Journal articles: 'NCERT'

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Noronha, Anjali. "Review: NCERT Quality Monitoring Formats." Contemporary Education Dialogue 7, no. 1 (January 2010): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973184913411203.

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Bagchi, Subrata. "'Introducing Sociology': An Indiscreet Text from the NCERT." Social Scientist 32, no. 9/10 (September 2004): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3518208.

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Patil, Swarali. "Hegemonic Past: Exclusion of Subaltern Histories in NCERT Textbooks." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 5, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632719880622.

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History textbooks are always a site of contestation. Therefore, present political struggles for maintaining hegemony or overthrowing it play on the site of history. History as discipline has always been dominated by androcentric values. Therefore, feminist historiography was emerged which not only criticized existing androcentric historiographies but suggested new ways to do history. This article tries to analyze inclusions and exclusions within history textbooks. In the first part of the article I will try to analyze why certain histories never became part of the textbook and what are the sources that are used to write history. In this article I will analyze VIII standard NCERT history textbooks in India (Central level Government textbooks) through caste and gender lenses. In 2005 the theme of NCERT History textbooks changed from ‘our past’ (singular) to ‘our pasts’ (plural). However, this change does not reflect in the content of the textbook. I am using content analysis as a method to analyze pictures and texts. I will also try to contextualize the text within time and space. The exclusion and inclusion of history in the textbooks depends on the contemporary caste, patriarchal hegemony in our society. The dominant mainstream history has become part of these textbooks, but subaltern history is excluded from it. In this article I will also talk about the Dalit histories, Dalit women histories and tribal histories which are silenced as ‘other’ and remained part of counterculture but did not become part of these mainstream textbooks. In the later part of the article, I will try to look in what way the histories are altered to fit in a particular framework especially the histories of subalterns. At the end I will focus on how textbooks always build the idea of hegemonic nation and nationalism in students mind. Therefore, through this article I will analyze the ways through which the ‘other’ is being silenced in history textbooks.

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Parashar, Smita, and Smriti Singh. "Evaluating Gender Representation in NCERT Textbooks: A Content Analysis." Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5828.2020.00051.0.

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Naijan, Naijan. "Kurikulum Pendidikan Sejarah di India." Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 4, no. 1 (August 18, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jps.041.07.

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Schooling educational system in India uses system 5-3-2-2 in level, Lower Primary School for 5 years(class I-V), Upper Primary School for 3 years (classs VI-VIII), Secondary School 2 for years (class IXX),Higher Secondary School for 2 years (class XI-XII). Educational Curriculum ruled by a nationalcurriculum named National Curriculum Framework 2005 produced by National Council of EducationalResearch and Training (NCERT). NCERT is a governmental institution which hold education in India.NCERT is an institution belongs to Human Resource Development Ministry. Relating to the historysubject in the Indian Schools, the government puts it as an important subject, mainly for increasing thestudent’s nationalisme attitude. For this reason, the government makes the history as a compulsry subjecfor all level of school education in India, particularly the National History for class I - XII. Meanwhilethe World History taught only from class I until class X only.

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Pegler, Joseph L., Duc Quan Nguyen, Jackson M. J. Oultram, Christopher P. L. Grof, and Andrew L. Eamens. "Molecular Manipulation of the MiR396/GRF Expression Module Alters the Salt Stress Response of Arabidopsis thaliana." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091751.

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We previously demonstrated that microRNA396 (miR396) abundance is altered in 15-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) whole seedlings following their exposure to a 7-day salt stress treatment regime. We, therefore, used a molecular modification approach to generate two new Arabidopsis transformant populations with reduced (MIM396 plants) and elevated (MIR396 plants) miR396 abundance. The exposure of 8-day-old wild-type Arabidopsis whole seedlings and a representative plant line of the MIM396 and MIR396 transformant populations to a 7-day salt stress treatment regime revealed unique phenotypic and physiological responses to the imposed stress by unmodified wild-type Arabidopsis plants and the MIM396 and MIR396 transformat lines. A quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) approach was, therefore, applied to demonstrate that the plant line specific responses to salt stress likely stemmed from the unique molecular profile of each of the GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) transcription factor gene family members which form posttranscriptional targets of miR396-directed expression regulation. RT-qPCR additionally revealed that, in 15-day-old Arabidopsis whole seedlings, the three previously identified putative target genes of miR396 belonging to the NEUTRAL/ALKALINE NONLYSOSOMAL CERAMIDASE-LIKE (NCER) gene family, including NCER1, NCER2, and NCER3, do not form targets of miR396-directed expression regulation at the posttranscriptional level. Taken together, the phenotypic and molecular analyses presented here demonstrate that alteration of the miR396/GRF expression module is central to the molecular response of Arabidopsis to salt stress.

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Jindal, Shelly, Harish Kumar Tyagi, and Mohsin Ali Khan. "Inculcation of Values through Literature among Children: An Evaluation of NCERT English Textbook of Class-V." Journal of Teacher Education and Research 10, no. 1 (2015): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-1664.2015.00011.7.

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Khan Banerjee, Basabi, and Georg Stöber. "Living in Harmony?" Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 42–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2014.060204.

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Three societal lines of conflict, “casteism”, communalism, and regionalism, are regarded as severe challenges in present-day India. This article discusses and compares differences between presentations of these lines of conflict in six textbook series for social sciences prepared by the Indian states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, and by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) in New Delhi. The variations in perspective, scope, and approach are related to changing educational approaches and to specific discourses of identity politics, which may be explained in terms of the impact of different positions adopted by states and the union towards the issues, and in terms of the discursive dominance of specific sociopolitical viewpoints.

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Kushwaha, Rahul Chandra, Achintya Singhal, and Anupam Biswas. "E-Textbook Enrichment Using Graph Based E-Content Recommendation." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8696.

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This paper presents a novel computational technique for the enrichment of E-textbook using the recommendation of the open courseware, YouTube Videos, Wikipedia articles, Slideshare, Geogebra Applets and other relevant web contents. The research work is based on NCERT secondary class mathematics E-Textbook to improve the learning deficiency by enrichment of the book using augmentation of the relevant web contents. The text mining tool is used for the enrichment of the E-textbook using the relevant E-resources available from the web. A phrase graph based algorithmic framework has been developed to extract the mathematical concepts from the E-textbook and recommend the E-contents to the enrichment of the E-textbook. The proposed method provides more precise and relevant recommendations in comparison to the available methods.

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George, Alex M. "Political Science and Images in Schooling: Personal Reflections on Textbook Making Process." Contemporary Education Dialogue 16, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973184918799429.

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The article narrates a personal journey of learning and unlearning the images in school textbooks, its uses potentials and challenges as experienced by the author. It reflects upon the experiences of the process of selection of these images within the context of political science as a discipline. These experiences have been formed over a decade while working for Eklavya in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, and also at the NCERT in New Delhi. It locates changes in understanding the perspectives on political cartoons and posters as could be used in a school textbook. It also argues that there is a need to rethink ways in which cartoons are used in textbooks. Furthermore, it tells us something about the way political science as a discipline is taught in schools across India.

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Hegde, Rupamanjari. "Curriculum under Siege." Contemporary Education Dialogue 15, no. 2 (July 2018): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973184918781218.

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Citizenship education being central to the process of nation-building, changing political regimes promote a re-imagination of the ‘ideal’ citizen. A perusal of the successive national curriculum frameworks introduced by the NCERT (1975–2005) shows how curricula and textbooks have been repeatedly re-designed to suit the requirements of changing political regimes, throwing up contesting visions of citizenship and nationhood. While this explains the seemingly inevitable state-curricular linkage, the announcement made by the current political dispensation regarding an urgent need for drastic reduction of the curricular load at the school level raises serious concerns. It is widely speculated that the current ruling dispensation supported by its ideological mentor, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), is going to introduce curricular reforms aimed at reshaping the national identity in accordance with its ideological framework. As during the previous NDA regime (1998–2004), this would not only severely damage the multicultural narrative of India’s past and present, but would also pose a serious challenge to the very idea of India.

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Leonardos, E. D., M. J. Tsujita, and B. Grodzinski. "Net Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rates and Predicted Growth Patterns in Alstroemeria `Jacqueline' at Varying Irradiances, Carbon Dioxide Concentrations, and Air Temperatures." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 6 (November 1994): 1265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.6.1265.

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The influence of irradiance, CO2 concentration, and air temperature on leaf and whole-plant net C exchange rate (NCER) of Alstroemeria `Jacqueline' was studied. At ambient CO2, leaf net photosynthesis was maximum at irradiances above 600 μmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), while whole-plant NCER required 1200 μmol·m-2·s-1 PAR to be saturated. Leaf and whole-plant NCERs were doubled under CO2 enrichment of 1500 to 2000 μl CO2/liter. Leaf and whole-plant NCERs declined as temperature increased from 20 to 35C. Whereas the optimum temperature range for leaf net photosynthesis was 17 to 23C, whole-plant NCER, even at high light and high CO2, declined above 12C. Dark respiration of leaves and whole plants increased with a Q10 of ≈2 at 15 to 35C. In an analysis of day effects, irradiance, CO2 concentration, and temperature contributed 58%, 23%, and 14%, respectively, to the total variation in NCER explained by a second-order polynomial model (R2 = 0.85). Interactions among the factors accounted for 4% of the variation in day C assimilation. The potential whole-plant growth rates during varying greenhouse day and night temperature regimes were predicted for short- and long-day scenarios. The data are discussed with the view of designing experiments to test the importance of C gain in supporting flowering and high yield during routine harvest of Alstroemeria plants under commercial greenhouse conditions.

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Vashishtha, Kriti. "Impact of Life Skills on Leadership Development." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 2, no. 3 (July 25, 2015): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12650.

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Life skills are basically the psychosocial skills which include personal, social, interpersonal, cognitive and affective components on an individual. For a better life one needs to have better decision making and problem solving skills. If any head or leader posses these characteristics then his/her tasks of making his/her leadership effective also becomes easy. Present study aims to see the impact of life skills sessions on problem solving and decision making attitude of school level leaders. For this purpose, 150 students were selected from 10 different schools. The age group ranged between 16-18 years. It is a pre and post test study. After taking the pre-test of the students (head/leaders) on the basis life-skills questionnaire by NCERT, the students were provided with 10 life-skills sessions (5 on problem solving and 5 on decision making, one session per day). After the sessions, the same questionnaire was administered on the students. On the basis of students’ response, t-test was applied and results have showed a significant enhancement in the skills of decision making and problem solving in the leaders.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-3: 273-274 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12650

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Toppo, Neha, and Rahman Rahman. "Socio-cultural Sustainability through Study Material: English Language Teaching in India." Problemy Ekorozwoju 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2021.2.26.

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Teaching materials are the primary source of input in the language classroom. The potential of English language teaching (ELT) materials to preserves and transmit our culture, value, identity, and language make it significant for socio-cultural sustainability. The materials developed by the National Council of Education and Research Training (NCERT) are far and wide running study materials in primary and secondary schools in India. India exhibits a massive variety of cultures, customs, languages, and religious beliefs. The selection and development of apt materials is, therefore, a matter of serious deliberation. The centrally developed material, despite numerous benefits, often lacks in representing different groups of students, especially the backward and marginalized ones. The contents, in most cases, are representative of the mainstream. Therefore, the study suggests teachers developed supplementary materials to which learners from all the groups can relate. The researcher has taken the context of Jharkhand and illustrates self-developed supplementary materials prepared using contents from learners’ social and cultural backgrounds. The article offers various suggestions on how to develop such materials that could bring socio-cultural equity in the classroom, making a significant contribution to social sustainability.

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Kaur, Baljit. "Book Reviews : Indian Research in Child Development: A Small Yet Vital Step Ahead Updesh K. Bevli (ed.), Researches in child development: A book of readings. New Delhi: NCERT, 1990, pp. 299, Rs. 21. Updesh K. Bevli, Paul A.S. Ghuman, & Pierre R. Dasen (eds.), Cognitive development of the Indian child. New Delhi: NCERT, 1989, pp. 291, Rs. 21. Updesh K. Bevli, Rajendra Kapoor, Bharati K., & Lakshmi Tiwari (eds.), The growth of logical thinking in children. New Delhi: NCERT, 1990, pp. 250." Psychology and Developing Societies 4, no. 1 (September 1992): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097133369200400107.

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Sarkar, Goutam. "ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (EDI): A BLOCK LEVEL ANALOGY IN UTTAR DINAJPUR DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL." ENSEMBLE 2, no. 2 (August 12, 2021): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2021-0202-a030.

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Education is a man-making process that nurtures an individual’s fullest development. In this sense, education is referred to as developing the intellect, essential thinking abilities, social and intellectual understanding, and acceptance of one’s self (Basics in Education, NCERT, 2014). The role of education should not cease at imparting learning and skills. It should further aim to empower a future citizen to perform expected roles and challenges with higher-order quality and perfection. Every country develops its system of education to express and promote its unique socio-cultural identity and also meet the challenges of times. According to UNESCO (1996), quality education must be supported by the four pillars of learning: learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live together. They are still unable to avail their right to education as a fundamental right due to lack of awareness, economic provision, guidance, government support, etc. The male literacy rate is 65.52 per cent and the female literacy rate is 52.17 per cent in the district (Census of India, 2011). In this present paper, an attempt has been made to identify the education scenario and explain its basic index of the district by Principal Component Analysis Index (PCAI).

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Harbut, Rebecca M., J. Alan Sullivan, John T. A. Proctor, and Harry J. Swartz. "Net Carbon Exchange Rate of Fragaria Species, Synthetic Octoploids, and Derived Germplasm." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no. 3 (May 2012): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.3.202.

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The net carbon exchange rate (NCER) of Fragaria species, synthetic octoploids [SO (interspecific hybrids)], F1 (SO × cultivar), and first outcross [OC1 (F1 × cultivar)] hybrids were evaluated in both field and greenhouse conditions. Plants were grown in a field trial at the Elora Research Station in Ontario, Canada, for one season and then plants were dug and moved into a greenhouse where the trial was repeated during the next season. Single leaf photosynthesis measurements and light response curves were generated at different stages of plant development. Photosynthetic capacity of the species was related to the ecological background of the species with sun-adapted species having higher rates compared with the shade-adapted species. The Fragaria species and introgressed hybrids (F1 and OC1) had significantly higher NCERs compared with the cultivars with rates 28% and 23% higher, respectively. Species and hybrids also appear to have increased adaptability to both high and low light conditions. These increases in NCER may be a heterotic effect because NCER of the hybrids were consistently higher compared with the midparent values and in some cases, they were higher than the high parent. These results suggest that the introgression of lower-ploidy Fragaria species into the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) may lead to increased NCER and light adaptability.

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Padmanabhan, Jubilee, and Shireesh Pal Singh. "Integrated Approach to ESD towards Enhancing Knowledge on Sustainable Development." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 63 (November 2015): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.63.40.

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Sustainable Development (SD) is one the most discussed issue now days, which is gaining priority day by day due to the exploitation of nature in a drastic way. It is from this apprehension that ‘Education for sustainable development’ (ESD) emerged with an immediate urge to preserve and conserve our nature and natural resources.The concept of ESD entangles the different countries and states across the world as a whole for a sustainable society, which merges the environment, economic and social dimensions. The paper discusses about the effect of integrated approach to education for sustainable development on the students’knowledge on sustainable development.The investigator developed acurriculum by integrating SD concepts into science and social science of VII standard of NCERT syllabus and various learning activities for their transaction by incorporating several pedagogical strategies that lead to constructing knowledge, developing social perspectives and analytical abilities.The study was of quasi experimental in nature withtwo group pre-test-post-test design, whereby the integratedcurriculum was taught to the experimental group for about five months and the control group was exposed to the conventional curriculum and methodology. It was found that there was a significant difference on the knowledge on sustainable development between experimental and control group. The experimental group had a higher mean knowledge score than the control group.On the basis of the findings from the study, it is concluded that there is a sheer need to highlight the importance of integration of SD components in pedagogy at all levels.

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Rachuru, Sanjeev, V. Jagannadham, and R. Veda Vrathc. "A simple rule of thumb for the explanation of d-orbital splitting in complexes." Educación Química 31, no. 4 (October 6, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fq.18708404e.2020.4.71913.

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<br /><table class="t1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td class="td1" valign="top"><p class="p2"><span class="s1"> </span>En las aulas de química a nivel preuniversitario y de ingeniería (disciplina no química) de primer año en universidades de la India, la división de los niveles de energía de los orbitales d en complejos es un concepto importante que debe aprenderse, pero no se explica explícitamente en los libros estándar usados. En los libros estándar como ‘Química inorgánica concisa’ de J .D. Lee y ‘Química inorgánica teórica’ de Marion Clyde Jr. Day y Joel Selbin, han explicado la división de los orbitales d en octaédricos, tetraédricos, planos cuadrados, etc. ., complejos muy bien. Lo mismo ocurre con el último libro de texto de química preuniversitario NCERT (Volumen I) escrito para la audiencia india. La razón por la que los niveles de energía de ciertos orbitales d están por encima del baricentro y por qué algunos están por debajo del baricentro, sin embargo, no se explica en ninguno de los libros (incluidos los últimos libros). Esta breve comunicación describe una simple regla empírica que permite explicar este fenómeno a los estudiantes. Además, se traza un gráfico importante en los libros estándar, pero no se explica la tendencia de la curva. Esta sencilla regla también es útil para explicar este gráfico y el fenómeno químico representado.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>

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O’Donoghue, Rob, Christa Henze, Chong Shimray, Kartikeya V. Sarabhai, and Juan Carlos A. Sandoval Rivera. "Hand-Print CARE: Towards Ethics-led Action Learning for ESD in School Subject Disciplines." Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 14, no. 1 (March 2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973408220934647.

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The Hand-Print concept emerged as a proposition for learner-led action learning in the Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Hand-Print CARE as an ethics-led action learning proposition was developed at a Local Culture for Understanding Mathematics and Science (LOCUMS) research group meeting with some educators in Alta, Norway. Here ‘CARE’ emerged as an acronym reflecting an ethic of inclusive respect through Concern for others, being Attentive to needs, showing Respect for each other and being Engaged in learning actions for the common good. Hand-Print CARE was thus activated as a co-engaged mediation process towards ‘Learning to look after others to best care for ourselves and the surroundings we all share’. Conceptual tools towards a Hand-Print CARE rationale were clarified in subsequent ESD workshops in Malaysia and Mexico and the challenge of developing a schema for ESD in school subject disciplines emerged at an ESD training workshop with National Council for Education Research and Training (NCERT) in Delhi, India. This article explores the emergence of Hand-Print CARE and the framing of an open-ended schema for mediating better-situated and ethics-led action learning in school subject disciplines. A formative perspective towards more locally situated and co-engaged processes for mediating learning was refined through an ESD Expert-Net collaboration to clarify ESD learning progressions in school subject disciplines. Some start-up materials were developed with partnering NGOs in the small town of Howick in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and in an expanding collaboration involving partners in India, Mexico, Germany and South Africa. Each of us worked to refine Hand-Print CARE learning progressions for ESD processes of action learning in diverse subject discipline and school-in-community settings.

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Satapathy, Anita. "SIGNIFICANCE AND PROMOTION OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE." BSSS Journal of Education 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/je1010.

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Innovation does not delineate synthesising something from nothing but it anticipates on researching prevailing solutions to come up with a novel hypothesis to test. Research which is an amalgamation of both experience and reasoning is regarded as the most successful loom to the discovery of truth. The chief mileage of research and innovation is to get deep into the topic so that something helpful can be drawn out for everybody, which is long-lasting, ultimately leading to a sustainable future that can be utilized in that particular sector whenever required. It uses all the essential tools to uncover something new and involves a different way of looking at problems and resolving them. These also equip people with the wider knowledge, skills and abilities which are sustainable in order to participate in today’s economy and society, and lead consummate and meaningful lives. In today’s innovation economy, diverse fields of professional education it has become more important for developing the next generation of innovators and divergent thinkers which is also called as sustainable development in education sector. So, the educators have to be well versed with the concept and strategies of the innovative research work of their fields. In this paper the author highlights upon the significance of research and innovation in any professional education which is significant for sustainable development of education as well as enumerates the initiatives been taken by various educational governing bodies such as CSIR, AICTE, UGC, NCERT,SCERT, in promoting and enhancing their innovative research work either with the assistance of technology, finance, e-resources,organizing conferences at National and International levels, Training on Research Methodology with special reference to Action Research, development of Institutional Mechanism for conducting research study by teacher educators, publishing various educational research journals or implementation of various innovative programmes.

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Jiao, J., M. J. Tsujita, and B. Grodzinski. "Influence of radiation and CO2 enrichment on whole plant net CO2 exchange in roses." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-034.

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At three stages of flowering shoot development, varying the irradiance and CO2 levels had a similar effect on the whole-plant net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) of Samantha rose plants. At 22 °C, the NCER was saturated at 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The duration of the light period was also important in determining daily carbon (C) gain. When roses were exposed to a constant daily radiant energy dose of 17.6 μmol m−2 provided either as a 12-h irradiation interval at 410 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR or 24 h of irradiation at 204 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR, the plants exposed to 24 h of continuous irradiation at the lower photon flux density retained 80% more C. Under saturating irradiance, the net photosynthetic rate at an enriched (1000 μL L−1) CO2 level was almost double that at ambient (350 μL L−1) CO2. However, plants grown at ambient and enriched CO2 levels had similar whole-plant NCERs when compared at the same assay CO2 level. Under CO2 enrichment the flower stem was longer and thicker but the flower bud size at harvest was not significantly different to that of roses grown at the ambient CO2 level. Key words: CO2 enrichment, daily carbon gain, net CO2 exchange rate, radiation, Rosa hybrida

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Harbut, R. M., J. A. Sullivan, and J. T. A. Proctor. "Temperature affects dry matter production and net carbon exchange rate of lower-ploidy Fragaria species and species hybrids." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09144.

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Wild species can contribute to a breeding program through their wide adaptability to a range of habitats. In interspecific crosses it is not known how these species may interact in the hybrids. The dry matter production and net carbon exchange rates (NCER) of four lower-ploidy Fragaria species, four species hybrids (synthetic octoploids, SOs) and two cultivars (Allstar and Jewel) were compared under three day/night temperature regimes, low (15°C/10°C), medium (23°C/18°C) and high (30°C/25°C) in growth cabinets. Light intensity was maintained at 425 µmol m-2 s-1 and day length at 14 h. The wild Fragaria species had the highest NCERs across all temperature regimes. High temperatures had a depressing effect on plant dry weight for most genotypes. However, F. nubicola and SO 8245 produced 15 and 33%, respectively, higher plant dry weight at the high temperature compared with the low temperature treatment. Net carbon exchange rates for most species and synthetic octoploids were not significantly affected by high temperature. However, SO 8212 did not survive the high temperature treatment. The lower ploidy Fragaria species can be used to create synthetic octoploids that can maintain net carbon exchange rates and produce plant dry weights that are comparable with those of Fragaria cultivars. The ecological background of the species did not have a negative impact on the plant dry weight and NCER of the synthetic octoploids. Some of the SOs may be sources for improvement of Fragaria cultivars for dry matter production at higher temperatures.

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Lasso de la Vega Gonzlez, R., M. D. Pineda Pineda, and R. Gonzlez Mancha. "C?ncer de pleura." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 24 (January 2005): 1574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73512-8.

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Gmez Espaa, A., R. Serrano Blanch, and E. Aranda Aguilar. "C?ncer de colon." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 25 (February 2005): 1621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73522-0.

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Gmez Bernal, A., and P. Snchez Garca. "C?ncer de ovario." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 26 (February 2005): 1667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73532-3.

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Garca Mat, J., M. D. Lpez, M. E. Prez Lpez, and J. Garca Gmez. "C?ncer de ?tero." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 26 (February 2005): 1675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73533-5.

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Martn Valads, J. I., J. L. Lpez Gonzlez, R. Molina Villaverde, and M. Arroyo Yustos. "C?ncer de vejiga." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 27 (March 2005): 1749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73545-1.

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Penna, C. "C?ncer de recto." EMC - Tratado de Medicina 7, no. 3 (January 2003): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1636-5410(03)70266-9.

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Gmez Espaa, A., R. Serrano Blanch, and E. Aranda Aguilar. "C?ncer de es?fago." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 25 (February 2005): 1605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73520-7.

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Morales Chamorro, R., M. J. Mndez Vidal, and E. Aranda Aguilar. "C?ncer de est?mago." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 25 (February 2005): 1613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73521-9.

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de la Haba Rodrguez, J., M. J. Mndez Vidal, and E. Aranda Aguilar. "C?ncer de p?ncreas." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 25 (February 2005): 1628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73523-2.

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Garca Palomo, A., Rodrguez Snchez, P. Diz Tain, and C. Castan Lpez. "C?ncer de mama (I)." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 26 (February 2005): 1681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73534-7.

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Navarro Expsito, F., R. Molina Villaverde, J. I. Martn Valads, and M. Arroyo Yustos. "C?ncer de test?culo." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 27 (March 2005): 1741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73544-x.

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Molina Villaverde, R., J. L. Lpez Gonzlez, F. Navarro Expsito, and M. lvarez de Mon Soto. "C?ncer de ri??n." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 27 (March 2005): 1758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73546-3.

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Prieto Martn, A., R. Molina Villaverde, F. Navarro Expsito, J. L. Lpez Gonzlez, A. de la Hera Martnez, and M. lvarez-Mon Soto. "Sistema inmune y c?ncer." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 34 (May 2005): 2229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73708-5.

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Gozy, M., E. C. Antoine, G. Auclerc, D. Nizri, and D. Khayat. "Epidemiolog?a y c?ncer." EMC - Tratado de Medicina 6, no. 2 (January 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1636-5410(02)70180-3.

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Pariente, A. "C?ncer de es?fago." EMC - Tratado de Medicina 6, no. 3 (January 2002): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1636-5410(02)70219-5.

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Noordman, B. J., M. G. E. Verdam, B. Onstenk, J. Heisterkamp, W. J. B. M. Jansen, I. S. Martijnse, S. M. Lagarde, et al. "Quality of Life During and After Completion of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal and Junctional Cancer." Annals of Surgical Oncology 26, no. 13 (October 16, 2019): 4765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-019-07779-w.

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Abstract Background The course of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during and after completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for esophageal or junctional carcinoma is unknown. Methods This study was a multicenter prospective cohort investigation. Patients with esophageal or cancer to be treated with nCRT plus esophagectomy were eligible for inclusion in the study. The HRQOL of the patients was measured with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30, QLQ-OG25, and QLQ-CIPN20 questionnaires before and during nCRT, then 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks after nCRT and before surgery. Predefined end points were based on the hypothesized impact of nCRT. The primary end points were physical functioning, odynophagia, and sensory symptoms. The secondary end points were global quality of life, fatigue, weight loss, and motor symptoms. Mixed modeling analysis was used to evaluate changes over time. Results Of 106 eligible patients, 96 (91%) were included in the study. The rate of questionnaires returned ranged from 94% to 99% until week 12, then dropped to 78% in week 16 after nCRT. A negative impact of nCRT on all HRQOL end points was observed during the last cycle of nCRT (all p < 0.001) and 2 weeks after nCRT (all p < 0.001). Physical functioning, odynophagia, and sensory symptoms were restored to pretreatment levels respectively 8, 4, and 6 weeks after nCRT. The secondary end points were restored to baseline levels 4–6 weeks after nCRT. Odynophagia, fatigue, and weight loss improved after nCRT compared with baseline levels at respectively 6 (p < 0.001), 16 (p = 0.001), and 12 weeks (p < 0.001). Conclusion After completion of nCRT for esophageal cancer, HRQOL decreases significantly, but all HRQOL end points are restored to baseline levels within 8 weeks. Odynophagia, fatigue, and weight loss improved 6–16 weeks after nCRT compared with baseline levels.

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Suzuki, Lucia, Daan Nieboer, Jan JB van Lanschot, Manon CW Spaander, Leendert HJ Looijenga, and Katharina Biermann. "Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on p53 and SOX2 protein expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma." Biomarkers in Medicine 14, no. 9 (June 2020): 785–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2020-0135.

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Aim: To determine if neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) affects p53 and SOX2 expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Materials & methods: Comparison of p53 and SOX2 expression in 100 paired pre- and post-nCRT EAC samples. Results: Aberrant p53 was largely concordant (75/83, 90%), while 13/18 (72%) pre-nCRT samples with wild-type (WT) p53 staining, showed aberrant staining in paired post-nCRT samples. Similarly, 31/45 (69%) with previous WT SOX2 showed SOX2 loss in paired post-nCRT samples, whereas aberrant SOX2 loss was concordant in 50/55 (91%) cases. The prognostic values of both markers regarding survival differ before and after nCRT. Conclusion: Aberrant expression of p53 and SOX2 staining in EAC tissue is unaffected by nCRT. Conversely, the WT-staining pattern frequently changed to aberrant expression.

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Kim, HyungJin, Gun Kim, Ri Na Yoo, Bong-Hyeon Kye, and Hyeon-Min Cho. "Oncologic outcome of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2016): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.661.

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661 Background: Lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis is a major cause of recurrence in patients with rectal cancer. This study investigates the oncologic outcome based on LPLN status after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Methods: Between January 2009 and February 2013, 141 patients with rectal cancer received nCRT followed by curative radical surgery in our hospital. 16 patients were identified with LPLN before nCRT. These patients were categorized to two groups according to nCRT response evidenced by post-nCRT imaging studies with 5mm criteria. Group 1 included 7 patients who showed disappearance of LPLN after nCRT. Group 2 consisted of the patients identified with LPLN after nCRT. Results: The mean follow-up period was 35.6 ± 12.8 months. The mean overall survival (OS) period and 3-year OS rate for the patient with LPLN before nCRT was 56.0 ± 2.6 months and 93.3%, respectively. The mean relapse free survival period and 3-year RFS rate for the patient with LPLN before nCRT was 32.6 ± 5.7 months and 47.1%, respectively. The risk factors associated with RFS were ypN stage (P = 0.031), tumor location (P = 0.002), and postoperative CEA level (P = 0.022). Comparing RFS between Group 1 and 2, Group 1 tended to demonstrate longer RFS (P = 0.058). Analyzing oncologic outcome of two groups compared to the cohort population, group 1 showed similar oncologic outcome with ypTNM stage II. Group 2 demonstrated a tendency of worse oncologic outcome than ypTNM stage III (Group 1 vs. ypII P = 0.761 and Group 2 vs. ypIII P = 0.135). Conclusions: Preoperative LPLN status after nCRT seems to influence oncologic outcome in rectal cancer patient. If patients with LPLN metastasis before nCRT exhibit persistent LPLN metastasis after nCRT, they may require additional treatment.

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Zhou, Jiaolin, Guole Lin, Yuhua Gong, Yanyan Zhang, Yan-Fang Guan, Xuefeng Xia, Xin Yi, Xiaoqiang Xue, Xueshan Bai, and Ling Yang. "Serial ctDNA analysis as a real-time indicator of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 3569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.3569.

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3569 Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is nowadays the standard of care for the locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, there is no effective method to predict patients’ possible benefits from nCRT and monitor the response to it. Methods: Patients with locally advanced middle and low rectal cancer of stage cT3-4N0M0 or cTanyN+M0 were enrolled from August 2017 to July 2018. All patients received nCRT with long-term radiation plus fluorouracil based chemotherapy, followed by the radical surgery. Serial plasma samples were collected pre-nCRT, during nCRT, and preoperatively (8 weeks after the completion of nCRT). Somatic mutations were detected with next-generation sequencing using a 1021-gene panel with peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA as a germline control. Results: This prospective cohort study enrolled 61 patients with rectal cancer. The pathological complete response (pCR) rate and the downstage rate was 31% (19/61) and 80% (49/61), respectively. ctDNA was detectable in 77% (47/61), 18% (11/61) and 13% (8/61) of blood samples obtained pre-nCRT, during nCRT and preoperatively, respectively. No significant association was observed between pre-nCRT ctDNA status with any clinicopathological factors, including age, gender, differentiation or tumor circumferential extent. Among the 8 patients with detectable ctDNA preoperatively, pathological tumor regression grade (TRG) of CAP 2-3 were observed and hepatic metastasis was found in 4 patients within 2 months. For patients with undetectable pre-operative ctDNA, a higher proportion archived pathological downstaging (85% vs 50%). The correlation between preoperative ctDNA status and achievement of pathological downstage was independent of age, gender or differentiation (p = 0.02). In addition, preoperative ctDNA positivity was associated with the persistently involved lymph node (p = 0.02). However, neither pre-nCRT nor during-nCRT ctDNA status was associated with pathological downstaging or persistently lymph node involvement. Conclusions: Detectable ctDNA after the completion of nCRT is a predicator of unsatisfactory curative effect of patients with LARC, which might indicate novel treatment intensification studies. Clinical trial information: NCT03042000.

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Cassinello Espinosa, J., A. Arcediano del Amo, I. Fernndez-Raada Shaw, and I. Garca Castro. "C?ncer de pr?stata avanzado." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 27 (March 2005): 1772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(05)73548-7.

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Hernndez Hernndez, J. R. "C?ncer de pulm?n (I)." Medicine - Programa de Formaci?n M?dica Continuada Acreditado 9, no. 66 (November 2006): 4257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0211-3449(06)74416-2.

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Borggreve, Alicia, Peter Van Rossum, Stella Mook, Nadia Haj Mohammad, Richard Hillegersberg, and Jelle Ruurda. "FA08.01: MORTALITY AND REFRAINMENT FROM ESOPHAGECTOMY IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS THAT STARTED NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.fa08.01.

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Abstract Background Esophagectomy functions as the cornerstone of the curative treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer. The addition of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) to surgery improves survival, but can be accompanied by substantial toxicity on the other hand. This cohort study describes the consequences of nCRT for esophageal cancer in terms of mortality (during or after the course of nCRT) in real-world clinical practice, as well as the proportion of patients that do not proceed to planned esophagectomy after finishing nCRT. Methods All patients that started nCRT (carboplatin/paclitaxel with 41.4 Gy) for primary, locally advanced, esophageal cancer in 2015 were included from the nationwide population-based cancer registry. Outcome measurements were mortality during or within 90 days after neoadjuvant therapy (and before planned esophagectomy), as well as refrainment from planned esophagectomy after starting nCRT and the reasons for cancelled esophagectomy. Results Some 740 patients that started nCRT for esophageal cancer were included (Table 1). A total of 13 (1.8%) patients died during or within 90 days after nCRT (before planned esophagectomy). A total of 79 (10.7%) patients that started nCRT did not proceed to esophagectomy. The most frequently reported reasons for not proceeding to esophagectomy were tumor progression (4.6%, n = 34), performance status (2.7%, n = 20), and patients’ request (1.8%, n = 13). Conclusion In this population-based study, 1 in 10 (10.7%) patients that started nCRT for locally advanced esophageal cancer did not undergo esophagectomy. Further research should aim to investigate whether this patient group can be selected prior to treatment, and if interventions and counseling will result in a larger proportion of patients who will undergo surgery. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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Hu, Hongbo, and Huijie Jiang. "Prediction of Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Based on 3.0T MRI Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion Weighted-Imaging with Fe3O4 Nanocontrast Agent." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2019.3068.

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The purpose of this study was to preliminarily explore the feasibility of pre-treatment intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Fifty-four patients underwent preoperative IVIM-DWI before (pre-nCRT) and after nCRT (post-nCRT). The values of pre-nCRT and post-nCRT IVIM-DWI parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient standard (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f), together with the percentage changes (Δ% parametric value) induced by nCRT, were compared between pathological complete response (pCR) and non-pCR groups. After nCRT, the ADC and Dvalues for LARC increased significantly (all P <0.05). The TRG score revealed positive correlations with pre f (r = 0.357, P = 0.020), postD (r =0.551,P <0.001), and Δ%D (r =0.605, P <0.001). The pCR group (n =10) had higher preD *, pref, postD, Δ%ADC, and Δ%D values than the non-pCR group (n =32) (allP <0.05). The GR group (n =15) exhibited higher postD, %ADC, and %D values than the PR group (n =27) (allP <0.05). Based on ROC analysis, Δ%D had a higher area under the curve value than Δ%ADC (P =0.009) in discriminating the pCR and non-pCR groups. IVIM-DWI may be helpful in identifying pCR to nCRT for LARC and is more accurate than traditional DWI.

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Borggreve, Alicia, S. Heethuis, L. Goense, P. Van Rossum, A. L. H. M. W. Van Lier, Richard Hillegersberg, Jelle Ruurda, J. Lagendijk, Stella Mook, and G. J. Meijer. "PS02.082: OPTIMAL TIMING FOR ASSESSMENT OF TUMOR RESPONSE TO NCRT WITH MRI IN PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL CANCER." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps02.082.

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Abstract Background Accurate identification of esophageal cancer patients with a pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) could enable safe omission of surgery in these patients. Diffusion-weighted (DW-)MRI imaging during the first 2–3 weeks of nCRT has shown promising results in the prediction of pCR to nCRT in esophageal cancer. However, the optimal timing of scanning for pathologic response prediction is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the optimal timing of DW-MRI scanning during nCRT to predict pCR. Methods Consecutive patients with esophageal cancer undergoing nCRT (carboplatin/paclitaxel combined with 41.4Gy), followed by esophagectomy were eligible for inclusion in this prospective study. Patients underwent 6 sequential MRI scans of which one was performed prior to nCRT, and 5 were performed weekly during nCRT. The relative change in median tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the tumor on DW-MRI was determined at these six time points: ΔADC week(n)(%) = (ADCweek(n)-ADCbaseline)/ADCbaseline*100%. Response to nCRT was determined based on histopathologic evaluation of the resection specimen. Results A total of 123 MRI scans of 21 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer were analyzed. A pCR was found in 23.8% (5/21). Results of the linear mixed model analysis and logistic regression analysis (per week) are depicted in Table 1. The difference in tumor ADC values between pCR and non-pCR patients was most prominent in week 3 of nCRT (after 12–14 fractions, P = 0.04). Conclusion The treatment-induced changes on DW-MRI during the first 3 weeks of nCRT appear to be the most promising for prediction of pCR in esophageal cancer patients. This information can be used in future DW-MRI validation studies, and eventually lead to accurate preoperative identification of pCR. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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Chopra, Asmita, Jacob C. Hodges, Adam Olson, Steven A. Burton, Kenneth K. Lee, Nathan Bahary, Aatur D. Singhi, et al. "Outcomes and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation versus chemotherapy in localized pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.727.

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727 Background: Neoadjuvant therapy is increasingly used for pancreatic cancer (PDA). The comparative efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) versus chemoradiation (NCRT) remains uncertain. We aimed to compare NC and NCRT on survival outcomes and pathologic endpoints of PDA. Methods: Single-center analysis of PDAs treated with NC or NCRT between 2008-2018. Average treatment effects (ATE) were estimated after matching cases to controls using Mahalanobis distance nearest-neighbor matching. Competing risk survival analysis and inverse probability weighted estimates (IPWE) were used for disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) respectively. Results: Of 418 patients (median age 67yrs, 51% females), 327 received NC and 91 received NCRT. NCRT patients had more locally advanced disease, cross-over NC regimens (gemcitabine & 5-FU based), longer neoadjuvant therapy duration, open surgery and vascular resection (all p < 0.05). NCRT was associated with lower LN positivity, LNR, LVI and PNI, higher R0 rates, and higher near complete and complete pathologic responses (all p < 0.05, table). After adjustment, NCRT was associated with a significant reduction in LN positivity [95%CI = (-)0.41-(-)0.07; p = 0.007] and LVI [95%CI = (-)0.36-(-)0.03; p = 0.02]. While NCRT was associated with improved OS on UVA (25.5 vs. 21.6 months; p = 0.04), it was not significantly associated with OS by IPWE after adjusting for adjuvant therapy [95%CI = (-)5.02-16.3; p = 0.3] or DFS on competing risk analysis (95%CI = 0.78-1.31; p = 0.96). Conclusions: Although NCRT is associated with improved pathologic surrogates, it is not associated with improved survival in PDA. [Table: see text]

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Fei, Fei, Mingqing Zhang, Bo Li, Lizhong Zhao, Hui Wang, Lina Liu, Yuwei Li, et al. "Formation of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells Involves in the Prognostic Value of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2019 (August 29, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2316436.

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We previously reported that polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) exhibit cancer stem cell properties and can generate daughter cells with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype. This study investigated the role of PGCC formation in the prognostic value of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The morphological characteristics were observed in patients with LARC after nCRT. Colorectal cancer cell lines were treated with irradiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, and the metastasis-related proteins were detected. 304 nCRT cases and 301 paired non-nCRT cases were collected for analysis. More PGCCs and morphologic characteristics related to invasion and metastasis appeared in tumor tissue after nCRT. Irradiation or chemicals could induce the formation of PGCCs with daughter cells exhibiting strong migratory, invasive, and proliferation abilities. In patients after nCRT, pathologic complete remission, partial remission, stable disease, and progressive disease were observed in 29 (9.54%), 125 (41.12%), 138 (45.39%), and 12 (3.95%) patients, respectively. Mucinous adenocarcinomas (MCs) occurred more frequently in nCRT than in non-nCRT patients (χ2 = 29.352, P=0.001), and the prognosis in MC patients was worse than that in non-MC patients (χ2 = 24.617, P=0.001). The difference in survival time had statistical significance for 60 days (χ2 = 5.357, P=0.021) and 70 days (χ2 = 18.830, P=0.001) rest interval time. On multivariable analysis, 60 days rest interval, Duke’s stage, and recurrence and/or distant metastasis remained significant predictors of survival. In conclusion, irradiation or chemicals induce the formation of PGCCs and PGCCs produce daughter cells with strong migration and invasion abilities after a long incubation period. Appropriate rest interval (incubation period) is very important for patients with LARC who will receive nCRT.

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Momma, Tomoyuki, Hirokazu Okayama, Yasuyuki Kanke, Satoshi Fukai, Hisashi Onozawa, Shotaro Fujita, Wataru Sakamoto, Motonobu Saito, Shinji Ohki, and Koji Kono. "Validation of Gene Expression-Based Predictive Biomarkers for Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 4642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184642.

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Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery is widely used for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. However, response to nCRT varies substantially among patients, highlighting the need for predictive biomarkers that can distinguish non-responsive from responsive patients before nCRT. This study aimed to build novel multi-gene assays for predicting nCRT response, and to validate our signature and previously-reported signatures in multiple independent cohorts. Methods: Three microarray datasets of pre-therapeutic biopsies containing a total of 61 non-responders and 53 responders were used as the discovery cohorts to screen for genes that were consistently associated with nCRT response. The predictive values of signatures were tested in a meta-analysis using six independent datasets as the validation cohorts, consisted of a total of 176 non-responders and 99 responders. Results: We identified four genes, including BRCA1, GPR110, TNIK, and WDR4 in the discovery cohorts. Although our 4-gene signature and nine published signatures were evaluated, they were unable to predict nCRT response in the validation cohorts. Conclusions: Although this is one of the largest studies addressing the validity of gene expression-based classifiers using pre-treatment biopsies from patients with rectal cancer, our findings do not support their clinically meaningful values to be predictive of nCRT response.

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Journal articles on the topic 'NCERT'

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