invasions of Europe “produced a rising clamour against unpopular minorities throughout England,” and that “both government and people are temporarily seized by a panic of suspicion” (Brittain 1941, 33). In his examination of the twentieth-century manifestations of British nationalism, Patrick Wright, for one, noted that exclusionary impulses, emerging under the threat of foreign invasion, were linked to subtle but prevalent patterns of anti-Semitism prior to and during the war years (Wright 1985).
35
Böhler, Jochen. "Ordinary Clerks or Trailblazers of Destruction? – The ‘First Wave' of Chiefs of Civil Administration and Their Implementation of Nazi Policy During the German Invasion of Poland in 1939." Dapim: Studies on the Holocaust 29, no. 1 (2014): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23256249.2014.969471.
Full text
36
BRODIE, THOMAS. "German Society at War, 1939–45." Contemporary European History 27, no. 3 (2018): 500–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777318000255.
Full textAbstract:
The actions, attitudes and experiences of German society between 1939 and 1945 played a crucial role in ensuring that the Second World War was not only ‘the most immense and costly ever fought’ but also a conflict which uniquely resembled the ideal type of a ‘total war’. The Nazi regime mobilised German society on an unprecedented scale: over 18 million men served in the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS, and compulsoryVolkssturmduty, initiated as Allied forces approached Germany's borders in September 1944, embraced further millions of the young and middle-aged. The German war effort, above all in occupied Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, claimed the lives of millions of Jewish and gentile civilians and served explicitly genocidal ends. In this most ‘total’ of conflicts, the sheer scale of the Third Reich's ultimate defeat stands out, even in comparison with that of Imperial Japan, which surrendered to the Allies prior to an invasion of its Home Islands. When the war in Europe ended on 8 May 1945 Allied forces had occupied almost all of Germany, with its state and economic structures lying in ruins. Some 4.8 million German soldiers and 300,000 Waffen SS troops lost their lives during the Second World War, including 40 per cent of German men born in 1920. According to recent estimates Allied bombing claimed approximately 350,000 to 380,000 victims and inflicted untold damage on the urban fabric of towns and cities across the Reich. As Nicholas Stargardt notes, this was truly ‘a German war like no other’.
37
KSENOFONTOV, VLADIMIR. "CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN WORLD - A SPIRITUAL SLOGAN FACTOR OF VICTORY IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 2 (2020): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-2-169-173.
Full textAbstract:
The article reveals the essence and specificity of culture as an important component of the spiritual factor of victory. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of fiction. The article substantiates the moral and aesthetic impact on the consciousness of defenders of the Motherland, such works of art as“They fought for the Motherland”,“Leningrad poem”,“Russian character”,“Invasion”, etc. The article describes the significant role of theatrical art, which reveals the moral values of the people and Soviet soldiers. This is reflected in such plays as: “the Front”; “the Guy from our city”; “Once upon a time”, etc. The article substantiates the important role of the spiritual influence of cinema on Soviet people. This influence was realized through artistic images of selfless service to the Motherland, loyalty to military duty. Among these films: “Two fighters”, “Wait for me”, “Front-line friends”. During the war, as the article emphasizes, an important component of the spiritual factor of victory was the musical art. Activities in this area of culture famous musicians:B. Astafiev, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, A. Alexandrov, V. Soloviev-Sedoy, and others, was implemented in operas, symphonies, cantatas and songs, which by their nature emotional expression differed Patriotic and epic strength. The purpose of the research : to reveal the axiological components, culture of the Russian world, as important components, spiritual factor during the great Patriotic war. Conclusions : the culture of the Russian world at various stages of the great Patriotic War, through a variety of means and forms, actively mobilized all Soviet people to defend the Motherland and defeat Nazi Germany. The spiritual culture of our country and its types, in the course of functioning, during the war, clearly and expressively revealed the idea of patriotism, courage, bravery and heroism, and encouraged the Soviet people, the soldiers of the red Army, to achieve a great Victory.
38
Montagnoli, Corrado. "From the Adriatic to the Black Sea: The Italian economic and military expansion endeavour in the Balkan-Danube area." Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej 8 (December 30, 2019): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2300-0562.08.07.
Full textAbstract:
During the years that followed the end of the Great War, the Adriatic area found itself in a period of deep economic crisis due to the emptiness caused by the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The ancient Habsburg harbours, which had recently turned Italian, had lost their natural positions of Mitteleuropean economic outlets toward the Mediterranean due to the new political order of Central-Eastern Europe. Rome, then, attempted a series of economic manoeuvres aimed at improving Italian trade in the Julian harbours, first of all the port of Trieste, and at encouraging Italian entrepreneurial penetration in the Balkans. Resolved in a failure, the desire for commercial boost toward the oriental Adriatic shore coincided with the Dalmatian Irredentism and became a topic for claiming the 1941 military intervention across the Balkan peninsula. Italian geopoliticians, who had just developed the geopolitical discipline in Italy, made the Adriatic-Balkan area one of their most discussed topics. The fascist geopolitical project aimed at creating an economic aisle between the Adriatic and the Black Sea, in order to bypass the Turkish straits and become completion and outlet toward the Mediterranean of the Nazi Baltic-Mitteleuropean space in the north. Rome attempted the agreement with the other Danubian States, which subscribed the Tripartite Pact, in order to create a kind of economic cooperation area under the Italian lead. Therefore, the eastern Italian geopolitical border would have been traced farther from national limes. Rome would have projected his own interests as far as the Danubian right riverside, sharing with Berlin the southern part of that area consisting of territories historically comprehended (and contented) between German and Russian spheres of interest, which the Reich intended to reorganise after the alleged Soviet Union defeat. These Countries, framed by the Baltic, Mediterranean and Black See shores, found themselves entangled once more by geopolitical ties enforced by the interests of foreign Countries.
 However, these projects remained restricted to paper: the invasion of Yugoslavia turned into a failure and exposed Italy's military weakness; Rome proved to have no authority about the New Order organisation. Italy could dream up about its power only among magazines pages.
39
Monika, Lastry. "Kedaulatan Negara dan Subjek Homo Sacer dalam Film The Pianist Berdasarkan Perspektif Giorgio Agamben." Wanastra: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 12, no. 2 (2020): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/w.v12i2.8786.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis film The Pianist yang disutradarai oleh Roman Polanski pada tahun 2002. Analisis tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan sudut pandang filsafat politik yang dikemukakan oleh Giorgio Agamben. Analisis dalam penelitian ini ialah mengenai kondisi sosial ketika terjadinya invasi Polandia oleh Jerman Nazi yang totaliter pada tahun 1939 yang tervisualisasi dalam film The Pianist. Kondisi sosial yang dimaksud di antaranya berupa HAM masyarakat sipil yang menjadi suatu problematik bagi Polandia jika dilindungi atau tidak dilindungi dan kelompok-kelompok yang di-homo sacer-kan ketika terjadinya invasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Polandia berada di luar hukum atau menangguhkan hukum untuk melindungi dirinya dari invasi Jerman Nazi. Oleh sebab itu, Polandia tidak memenuhi kewenangannya untuk memberi keamanan, keadilan, dan pelayanan sosial, terutama terhadap kelompok yang di-homo sacer-kan. Kelompok-kelompok yang di-homo sacer-kan dalam hal ini ialah Yahudi Polandia. Kelompok Yahudi Polandia mengalami penangguhan dan diskriminasi terhadap hak kewarganegaraan mereka. Penangguhan dan diskriminasi tersebut merupakan dampak dari kewenangan Polandia yang berada di luar hukum untuk melindungi kedaulatan negara atas invasi Jerman Nazi.
40
Marszewska, Anna, Kamila Kopczyńska, Anna Cichy, and Elżbieta Żbikowska. "Infestation of Bivalvia by Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) in thermally polluted lakes." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 48, no. 1 (2019): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2019-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Unionid mussel species belong to one of the most threatened invertebrate groups on Earth. Biological invasions, especially those by filtering species, are parti cularly harmful to nati ve Unionidae species. In Poland, a significantly disturbing situati on of native Unionidae is observed in thermally polluted aquatic ecosystems. Such water bodies have favorable conditions for the settlement of alien mollusks, including Sinanodonta woodiana or Corbicula fluminea, whose shells can potenti ally be a beneficial substrate for Dreissena polymorpha. The objecti ve of the presented research was to check whether zebra mussels can hinder the invasion of alien species of bivalve mollusks in thermally polluted waters. Our results indicate that with the increase in thermal polluti on associated with the growing invasion of alien species of bivalves, D. polymorpha infestations of clams decrease considerably, which leads to the conclusion that D. polymorpha does not pose a significantnatural threat to bivalves in the lakes under study.
41
McGilvray, Evan. "Poland Betrayed. The Nazi-Soviet Invasions of 1939, by Williamson, David G." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 23, no. 4 (2010): 706–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2010.526035.
Full text
42
Nazario, Luiz. "Os filmes-testemunhos de Julien Bryan." Arquivo Maaravi: Revista Digital de Estudos Judaicos da UFMG 14, no. 27 (2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/1982-3053.2020.24553.
Full textAbstract:
Em 1937, o documentarista americano Julien Bryan obteve uma surpreendente permissão das autoridades alemãs para registrar o dia a dia da Alemanha de Hitler. Depois de filmar paradas nazistas e a população bem nutrida entre bandeiras com suásticas, de passagem pela Polônia testemunhou e filmou a invasão do país pelos nazistas. Seus registros Inside Nazi Germany (1938) e Siege (1940) testemunharam eventos históricos sem precedentes, do antissemitismo explícito nas ruas de Berlim à invasão da Polônia pelas tropas alemãs que deram início à Segunda Guerra Mundial.
43
Shegaonkar, Akash, Shilpa Patel, Niharika Swain, Jigna Pathak, Rashmi Hosalkar, and Rutuj Waghmare. "Evaluation and Correlation of Clinicopathological Parameters of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Gingivobuccal Sulcus with Lymph Node Status - A Retrospective Institutional Analysis in Navi Mumbai." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 30 (2021): 2294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/469.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND Mortality and Morbidity rates in the patients diagnosed with oral cancers remain static despite availability of advanced diagnostic and treatment modalities. For improving the survival status of the patients, a thorough understanding of the factors that predicts the progression of oral cancer is necessary to determine appropriate line of treatment. To do so in practise, critical knowledge regarding the prognostic factors that has high sensitivity holds immense importance. For determination of prognosis in oral cancer patients, clinical and histopathological parameters are widely used for assessment of treatment strategies. The primary objective of this study was to determine the clinical and histopathological prognostic factors in patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma of gingivobuccal sulcus (GBSSCC) treated by surgical intervention (neck dissection). METHODS Histopathological evaluation of archived samples of 60 GBSSCC patients which were treated by surgical intervention (Neck Dissection) in the time period from January 2011 to December 2020. Recurrent cases were excluded. Clinicopathological parameters such as age, sex, habit, tumour site, tumour size, tumour differentiation, depth of invasion, bone invasion, muscle invasion, perineural invasion & extracapsular spread were evaluated & then correlated with lymphnode status. RESULTS Among all the parameters, variables like habit (tobacco use) (P = 0.045), tumour size (P = 0.003), perineural invasion (P = 0.000) emerged as independent prognosticators and significantly correlated to the lymph node status of the patients. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that habit, tumour size, perineural invasion to be consistent, easy to assess and reliable independent prognosticators which are significantly correlated to the lymph node status. To conclude, it is of paramount importance to include the aforementioned prognosticators in histopathological reports for the prediction of clinical outcome and archiving of valued data for future analysis. KEY WORDS Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Gingivobuccal sulcus, Lymph Node Status, ClinicoPathological Prognosticators
44
Debouzie, D., and F. Wimmer. "Models for winter rape crop invasion by the stem weevil Ceuthorrhynchus napi Gyll. (Col., Curculionidae)." Journal of Applied Entomology 114, no. 1-5 (1992): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1992.tb01130.x.
Full text
45
Fives-Taylor, P., D. Meyer, and K. Mintz. "Characteristics of Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans Invasion of and Adhesion to Cultured Epithelial Cells." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 1 (1995): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374950090011001.
Full textAbstract:
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) is highly implicated in periodontitis. We have developed several in vitro models using the KB oral cell line to examine A.a.-epithelial cell interactions. In support of the use of KB cell line model systems is our finding that A.a. invaded KB and primary gingival cells to the same extent. Invasion is an active event which requires new protein synthesis by both KB and A.a. Like many other intracellular parasites, A.a. invade by receptor-mediated endocytosis. We observed that internalized A.a. were surrounded by foci of actin which had been transported from the periphery of the KB cell. Adhesion of A.a. to KB cells occurred rapidly and stimulated the formation of microvilli. Adhesion is affected by both host factors (saliva, serum, [NaCI]) and culture conditions. Multiple determinants [fimbriae, outer membrane proteins, vesicles, and/or an extracellular amorphous material (ExAmMat)] which are either associated with the A.a. surface or are released into the milieu are involved. We determined that ExAmMat can convey adhesiveness to weakly adherent A.a. and to at least one other oral species (Streptococcus parasanguis).
46
Brown, D. R., L. A. Zacher, and W. G. Farmerie. "Spreading Factors of Mycoplasma alligatoris, a Flesh-Eating Mycoplasma." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 12 (2004): 3922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.12.3922-3927.2004.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Mycoplasma alligatoris causes lethal invasive disease of alligators and caimans. A homolog of the nagH gene, encoding a hyaluronidase secreted by Clostridium perfringens, and a C. perfringens hyaluronidase nagI or nagK pseudogene were discovered in the M. alligatoris genome. The nagH gene was detected by PCR in the closest relative of M. alligatoris, Mycoplasma crocodyli, but not in 40 other species representing the Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Spiroplasma phylogenetic clusters. The hyaluronidase activity in the cellular fraction of M. alligatoris and M. crocodyli SP4 broth cultures was equivalent to 10−16 U of Streptomyces hyalurolyticus hyaluronidase CFU−1. Negligible activity was present in the cell-free supernatant fraction. No chondroitinase activity was detected. There is also a novel homolog of the nanI gene, which encodes a sialidase secreted by C. perfringens, in the M. alligatoris genome. The signature YRIP and SXDXGXTW motifs and catalytic residues of the clostridial sialidase are conserved in the mycoplasmal gene, but the leader sequence necessary for its secretion by C. perfringens is absent. The gene was not detected by PCR in any other mycoplasma. Potent cell-associated sialidase activity was present in M. alligatoris colonies on agar but not in the cell-free supernatants of broth cultures or in M. crocodyli. The presence of hyaluronidase and sialidase in M. alligatoris is consistent with the rapid invasiveness and necrotizing effects of this organism, and the lack of sialidase in M. crocodyli is consistent with its comparatively attenuated virulence. This genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that the spreading factors hyaluronidase and sialidase, a combination unprecedented in mycoplasmas, are the basis of the virulence of M. alligatoris.
47
Borucki, Wojciech. "Proliferation of peroxisomes in pea root nodules - an influence of NaCI- or Hg2+- stress conditions." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 76, no. 4 (2011): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2007.032.
Full textAbstract:
Morphometric procedures were used to examine peroxisome number and di-stribution in pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.) root nodules under NaCl (50 mM) or HgCl<sub>2</sub> (7.3 µM) treatment. Peroxisomes were visualized cytochemically in meristem, invasion zone and prefixing zone of pea root nodules by catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity. The observations using light and electron microscopy revealed that the peroxisomes were predominantly spherical in shape and showed catalase activity. In nitrogen fixation zone, catalase active peroxisomes were observed occasionally. Bacteroids of nitrogen fixing zone showed enhanced cata-lase activity probably as a response to higher level of oxidative stress. Fluorescence microscopy investigations revealed enhanced level of (homo)glutathione in prefixing and nitrogen-fixing zone of NaCl- and Hg<sup>2+</sup>treated nodules, which served as an indicator of antioxidative response. Morphometric measurements revealed that during differentiation of meristematic cells into central tissue (bacteroidal tissue) cells an increase in peroxisome number was observed in unstressed nodules. Peroxisomes located in meristem, invasion zone and prefixing zone of NaCl- and Hg<sup>2+</sup>-treated nodules outnumbered that in control nodules. A substantial enlargement of peroxisome profiles was detected in NaCl- and Hg<sup>2+</sup>treated nodules. Peroxisome divisions observed in meristematic and infection thread penetration zone were responsible for an increase in peroxisome number.
48
Коrzun, Оlena. "ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH WORK ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REICHSKOMMISSARIAT «UKRAINE»." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 40 (2019): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.14.
Full textAbstract:
Agricultural research as a system of permanent research institutes for agricultural needs during the Second World War on the territory of Ukraine has proved to be a remarkable period in the study of the history of science. Within 6 years it changed its structure several times to meet the needs of the party that captured Ukrainian territories: in Western Ukraine from the Polish model to the Soviet one; under fascist occupation - to meet the needs of the Germans and Romanians; evacuation and re-evacuation, which also required reorganization, re-institutionalization of the institutions to new climatic conditions in the critical situation of the war time. A separate aspect of the research is an analysis of changes in the organizational structure of the agrarian research institutes during the German occupation. This article is aimed at analyzing the organizational structure of agricultural research in the period of the German occupation during World War II on the territory of the Reichskommissariat «Ukraine» on the basis of original sources. The analysis of these issues will allow us to reflect on the events of the World War II more closely, better understand the plans of Nazi Germany on the development of Ukrainian lands meant for the prospective settlement of the Germans, the organizational drawbacks of the Soviet agricultural research and Nazi’s attempts to overcome them. Utilization of the Ukrainian arable farm lands became a major geostrategic and military aspect German invasion plans. For the effective exploitation of this territory, all German scientific forces were united to study the agricultural potential of the occupied lands. With the establishment of new occupation authorities in Ukraine, their primary actions were to collect maximum information from scientific documentation and materials on breeding, to involve the best local scientists to projects aimed at deep study of the occupied territories for the prospective German settlers. The main organization responsible for the collection and export of scientific material from the occupied territories was the Rosenberg Operational Headquarters, which collaborated with the Imperial Ministry of Occupied Eastern Territories. The departments of this ministry belonged to the Central Research Service of the East, under supervision of all German scholars who came for scientific work on the territory of the Reichscommissariat «Ukraine». In order to study the scientific potential of the agricultural sector in the autumn of 1941, the Center for Research of Agriculture and Forestry for Northwestern Ukraine was created. During 1942-1943 agricultural scientific institutions accounted to the Institute of Local Lore and Economic Research, and later to the National Research Center with the allocation of a separate Special Group on Agricultural Research. This structure allowed the occupational authorities to control the institutional, financial, personnel and scientific issues of the institutions and integrate domestic agricultural research with the German science management. Despite the presence of the Ukrainian administration representatives in each agricultural research institute, all issues were resolved solely by the German authorities subordinated to the Imperial Ministry of Occupied Eastern Territories The occupation authorities planned to use the scientific potential of these institutions for better development of the invaded territories. This issue was in the center of attention, both for economic, scientific and ideological benefits of the new government. With approaching military actions, German curators were ordered to export scientific records, elite seed funds and valuable literature. At the beginning of 1945, researchers of agricultural research institutes and scientific documentation were scattered among different German institutions in Poland and Germany. Thus, despite numerous difficulties caused on the territory of Ukrainian lands by the Second World War and German interference into the organizational framework of agricultural science, this situation proved to have a positive turn, because Ukrainian scientists never ceased their work, managed to preserve the agricultural potential of Ukraine.
49
Nabi, G., P. Cash, and J. N’Dow. "Identification of urinary markers using proteomics analysis of urine in patients with bladder cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 14605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14605.
Full textAbstract:
14605 Background: The discovery of new urinary markers for non-invasive detection and surveillance of bladder carcinoma remains an active field of current research with an aim to replace invasive investigations such as cystoscopy. We have analysed the urinary proteomes of patients with bladder tumor and compared them the urinary proteomes of a healthy volunteer control group to detect putative, tumour specific urinary markers for bladder tumor. Methods: 24 hour and midstream samples were collected from healthy volunteers and patients with newly diagnosed bladder tumours. Urinary proteins were isolated by a technique previously described by our group (Nabi G, N’Dow J, Hasan ST, Boot IR, Cash P. Proteomic analysis of urine in patients with intestinal segments transposed into the urinary tract. Proteomics. 2005 Apr;5(6):1729–33.)1. Proteins were resolved by 1-dimenional (1-DE) and two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The proteins that differed when analysed by either 1-DE or 2-DE between patients and controls were identified using peptide mass mapping. Results: Six patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer and 5 healthy volunteers were recruited into this study. All patients were found to have superficial transitional cell carcinoma with high grade (3 with grade 3, 3 with grade 2) on subsequent histopathological examination. For the same individual no detectable differences were observed in the protein profiles of midstream and 24 hour urinary samples when analysed by either 1DE or 2-DE. However, between patient and controls a number of proteins differed in abundance and these were identified. Proteins that were present in patients, but absent in controls, included FK506 binding protein 6 isoform, apolipoprotein A-IV, paraliprotein and lipid binding protein. Conclusions: The present study identified some of the novel urinary biomarkers in present with bladder cancer. Some of these have been shown to change their expression with deeper invasion of disease and might be useful in predicting behaviour of superficial bladder cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
50
Ogasawara, Midori. "Surveillance at the Roots of Everyday Interactions: Japan’s Conspiracy Bill and its Totalitarian Effects." Surveillance & Society 15, no. 3/4 (2017): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v15i3/4.6626.
Full textAbstract:
Japan’s ultra-right wing government, led by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe since 2012, has been enforcing a number of controversial laws, such as the Secrecy Act and Security Act, which have enhanced surveillance and militarism. Without changing the Constitution, these laws allow the government to undermine the constitutional rights for individuals. The Conspiracy Law, Abe’s next attempt, focuses on placing people’s everyday communications under scrutiny. Against the modern principal of criminal justice, this law criminalizes the communications regarding crimes, without any criminal actions. Due to its extensively invasive character, the bill has been cancelled three times in the Diet in the past decade, but Abe insists that it is necessary for a successful running of 2020 Olympic in Tokyo as an anti-terror measure. While the Olympic gives the authoritarian government the best opportunity to incite nationalism and stabilize the rule, as the Nazi performed in 1936, surveillance comes forth to eliminate both public and private communications that question, criticize or counter the legitimacy of state power.