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Journal articles on the topic 'Nb3Sn superconductor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Talantsev, Evgeny F., Evgeniya G. Valova-Zaharevskaya, Irina L. Deryagina, and Elena N. Popova. "Characteristic Length for Pinning Force Density in Nb3Sn." Materials 16, no. 14 (2023): 5185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145185.

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The pinning force density, Fp, is one of the main parameters that characterize the resilience of a superconductor to carrying a dissipative-free transport current in an applied magnetic field. Kramer (1973) and Dew-Hughes (1974) proposed a widely used scaling law for this quantity, where one of the parameters is the pinning force density maximum, Fp,max, which represents the maximal performance of a given superconductor in an applied magnetic field at a given temperature. Since the late 1970s to the present, several research groups have reported experimental data on the dependence of Fp,max on

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2

Rodrigues, D., A. J. Garratt-Reed, and S. Foner. "Experimental determination of k-factors for grain boundary analysis of alloyed Nb3Sn superconductor wires." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 1008–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172772.

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In superconductors the critical current densities are limited by the ability of the pinning centers in the material to pin flux lines. In A15-type superconductor wires, such as Nb3Sn, the pinning centers are the boundaries of A15 grains formed during the reaction heat treatment between the Nb and Sn at 650-750°C. The pinning behavior in these wires usually relates the average grain size and average composition of the A15 phase to the pinning force measured for the same wire. Few publications described the variations of the pinning behavior due to changes in the grain and grain-boundary composi

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3

Hall, Ernest L., Lee E. Rumaner, and Mark G. Benz. "Interfacial studies in Nb3Sn superconductors." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087264.

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The intermetallic compound Nb3Sn is a type-II superconductor of interest because it has high values of critical current density Jc in high magnetic fields. One method of forming this compound involves diffusion of Sn into Nb foil containing small amounts of Zr and O. In order to maintain high values of Jc, it is important to keep the grain size in the Nb3Sn as small as possible, since the grain boundaries act as flux-pinning sites. It has been known for many years that Zr and O were essential to grain size control in this process. In previous work, we have shown that (a) the Sn is transported

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4

Han, Xuheng. "The Manufacture and Performance of Low Temperature Superconductors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2152, no. 1 (2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2152/1/012049.

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Abstract The application of Nb3Sn superconductor joints is an important part in the production of ITER, MRI and so on. This paper first introduced the application, like coil of MRI, and basic information including the micro crystal structure of Nb3Sn superconductor, which includes the theoretical critical temperature of 18.1K, even mostly, experiments take place under 4.2K, which is the boiling point of liquid helium. Second, it talked a little about the production of CICC joints in industry. Then, mainly introduced the testing device, material parameters and testing procedures of resistance t

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5

Schiesaro, Irene, Simone Anzellini, Rita Loria, et al. "Anomalous Behavior in the Atomic Structure of Nb3Sn under High Pressure." Crystals 11, no. 4 (2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040331.

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In the present study, the local atomic structure of a Nb3Sn superconductor sample has been probed by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) as a function of hydrostatic pressure (from ambient up to 26 GPa) using a diamond anvil cell set-up. The analysis of the Nb-K edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data was carried out combining standard multi shell structural refinement and reverse Monte Carlo method to provide detailed in situ characterization of the pressure-induced evolution of the Nb local structure in Nb3Sn. The results highlight a complex evolution of Nb chains at th

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6

Pramono, Andika Widya. "Preliminary Observation on Macro Texture of Nb₃Sn Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS)." Advanced Materials Research 789 (September 2013): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.789.193.

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The macro texture of Nb3Sn superconductor was observed in order to identify the tendency of crystallographic orientation of such A15 compound. The Nb3Sn samples were prepared through the powder metallurgy process with the composition of 24at%Sn-76at%Nb. The well-blended Nb-Sn powder was consolidated by means of the uni-axial compression method, while the subsequent sintering was performed at T = 700°C for t = 96 hr. The macro texture of the sintered samples was measured using D8 Advance XRD Goniometer and the corresponding results were analyzed in the form of pole figures. Preliminary results

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7

Hidaka, M., H. Fujii, and S. Yamashita. "Structural phase transitions in superconductor Nb3Sn." Phase Transitions 58, no. 4 (1996): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411599608241822.

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8

Cantoni, M., V. Abächerli, D. Uglietti, B. Seeber, and R. Flükiger. "Analytical TEM of Nb3Sn Multifilament Superconductor Wires." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S2 (2008): 1146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608087175.

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9

Yanson, I. K., I. F. Rybal’chenko, V. V. Fisun, et al. "Spatially inhomogeneous discrete states of a superconductor upon injection of nonequilibrium quasiparticles from a point contact with a normal metal." Soviet Journal of Low Temperature Physics 14, no. 11 (1988): 639–42. https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0032054.

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The current–voltage characteristics (IVC) of S–c−N point contacts of superconductors with a small coherence length ξ0 reveal steps with discrete values of the differential resistance. This peculiarity is associated with a transition of the contact region of the superconductor to a spatially inhomogeneous state under the influence of the current injection of nonequilibrium quasiparticles penetrating the superconductor to a depth lE. The role of the relaxation of the disbalance between the occupancies of electron- and hole-like branches of the quasiparticle spectrum is manifested in the displace

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10

Zhang, Zhichao, and Lifan Shi. "Elastic–Plastic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of a Nb3Sn Superconducting Strand with Initial Thermal Damage." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (2022): 8313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168313.

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It is well known that the parameters of Nb3Sn superconducting strands are strain sensitive, and the internal brittle Nb3Sn filament can easily break under deformations. A temperature difference from the preparation temperature of about 1000 K to the cryogenic working environment of 4.2 K damages brittle Nb3Sn fibers before working. Based on the Curtin–Zhou model, the damage theory for fiber-reinforced composites is utilized to study the influence of filament fractures caused by thermal stress. According to the typical multi-scale geometric of the EAS-Nb3Sn strand (European Advanced Superconduc

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11

Mednikov, A. A., Yu A. Ilyin, A. V. Krasilnikov, and I. Yu Rodin. "The ITER superconducting magnet system. Manufacturing and assembly status as of 2024." Superconductivity: Fundamental and Applied Research, no. 3 (November 5, 2024): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.62539/2949-5644-2024-0-3-15-30.

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The electromagnetic system (EMS) is one of the most significant components of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). It establishes the machine’s ability to generate and control a fusion plasma with a current of up to 15 MA and a power of up to 500 MW within hundreds of seconds. ITER EMS is the largest superconductor magnet system that has ever been created with a stored energy of up to 50 GJ. It is a highly technological magnets using superconductors based on Nb3Sn and NbTi, which work at a temperature of 4-6 K with compulsory cooling by a flow of liquid and gaseous heli

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12

Fang, Liu, Weng Peide, Wu Yu, and Long Feng. "Magnetization of Multifilamentary Superconductor Nb3Sn in Perpendicular Field." Plasma Science and Technology 10, no. 6 (2008): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/10/6/19.

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13

Xu, Xingchen. "A review and prospects for Nb3Sn superconductor development." Superconductor Science and Technology 30, no. 9 (2017): 093001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa7976.

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14

Schachinger, E., and M. Prohammer. "Anisotropy effects in the A-15 superconductor Nb3Sn." Physica C: Superconductivity 156, no. 5 (1988): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(88)90146-3.

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15

Kumar, A. K., T. Laurila, V. Vuorinen, and Aloke Paul. "Study on the Growth of Nb₃Sn Superconductor in Cu(Sn)/Nb Diffusion Couple." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.467.

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Nb3Sn growth following the bronze technique, (i.e. by interdiffusion between Cu(Sn) alloy (bronze) and Nb) is one of the important methodologies to produce this superconductor. In this study, we have addressed the confusion over the growth rate of the Nb3Sn phase. Furthermore, a possible explanation for the corrugated layer in the multifilamentary structure is discussed. Kirkendall marker experiments were conducted to study the relative mobilities of the species, which also explained the reason for finding pores in the product phase layer. Based on the parabolic growth constant at different te

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16

MIZOMATA, Yoichi, Ryoichi HIROSE, Masatoshi YOSHIKAWA, et al. "Shield Effect of a Powder-Metallurgy Processed Nb3Sn Superconductor." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 32, no. 10 (1997): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.32.491.

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17

Goldfarb, R. B., and K. Itoh. "Reduction of interfilament contact loss in Nb3Sn superconductor wires." Journal of Applied Physics 75, no. 4 (1994): 2115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356317.

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18

Galambos, J. D., Y.-K. M. Peng, R. L. Reid, M. S. Lubell, L. Dresner, and J. R. Miller. "Comparison of Nb3Sn and NbTi Superconductor Magnet ITER Devices." Fusion Technology 15, no. 2P2B (1989): 1046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst89-a39830.

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19

Hearne, G. R., P. R. Stoddart, and H. Pollak. "Pronounced anharmonicity in the classical high-Tc superconductor Nb3Sn." Physica C: Superconductivity 167, no. 3-4 (1990): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(90)90362-i.

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20

Konovalova, N. V., I. M. Abdyukhanov, A. S. Tsapleva, et al. "Analysis of Nb3Sn structural and electrophysical superconductor characteristics under simulated deformation." Superconductivity: Fundamental and Applied Research 6, no. 1 (2025): 46–61. https://doi.org/10.62539/2949-5644-2025-6-1-46-61.

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The creation of Future Circular Collider (FCC) dipole magnet with 16 T working magnetic field will require the development of superconductors with a high critical current density with subsequent manufacturing of the cable without significant deterioration of their electrophysical properties. The analysis of electrophysical properties and quantitative microscopy of the developed Nb3Sn strands manufactured at JSC VNIINM are conducted. To simulate cable deformation the effect of uniaxial rolling with different degrees of strand deformation on its microstructure and properties was estimated. Resul

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21

YAMAMOTO, Tsuyoshi, Kenji WATANABE, Satoru MURASE, Gen NISHIJIMA, Kazuo WATANABE, and Akio KIMURA. "Thermal Stability of Reinforced Nb3Sn Composite Superconductor under Cryocooled Conditions." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of the Cryogenic Society of Japan) 38, no. 6 (2003): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.38.262.

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22

Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi, Kenji Watanabe, Satoru Murase, Gen Nishijima, Kazuo Watanabe, and Akio Kimura. "Thermal stability of reinforced Nb3Sn composite superconductor under cryocooled conditions." Cryogenics 44, no. 10 (2004): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2004.03.017.

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23

Kong, Ershuai, Chengtao Wang, Lin Wang, et al. "Conceptual design study of iron-based superconducting dipole magnets for SPPC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 13n14 (2019): 1940003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19400037.

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A conceptual design study of 12-T two-in-one dipole magnets is ongoing with the iron-based superconducting (IBS) technology, as a candidate option for Super Proton Proton Collider (SPPC), which is designed with a circumference of 100 km and a center-of-mass energy of 70 TeV. Compared with Nb3Sn, the IBS design is competitive because of the potential much higher performance and lower cost of IBS conductors in the future. The design study is carried out with an expected Je level of IBS in 10 years. Besides, we also expect the IBS superconductor to have much better mechanical properties compared

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24

Zlobin, Alexander V., Igor Novitski, and Emanuela Barzi. "Conceptual Design of a HTS Dipole Insert Based on Bi2212 Rutherford Cable." Instruments 4, no. 4 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments4040029.

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The U.S. Magnet Development Program (US-MDP) is aimed at developing high-field accelerator magnets with magnetic fields beyond the limits of Nb3Sn technology. Recent progress with composite wires and Rutherford cables based on the first generation high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8−x (Bi2212) allows considering them for this purpose. However, Bi2212 wires and cables are sensitive to transverse stresses and strains, which are large in high-field accelerator magnets. This requires magnet designs with stress management concepts to control azimuthal and radial strains in the coil windin

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25

Prouzet, Eric, Alexandre Puigségur, André Larbot, Jean-Michel Rey, and Françoise Rondeaux. "Organic free montmorillonite-based flexible insulating sheaths for Nb3Sn superconductor magnets." Applied Clay Science 80-81 (August 2013): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.04.011.

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26

Laurila, T., V. Vuorinen, A. K. Kumar, and A. Paul. "Diffusion and growth mechanism of Nb3Sn superconductor grown by bronze technique." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 23 (2010): 231910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3453502.

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27

Rodrigues, C. A., and D. Rodrigues. "Development and characterization of Nb3Sn superconductor wire with nanometric-scale pinning centers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 43 (June 1, 2006): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/43/1/011.

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28

Mitchell, N. "Analysis of the effect of Nb3Sn strand bending on CICC superconductor performance." Cryogenics 42, no. 5 (2002): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-2275(02)00041-3.

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29

Zhang, Qinyuan. "Introduction to superconducting materials and electrical properties of their structures." Applied and Computational Engineering 7, no. 1 (2023): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/7/20230514.

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Nowadays, with the development of our modern lives, superconducting material is closely related to our lives. Therefore, the introduction of the superconductor itself and its properties is necessary. The superconducting notion, the common superconductive substancesNbTi and Nb3Snand how to manufacture the essential superconducting joint are the three parts that play the most important roles in the introduction. In this summary paper, we discuss how to make Nb3Sn, how to create the stable and non-resistance superconducting joint, and how to measure the resistance. We find these solutions by usin

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30

Bai, Hongyu, W. Markiewicz, Jun Lu, and Hubertus Weijers. "Thermal Conductivity Test of YBCO Coated Conductor Tape Stacks Interleaved With Insulated Stainless Steel Tapes." Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on 23, no. 3 (2012): 4600204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2012.2229774.

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A 32 Tesla, all-superconducting user magnet, which consists of two high temperature superconductor YBCO inner coils producing a field of 17 T in an low temperature superconductor Nb3Sn and NbTi outer magnet producing a background field of 15 T, is being developed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. The YBCO inner coils are pancake-wound with YBCO coated conductor tapes with an interleaved insulation of sol-gel coated stainless steel tapes. The coils are to be cooled directly in liquid helium bath. Heat losses in the windings, such as ac losses during ramping and heat loss in the in

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31

KUMAKURA, Hiroaki. "Present Status and Future Prospect of Nb3Sn Superconductor—50 years since its discovery—." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of the Cryogenic Society of Japan) 39, no. 9 (2004): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.39.376.

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32

Lortz, Rolf, Yuxing Wang, Alain Junod, and Naoki Toyota. "Thermal fluctuations in the classical superconductor Nb3Sn from high-resolution specific-heat measurements." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 460-462 (September 2007): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2007.04.161.

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33

Kumar, A. K., and A. Paul. "Interdiffusion and Growth of the Superconductor Nb3Sn in Nb/Cu(Sn) Diffusion Couples." Journal of Electronic Materials 38, no. 5 (2009): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0632-z.

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34

Željko Đ, Vujović. "Magnets, Gradients, and RF Coils of MR Scanners." International Journal of Physics Research and Applications 6, no. 2 (2023): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001062.

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The topic of this paper is the parts of modern MR devices, which contain magnet coils. MR scanner magnets are made of four types of electromagnetic coils: 1) Main magnet, made of superconducting material. The main magnet of an MR (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanner creates a strong and uniform magnetic field around the patient being scanned. This magnetic field is typically in the range of 0.5 to 3 Tesla and is used to align the magnetic moments of the hydrogen atoms in the patient's body. The superconductors, which create the main magnetic field, should be cooled with liquid helium and liqui

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35

Dhal, Jyoti Prakash, and Subash Chandra Mishra. "Effect of Niobium/Molybdenum Microalloying on SS316LN Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1259.

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In recent years SS316LN microalloyed stainless steel is preferred for use as jacket material for Nb3Sn superconductor strands/wires. In the present investigation, microalloyed SS316LN is prepared in a vacuum induction melting furnace; Niobium and Molybdenum in their ferroalloy stage are considered as alloying element. This microalloyed steels are cast in water cooled copper mould. The tensile strength and elongation are measured and the fracture surface is studied under scanning electron microscope. It is observed that, there is a reduction of tensile strength and decrease in hardness of the s

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36

Hoshino, Tsutomu, Itaru Ishii, Noboru Higuchi, and Shuichiro Fuchino. "1 to 3 GVA class superconducting power transmission cables with Nb3Sn or oxide superconductor." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 108, no. 9 (1988): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1972.108.431.

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37

Takeda, M., H. Yoshida, and H. Hashimoto. "Local tetragonality and atomic structure in Nb3Sn superconductor studied by high resolution electron microscopy." physica status solidi (a) 87, no. 2 (1985): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210870209.

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38

Hoshino, Tsutomu, Itaru Ishii, Noboru Higuchi, and Shuichiro Fuchino. "1- to 3-GVA class superconducting power transmission cables with Nb3Sn or oxide superconductor." Electrical Engineering in Japan 108, no. 6 (1988): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.4391080608.

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39

Vujović, Željko. "Magnets, Gradients, and RF Coils of MR Scanners." Internationa Jouran of Physics and Applications 6, no. 2 (2023): 128–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15336934.

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The topic of this paper is the parts of modern MR devices, which contain magnet coils. MR scanner magnets are made of four types of electromagnetic coils: 1) Main magnet, made of superconducting material. The main magnet of an MR (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanner creates a strong and uniform magnetic fi eld around the patient being scanned. This magnetic fi eld is typically in the range of 0.5 to 3 Tesla and is used to align the magnetic moments of the hydrogen atoms in the patient's body. The superconductors, which create the main magnetic fi eld, should be cooled with liquid helium and li

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40

Jin, Peng, Lankai Li, Xide Li, Qiuliang Wang, and Junsheng Cheng. "Residual Stress in Nb3Sn Superconductor Strand Introduced by Structure and Stoichiometric Distribution After Heat Treatment." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 27, no. 5 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2017.2685500.

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41

Wang, Qing-Yu, Cun Xue, Chao Dong, and You-He Zhou. "Effects of defects and surface roughness on the vortex penetration and vortex dynamics in superconductor–insulator–superconductor multilayer structures exposed to RF magnetic fields: numerical simulations within TDGL theory." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (2022): 045004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac4ad1.

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Abstract Vortex penetration and vortex dynamics are significantly important to superconducting devices, for example, the superconducting cavities, since vortex motions will create substantial dissipation. In experiments, different kinds of defects as well as different degrees of surface roughness were observed. By considering these in superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) structures, vortex penetration and vortex dynamics are very complex due to their interactions with defects and the influence of surface roughness, especially for radio-frequency (RF) magnetic fields, which are quite d

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42

Santra, Sangeeta, Satyam Suwas, and Aloke Paul. "Effect of Nb orientation and deformation on the growth of Nb3Sn intermetallic superconductor by bronze technique." Philosophical Magazine Letters 95, no. 10 (2015): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2015.1112045.

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43

Hearne, G. R., and H. Pollak. "Low-temperature anharmonicity, strong electron-phonon interactions and heavy-fermion behaviour, in the A15 superconductor Nb3Sn." Hyperfine Interactions 70, no. 1-4 (1992): 1159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02397535.

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44

Ochiai, S., S. Nishino, M. Hojo, and K. Watanabe. "Relation of the strength distribution of Nb3Sn to the critical current of a pre-stressed multifilamentary composite superconductor." Superconductor Science and Technology 8, no. 12 (1995): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/8/12/002.

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45

Agatsuma, K., H. Tateishi, K. Arai, T. Saitoh, N. Sadakata, and M. Nakagawa. "Nb3Sn thin films made by rf magnetron sputtering process with a Nb3Snsingle target for FRS (Fiber Reinforced Superconductor)." Cryogenics 34 (January 1994): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-2275(05)80199-7.

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46

Santra, S., S. K. Makineni, G. Shankar, et al. "Insight into the effect of Ti-addition on diffusion-controlled growth and texture of Nb3Sn intermetallic superconductor phase." Materialia 6 (June 2019): 100276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100276.

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47

Imaduddin, Agung, Samsulludin, Muhammad Reza Wicaksono, et al. "The Doping Effects of SiC and Carbon Nanotubes on the Manufacture of Superconducting Monofilament MgB₂ Wires." Materials Science Forum 966 (August 2019): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.966.249.

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MgB2 superconductor is a superconductor with a critical temperature of around 39K and has the potential to replace Nb3Sn and NbTi as superconducting coils to produce high magnetic fields. In this study, monofilament wires have been made to analyze the doping effect of SiC and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) in its manufacture using Powder-In-Tube (PIT) method. Stainless Steel (SS-316) tube was used as a tube filled with powders of starting materials of Mg, B, SiC and CNT. A total of 8 samples were prepared with variations in the addition of SiC, and CNT as much as 5, 10, and 15 wt %, and also the varia

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48

Ambrožič, Klemen, Damien Fourmentel, Hubert Carcreff, Vladimir Radulović, and Luka Snoj. "Computational support on the development of nuclear heating calorimeter detector design." EPJ Web of Conferences 225 (2020): 04033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022504033.

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Heating due to energy deposition of intense ionizing radiation in samples and structural materials of nuclear reactors poses severe limitations in terms of cooling requirements for safe reactor operation, especially in high neutron and gamma flux environments of material testing fission reactors (MTRs) and novel fusion devices. A bilateral CEA-JSI research project was launched in 2018 with the objective to measure the gamma heating rates in standard reactor-related materials (graphite, aluminium, stainless steel and tungsten) as well as fusionrelevant materials (low-activation steel Eurofer-97

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Wang, Chengtao, Kai Zhang, and Qingjin Xu. "R&D steps of a 12-T common coil dipole magnet for SPPC pre-study." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 33 (2016): 1644018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16440188.

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Abstract:

IHEP (the Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China) has started the R&D of high field accelerator magnet technology from 2014 for recently proposed CEPC-SppC (Circular Electron Positron Collider, Super proton–proton Collider) project. The conceptual design study of a 20-T dipole magnet is ongoing with the common coil configuration, and a 12-T model magnet will be fabricated in the next two years. A 3-step R&D process has been proposed to realize this 12-T common-coil model magnet: first, a 12-T subscale magnet will be fabricated with Nb3Sn and NbTi superconductors to investigat

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Liang, M., Ping Xiang Zhang, X. D. Tang, et al. "Effects of Heat Treatments on the Nb₃Sn Composite Strands." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 2023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.2023.

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Abstract:

Nb3Sn superconductors are widely used in high magnetic field application. Internal tin processed Nb3Sn wires used for ITER coils (at 4.2K, 12T) were heated by two steps, local heat treatment and reaction heat treatments. The superconducting properties of Nb3Sn were investigated as a function of reaction heat treatment (HT) for strands during 625°C~665°C.To study the heat treatment effects on Jcn and n-value of Nb3Sn strands, different HT-parameters, i.e., annealing temperature and times, were applied on the Nb3Sn multifilament strands.

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