Journal articles: 'NBR Blends'

1

Koseki, Yasuaki, Moo Sung Lee, and C. W. Macosko. "Encapsulation in Ternary Elastomer Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 1 (1999): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538780.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Ternary elastomer blends of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), chlorinated polyethylene (CM), and ethylene-propylene rubber (EP) have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Especially the effect of comonomer content, chlorine in CM and acrylonitrile in NBR, on blend morphology is studied. The blend ratio of NBR/CM/EP is fixed at 10/20/70 by weight: EP acts as matrix and NBR and CM comprise dispersed phases. TEM observation is possible without staining due to a natural contrast between NBR and CM. From TEM micrographs it is clear that NBR/CM/EP blends show encapsulated structures. Which component will be the encapsulating layer depends on comonomer contents. For blends containing high acrylonitrile content (NBR46), CM forms the encapsulating layer; whereas, for blends with low acrylonitrile (NBR16), NBR16 encapsulates CM. The encapsulation behavior of NBR/CM/EP blends is interpreted in terms of a spreading coefficient concept combined with solubility parameter and melt viscosity differences between NBR and CM. Our calculation based on simple thermodynamic considerations explains the morphology observed in this study except for the NBR16/CM29/EP blend.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ghani, Supri A., H. Ismail, and A. M. M. Yusof. "Properties of Recycled Poly(vinylchloride)/ Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber Blends: The Effect of Maleic Acid." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 21, no. 2 (2005): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060502100201.

Full text

Abstract:

Maleic acid (MAc) was used to improve the compatibility of recycled poly(vi nylchloride)(PVCr)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blends. Virgin PVC (PVCv) blends with NBR were also prepared for comparison. The blends were melt mixed using a Haake Rheomix Polydrive R 600/610 at 150 °C and a rotor speed of 50 rpm. It was found that the maleic acid significantly improved the PVCr/NBR blends properties. At a similar blend composition, the PVCr/NBR + MAc blends exhibited a higher peak stress and a higher stress at 100% elongation (M100) but a lower elongation at break and a lower swelling index than ordinary PVCr/NBR blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tensile fracture surfaces of the blends indicated that the maleic acid increased the interfacial interaction between the PVCr and NBR phases, thus improving their compatibility. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the PVCr/NBR with MAc incorporated had a higher Tg than the PVCr/NBR and PVCv/NBR blends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Doma, Ahmed Salah, Elbadawy A. Kamoun, Sayed Abboudy, Mohammed A. Belal, Sherine N. Khattab, and Ali A. El-Bardan. "Compatibilization of Vulcanized SBR/NBR Blends using Cis-Polybutadiene Rubber: Influence of Blend Ratio on Elastomer Properties." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 12 (2019): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.12.958.

Full text

Abstract:

Blends composed of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) were fabricated by melt blending technique using two-roll mill blend machine. Cis- polybutadiene rubber (CBR) was used as a compatibilizer for enhancing the homogeneity between SBR and NBR phases in blends. Although, no previous reports were found to discuss improving electrical properties of vulcanized SBR/NBR blends using unfilled rubber system (i.e. no fillers incorporated). Raman spectra and SEM images indicate that a significant compatibility within the rubber matrix is observed, due to using CBR compatibilizer. The effect of SBR/NBR blend ratio on curing characteristics, physico-mechanical properties, and physicochemical properties (e.g. network characteristics and thermodynamic parameters) were studied. SBR/NBR blend showed comparatively better mechanical properties, compared to each other individually rubber system. Curing parameters e.g. Mooney viscosity and hardness were increased, while a reduction in cure time and specific gravity was observed with increasing SBR ratio in blends. Results revealed that increasing SBR resulted in an enhancement of the tensile strength, modulus at 300 % and elongation at break up to 40 phr, and then gradually decreased. The TGA results indicated that SBR/NBR blends were thermally decomposed at a temperature range of 340-520°C. The notable decrease of DC conductivity (σdc) of vulcanized blends is owing to the decrease of NBR, which is a polar portion and is responsible for increasing the conductivity of vulcanized blends. This proved that the targeted industrial applications for vulcanized blends are entirely depending upon SBR/NBR blend in elastomers matrix.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Doma, Ahmed Salah, Elbadawy A. Kamoun, Sayed Abboudy, Mohammed A. Belal, Sherine N. Khattab, and Ali A. El-Bardan. "Compatibilization of Vulcanized SBR/NBR Blends using Cis-Polybutadiene Rubber: Influence of Blend Ratio on Elastomer Properties." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 12 (2019): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.12.958.

Full text

Abstract:

Blends composed of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) were fabricated by melt blending technique using two-roll mill blend machine. Cis- polybutadiene rubber (CBR) was used as a compatibilizer for enhancing the homogeneity between SBR and NBR phases in blends. Although, no previous reports were found to discuss improving electrical properties of vulcanized SBR/NBR blends using unfilled rubber system (i.e. no fillers incorporated). Raman spectra and SEM images indicate that a significant compatibility within the rubber matrix is observed, due to using CBR compatibilizer. The effect of SBR/NBR blend ratio on curing characteristics, physico-mechanical properties, and physicochemical properties (e.g. network characteristics and thermodynamic parameters) were studied. SBR/NBR blend showed comparatively better mechanical properties, compared to each other individually rubber system. Curing parameters e.g. Mooney viscosity and hardness were increased, while a reduction in cure time and specific gravity was observed with increasing SBR ratio in blends. Results revealed that increasing SBR resulted in an enhancement of the tensile strength, modulus at 300 % and elongation at break up to 40 phr, and then gradually decreased. The TGA results indicated that SBR/NBR blends were thermally decomposed at a temperature range of 340-520°C. The notable decrease of DC conductivity (?dc) of vulcanized blends is owing to the decrease of NBR, which is a polar portion and is responsible for increasing the conductivity of vulcanized blends. This proved that the targeted industrial applications for vulcanized blends are entirely depending upon SBR/NBR blend in elastomers matrix.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Zhang, Lin, Libin Wang, Yujiao Shi, and Zhaobo Wang. "Dynamically vulcanized high-density polyethylene/nitrile butadiene rubber blends compatibilized by chlorinated polyethylene." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 4 (2018): 454–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718761557.

Full text

Abstract:

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization where chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) was used as a compatibilizer. The effects of CPE on mechanical properties, Mullins effect, dynamic mechanical properties, and morphology of the blends were investigated systematically. Experimental results indicated that CPE had an excellent compatibilization on the HDPE/NBR blends. Dynamic mechanical analysis studies showed that the glass transition temperature of NBR phase was slightly shifted toward higher temperature with the CPE incorporation, leading to the increasing interface compatibility. Mullins effect results showed that the compatibilized HDPE/NBR blend had relatively lower residual deformation and internal friction than that of HDPE/NBR blend, indicating the improvement of elasticity. Morphology studies showed that the size of the NBR particles was decreased with the existence of CPE; moreover, the fracture surface of HDPE/CPE/NBR TPV was relatively smoother than that of HDPE/NBR blend.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Delkash, Masoumeh, Ghasem Naderi, Razi Sahraieyan, and Elnaz Esmizadeh. "Crystallization, structural and mechanical properties of PA6/PC/NBR ternary blends: effect of NBR-g-GMA compatibilizer and organoclay." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 24, no. 5 (2017): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2015-0185.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractTernary blends based on polyamide 6 (PA6)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR)/polycarbonate (PC) were prepared by melt compounding via extrusion process. The effect of organoclay (OC), compatibilizer, and blend ratio was investigated on structural and mechanical properties of the blend. The effect of OC and compatibilizer studied on crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and crystallinity of PA6/NBR/PC ternary blends was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Improvement in the crystal structure of compatibilized blend compared to unfilled blend was observed by polarized optical microscope. Dispersion of OC into PA6/NBR/PC ternary blends was done by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray. The results confirmed the exfoliation of OC particles into the polymer matrix. The improvement in yield stress and tensile modulus of the ternary blend was observed in the presence of OC. The impact strength showed an increase using NBR-glycidyl methacrylate-grafted (g-GMA) to prepare compatibilized PA6/NBR/PC ternary blend.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Zhang, Yinxi, Yong Zhang, Shuyu Han, Xiangfu Zhang, and Changqing Yang. "Effects of Compatibilisers on the Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride/Nonpolar Rubbers Blends." Engineering Plastics 2, no. 3 (1994): 147823919400200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919400200305.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of some commercial polymers used as a third component on the properties of the PVC blends with nonpolar rubbers, such as BR, SBR, EPDM, NR and reclaimed rubber, were studied. It was found that NBR-18 was a very efficient compatibiliser for PVC/nonpolar rubbers blends in a wide range of blend composition, and the mechanical properties of these blends were significantly improved even when the NBR-18 content was as low as 2%. The presence of NBR-18 in PVC/nonpolar rubbers blends promoted better dispersion of PVC particles in rubber matrix, and the interfacial adhesion between PVC and the rubber phases was significantly improved by the co-vulcanisation of NBR-18 and nonpolar rubbers as well as the same compatibility of PVC with NBR-18. The PVC/NBR-l8lnonpolar rubbers ternary blends have not only good mechanical properties but also good oil and low-temperature resistance and excellent electrical insulation property.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zhang, Yinxi, Yong Zhang, Shuyu Han, Xiangfu Zhang, and Changqing Yang. "Effects of Compatibilisers on the Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride/Nonpolar Rubbers Blends." Polymers and Polymer Composites 2, no. 3 (1994): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119400200305.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of some commercial polymers used as a third component on the properties of the PVC blends with nonpolar rubbers, such as BR, SBR, EPDM, NR and reclaimed rubber, were studied. It was found that NBR-18 was a very efficient compatibiliser for PVC/nonpolar rubbers blends in a wide range of blend composition, and the mechanical properties of these blends were significantly improved even when the NBR-18 content was as low as 2%. The presence of NBR-18 in PVC/nonpolar rubbers blends promoted better dispersion of PVC particles in rubber matrix, and the interfacial adhesion between PVC and the rubber phases was significantly improved by the co-vulcanisation of NBR-18 and nonpolar rubbers as well as the same compatibility of PVC with NBR-18. The PVC/NBR-l8lnonpolar rubbers ternary blends have not only good mechanical properties but also good oil and low-temperature resistance and excellent electrical insulation property.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zhang, Yu Zeng, Ming Yin Yan, Shi Jie Wang, and Xiao Ren Lv. "The Research on the Friction and Wear Behavior of FKM/NBR Blends under Water Lubrication." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2150.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, the friction and wear behavior of FKM, NBR and FKM/NBR blends with the same Shore hardness was investigated in the MPV - 600 wear tester under water lubrication based on the actual working parameters of the screw pump. Wear mechanism of FKM/NBR blends with different load was also analyzed according to their wear loss and frictional coefficient. The results showed that the wear resistance of NBR was improved by the addition FKM. FKM/NBR blend with ratio of 2:8 owned the optimal wear resistance, which was close to that of FKM. The wear of FKM and FKM/NBR blend with ratio of 2:8 was controlled by fatigue wear, and the others were mainly controlled by abrasive wear.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Inted, Soriya, Natinee Lopattananon, Bencha Thongnuanchan, and Azizon Kaesaman. "Comparative Study of NR/BR/PP and NR/NBR/PP Ternary Blends for High Abrasion Resistant Thermoplastic Vulcanizates." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.131.

Full text

Abstract:

High abrasion thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on natural rubber (NR)/butadiene rubber (BR)/polypropylene (PP) and NR/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/PP were prepared using melt blending method. The rubber blends of 40/60 NR/BR and 40/60 NR/NBR were firstly prepared to investigate their mechanical and wear-resistant properties. The results indicated that the abrasion resistance of NR/BR blend was much higher than that of the NR/NBR blend, but the tensile strength and elongation at break were lower. TPVs made of NR/BR/PP and NR/NBR/PP blends were then prepared by melt-mixing the rubber blends (i.e., NR/BR or NR/NBR) and PP with composition of rubber to plastic of 60/40. It was found that the NR/BR/PP TPV showed higher strength and abrasion resistance when compared with the NR/NBR/PP TPV due to smaller domain of vulcanized rubber particles. The present study also suggested that the abrasion resistance of NR/BR/PP TPV was slightly lower than that of nylon 6.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

George, Josephine, N. R. Neelakantan, K. T. Varughese, and Sabu Thomas. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene and Nitrile Rubber Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio, Compatibilization and Filler Incorporation." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 78, no. 2 (2005): 286–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547884.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were prepared by a melt blending technique. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that elastic modulus has a strong dependence on blend ratio. Loss factor peaks increase with increase in rubber content. Pure components exhibit single Tg whereas two Tgs can be observed in the blends indicating incompatibility between the constituents. Loss modulus data also give similar information. The addition of compatibilizer has only a marginal effect on tan δ peak corresponding to the transitions in NBR. The elastic modulus values of the compatibilized blends are slightly higher than that of incompatible blends. In dynamically vulcanized blends the Tg due to α-relaxation of NBR is increased in blends containing a high concentration of rubber phase. In filled blends the elastic modulus showed significant increase over unfilled system. Also, the damping factor is enhanced by filler incorporation indicating that such materials could find application in vibration dampers. The suitability of various theoretical models in predicting the blend moduli is examined. The Takayanagi model fits well with the experimental data in unfilled blends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Lei, Tuo, Yong-Wang Zhang, Dong-Liang Kuang, and Yong-Rui Yang. "Preparation and Properties of Rubber Blends for High-Damping-Isolation Bearings." Polymers 11, no. 8 (2019): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081374.

Full text

Abstract:

To improve the energy dissipation capacity of rubber isolation bearings, it is important to find a new rubber material with good applicability and high damping properties. Two types of blends were prepared using nitrile rubber (NBR), brominated butyl rubber (BIIR) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA): NBR/BIIR and NBR/BIIR/EVA. The vulcanization, mechanical and damping properties of the blends were analyzed. The results show that both blends exhibit excellent vulcanization plateaus and mechanical properties. For NBR/BIIR, as the BIIR content increases, the complementary effects of NBR and BIIR afforded by blending are enhanced. Two damping peaks appeared in the tanδ-T curve and shifted toward lower and higher temperatures, respectively, which clearly widened the effective damping temperature range. However, the damping value in the valley of the tanδ-T curve was as low as 0.39. For NBR/BIIR/EVA, the addition of EVA greatly increased damping in the valley of the tanδ-T curve to approximately 0.54. EVA was observed to be the optimal polymer for improving the compatibility of the NBR/BIIR blend. Moreover, hot air thermal aging tests showed that both blends demonstrated good stability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Wacharawichanant, Sirirat, Kasana Chomphunoi, Chawisa Wisuttrakarn, and Manop Phankokkruad. "Mechanical Properties and Phase Morphology of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Organoclay Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt Blending." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.13.

Full text

Abstract:

This work investigated the mechanical properties and phase morphology of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blends and nanocomposites, which prepared by melt blending in an internal mixer. The contents of NBR were 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% and the content of organoclay was 3 phr. The impact test showed that the impact strength of PLA/NBR blends increased with an increase of NBR content and the impact strength of the blends was more than eight times by adding NBR 10 wt% when compared with neat PLA. The tensile test showed that Young’s modulus and tensile strength of PLA/NBR blends and nanocomposites decreased after adding NBR and organoclay. While the strain at break of the NBR blends increased with increasing NBR content. This result is attributed to the rubber phase in NBR in a cause the increment of elongation and elasticity in PLA/NBR blends. The morphology of PLA/NBR blends observed the fractured surface was rougher than that of pure PLA. This observation indicates that the addition of NBR in PLA can change the brittle fracture of PLA to ductile fracture, which has an effect to the strain at break or elongation of PLA. However, the morphology of the PLA/NBR blends were also observed the phase separation of the dispersed NBR phase and PLA matrix phase, and appeared the voids in a polymer matrix. The addition of organoclay had an effect slightly on the morphology of the blends. From X-ray diffraction, results found that PLA/organoclay and PLA/NBR/organoclay nanocomposites showed the intercalated structure, which PLA chains were inserted into the interlayer of clay due to the increase of d-spacing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Al-Maamori, Mohammed H., Ali I. Al-Mosawi, and Shaymaa Abbas Abdulsada. "Effect of novolac nanoparticles additions on specific gravity of NBR/CR blends." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817804001.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article, novolac nanoparticles with different weight fraction (0-40) wt.% were added to NBR/CR blends and investigate the effect of these additions on the specific gravity of rubber blend. The results obtained shown that the novolac nanoparticles works on increasing the specific gravity of NBR/CR blends, and specific gravity ratio increases with increased novolac nanoparticles percentage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Wacharawichanant, Sirirat, Chawisa Wisuttrakarn, Kasana Chomphunoi, and Manop Phankokkruad. "Improvement of Poly(Lactic Acid) Properties by Using Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber and Polyethylene-g-Maleic Anhydride." Materials Science Forum 972 (October 2019): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.972.178.

Full text

Abstract:

This research prepared poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blends before and after adding polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride with 3 wt% of maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA3) 3 phr. The effects of NBR and PE-g-MA3 on morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of PLA and PLA blends were discussed. The morphological analysis observed the two-phase morphology of PLA/NBR blends, and it was observed the cavities generated due to NBR phase detachment during sample fracture, and droplets of NBR phase at higher NBR content. The PE-g-MA3 addition could improve adhesion between PLA and NBR phases due to the decrease of cavities in PLA matrix and droplet size of NBR. The mechanical properties showed the impact strength and strain at break of PLA/NBR blends dramatically increased when the amount of NBR increasing. The addition of PE-g-MA3 significantly improved the impact strength of PLA/NBR blends. The thermal properties showed the NBR addition had effect slightly on the melting temperature of PLA/NBR blends. The filling of NBR and PE-g-MA3 greatly decreased the percent crystallinity of PLA more than two times. The thermal degradation of pure PLA and NBR proceeds by one step, while the thermal degradation process of PLA/NBR and PLA/PE-g-MA3 proceeds by two steps. Which the first step showed a large mass loss of PLA degradation and the second step showed a small mass loss of PE-g-MA and NBR degradation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Tinker, Andrew J. "Crosslink Distribution and Interfacial Adhesion in Vulcanized Blends of NR and NBR." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 63, no. 4 (1990): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538269.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In contrast to expectations from rheometer studies of vulcanization behavior, the NMR technique has demonstrated that blends of NR and NBR vulcanized with sulfur/TMTM show a marked distribution of crosslinks in favor of the NR phase. The presence of even a minor proportion of NBR is sufficient to reduce the degree of vulcanization of the NR phase below levels deemed to be technologically necessary. Replacing the sulfur with a bis-alkylphenol disulfide reduces the degree of preferential distribution of crosslinks substantially. Interpretation of differential-swelling data for the blends on the basis of the swelling expected from a single polymer vulcanized with the same level of curatives as added to the blend gives the impression that the blends are lacking in interfacial adhesion. The interpretation enabled by the NMR estimates of degrees of crosslinking for the phases within the blends demonstrates that there is no lack of interfacial adhesion in blends of NR and NBR having a low acrylonitrile content, although blends containing a minor proportion of NR and vulcanized with sulfur/TMTM may show cohesive failure of the NR phase when the NBR phase is highly swollen due to the low degree of crosslinking of the NR.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Komori, Yuka, Aoi Taniguchi, Haruhisa Shibata, Shinya Goto, and Hiromu Saito. "Phase-Separated Structure of NBR/PVC Blends with Different Acrylonitrile Contents Investigated Using STEM–EDS Mapping Analysis." Polymers 15, no. 16 (2023): 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163343.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigated the phase-separated structure of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blends with different acrylonitrile (AN) contents in the NBR, using dynamic mechanical analysis measurements and scanning-transmission-electron-microscopy (STEM)–energy-dispersive-X-ray-spectroscopy (EDS) elemental analysis. Two separate sharp tan δ peaks were observed in the blend at the lower AN content of 18.0%, whereas a broad peak was observed in the blends with the higher AN contents of 29.0 and 33.5%, due to the increase in miscibility, as expected from the decrease in the solubility parameter difference with the increasing AN content. The STEM–EDS elemental analysis for the concentration distribution showed that the NBR was mixed in the large PVC domains with a diameter of several micrometers, and the excluded PVC existed around the interface of the domain–matrix phases in the blend with the lower AN content, whereas small domains with a diameter of several tens of nanometers were dispersed in the blend with the higher AN content. The concentration difference in PVC between the PVC domain and the NBR matrix became smaller with increasing miscibility as the AN content increased although the blends contained the same PVC content of 40 wt%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Nakajima, N., and J. L. Liu. "The Effect of Gel on the Deformational Behavior of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and Nitrile Rubber (NBR) Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 65, no. 2 (1992): 453–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538624.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Deformational behavior of four different types of PVC and NBR blends were tested by dynamic shear measurements at small deformation and tensile stress—strain measurements at large deformation. Among these samples, three of them were partially compatible blends having the same acrylonitrile content (33%) but different gel contents and gel types (microgel and macrogel) in the NBRs. The last blend was a completely incompatible blend having a lower acrylonitrile content (21%) in the NBR. From the dynamic measurements, a temperature-independent log G′−log G′ curve was obtained for the partially compatible blends. The curve moved to the right as gel content increased, indicating that the sample having higher gel content behaved more elastic. No temperature-independent curve was obtained for the completely incompatible blend. The tensile properties of the completely incompatible blend were much worse than those of the partially compatible blends. The latter showed strain hardening during the course of the deformation. The highest degree of strain hardening was observed with the macrogel-containing sample followed by the microgel-containing sample and the gel-free sample.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Abdelsalam, Amir A., Sherif Araby, Salwa H. El-Sabbagh, Ahmed Abdelmoneim, and Mohsen A. Hassan. "A comparative study on mechanical and rheological properties of ternary rubber blends." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 1 (2020): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119897177.

Full text

Abstract:

Polymer blends lead to producing a new class of plastics, which may have better properties than being individual. In this study, the ternary blends of natural rubber (NR)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/nitrile rubber (NBR) were prepared via melt compounding, and then the physicomechanical properties of ternary NR/SBR/NBR blends were investigated. NR content was kept constant at 30 phr, while SBR and NBR fractions were varied simultaneously. The effect of the addition of 3 phr of ultrablend 4000 as compatibilizer on the compatibility of the rubber blends was studied. The results revealed that the use of the compatibilizer has significantly resulted in the clear stability of the scorch time and the optimum cure time of the blends. Tensile strength; stress at 100%, 200%, and 300% elongations; elongation at break %; compression strength; and compression set increase with the NBR content. There was a dramatic rise in the value of swelling ratio with the decrease of NBR. Moreover, the dynamic mechanical analysis showed some shifts in glass transition temperatures for blends to higher and lower temperatures as a function of the composition, which indicates the partial miscibility between the contributing components. Scanning electron microscopy of the tear fracture surfaces indicated that incorporation of NBR in the blends resulted in better adhesion of ternary blends and improved the tensile properties of ternary blends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Tiwari, M., J. W. M. Noordermeer, W. K. Dierkes, and Wim J. van Ooij. "Effect of Plasma Polymerization on the Performance of Silica in NBR, EPDM and NBR/EPDM Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 81, no. 2 (2008): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548210.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The surface modification of precipitated silica powders by plasma-polymerization with acetylene monomer in order to improve their performance in NBR, EPDM and NBR/EPDM rubber blends, by matching the surface energies of the silica fillers of the rubbers, is the subject of this study. Silica, used as reinforcing filler for elastomers, is coated with a polyacetylene (PA) film and characterized by water penetration measurements, Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) area, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with elemental analysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). All techniques show the evidence of a PA-film deposition on the surface of silica. The properties of NBR, EPDM and blends based on NBR and EPDM, filled with untreated, PA- and silane-treated silica, are investigated by measurement of the Payne effect, the bound rubber content and weight loss related to bound rubber, the reinforcement parameter and mechanical properties. The PA-silica filled samples show a lower Payne effect for EPDM and NBR/EPDM compared to the rubbers filled with unmodified silica. However, PA-silica filled NBR shows a higher Payne effect. This indicates an improved filler dispersion in the EPDM and NBR/EPDM, and a poorer dispersion in the NBR. The reduction of the reinforcement parameter as found for NBR, EPDM and NBR/EPDM indicates a lower degree of agglomeration in comparison with untreated and silane-treated silica. The PA-silica filled samples show the highest bound rubber contents and “in-rubber structure” for both rubbers as well as for the blend, compared to both other silica samples. The mechanical properties of untreated silica filled blend of NBR/EPDM are worse compared to the pure rubbers, but acetylene polymerization onto silica results in a significant improvement relative to the unmodified silica. The combined effects all point in the direction of improved compatibility of the PA-silica with the apolar EPDM. This results in better dispersion and stronger interaction with the EPDM, particularly in the blend with NBR, so as to significantly improve the mechanical properties of the blend relative to the use of untreated or silane-treated silica.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Komori, Yuka, Aoi Taniguchi, Haruhisa Shibata, Shinya Goto, and Hiromu Saito. "Partial Miscibility and Concentration Distribution of Two-Phase Blends of Crosslinked NBR and PVC." Polymers 15, no. 6 (2023): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061383.

Full text

Abstract:

We found that the blends of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase behavior in which a single-phase blend tends to phase separate at elevated temperatures when the acrylonitrile content of NBR was 29.0%. The tan δ peaks, which originated from the glass transitions of the component polymers measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), were largely shifted and broader in the blends when the blends were melted in the two-phase region of the LCST-type phase diagram, suggesting that NBR and PVC are partially miscible in the two-phase structure. The TEM-EDS elemental mapping analysis using a dual silicon drift detector revealed that each component polymer existed in the partner polymer-rich phase, and the PVC-rich domains consisted of aggregated small PVC particles the size of several ten nanometers. The partial miscibility of the blends was explained by the lever rule for the concentration distribution in the two-phase region of the LCST-type phase diagram.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Nakajima, N., and J. L. Liu. "Fracture Toughness of PVC/NBR Blends Evaluated by the J-Integral." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 66, no. 4 (1993): 634–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538335.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The effect of gel on the fracture toughness of four PVC/NBR (50/50) blends was characterized by two different J- integral methods. Three of these blends are compatible blends with 33% acrylonitrile in NBRs, and the fourth with 21% acrylonitrile content, is an incompatible blend. Two types of gel are involved in this study microgels and macrogels. The J-integral methods are (1) conventional method proposed by Bagley and Landes and (2) crack initiation locus method proposed by Kim and Joe. The same load-displacement curves are used in both methods. However, the latter eliminates the energy dissipation away from the crack tip in the determination of Jc, while the former does not. Both methods produced almost the same results indicating that the energy dissipation away from the crack tip is negligible in these samples. The fracture toughness of a macrogel-containing blend is much greater than that of a microgel-containing blend, which, in turn, is only slightly greater than that of a gel-free blend. This implies that the two gel-containing blends have different fracture processes. The incompatible blend has the lowest fracture toughness due to weak interaction at the boundaries of the two phases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Qiu, Zu Min, Chao Yan Qin, and Jun Ming Qiu. "Study on Application of the Blends of Nitrile Rubber with Acrylate Rubber in the Coat-Metal Sealing Gasket." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1438.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper discussed the effect of different blending ratio with BNR and ACM on the mechanical properties, heat resistance, low temperature resistance and oil resistance of coat-metal sealing gasket. The result showed that the comprehensive properties of the NBR/ACM blends at the ratio of 85/15 were preferable to the NBR and ACM, the low temperature resistance and oil resistance of NBR are taken into account. The cost of the blends were lower than the ACM. The blends can be used for coat-metal sealing gasket instead of NBR.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Zhang, Xueqiang, Zepeng Mao, and Jun Zhang. "Significant improvement of the low-temperature toughness of PVC/ASA/NBR ternary blends through the concept of mismatched thermal expansion coefficient." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 10 (2019): 902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0192.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In this study, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic terpolymer (ASA)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) ternary blends were designed based on the concept of mismatched thermal expansion coefficient between different components, resulting in significant improvement of the low-temperature toughness. The large difference in thermal expansion coefficients strengthened the interfacial tensile force (i.e. negative pressure) on NBR phase and reduced its glass transition temperature (Tg) by nearly 20°C, which was attributed to the improvement in the free volume of NBR. As a result, the low-temperature toughness of PVC/ASA/NBR ternary blends improved significantly. With the incorporation of 12.5 phr NBR in the PVC/ASA (100/15, w/w) matrix, the blends could achieve the highest impact strength of 76.2 kJ/m2 at 0°C and 10.7 kJ/m2 at −30°C. Simultaneously, the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) of the toughness shifted to the high NBR content region with the decrease of temperature. However, the improvement in the toughness of PVC/ASA/NBR ternary blends was at the expense of a decrease in rigidity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Wijesinghe, H. G. I. M., G. R. V. S. Gamlath, A. M. W. K. Senevirathna, et al. "Effect of Pre-Blending and Phase-Mixing Methods on Properties of Natural Rubber and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends Filled with Nano Silica Extracted from Rice Husk Ash." Journal of Nanoscience and Technology 7, no. 1 (2021): 928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jnst.319.21070101.

Full text

Abstract:

Properties of natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends are varied due to blending method. The literature is evident that the pre-blending and phase-mixing methods affect the properties of blends while opposite arguments are also available. Hence, that fact was interested to study using NR/NBR blends filled with rice husk ash nano silica (RHANS) having an average particle size of 50 nm - 100 nm with some micro-scale agglomerates. The structure of RHANS was proved using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric analyses. Blends were prepared following both blending methods by varying NR to NBR ratio as 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, and 100:0 while filling 25 parts per hundred parts of rubber of RHANS. The control was the ASTM formulation for oil seals. Vulcanization properties of blends showed acceptable levels with extended scorch and cure times and high torque properties. Blends indicated less tensile and tear strength compared to the control while showing acceptable hardness, compression set, and swelling properties. Overall, there is a possibility to use RHANS in NR/NBR blends and it was found that the blending method does not affect the properties of the NR/NBR blends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wacharawichanant, Sirirat, Chawisa Wisuttrakarn, and Kasana Chomphunoi. "Comparison of Organoclay and PE-g-MA on Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber Blends." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.54.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of the montmorillonite clay surface modified with 0.5-5 wt% aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 15-35 wt% octadecylamine (Clay-ASO) and polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) on morphology and mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber copolymer (NBR) blends were investigated and compared. The PLA/NBR blends and composites were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer and molded by compression molding. The ratio of PLA and NBR was 80/20 by weight and the Clay-ASO and PE-g-MA contents were 3, 5 and 7 phr. The morphology analysis showed that the addition of Clay-ASO and PE-g-MA at high content could improve the miscibility of PLA and NBR to be homogeneous blends due to the voids in the polymer matrix were decreased. The tensile properties showed Young’s modulus of the PLA/NBR/Clay-ASO composites was more than that of the PLA/NBR blends and Young’s modulus of composites increased with increasing Clay-ASO content, while the tensile strength and strain at break decreased with increasing Clay-ASO content. The incorporation of PE-g-MA 3 phr could improve the tensile strength, stress at break and strain at break of PLA/NBR blends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Yong, K. C. "NBR-PANI.DBSA BLENDS: EFFECT OF ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 1 (2013): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.88905.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The electron beam irradiation technique was successfully used to cross-link poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)-polyaniline dodecylbenzenesulfonate [NBR-PAni.DBSA] blends. Significant increase in cross-linking densities of all blends with doses of irradiation (up to 200 kGy) was observed, and a reasonably high cross-linking density level (in the order of 1030 m−3) also was achieved. All electron beam–irradiated NBR-PAni.DBSA blends exhibited good tensile properties (with tensile strength up to ∼20 MPa), with values that are comparable to those of similar blends cross-linked with either conventional sulfur or peroxide techniques. This kind of irradiation-induced cross-linking technique (at doses up to 200 kGy) also did not interrupt the blends' electrical properties after the blends were sufficiently stabilized for at least 24 h. The irradiated NBR-PAni.DBSA blends also possessed good electrical properties, that is, a single conductivity percolation threshold and high conductivities up to the order of 10−2 S.cm−1. All of these findings indicate a good potential for using the electron beam irradiation technique to prepare highly cross-linked, electrically conductive NBR-PAni.DBSA blends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Murugan, N., Partheban Manoharan, and Golok B. Nando. "Thermodynamic Compatibility, Crystallizability, Thermal, Mechanical Properties and Oil Resistance Characteristics of Nanostructure Poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate)/Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) Blends." Open Chemistry 15, no. 1 (2017): 426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2017-0047.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper addresses the compatibility, morphological characteristics, crystallization, physico-mechanical properties and thermal stability of the melt mixed EMA/NBR blends. FTIR spectroscopy reveals considerable physical interaction between the polymers that explain the compatibility of the blends. DSC results confirm the same (compatibility) and reveals that NBR hinders EMA crystallization. Mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared EMA/NBR blends notably enhance with increasing the fraction of EMA in the blends. Morphology study exhibit the dispersed particles in spherical shape in the nanometer level. Swelling and oil resistance study have also been carried out in details to understand the performance behaviour of these blends at service condition

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Luo, Jia-Qi, Bin Yang, Ru Xia, et al. "Study on crystallization and compatibility of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/polyoxymethlene (POM) blends modified by a polyether polyol." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 9 (2013): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0198.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Blends of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and polyoxymethlene (POM) were prepared by melt mixing, with a polyether polyol (Model KGF400D) used as the compatibilizer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the cryogenically fractured surfaces of the blends clearly, which showed that the compatibility of NBR/POM blends was significantly enhanced with the addition of KGF400D. Both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rubber process analysis (RPA) results clearly indicated the mechanism of compatibility improvement. Dual functions of KGF400D within the NBR/POM blends were found: one was the lubrication effect and the other was the hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl of KGF400D and ether oxygen group of POM or lone pair electron in the cyano group of NBR.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Mansour, Ashraf A., Salwa El-Sabagh, and Abbas A. Yehia. "Dielectric Investigation of SBR-NBR and CR-NBR Blends." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 26, no. 4 (1994): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009524439402600406.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Perera, K. I. D. P., D. G. Edirisinghe, and Laleen Karunanayake. "Characterization of Blends of Virgin Nitrile Rubber and Compounded Nitrile Rubber Latex Waste Reclaimed with Urea: Part II - Physico-Mechanical Properties." Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences 7, no. 3 (2021): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jacs.238.21070301.

Full text

Abstract:

Recycling of rubber waste materials in order to convert these to usable products is one of the main challenges in the rubber industry. Reclaiming of rubber waste and blending it with virgin rubber have increased during the past due to the growing concern on the environment and increase in the prices of synthetic rubbers. Hence, the aim of this study is to partially replace virgin nitrile rubber (NBR) with reclaimed compounded NBR latex waste to develop new rubber blends suitable for special applications. In this study, physico-mechanical properties, ageing performance and swelling behaviour of virgin NBR / reclaimed NBR blend vulcanizates were evaluated and compared with those of the control vulcanizate produced solely with virgin NBR. Results showed that replacement of 50% virgin NBR with reclaimed NBR retained 71-86% of tensile strength, elongation at break and resilience. Hardness and modulus of this blend vulcanizate increased by less than 18%, whereas abrasion volume loss and compression set increased by 27%. Ageing resistance is similar to that of the control vulcanizate. Interestingly, resistance to swelling in toluene and ASTM oil No.3 increased by 14% and 32%, respectively. Hence, the 50:50 virgin NBR / reclaimed NBR vulcanizate would be suitable for oil resistant applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Dayang Habibah, A. I. H., V. Devaraj, H. Kamarularifin, and Ibrahim Suhawati. "Cure Characteristics and Ageing Resistance of Recovered Waste Pre-Vulcanized Nitrile/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Latex Blends in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Compounds." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.347.

Full text

Abstract:

Waste pre-vulcanized nitrile latex (WPNL), obtained from nitrile glove dipping tank was blended at different ratios with concentrated ENR latex processed via ultrafiltration and designated as ENRLC-SP20 and ENRLC-SP50, respectively, with the number indicating, the percentage of WPNL incorporated into the blend. The blends were prepared in the latex stage and subsequently processed into dry rubber. The rubbers were then blended with virgin nitrile rubber (NBR) at various ratios and the curing characteristics and physical properties of the blends were evaluated. The results showed the maximum torque (MH) decreases while the minimum torque (ML) increases with increasing level of SP 50 rubber. Using higher concentrations of SP-50, the results showed slight reductions in the cure (t90) and scorch time (ts2), respectively. It was also found that by increasing ratio of ENRLC-SP20 and ENRLC-SP50 improves the heat ageing resistance of NBR blends at 100°C as evidenced by the higher percentages in retention of the blends, compared to the control compound.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

George, K. E., Rani Joseph, and D. Joseph Francis. "Studies on NBR/PVC blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32, no. 1 (1986): 2867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Bandyopadhyay, G. G., S. S. Bhagawan, K. N. Ninan, and S. Thomas. "Viscoelastic Behavior of NBR/EVA Polymer Blends: Application of Models." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 70, no. 4 (1997): 650–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538451.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The viscoelastic properties of blends based on nitrile rubber (NBR) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a thermoplastic elastomer, are investigated in terms of storage modulus and loss tangent for different compositions. These small-strain dynamic mechanical properties have been evaluated using a Rheovibron Viscoelastometer covering a wide temperature range. Attempts have been made to fit the experimental results with computations based on mean field theories developed by Kerner. Predictions based on the discrete particle model (which assumes one of the components of the blend to be the matrix and the other dispersed as inclusions) are found to be satisfactory in the case of 30/70 NBR/EVA blend but not 70/30 and 50/50 blends. The packed grain model (which assumes neither of the components to be the matrix but approximates a co-continuous structure of the two) predictions do not agree with the experimental data on 50/50 blend for which a co-continuous morphology was revealed by SEM observations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Thomas, Shaji P., Saliney Thomas, C. V. Marykutty, and E. J. Mathew. "Evaluation of Effect of Various Nanofillers on Technological Properties of NBR/NR Blend Vulcanized Using BIAT-CBS System." Journal of Polymers 2013 (September 17, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/798232.

Full text

Abstract:

Owing to processing ease and resistance to oils and chemicals, NBR is widely used in many industries. But since neat NBR has only poor tensile properties, it is better to use suitable blends of NR and NBR after incorporating appropriate nanoingredients before vulcanization. It is well established that nanoparticles can be easily dispersed in a more uniform pattern in polymer matrix, thereby enhancing the technological properties of the elastomer vulcanizate. Since there are no systematic comparative studies on technological properties of NBR/NR blend containing different nanoingredients, efforts have been made in this study to investigate cure and technological properties like tensile properties, tear resistance, compression set, hardness, abrasion loss and swelling value of NBR/NR (80/20) blend vulcanizates containing stearic acid-coated nano-zinc oxide (ZOS), nano-BIAT, nano-silicate-coated CaCO3, PEO-coated calcium silicate, and surface-modified carbon nanotubes (CNT). XRD and electron microscopy have been used for morphological analysis. The nano ingredients were effective in enhancing the technological properties of the vulcanizates. Among the nanofillers, modified CNT was found to impart superior properties to NBR/NR blend due to more intercalation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Anandhan, S., P. P. De, S. K. De, Anil K. Bhowmick, and S. Bandyopadhyay. "Novel Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer (ABS) from Waste Computer Equipment and Nitrile Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 5 (2003): 1145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547793.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS) is one of the engineering plastics most frequently used as outer casings for computer equipment such as monitors, keyboards and other similar components. In an attempt to recycle, blends of scrap computer plastics (SCP) based on ABS with nitrile rubber (NBR) were prepared and mechanical properties and morphology were studied. Effect of dynamic vulcanization on the properties of 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20 NBR/SCP blends was assessed. These blends show the thermoplastic elastomeric behavior. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) studies show that the dynamically vulcanized NBR particles are dispersed in the ABS matrix. The thermoplastic elastomeric blends show excellent swelling resistance in IRM # 93 oil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Sodeifian, Gholamhossein, and Ali Haghtalab. "Discrete Relaxation Spectrum and K-BKZ Constitutive Equation for PVC, NBR and Their Blends." Applied Rheology 14, no. 4 (2004): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2004-0010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Frequency sweep experiments were performed on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) as well as their miscible blends PVC/NBR (70/30), PVC/NBR (50/50), and PVC/NBR (30/70) in oscillatory shear. The samples were prepared by mechanical blending at 160˚C. In order to investigate the validity of time temperature superposition (TTS) principle the loss angle δ versus the logarithm of the absolute value of the complex modulus, G*, were plotted. It was shown that the TTS principle is not valid for the above-mentioned polymer materials and therefore they are not thermorheologically simple. Master curves of PVC, NBR, and PVC/NBR (50/50) blend were therefore obtained approximately. Using a nonlinear regression method, discrete relaxation spectra were determined for PVC, NBR, and PVC/NBR (50/50). To study non-linear viscoelasticity behavior, the experiments of steady shear, start up steady shear, and step strain were carried out. The damping function was determined by the step strain experiments. Using K-BKZ constitutive equation, the shear viscosity and the shear stress growth function were calculated from the discrete relaxation spectra and the damping function and then compared to experimental data. The K-BKZ constitutive equation provides very good prediction over the entire range of experimental results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Kumar, C. Radhesh, I. Aravind, R. Stephan, et al. "Blends of Nylon 6/66 and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Effects of Blend Ratio and Dynamic Vulcanization on Morphology and Properties." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 21, no. 4 (2005): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060502100403.

Full text

Abstract:

The morphology and mechanical properties of nylon (copolyamide 6/66)/ acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blends have been studied with special reference to the effect of blend ratio and crosslinking systems. Morphological investigations of the blends using scanning and transmission electron microscopies show that a uniform and finer dispersion of the elastomer phase is achieved by dynamic crosslinking. The effects of various crosslinking systems such as sulphur and dicumyl peroxide on the morphology and mechanical properties of these blends were analysed. Morphological stability of the blends upon annealing has been investigated and the mechanical properties of the blends have been discussed. Attempts have been made to correlate the morphology with the mechanical properties of the dynamically vulcanized blends. The stability of the blend morphology during annealing has been examined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Hayeemasae, Nabil, Abdulhakim Masa, Hazwani Syaza Ahmad, Raa Khimi Shuib, Hanafi Ismail, and Indra Surya. "Sustainable Recycling of Waste from Nitrile Gloves: Prolonging the Life Span by Designing Proper Curing Systems." Polymers 14, no. 22 (2022): 4896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224896.

Full text

Abstract:

A massive demand for rubber-based goods, particularly gloves, was sparked by the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic worldwide. This resulted in thousands of tons of gloves being scrapped due to the constant demand for the items, endangering our environment in a grave way. In this work, we aimed to focus on the utilization of waste nitrile gloves (r-NBR) as a component blended with natural rubber (NR). The life span and other related properties of the blend can be improved by proper control of the chemical recipe. This study assessed three types of crosslinking systems, namely sulfur (S), peroxide (DCP), and mixed sulfur/peroxide (S/DCP) systems. The results indicate that choosing S/DCP strongly affected the tensile strength of the blend, especially at relatively high contents of r-NBR, improving the strength by 40–60% for cases with 25–35 phr of r-NBR. The improvement depended on the crosslink types induced in the blends. It is interesting to highlight that the thermal resistance of the blends was significantly improved by using the S/DCP system. This indicates that the life span of this blend can be prolonged by using a proper curing system. Overall, the S/DCP showed the best results, superior to those with S and DCP crosslinking systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Moolsin, Supat, Nattawud Saksayamkul, and Adul Na Wichien. "Natural rubber grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) as compatibilizer in 50/50 natural rubber/nitrile rubber blend." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 49, no. 5 (2016): 422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244316671021.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of graft copolymers applied as compatibilizers for natural rubber/nitrile rubber (NR/NBR) blends at 50/50 (w/w) on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, thermal properties, oil resistance, and morphology were investigated. The graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto NR initiated by benzoyl peroxide (NR- g-PMMA<BPO>) and by potassium persulfate (NR- g-PMMA<PPS>) under emulsion polymerization were synthesized and used to compatibilize the blends. The structures of the copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NR was blended with NBR via a two-roll mill at 70°C under the compatibilizer loading ranging from 0 to 10 parts per hundred of rubber (phr). The results showed that the tensile property and tear strength of the blends increased with the increasing amount of NR- g-PMMA<BPO> as a compatibilizer. Thermal aging determined in terms of tensile properties exhibited the smaller difference between before and after aging in an oven with the increasing compatibilizer loading. The morphology of the compatibilized NR/NBR vulcanizates was investigated by scanning electron microscopy of the tensile fracture surfaces, which exhibited the improvement of interfacial adhesion between the two rubber phases. The thermal properties of compatibilized NR/NBR vulcanizates were reported in terms of a glass transition temperature under differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The incorporation of an appropriate amount of the compatibilizer into the blends apparently improved the oil resistance of NR. Among them, the blend filled with 7.5 phr of NR- g-PMMA<BPO> showed the lowest volume change in IRM 903 oil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

de Oliveira Gomes, Ana Catarina, Marcia Gomes Oliveira, Caio Marcio Paranhos, and Bluma Guenther Soares. "THERMAL PROTECTION OF POLYAMIDE 6/ACRYLONITRILE–BUTADIENE RUBBER THERMOPLASTIC-VULCANIZATES: INFLUENCE OF TYPE AND CONTENT ON BLEND PROPERTIES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 2 (2013): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.87976.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Polyamide 6 (PA6)/NBR blends are interesting because of their supposed properties at elevated temperatures. The blend, however, has a critical problem in terms of processing stability, as a result of the thermal degradation of the NBR phase. We evaluate a system of dissimilar addition of antioxidant in each phase (a combination of Irganox®/Irgafos® for the PA phase, and Naugard 445® for the NBR phase) and study the influence of these antioxidants on the properties of the blend. The evaluation was performed through tensile strength, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The influence of the antioxidant system on the crystallization process of the PA phase was evaluated through isothermal DSC analysis. Results showed the best combination of antioxidant addition in master batches and during processing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Chokcharoenchai, Bandith, Nontawate Kraitape, Thanapon Kattiyaboot, Rattiya Rodsantia, and Chanchai Thongpin. "Cure Characteristics, Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Partially Cured NBR Blended with NR." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.463.

Full text

Abstract:

This research is aimed to study the effect of partially cured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene rubber (NBR) blended with natural rubber (NR) and vulcanized with sulfur system. The research started with compounding NBR with zinc chloride, ZnCl2 in an internal mixer. The cure characteristic of the NBR compound was investigated using moving die rheometer (MDR). The compound NBR is then blended in NR at 160 °C. The temperature was then lowered to 50 °C before the addition of sulfur cure additives. Cure characteristic of the rubber blends were investigated and found that the increasing of NBR caused shortened in scorch time. Rubber blends morphology was investigated using SEM. NBR was found dispersed in NR phase. The particle size of dispersed NBR was increased with its content. This is due to high viscosity of NBR and hence larger particles will be obtained. The de-bonding at the interface was shown in SEM micrograph. The compound is then filled with fragrance absorbed fumed silica. The fragrance silica was added during milling of NBR and NR. The releasing behavior of fragrance was found dependent upon NBR/NR ratio.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Pasa, Vânya M. D., Adriana V. Maciel, José C. Machado, and Guilherme O. Barra. "COMPATIBILITY STUDY OF NBR/PVC BLEND WITH GASOLINES AND ETHANOL FUEL." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 85, no. 2 (2012): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.12.88974.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract An NBR/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blend changed by aging (20 weeks in different fuels at room temperature) was evaluated for weight, hardness, mechanical properties, and microstructure. The exposure tests were made with premium gasoline, regular gasoline, regular gasoline doped with a rubber solvent, and an oxygenated renewable biofuel (ethanol fuel). After the aging tests, all NBR/PVC blend samples increased in both hardness and elastic modulus, whereas both elongation at break and tension at break decreased, but in different proportions. As the NBR/PVC blends aged, they became less elastomeric and more rigid. The regular gasoline doped with a rubber solvent was the most aggressive of the fuels tested because it promoted the extraction of a large quantity of the blend constituents, thus making the blend harder. In general, NBR/PVC samples immersed in the fuels showed similar mechanical behaviors, except in the case of immersion in ethanol. The values of parameters τ3 and I3 were obtained by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The changes in the mechanical properties and the reduction of the values of parameters τ3 and I3 were related to extraction of the plasticizer, which was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Wacharawichanant, Sirirat, Chawisa Wisuttrakarn, and Kasana Chomphunoi. "Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Poly (Lactic Acid) and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber Blends with Organoclay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.284.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of the montmorillonite clay surface modified with 25-30 wt% of methyl dihydroxyethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium (Clay-MHA) on morphology and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber copolymer (NBR)/Clay-MHA composites were investigated. The composites of blends of PLA/NBR with Clay-MHA were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer and molded by compression molding. The ratio of PLA and NBR was 80/20 by weight and the Clay-MHA content was 1, 3, 5 and 7 phr. The results showed Young’s modulus and stress at break of the composites increased with increasing Clay-MHA content. While the tensile strength and strain at break of the composites decreased with increasing Clay-MHA content. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the addition of Clay-MHA could improve the miscibility of PLA and NBR to be homogeneous blends and the pore in polymer blends was disappeared.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Dierkes, W., M. Tiwari, R. Guo, et al. "OVERCOMING INCOMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS IN ELASTOMER BLENDS BY TAILORED SURFACE PROPERTIES OF RUBBER ADDITIVES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 1 (2013): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.89977.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Rubber is a challenging composite material, whose functionality strongly depends on the affinity of the different materials in the composite and its morphology. One way to tailor polarity and chemistry of the filler surface is plasma coating. When using acetylene, thiophene, or pyrrole as monomers, the coating results in a reduced polarity of the filler compared with untreated silica, and unsaturated C–C bonds are formed on the surface. This improves the compatibility of the filler–polymer blends. In a SBR/EPDM blend, the filler–polymer compatibility is improved for all plasma-coated fillers compared with untreated silica. The best dispersion is achieved by plasma–pyrrole coating, as measured by the Payne effect and reinforcement parameter. The rubber–filler interaction is also highest for this blend, as measured by the bound rubber content. As expected, this results in improved tensile properties. In NBR/EPDM, the filler–filler interaction is significantly reduced by the plasma–pyrrole coating, which indicates a balanced compatibility of the pyrrole-treated silica in both polymers. The properties of the vulcanizate show the combinatorial effect of dispersion, filler–polymer interaction, polymer entanglements, and cross-link density. All plasma-treated, silica-filled NBR/EPDM materials show a considerable increase in tensile strength compared with untreated silica, with polyacetylene-treated silica resulting in the best properties. When plasma-coated curatives are used in SBR/EPDM blends, the scorch safety of the compounds is increased and the rupture energy is enhanced. In NBR/EPDM blends, all packages of the modified curatives provide an increased maximum torque compared with the control. Mechanical properties of the NBR/EPDM blend are improved even more than they are with SBR/EPDM. This indicates a more-balanced distribution of cross-links, along with a more-homogeneous carbon black dispersion over the different rubber phases. A better polarity match between additives and polymers usually results in improved material properties. The wide variety of monomers for the plasma polymerization allows researchers to tailor the surface properties of the additives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Shield, Stephanie R., Ghebrehiwet N. Ghebremeskel, and Cebron Hendrix. "Pyrolysis-GC/MS and TGA as Tools for Characterizing Blends of SBR and NBR." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 5 (2001): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547654.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract There is increased technological interest to use blends of various dissimilar elastomers in applications for which service, material availability, or cost of a single elastomer do not provide the necessary processing, vulcanizate, or economic properties. Properties of polyblends are sensitive to variations in the amounts of the individual polymers used. Therefore, there is a need for developing a variety of analytical tools that will enable the compounder to monitor the consistency of blend compositions. In this study, the feasibility of using pyrolysis-GC/MS and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to estimate the blend composition of SBR/NBR blends was investigated. Pyrolysis-GC/MS degradation products that are characteristic of each polymer were identified. The GC/MS peak areas were used to determine the blend composition. The blend compositions were estimated by TGA from the linear correlation between the polymer composition and the temperature required to pyrolyze a sample to a specific “% weight loss.” The results obtained by pyrolysis-GC/MS and TGA were compared to calculated blend ratios of SBR/NBR in order to estimate the accuracy of the test methods presented in this study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Yasinee, Wuttison, Thongyai Supakanok, Wacharawichanant Sirirat, and Piyasan Praserthdam. "Study on the Properties of Blends between Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene or Poly(Styrene-co-Acrylonitrile)." Advanced Materials Research 812 (September 2013): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.812.192.

Full text

Abstract:

Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) or nitrile rubber is an unsaturated copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile. NBR has been widely used for fuel hoses, seals and gaskets due to its excellent oil and fuel resistance. Aiming to develop NBR which has resistance to oxygenated solvent, NBR with acrylonitrile content of 34 wt%, was blended with Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and Poly (Styrene-co-Acrylonitrile) (SAN) as binary polymer systems. The NBR/ABS and SAN blends were prepared by mechanical blending in the composition of 80/20, 70/30 and 60/40 w/w. The effects of ABS or SAN content on mechanical, morphological and thermal properties were investigated and compared with commercials NBR. Mechanical properties were determined using the tensile testing machine. The morphologies of polymer blends were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thermal properties were examined using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It has been found that percent compatibility of ABS and SAN into NBR rich phase are 2.69 and 1.53 wt% respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Oravec, Jan, Yoshiyuki Oishi, Hidetoshi Hirahara, and Kunio Mori. "Crosslinking of PVC and NBR blends." Polymer International 32, no. 3 (1993): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4990320314.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Phruksaphithak, Nantharat, and Cholticha Noomhorm. "Polylactic Acid/Impact Modifier Blends." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.406.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of four impact modifiers: natural rubber (NR), poly (cis-1,4-isoprene) (IR), poly (acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (NBR) and poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA), on the morphology, thermal and tensile properties by solution blending of poly (lactic acid) and 5 and 10 wt% impact modifier were investigated. Results showed that Youngs modulus and T.S. at break decreased in all PLA/impact modifier blends. In addition, Youngs modulus in all blends and T.S. at break in PLA/NR, PLA/IR and PLA/NBR blends was not significantly affected by the type and content of impact modifiers in the blends, but T.S. at break in PLA/PEVA blends was decreased by increasing the PVEA content from 5 wt% to 10 wt%. By contrast, the elongation at break significantly increased in all PLA/impact modifier blends and only PLA/NBR blends was affected by the content of impact modifier. Finally, the increase in ductility of all PLA/impact modifier blends confirmed the toughening capability of all impact modifiers. Thus, it is evident from tensile properties obtained indicated that PLA/impact modifier blends exhibit greater flexibility with all impact modifiers. Phase separation morphology of dispersion of impact modifier in PLA matrix indicating poor interfacial adhesion was observed. Tgand Tmof PLA/impact modifier blends exhibited almost the same as pure PLA, this suggested that there was no molecular interaction between PLA and impact modifiers, therefore, the PLA/impact modifier blends were immiscible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Mamoor, G. M., Muhammad S. Irfan, Yasir Q. Gill, Asif A. Qaiser, and Farhan Saeed. "Effect of Recycled Polypropylene on the Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Polypropylene-NBR Thermoplastic Vulcanisates." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 28, no. 4 (2012): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776061202800404.

Full text

Abstract:

Virgin polypropylene (PP), recycled polypropylene (RPP) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were mixed together to prepare ternary blends (PP/RPP/NBR) of thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPVs). The blends comprised 30 parts per hundred (phr) NBR and 70 phr PP and RPP. Sulphur was used to dynamically crosslink the NBR during the blending process. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) was used as compatibiliser to enhance the interaction of the polypropylene and the rubber. In this study, the loading of RPP in the TPVs was varied and the effects on mechanical and rheological properties were studied. The hardness and the tensile strength of the TPVs increased upon increasing the RPP loading. The RPP exhibited an adverse effect on elongation-at-break of the vulcanisates, with the pseudo-plastic flow behaviour and the viscosity of the vulcanisates increasing with the increased loading of RPP.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'NBR Blends'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles