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Journal articles on the topic 'Nazi, national socialism, pagan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

de Gaál, Emery. "Anselm of Canterbury and the Third Reich: Gottlieb Söhngen on Upholding the Humanum Amid the Inhumane." Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej 20 (2021): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/rtk.2021.20.02.

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Gottlieb Söhngen (1892-1971) is a figure of no small significance: he directed both Joseph Ratzinger’s (now Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI) dissertation and habilitation, and his writings on Anselm of Canterbury’s theological contri-butions illustrate the struggles of a then still nascent theological discipline: fundamental theology. Söhngen’s explorations occur within the context of National Socialist rule, while he teaches theology at Akademie Braunsberg in the eponymous city located in East Prussia (1937-45) during the dark years of the Third Reich. This investigation shows how very much Söhnge

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Tomaszewicz, Agnieszka, and Joanna Majczyk. "In a Time Loop: Politics and the Ideological Significance of Monuments to Those Who Perished on Saint Anne Mountain (1934–1955, Germany/Poland)." Arts 10, no. 1 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10010017.

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Polish Góra św. Anny (Saint Anne Mountain), previously German Annaberg, is one of the few places in the world where art was utilized to promote two regimes—fascist and communist. With the use of art, the refuge of pagan gods and then, Christian Saint John’s Mountain with Saint Ann’s church and a calvary site were transformed into a mausoleum of the victims of uprisings and wars—those placed by politics on opposite sides of the barricade. The “sacred” character of the mountain was appropriated in the 1930s by the fascist Thingstätte under the form of an open-air theatre with a mausoleum, erecte

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Herf, Jeffrey. "The Rise of National Socialism in Germany." Contemporary European History 10, no. 3 (2001): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301003101.

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Peter Fritzsche, Germans into Nazis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 269 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-674-35091-X.Dan P. Silverman, Hitler's Economy: Nazi Work Creation Programs, 1933–1936 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 384 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0-674-74071-8.Roderick Stackelberg, Hitler's Germany: Origins, Interpretations, Legacies (London and New York: Routledge, 1999), 432 pp., hb, £50.00, ISBN 0-415-2011414-4.Conan Fischer, ed., The Rise of National Socialism and the Working Classes in Weimar Germany (Providence and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1996), 256 pp., hb, $55.00, £

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4

Salter, S. J. "National Socialism, the Nazi Regime and German Society." Historical Journal 35, no. 2 (1992): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00025905.

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LEE, MIA. "Nazis in the Middle East: Assessing Links Between Nazism and Islam." Contemporary European History 27, no. 1 (2016): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777316000333.

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Since the early-2000s there has been an increasing amount of research on connections between the Nazi regime and the Arab world largely spurred by scholars of Germany. One of the key contributions of this scholarship has been the argument that historic links between National Socialism and Islam, in particular the connection between National Socialist racial ideology and contemporary anti-Semitism in the Middle East, persisted into the post-war period and crucially shaped Middle Eastern politics and policies. This approach is represented in this review in the studies by Matthias Küntzel, Jeffre

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Domínguez, Martí. "Science and Nazism. The unconfessed collaboration of scientists with National Socialism." Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació, no. 10 (January 8, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/metode.10.16468.

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This monograph seeks to show the level of involvement of the German academic world with Nazi postulates. Reading the articles, we can deduce that renowned scientists participated in the policies of the Third Reich, fully integrated within Nazi ideology, which resulted in the death and forced displacement of millions of people. This active and often even enthusiastic participation should motivate a deeper reflection on how educated minds of exceptional scientific value were abducted by the Nazi postulates, warning us against the resurgence of totalitarian and far-right movements in the world an

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AVRAHAM, DORON. "RECONSTRUCTING A COLLECTIVE: ZIONISM AND RACE BETWEEN NATIONAL SOCIALISM AND JEWISH RENEWAL." Historical Journal 60, no. 2 (2017): 471–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x16000406.

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AbstractSince the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in 1933, German Zionists initiated a public debate about the racial meaning of Judaism. Drawing on scientific racial, sociological, and anthropological definitions that emerged within Zionism since the late nineteenth century, these Zionists tried to counter Nazi accusations against Jews. However, as the Nazi propaganda against Judaism became widespread, aggressive, and dehumanizing, Zionists responded by traversing the academic outlines of racial categories, and popularized a constructive racial image of Jews, thus hoping to rehabilitate thei

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8

Figiel, Dominik. "The experience of the Hitler Youth - boys in the national-socialism." Journal of Education Culture and Society 5, no. 2 (2020): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20142.112.125.

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Losing the First World War, unemployment, the generation gap and the cult of youth led to the party of Adolf Hitler gaining popularity in the Weimar Republic. Using slogans of the restoration of a strong Germany the national socialists organized structures, which formed and educated German Youth. Hitler Youth – brought up according to the rule: “youth leads youth” – was a very fertile environment for the spread of the idea of national-socialism. The specific values – racial supremacy, honour, obedience – handed down by parents were the beginning of the Nazi indoctrination. In the later period

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9

Laurien, I. "Germany: facing the Nazi past today." Literator 30, no. 3 (2009): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v30i3.89.

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This article gives an overview of the changing debate on National Socialism and the question of guilt in German society. Memory had a different meaning in different generations, shaping distinct phases of dealing with the past, from silence and avoidance to sceptical debate, from painful “Vergangenheitsbewältigung” to a general memory of suffering. In present-day Germany, memory as collective personal memory has faded away. At the same time, literature has lost its role as a main medium to mass media like cinema and television. Furthermore, memory has become fragmented. Large groups of members

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Schmidt, Alexander. "The Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg." Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology 5 (May 24, 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/exnovo.v5i.412.

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The former Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg reflect politics and public debates in Germany between suppression, non-observance and direct reference to the National Socialist Past since 1945. Within this debate, various ways of dealing with the architectural heritage of the National Socialism exist. Those approaches are often contradictory. Since 1945 (and until today), the former Nazi Party Rally Grounds have been perceived as an important heritage. However, despite innumerable tourists visiting the area, parts of the buildings were removed and through ignoring the historic past of the Na

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Majewski, Józef, and Dariusz K. Sikorski. "Ksiądz Hitlera. Myślenie religijne na usługach nazizmu." Studia Religiologica 56, no. 2 (2024): 167–82. https://doi.org/10.4467/20844077sr.23.015.20326.

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In Nazi Germany a small proportion of influential catholic priests openly professed National Socialist ideology and identified themselves with the purposes of the Nazi movement, treating Adolf Hitler as the national Messiah. They were called ‘brown priests’ (braune Priester). Among them was Karl Adam, considered the most distinguished German Catholic theologist of the time. Adam argued in favour of the validity of racist ideas of the National Socialism and proposed a Nazi interpretation of the Jewish origin of Jesus, supporting it with an anti-Jewish interpretation of dogmas on the immaculate

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12

Wutti, Daniel, and Nadja Danglmaier. "Commemorative Signs for Nazi Era Victims across Space and Time – DERLA Kärnten/Koroška." Treatises and Documents, Journal of Ethnic Studies / Razprave in Gradivo, Revija za narodnostna vprašanja 92, no. 92 (2024): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tdjes-2024-0006.

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Abstract In official narratives, Austria was seen for decades as the first victim of Nazi Germany that had to participate in national socialist felonies. A remembrance of “dutiful” soldiers who gave their lives in the “fight for their fatherland” (Kühnel 2022, 199) is over-represented in public space, while the persecuted victims of national socialism are little remembered. The Austria-wide digital platform DERLA, the Digital Memorial Landscape, established in 2023, makes all memorials to the victims of the Nazi era (as well as didactic material) available on the Internet. The analysis of the

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Paver, Chloe. "The Sermon as Discursive Frame for the Nazi Past: Preaching about the German History Exhibition Neue Anfänge nach 1945?" Journal for the History of Rhetoric 26, no. 3 (2023): 331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.26.3.0331.

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Abstract When the history exhibition Neue Anfänge nach 1945? about the transition from National Socialism to democracy toured Lutheran churches in northern Germany in the 2010s, preachers were invited to address it in their Sunday sermons. Like the speeches regularly given by civic dignitaries at German history museums, the sermons drew on democratic traditions of speaking about National Socialism. They also drew on Lutheran discursive traditions: Bible exegesis, homiletics, theology. This article considers how preachers combine a professional knowledge of what should be said about National So

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14

Askanius, Tina. "“I just want to be the friendly face of national socialism”." Nordicom Review 42, s1 (2021): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2021-0004.

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Abstract This article is based on a case study of the media narratives of the neo-Nazi organisation Nordic Resistance Movement (NRM) and situates this particular actor within the broader landscape of violent extremism in Sweden today. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis informed by narrative inquiry, I examine various cultural expressions of neo-Nazi ideology in NRM's extensive repertoire of online media. Theoretically, I turn to cultural perspectives on violent extremism to bring to centre stage the role of popular culture and entertainment in the construction of a meaningful narrative

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Núñez Seixas, Xosé M. "Spanish Views of Nazi Germany, 1933–45: A Fascist Hybridization?" Journal of Contemporary History 54, no. 4 (2018): 858–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417739366.

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From the early 1930s, admiration for Hitler and Nazi Germany became characteristic of Spanish fascists. They were fascinated by the image of National Socialism and its example of ‘national resurgence’. During the war, the influence of Nazi Germany among Spanish fascists, traditionalists and supporters of the emerging Franco regime increased. On their return, Spanish travellers to Nazi Germany portrayed an enthusiastic image of a new society, marked by strong national pride, economic resurgence, social solidarity and material welfare. Until the end of the Second World War, several thousand Span

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16

Fortuna, James J. "Fascism, National Socialism, and the 1939 New York World’s Fair." Fascism 8, no. 2 (2019): 179–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00802008.

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Abstract This article considers the involvement of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany at the 1939 New York World’s Fair. It considers the form, function, and content of the Italian Pavilion designed for this fair and asserts that the prefabricated monumental structure would be best interpreted, not in isolation, but as an element of the larger architectural conversation which continued to unfold across contemporary fascist Europe. Such reconsideration of this building makes it possible to evaluate the relationship between Fascist design, the assertion of political will, and the articulation of nat

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17

Benecke, Jakob, and Jörg-W. Link. "Education under National Socialism: Ideology, Programs and Practice." Locus: Revista de História 28, no. 2 (2022): 64–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2022.v28.38589.

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The article provides a condensed, introductory overview of National Socialist formation education in the Hitler Youth and school. It is based on the author’s own research and relevant presentations. Education under National Socialism was characterized by the interplay of a racist worldview and the regime’s totalitarian will to rule. For Nazi education, this meant that the political took precedence over all social issues, including all issues relevant from the perspective of educational theory. In our analysis, we distinguish between two levels: the level of standardization and the level of edu

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18

Böhnigk, Volker. "A relationship between relativism and nazism. Fact or fiction?" Filozofija i drustvo 27, no. 3 (2016): 625–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1603631b.

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According to a certain view that is dominant in historical research, the wide-spread racial doctrines of the twenties and thirties of the last century is said to have advanced relativism. It is argued, that relativism then became the foundation of National Socialist ideology. In the last instance, relativism is accused of having contributed to the Nazi doctrine of racial extermination. Relativism has a long philosophical tradition. The aim of this investigation is to find out how many of the philosophers who supported National Socialism actually held relativistic views. I will show that the as

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19

Redles, David. "The Nazi Old Guard: Identity Formation During Apocalyptic Times." Nova Religio 14, no. 1 (2010): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2010.14.1.24.

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This paper describes the process of identity formation that occurred just after World War I as certain Germans converted to National Socialism. Based on the autobiographical narratives of early joiners, these self-described Old Fighters, or the Old Guard, recall the Kampfzeit (the struggle-time) as a difficult period of near apocalyptic collapse. Further, they were convinced that National Socialism and its divinely appointed leader Adolf Hitler were the only means of salvation. The Old Guard identified themselves as an elect community given a holy mission to save Germany, indeed the world, fro

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20

Barkan, Elazar, and Stefan Kuhl. "The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism." American Historical Review 100, no. 4 (1995): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168230.

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21

Penchaszadeh, Victor B., and Stefan Kuhl. "The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism and German National Socialism." Journal of Public Health Policy 17, no. 1 (1996): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3342668.

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22

Grill, Johnpeter Horst, and Stefan Kuhl. "The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism." German Studies Review 19, no. 1 (1996): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1431738.

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23

Stauff, Jon, and Stefan Kuhl. "The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism." History Teacher 28, no. 1 (1994): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/494302.

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24

Anheier, Helmut K., and Stefan Kuhl. "The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism." Contemporary Sociology 24, no. 6 (1995): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2076683.

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25

Grebenik, E. "The Nazi Connection. Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism." Population Studies 49, no. 1 (1995): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000148386.

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26

Thomson, M. "The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism." German History 14, no. 1 (1996): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/14.1.109.

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27

Timpano, N. J. "Nazi vs Niebelung: Satirising National Socialism at Harvard's Germanic Museum." Oxford Art Journal 35, no. 3 (2012): 389–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/kcs030.

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28

Blaich, Roland. "Religion under National Socialism: The Case of the German Adventist Church." Central European History 26, no. 3 (1993): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900009134.

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In May of 1948 a letter from Major J. C. Thompson, chief of the Religious Affairs Section of the American Military Government in Berlin, arrived at the General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists in Washington, D.C. Major Thompson's office was responsible for seeing that all Nazis were removed from leadership positions, and his letter was part of an ongoing correspondence about the denomination's need to come to terms with its Nazi past. The Adventist denomination, he complained, was “one of the very few in Berlin which have not cleaned house politically to date. Most of the denominations fin

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Jovanov, Rastko. "Now is the “We-Time.” Heidegger’s ‘Black Notebooks’ read as self-critical reflection of Nazi involvement." Filozofija i drustvo 32, no. 4 (2021): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2104729j.

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The article analyzes Heidegger?s relation to National Socialism based on his private writing in the ?Black Notebooks,? published in their entirety (nine volumes) this year. Although it is indisputable that Heidegger was an enthusiastic adherent of the National Socialist program between 1930 and 1934, his private writings show his avowed philosophical delusion that the National Socialist ?revolution? in Germany was going to bring about a new beginning of philosophy beyond the metaphysical tradition. The article shows how Heidegger criticized National Socialism after 1934, and the circumstances

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Skiles, William S. "Spying in God’s House." Church History and Religious Culture 98, no. 3-4 (2018): 425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09803003.

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AbstractThis article examines the reports of the Gestapo and SD regarding pastors’ criticisms of the Nazi state and its ideology from the authority of the pulpit. My research reveals a degree of public opposition to the regime within the walls of the German churches, especially in terms of Nazi racial ideology and the persecution of Jews. While pastors did not incite resistance to the Nazi regime or conspire to overthrow its leadership, they at times sought to undermine the legitimacy of Nazi claims to truth. The sermons reveal concern among pastors that National Socialism and Christianity are

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von Klemperer, Klemens. "Bishop von Galen: German Catholicism and National Socialism." Central European History 39, no. 1 (2006): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906310060.

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Clemens August Graf von Galen (1878-1946) is popularly known as the “Lion of Münster” for his resolute opposition to Nazism, notably to Hitler's policy of euthanasia that was to cleanse Germany of the mentally retarded. Von Galen was the Bishop of Münster in Westphalia until he became a cardinal in 1946, shortly before his death. In the summer of 1941, he delivered three powerful sermons against euthanasia and the closing of monasteries. The sermons were secretly copied and distributed and also, much to the embarrassment of the Nazi regime, dropped as leaflets by the Royal Air Force over Germa

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Nilsson, Mikael. "Swedish Catholicism and Authoritarian Ideologies: Attitudes to Communism, National Socialism, Fascism, and Authoritarian Conservatism in a Swedish Catholic Journal, 1922–1945." Fascism 5, no. 1 (2016): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00501004.

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This article investigates the attitude to communism, National Socialism, Fascism, and authoritarian conservatism in the Swedish Catholic Church’s journal Credo from 1922 to 1945. The comparative approach has made it possible to see how the journal distinguished between the various forms of authoritarian ideologies in Europe during this period. The article shows that the Catholic Church in Sweden took a very negative view of communism (the Soviet Union and the Spanish Republic) and strongly condemned it throughout the period, while it took a largely very positive stance towards Fascism (Italy)

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Ndoja, Davjola. "German National Socialist Black Metal: Contemporary Neo‑Nazism and the Ongoing Struggle with Antisemitism." History of Communism in Europe 10 (2019): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/hce2019108.

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This paper is an exploration of the ideology of National Socialism in the work and activity of the German terrorist group and Black Metal band Absurd. Historians are divided—and many have criticized how postwar Germany dealt with denazification—, but the fact is that Nazi ideology has been part of the political and social spheres in Germany since then. Neo‑Nazism saw a revival especially in the first years after unification, which coincided with the beginning of Absurd’s story and career. Today, they hold the title of the National Socialist Black Metal act par excellence, with a 28‑year music

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Emberland, Terje. "Neither Hitler nor Quisling: The Ragnarok Circle and Oppositional National Socialism in Norway." Fascism 4, no. 2 (2015): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00402004.

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From 1935 to 1945, Ragnarok was the most radical national socialist publication in Norway. The Ragnarok Circle regarded themselves as representatives of a genuine National Socialism, deeply rooted in Norwegian soil and intrinsically connected to specific virtues inherent in the ancient Norse race. This combination of Germanic racialism, neo-paganism, and the cult of the ‘Norwegian tribe’, led them to criticize not only all half-hearted imitators of National Socialism within Quisling’s Nasjonal Samling, but also Hitler’s Germany when its politics were deemed to be in violation of National Socia

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Eicher, John. "Rustic Reich: The Local Meanings of (Trans)National Socialism among Paraguay's Mennonite Colonies." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 4 (2018): 998–1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417518000361.

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AbstractThis article compares two German-speaking Mennonite colonies in Paraguay and their encounters with Nazism during the 1930s. It focuses on their understandings of the Nazi bid for transnationalvölkischunity. Latin America presents a unique context for studying the Nazis’ relationship to German-speakers abroad because it held the allure of being the last prospect for German cultural and economic expansion, but was simultaneously impossible for the German state to invade. The Menno Colony was made up of voluntary migrants from Canada who arrived in Paraguay in the 1920s. The Fernheim Colo

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Merziger, Patrick. "Humour in Nazi Germany: Resistance and Propaganda? The Popular Desire for an All-Embracing Laughter." International Review of Social History 52, S15 (2007): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859007003240.

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Two directions in the historiography of humour can be diagnosed: on the one hand humour is understood as a form of resistance, on the other hand it is taken as a means of political agitation. This dichotomy has been applied especially to describe humour in National Socialism and in other totalitarian regimes. This article argues that both forms were marginal in National Socialism. The prevalence of the “whispered jokes”, allegedly the form of resistance, has been exaggerated. The satire, allegedly the official and dominant form of humour, was not well-received by the National Socialistic publi

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Wessel, Martin Schulze. "Die Deutschen Christen im Nationalsozialismus und die Lebendige Kirche im Bolschewismus – zwei kirchliche Repräsentationen neuer politischer Ordnungen." Journal of Modern European History 3, no. 2 (2005): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944_2005_2_147.

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The Nazi-oriented «German Christians» and the «Living Church» in Bolshevism – Two Religious Manifestations of New Political Orders Using the examples of the «Living Church» in the early Soviet Union and the «German Christians Religious Movement» in Nazi Germany, the article compares two church bodies which emphatically supported the new political orders against tendencies in the more traditional sections of their Churches. Both designed a political theology conforming to the core elements of the new political ideology (heroisation of the faith, glorification of nation and race in National Soci

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Mennen, Kristian. "‘Milksops’ and ‘Bemedalled Old Men’: War Veterans and the War Youth Generation in the Weimar Republic." Fascism 6, no. 1 (2017): 13–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00601002.

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This article reconsiders traditional assumptions about the connection between the First World War and the rise of National Socialism in Germany, according to which politically radicalised war veterans joined the Freikorps after the war and formed the backbone of the Nazi membership and electorate. In questioning this view, the article first traces the political paths of actual veterans’ organisations. Whereas the largest veterans’ organisations were not politically active, the most distinctive ones – Reichsbanner and Stahlhelm – were not primarily responsible for a ‘brutalisation’ or radicalis

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Kunkeler, Nathaniël. "Organising National Socialism: Nazi Organisation in Sweden and the Netherlands, 1931–1939." Contemporary European History 30, no. 3 (2021): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777321000230.

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This article compares the party apparatuses of the National Socialist Movement of the Netherlands and the National Socialist Workers’ Party of Sweden. These two parties, founded in the 1930s, both to some extent mimicked the organisational model of Hitler's party in Germany. While this has been frequently noted, the deployment of this model in practice has not been analysed in any detail. The article explores the specific characters of the Swedish and Dutch fascist party organisations diachronically vis-à-vis propaganda, member activism and internal cohesion, highlighting their changes, succes

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Skiles, William Stewart. "Franz Jägerstätter and the Way of the Cross: Conscientious Objection in the Greater German Reich." Religions 14, no. 1 (2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010048.

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While Jägerstätter’s life and courageous stand against Hitler and National Socialism are well known and documented, the connections between his reading of scripture, his understanding of the way of the cross, and his conscientious objection have not been sufficiently explored by scholars. In his letters and writings, Jägerstätter repeatedly appealed to scripture’s call for the Christian to bear his or her cross and endure suffering, which he then used to support his stand as a conscientious objector to the Nazi regime. In one form or another, he refers to bearing the cross dozens of times in h

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Mayer, Robert. "Hannah Arendt, National Socialism and the Project of Foundation." Review of Politics 53, no. 3 (1991): 469–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500015254.

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Foundation is a crucial concept in Hannah Arendt's work. She was especially interested in modern attempts, successful and unsuccessful, to found new bodies politic. Arendt maintained, however, that totalitarian movements were hostile to the project of foundation. Far from seeking to stabilize the world, totalitarianism set the world in motion and tried to keep it moving. But when we turn to National Socialist ideology itself we discover that foundation was vital to the Nazi project; Hitler understood himself as the founder of his people. Arendt's own interpretation of Nazism is mistaken, but I

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Fikus, Sebastian. "Obozy koncentracyjne jako nowoczesna forma zwalczania przestępczości w Republice Federalnej Niemiec?" Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 40, no. 4 (2019): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.40.4.3.

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CONCENTRATION CAMPS AS A MODERN FORM OF FIGHTING CRIME IN THE GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLICThe problem of participation of the Nazi elites in the structures of the German Federal Republic is increasingly engaging for German historians. Popular, non-academic works also address the issue of joining the police force by former officials of the Third Reich. However, in the German texts it is consistently stressed that Nazi elites did not influence the social and political life of the German Federal Republic. Nevertheless, the debate on reintroducing concentration camps shows the high standing of national

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Williams, Maurice. "Friedrich Rainer, National Socialism, and Postwar Europe: The Historical World of an Austrian Nazi." Austrian History Yearbook 30 (January 1999): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800015976.

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Friedrich Rainer (1903-50?) personified the semiautonomous chieftain who served the Third Reich so well. Born in Carinthia, he worked his way into major party positions in Austria and then, after the Anschluss, moved into crucial posts in the Ostmark. After leading the party in Salzburg, he highlighted his Nazi career by serving as Gauleiter of his native province. Simultaneously he governed the occupied regions in northern Slovenia (Carniola) and later added a role as Hitler's deputy on the Adriatic coast (Istria, Trieste, and environs). He was extremely ambitious, well connected in party cir

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Seeman, Mary V. "Psychiatry in the Nazi Era." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 4 (2005): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370505000405.

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Objectives: To update Canadian psychiatrists on recent information from newly discovered Berlin archives about the actions of physicians, especially psychiatrists, during the era of National Socialism in Germany and to encourage introspection about the role of the medical profession, its relationship with government, and its vulnerability to manipulation by ideology and economic pressures. Method: This is a selective review of the literature on the collaboration of physicians, especially psychiatrists, in the sterilization, experimentation, and annihilation of patients with mental illness befo

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Weiss, Sheila Faith. "Review of: The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism and German National Socialism." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 70, no. 2 (1996): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.1996.0060.

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Baba, Tomokazu. "Du mode d’existence païenne selon Levinas." Studia Phaenomenologica 9, no. 9999 (2009): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studphaen20099special47.

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The religious terminologies in Levinas’ philosophy are not used in frivolous way but transformed into his own philosophical notions. His concept of “paganism” is the one of the example of these reformulations. “Being pagan” is firstly a key concept for his critique of National Socialism in 1930’s, secondly for his phenomenological argument on the fundamental mode of being of human existence. In a philosophically subtle relationship with his master Heidegger, what we call “the mode of being pagan” functions as an important moment in Levinas’ thought before Otherwise than Being. In this paper, t

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Schäfer, Frank L. "IX. Von der Genossenschaft zur Volksgemeinschaft: Juristische Germanistik als Rechtsgeschichte während des Nationalsozialismus." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 132, no. 1 (2015): 323–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga-2015-0112.

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From Cooperative Society to Ethnic Community: German Legal Studies in Legal History during National Socialism. The history of Germanist legal historians during the era of National Socialism is a history of a declining scholarship. The old hierarchy amongst Germanists from the Weimar Republic had vanished, but even the pressure of the NS-state and its organizations did not lead to a new firm order. Although the Germanists adapted their scholarship to the Nazi ideology and although some of them were deeply involved in injustice, they had no really significant influence in the new regime. German

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Pilsworth, Ellen. "Four responses to Nazism." Journal of the British Academy 9 (2021): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/009.059.

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This article examines four memoirs (by Jan Petersen, Sebastian Haffner, Nora Waln, and Hermann Rauschning) published in pre-war Britain which describe their authors� firsthand experience of life under National Socialism. These writers came from across the political spectrum, but by 1940 they had all risked their lives to escape and oppose the Nazi regime from a position of exile. Their powerful memoirs were an attempt to explain to international audiences what exactly had taken place in Germany, and to suggest ways forward. Incorporating a range of approaches, these writers� honest reflections

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Illert, Michael, and Mathias Schmidt. "Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (1885–1964) in the Third Reich." Neurology 95, no. 2 (2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000009785.

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Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (1885–1964) is an internationally known Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology. During the time of National Socialism (1933–1945), he worked in the Charite University Hospital Berlin and moved to Kiel University as Head of the Department for Psychiatry and Neurology in 1938. Until the turn of the millennium, Creutzfeldt was considered to be of moral integrity and an opponent of the Nazi regime and its eugenics measures. Publications of the last years came to the conclusion that this depiction does not hold up. They questioned his relations to the ideas and structures of

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Buller, Andreas. "Morality and Language of National Socialism." Ethical Thought 20, no. 2 (2020): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2020-20-2-80-99.

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This article presents an analysis of the diaries of the well-known German philologist of Jewish origin Victor Klemperer, who kept them in the Third Reich. From the perspective of these diaries, the author of the article examines the three central problems of the totalitarian language: the problem of its genesis and dissemination, the problem of the relationship of language with the ideology and morality of Nazi society, and, finally, the problem of personal responsibility, especially the responsibility of public persons for the public language. Klemperer asks himself a question that we must

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