Academic literature on the topic 'NDE methods'

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Journal articles on the topic "NDE methods"

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Shim, Hyung-Seop. "Performance evaluation of NDE methods." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 7, no. 2 (2003): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02841974.

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Zhang, Dan, Fei-Xiang He, Xue-Bo Li, Zhulidezi Aishan, and Xiao-Long Lin. "New Mitogenomes of the Polypedilum Generic Complex (Diptera: Chironomidae): Characterization and Phylogenetic Implications." Insects 14, no. 3 (2023): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14030238.

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Mitochondrial genomics, as a useful marker for phylogenetics and systematics of organisms, are important for molecular biology studies. The phylogenetic relationships of the Polypedilum generic complex remains controversial, due to lack taxonomy and molecular information. In this study, we newly sequenced mitogenomes of 14 species of the Polypedilum generic complex. Coupled with three recently published sequences, we analyzed the nucleotide composition, sequence length, and evolutionary rate of this generic complex. The control region showed the highest AT content. The evolution rate of protein coding genes was as follows: ATP8 > ND6 > ND5 > ND3 > ND2 > ND4L > ND4 > COX1 > ND1 > CYTB > APT6 > COX2 > COX3. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among the genera within the Polypedilum generic complex based on 19 mitochondrial genomes (seventeen ingroups and two outgroups), using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods for all databases. Phylogenetic analysis of 19 mitochondrial genomes demonstrated that the Endochironomus + Synendotendipes was sister to Phaenopsectra + Sergentia.
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Jaber, Ali, Sasan Sattarpanah Sattarpanah Karganroudi, Mohammad Saleh Meiabadi, et al. "On Smart Geometric Non-Destructive Evaluation: Inspection Methods, Overview, and Challenges." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207187.

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Inspection methods, also known as non-destructive evaluation (NDE), is a process for inspecting materials, products, and facilities to identify flaws, imperfections, and malfunctions without destruction or changing the integrity of materials, structures, and mechanisms. However, detecting those defects requires test conducting and results inferring, which is highly demanding in terms of analysis, performance, and time. New technologies are therefore needed to increase the efficiency, probability of detection, and interpretability of NDE methods to establish smart inspection. In this context, Artificial intelligence (AI), as a fundamental component of the Industry 4.0, is a well-suited tool to address downsides associated with the current NDE methods for analysis and interpretation of inspection results, where methods integrating AI into their inspection process become automated and are known as smart inspection methods. This article sheds a light on the conventional methods and the smart techniques used in defects detection. Subsequently, a comparison between the two notions is presented. Furthermore, it investigates opportunities for the integration of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods and Industry 4.0 technologies. In addition, the challenges hindering the progress of the domain are mentioned as the potential solutions. To this end, along with Industry 4.0 technologies, a virtual inspection system has been proposed to deploy smart inspection.
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Hesse, Alex A., Rebecca A. Atadero, and Mehmet E. Ozbek. "Using Expert Opinion to Quantify Uncertainty in and Cost of Using Nondestructive Evaluation on Bridges." Advances in Civil Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7925193.

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A previous literature review indicated that there is little published experimental data that can be used to determine quantities such as bias, accuracy, reliability, and cost of common Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) methods as far as their use on bridges is concerned. This study attempts to quantify these parameters for common bridge NDE methods through a four-round Delphi method survey with experts in the NDE bridge field. The survey results indicate that most commonly used bridge NDE methods tend to be underbiased and relatively reliable. Furthermore, the accuracy of commonly used bridge NDE methods tends to be relatively variable with the average test measuring a true response between 80% and 85% of the time. In general, it was shown by the participant responses that the more expensive the method was, the better the bias, accuracy, and reliability the method had, and vice versa. The information presented in this paper can serve as a starting point for characterizing different NDE methods for use in bridge management and inspection planning and identifies the type of information that is still needed. As such, this research has the potential to promote further research on this subject.
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Trivisonno, N. M. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Tires." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 3 (1985): 469–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536077.

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Abstract The application of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to tires is a growing field. Increasingly more stringent demands have been placed on tire performance as vehicles have become more refined, roads have become better, fuel economy has become an important consideration, and the customer has become more critical. In addition, radial tires have become increasingly dominant, and the performance of radial tires is much more sensitive to the placement of components than is true for bias-ply or belted-bias tires. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop several different types of NDE equipment for tires. Quality-control instruments are needed to monitor production to keep tires within specifications. Inspection equipment is needed for retread candidate tires to cull out tires with unacceptable anomalies. Research and development equipment is needed to measure the effects of material, construction, and production variations on tire performance. NDE methods are being used to improve the efficiency of tire testing by separating out tires with pretest anomalies and by monitoring tires during testing. Increasing efforts are being made to use NDE methods to identify anomalies and material and construction factors which can be related to tire durability and other performance factors. At this time, x ray, holography, ultrasonics, and infrared are the most important NDE methods for tires. As NDE technology continues to evolve, more techniques will be developed, instrumentation will become more reliable and more automated, and more knowledge will be developed to relate tire performance to the features which NDE methods can detect.
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Momeni, Hamed, and Arvin Ebrahimkhanlou. "High-dimensional data analytics in structural health monitoring and non-destructive evaluation: a review paper." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 4 (2022): 043001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac50f4.

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Abstract This paper aims to review high-dimensional data analytic (HDDA) methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) applications. High-dimensional data is a type of data in which the number of features for each observation is much larger than the number of all observations. High-dimensional data may violate assumptions of the classic methods for statistical modeling and data analysis. Then, classic statistical modeling will no longer be applicable. HDDA methods were developed to overcome this challenge and analyze these types of data. In the field of SHM/NDE, there are several sources of high-dimensionality. Examples include a large number of data points in continuous waves/signals or high-resolution images/videos. HDDA methods are used as a dimension-reduction tool to preprocess data for further analysis, or they are directly implemented for damage detection and localization. This paper reviews six HDDA methods as well as existing and potential applications in SHM/NDE. Particularly, this paper discusses the vast range of implemented SHM/NDE applications from crack detection to missing data imputation. Furthermore, experimental and simulated datasets have been used to show the application of HDDA methods as hands-on examples. It is shown that the potential of HDDA for SHM/NDE studies is significantly more than the existing studies in the literature, and these methods can be used as a powerful tool that provides vast opportunities in SHM/NDE.
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Aishan, Zhulidezi, Ze-Lu Mu, Zi-Cong Li, Xin-Yu Luo, and Ning Huangfu. "The First Three Mitochondrial Genomes for the Characterization of the Genus Egeirotrioza (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and Phylogenetic Implications." Genes 15, no. 7 (2024): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15070842.

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(1) Background: Mitochondrial genomes are important markers for the study of phylogenetics and systematics. Triozidae includes some primary pests of Populus euphratica. The phylogenetic relationships of this group remain controversial due to the lack of molecular data. (2) Methods: Mitochondria of Egeirotrioza Boselli were sequenced and assembled. We analyzed the sequence length, nucleotide composition, and evolutionary rate of Triozidae, combined with the 13 published mitochondrial genomes. (3) Results: The evolutionary rate of protein-coding genes was as follows: ATP8 > ND6 > ND5 > ND2 > ND4 > ND4L > ND1 > ND3 > APT6 > CYTB > COX3 > COX2 > COX1. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Triozidae based on 16 triozid mitochondrial genomes (thirteen ingroups and three outgroups) using the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) approaches. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16 Triozidae mitochondrial genomes showed that Egeirotrioza was closely related to Leptynoptera. (4) Conclusions: We have identified 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 control region (CR) of all newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes, which were the mitochondrial gene type in animals. The results of this study provide valuable genomic information for the study of psyllid species.
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Kondziella, Daniel, Markus Harboe Olsen, Coline L. Lemale, and Jens P. Dreier. "Migraine aura, a predictor of near-death experiences in a crowdsourced study." PeerJ 7 (December 4, 2019): e8202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8202.

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Background Near-death experiences (NDE) occur with imminent death and in situations of stress and danger but are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that NDE are associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusion, a feature of narcolepsy. Previous studies further found REM abnormalities and an increased frequency of dream-enacting behavior in migraine patients, as well as an association between migraine with aura and narcolepsy. We therefore investigated if NDE are more common in people with migraine aura. Methods We recruited 1,037 laypeople from 35 countries and five continents, without any filters except for English language and age ≥18 years, via a crowdsourcing platform. Reports were validated using the Greyson NDE Scale. Results Eighty-one of 1,037 participants had NDE (7.8%; CI [6.3–9.7%]). There were no significant associations between NDE and age (p > 0.6, t-test independent samples) or gender (p > 0.9, Chi-square test). The only significant association was between NDE and migraine aura: 48 (6.1%) of 783 subjects without migraine aura and 33 (13.0%) of 254 subjects with migraine aura had NDE (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 2.29). In multiple logistic regression analysis, migraine aura remained significant after adjustment for age (p < 0.001, OR = 2.31), gender (p < 0.001, OR = 2.33), or both (p < 0.001, OR = 2.33). Conclusions In our sample, migraine aura was a predictor of NDE. This indirectly supports the association between NDE and REM intrusion and might have implications for the understanding of NDE, because a variant of spreading depolarization (SD), terminal SD, occurs in humans at the end of life, while a short-lasting variant of SD is considered the pathophysiological correlate of migraine aura.
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Hotta, Naoshi, Takahiro Tadokoro, John Henry, et al. "Monitoring of Post-Brain Injuries By Measuring Plasma Levels of Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles." Biomarker Insights 17 (January 2022): 117727192211281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11772719221128145.

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Background: Extracellular vesicles (EV) released from neurons into the blood can reflect the state of nervous tissue. Measurement of neuron derived EV (NDE) may serve as an indicator of brain injury. Methods: A sandwich immunoassay was established to measure plasma NDE using anti-neuron CD171 and anti-EV CD9 ([CD171 + CD9+]). Plasma samples were obtained from commercial sources, cross-country (n = 9), football (n = 22), soccer (n = 19), and rugby (n = 18) athletes over time. Plasma was also collected from patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement (TAR) with selective cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass before and after surgery (n = 36). Results: The specificity, linearity, and reproducibility of NDE assay (measurement of [CD171 + CD9+]) were confirmed. By scanning electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking, spherical vesicles ranging in size from 150 to 300 nm were confirmed. Plasma levels of NDE were widely spread over 2 to 3 logs in different individuals with a significant age-dependent decrease. However, NDE were very stable in each individual within a ± 50% change over time (cross-country, football, soccer), whereas rugby players were more variable over 4 years. In patients undergoing TAR, NDE increased rapidly in days post-surgery and were significantly ( P = .0004) higher in those developing postoperative delirium (POD) (n = 13) than non-delirium patients (n = 23). Conclusions: The blood test to determine plasma levels of NDE was established by a sandwich immunoassay using 2 antibodies against neuron (CD171) and exosomes (CD9). NDE levels varied widely in different individuals and decreased with age, indicating that NDE levels should be considered as a normalizer of NDE biomarker studies. However, NDE levels were stable over time in each individual, and increased rapidly after TAR with greater increases associated with patients developing POD. This assay may serve as a surrogate for evaluating and monitoring brain injuries.
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Abdollahi-Mamoudan, Farima, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, and Xavier P. V. Maldague. "Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation of Hybrid and Advanced Structures: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Applications, and Emerging Trends." Sensors 25, no. 12 (2025): 3635. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123635.

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Non-destructive testing (NDT) and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) are essential tools for ensuring the structural integrity, safety, and reliability of critical systems across the aerospace, civil infrastructure, energy, and advanced manufacturing sectors. As engineered materials evolve into increasingly complex architectures such as fiber-reinforced polymers, fiber–metal laminates, sandwich composites, and functionally graded materials, traditional NDT techniques face growing limitations in sensitivity, adaptability, and diagnostic reliability. This comprehensive review presents a multi-dimensional classification of NDT/NDE methods, structured by physical principles, functional objectives, and application domains. Special attention is given to hybrid and multi-material systems, which exhibit anisotropic behavior, interfacial complexity, and heterogeneous defect mechanisms that challenge conventional inspection. Alongside established techniques like ultrasonic testing, radiography, infrared thermography, and acoustic emission, the review explores emerging modalities such as capacitive sensing, electromechanical impedance, and AI-enhanced platforms that are driving the future of intelligent diagnostics. By synthesizing insights from the recent literature, the paper evaluates comparative performance metrics (e.g., sensitivity, resolution, adaptability); highlights integration strategies for embedded monitoring and multimodal sensing systems; and addresses challenges related to environmental sensitivity, data interpretation, and standardization. The transformative role of NDE 4.0 in enabling automated, real-time, and predictive structural assessment is also discussed. This review serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners developing next-generation NDT/NDE solutions for hybrid and high-performance structures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "NDE methods"

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Poudel, Anish. "BOND STRENGTH EVALUATION IN ADHESIVE JOINTS USING NDE AND DIC METHODS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1010.

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Adhesive bonding of graphite epoxy composite laminates to itself or traditional metal alloys in modern aerospace and aircraft structural applications offers an excellent opportunity to use the most efficient and intelligent combination of materials available thus providing an attractive package for efficient structural designs. However, one of the major issues of adhesive bonding is the occasional formation of interfacial defects such as kissing or weak bonds in the bondline interface. Also, there are shortcomings of existing non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods to non-destructively detect/characterize these interfacial defects and reliably predicting the bond shear strength. As a result, adhesive bonding technology is still not solely implemented in primary structures of an aircraft. Therefore, there is a greater demand for a novel NDE tool that can meet the existing aerospace requirement for adhesive bondline characterization. This research implemented a novel Acoustography ultrasonic imaging and digital image correlation (DIC) technique to detect and characterize interfacial defects in the bondline and determine bond shear strength in adhesively bonded composite-metal joints. Adhesively bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) laminate and 2024-T3 Aluminum single lap shear panels subjected to various implanted kissing/weak bond defects were the primary focus of this study. Kissing/weak bonds were prepared by controlled surface contamination in the composite bonding surface and also by improperly mixing the adhesive constituent. SEM analyses were also conducted to understand the surface morphology of substrates and their interaction with the contaminants. Morphological changes were observed in the microscopic scale and the chemical analysis confirmed the stability of the contaminant at or very close to the interface. In addition, it was also demonstrated that contaminants migrated during the curing of the adhesive from CFRP substrate which caused a decrease of bond shear strength in single lap shear test samples. Through-transmission ultrasonics (TTU) Acoustography at 3.8 MHz showed promising results on the detectability of bondline defects in adhesively bonded CFRP-Al lap shear test samples. A correlation between Acoustography ultrasonic attenuation and average bond shear strength in CFRP-Al lap shear panels demonstrated that differential attenuation increased with the reduction of the bond shear strength. Similarly, optical DIC tests were conducted to identify and quantify kissing bond defects in CFRP-Al single lap shear joints. DIC results demonstrated changes in the normal strain (εyy) contour map of the contaminated specimens at relatively lower load levels (15% ~ 30% of failure loads). Kissing bond regions were characterized by negative strains, and these were attributed to high compressive bending strains and the localized disbonding taking placed at the bondline interface as a result of the load application. It was also observed that contaminated samples suffered from more compressive strains (εyy) compared to the baseline sample along the loading direction and they suffered from less compressive strains (εxx) compared to the baseline sample perpendicular to the loading direction. This demonstrated the adverse effect of the kissing bond on the adhesive joint integrity. This was a very significant finding for the reason that hybrid ultrasonic DIC is being developed as a faster, more efficient, and more reliable NDE technique for determining bond quality and predicting bond shear strength in adhesively bonded structures.
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Luz, Andre Miguel Godinho da. "Predictive modelling and multiscale NDE methods in failure assessment of thermal barrier coatings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9065.

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The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) allows advanced gas turbine engines to operate at a temperature higher than the incipient melt temperature of the superalloy from which the engine components are made, thereby enhancing the performance and efficiency of the engine. However, delamination cracks initiated in these coatings during service limit their applications. This investigation analysed the effects of thermal cycling on the structure, thermo-mechanical properties and lifetime of Ni-based superalloy samples coated with a TBC. The results indicate that the coating system exhibits substantial changes during its life, with the thermo-mechanical properties of the TBC layers being highly sensitive to temperature and cyclic oxidation. The current study also presents a new finite element model that describes the evolution of the stress state within a thermal barrier coating subjected to thermal cycling loading. This computational framework was used to identify the optimal design parameters through a newly proposed sensitivity index, so that TBCs can be engineered with improved lifetime. Photoluminescence piezo-spectroscopy has been used to identify non-destructively the onset of microcracks and monitor their propagation through a proposed local damage factor that combines spectral shape evolution with peak shift. The computational spectral simulation was based on coupling the finite element model for the calculation of stress with an external routine for the prediction of luminescence spectra. A new non-destructive multi-sensor diagnostics procedure based on the combination of imaging- and laser-based techniques was presented. It has been demonstrated that it can accurately determine the remaining life of high-temperature coatings, and therefore it represents an important development direction for improving the reliability of TBCs. It is concluded that the results obtained in this research were quite satisfactory, which suggests that further model development and field testing of the non-destructive methodology are warranted for predictive failure assessment of thermal barrier coating systems. Keywords Thermal barrier coating Material properties Finite element modeling Photoluminescence piezo-spectroscopy Non-destructive evaluation
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Knopp, Jeremy Scott. "Modern Statistical Methods and Uncertainty Quantification for Evaluating Reliability of Nondestructive Evaluation Systems." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1395942220.

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MINDA, ELISE. "SENSITIVITY STUDIES ON NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (NDE) METHODS FOR MONITORING FATIGUE AND THERMAL EMBRITTLEMENT IN AUSTENITIC AND FERRITIC STEEL NUCLEAR REACTOR PLANT (NRP) COMPONENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1195611890.

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Hodé, Romain. "Development of laser ultrasonic methods for the nondestructive evaluation of bonded aeronautical assemblies." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1030.pdf.

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Actuellement, l'allègement des structures aéronautiques est un enjeu industriel majeur afin de réduire la consommation en carburant des moteurs et diminuer les émissions polluantes. L'assemblage par collage répond à ce besoin d'allègement et possède de nombreux avantages comparé aux techniques plus conventionnelles comme le soudage ou le rivetage. En effet, cette méthode ne nécessite pas l'ajout de rivets et permet d’'assembler des matériaux composites ayant un rapport résistance/masse élevé. Néanmoins, aucune méthode d'évaluation non destructive (END) ne permet à ce jour de certifier la tenue mécanique des assemblages collés. Lever ce dernier verrou technologique permettrait un déploiement important du collage dans l'industrie. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des méthodes ultrasons-laser pour l'END des assemblages collés. Cette technique optique pour générer et détecter des ultrasons dans un matériau offre l'avantage d'être totalement sans contact. Un modèle semi-analytique permettant de simuler la propagation d'ondes générées par laser dans un multicouche est tout d'abord présenté. Puis, deux méthodes de contrôle capables de distinguer expérimentalement des collages industriels avec et sans défauts sont introduites. La première porte sur la résolution d'un problème inverse à partir d'ondes planes synthétisées et réfléchies par le collage. La seconde est basée sur l'atténuation de résonances locales des modes de Lamb à vitesse de groupe nulle (ZGV). Ces deux méthodes permettent d'identifier des paramètres quantitatifs pour distinguer des collages structuraux ayant des tenues mécaniques différentes<br>Currently, the weight lightening of aircraft structures is a major industrial issue in order to reduce engine fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Adhesive bonding addresses this need for lighter structures and has many advantages compared to more conventional techniques such as welding or riveting. Indeed, this method does not require the addition of rivets and allows to assemble composite materials with a high strength-to-weight ratio. However, to date there is no nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method to certify the mechanical strength of bonded assemblies. Overcoming this last technological limitation would enable a significant deployment of adhesive bonding in the industry. The objective of this thesis is to develop laser ultrasonic methods for the NDE of bonded assemblies. This optical technique to generate and detect ultrasound in a material has the advantage of being fully contactless. A semi-analytic model to simulate the propagation of laser generated waves in a multilayer structure is first presented. Then, two control methods which can experimentally discriminate between industrial bonds with and without defects are introduced. The first one concerns the resolution of an inverse problem using synthesized plane waves reflected from the bonding. The second one is based on the attenuation of local resonances of zero-group-velocity (ZGV) Lamb modes. These two methods allow the identification of quantitative parameters to distinguish structural bonds of different mechanical strengths
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Hamze, Alaa. "Détection et localisation de changements dans une structure : application numérique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934435.

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La détection d'endommagements et de changements des propriétés élastiques dans des structures, utilisant les variations des paramètres dynamiques, fait l'objet d'une attention particulière depuis plusieurs années dans les domaines du génie mécanique et du génie civil. Le principe général repose sur le fait que la variation des propriétés physiques (e.g. rigidité, masse, module d'Young, conditions aux limites) entraîne une variation des caractéristiques dynamiques de la structure (e.g. fréquences de résonance, amortissements modaux et déformées modales). La présence d'endommagement provoque ainsi une diminution de la rigidité de la structure, c'est-à-dire une augmentation de sa flexibilité et de son amortissement que l'on retrouve dans la forme des modes et les valeurs des fréquences. Utilisant le changement de ces informations entre un état sain et un état endommagé, plusieurs méthodes non-destructives ont été proposées dans la littérature afin d'identifier et de localiser ces endommagements. Ces pratiques et ces activités sont d'une importance considérable puisqu'elles permettent en premier lieu d'anticiper et donc d'éviter des ruptures dans les structures, toujours catastrophiques, et plus généralement de mettre en place des plans de maintenance prédictives, en lien avec le suivi sur le long terme de leur intégrité (Structural Health Monitoring). Ces méthodes de surveillance se popularisent également du fait de la réduction des coûts des instrumentations, liés à l'apparition de nouveaux équipements à bas coût, ayant des performances satisfaisantes. L'objectif de ce travail est de tester les différentes solutions permettant la détection, la localisation et la quantification des changements dans des structures simples. Plusieurs méthodes ont été testées et une approche nouvelle a été proposée basée sur l'utilisation de la méthode des perturbations. Trois approches ont été suivies: une modélisation par éléments finis (analyse modale), une simulation numériques par éléments finis (analyse temporelle) et enfin des analyses expérimentales sur des poutres en Plexiglas au laboratoire, les trois volets de ce travail ayant permis de tester la sensibilité des méthodes non-destructives (NDE) globales et locales pour la détection et la localisation. Les changements ont été associés à une variation locale du module de Young (E), numériquement pour les solutions numériques et par chauffage local sur des sections de la poutre dans le volet expérimental. Dans tous les cas, nous sommes en situations réelles afin de proposer l'identification des caractéristiques modales par des méthodes opérationnelles (Operative Modal Analysis) telles que la méthode du décrément aléatoire et la méthode de décomposition dans le domaine fréquentiel (Frequency Domain Decomposition). Les résultats d'identification ont montré une très bonne corrélation entre les valeurs numériques et les valeurs expérimentales obtenues : fréquences de résonance et déformés modale. Pour identifier l'endommagement, les méthodes de localisation basées sur la courbure des déformées propres, la matrice de flexibilité, la courbure de flexibilité et enfin sur la méthode d'inversion des modes ont été employées. D'après les résultats obtenus, la méthode d'inversion se montre efficace dans le cas de variations modales faibles et transitoires, alors que la méthode de la courbure de flexibilité donne généralement de bons résultats et apparait robuste lorsque les variations sont plus prononcées.
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Kiriakidis, Alejandro C. "Implementation and application of NDE on ceramic candle filters." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2831.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 185 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-176).
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Miller, Richard A. "NDE method for carbon-carbon composite disk brakes using infrared thermography /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1650510601&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ismatullah. "Analysis of space-borne antennas by higher-order method of moments and inverse equivalent current methods." kostenfrei, 2010. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=977261.

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Chitti, Abhishek. "ASSESS MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING COMBINED NDT METHODS." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2490.

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The aim of this research is to assess the material properties of concrete like modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and Poisson’s ratio using various nondestructive Testing (NDT) methods like Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Rebound Hammer (RH). Assessment of material properties of concrete is very important as they are used for structural design process. Various NDT methods are applied to ensure the quality of concrete specimens but they can also be used to find material properties. UPV is a NDT method which is used to test the internal condition of the concrete specimen. RH is a surface hardness testing method and can be used to test the homogeneity of the specimen. For this study, several batches of concrete samples with three different design strengths of 6000 psi, 8000 psi, and 12000 psi were casted. Modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio were calculated from UPV P-wave and S-wave velocities. A Nomogram was developed by combining the longitudinal ultrasonic pulse velocities, rebound numbers, and compressive strengths measured from UPV, RH, and compressive strength tests respectively. This combined NDT correlation curve (Nomogram) can be used to estimate compressive strength of concrete if UPV and rebound values are known. The accuracy of these NDT methods were determined by comparing estimated strength to the actual strength. Furthermore, the effect of moisture content on UPV and rebound values was reviewed and also studied dynamic modulus of elasticity and its relation with static modulus of elasticity of the concrete was investigated for better understanding.
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Books on the topic "NDE methods"

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G, Bøving Knud, and Danske vedligeholdsforening, eds. NDE handbook: Non-destructive examination methods for condition monitoring. Butterworths, 1989.

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Walker, James L. Study methods to standardize thermography NDE: Final report : contract number, NAS8-38609. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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L, Workman Gary, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Study methods to standardize thermography NDE: Final report : contract number, NAS8-38609. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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4

Hurlebaus, Stefan, Mary Beth D. Hueste, Madhu M. Karthik, and Tevfik Terzioglu. Inspection Guidelines for Bridge Post-Tensioning and Stay Cable Systems Using NDE Methods. Transportation Research Board, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/24779.

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W, Yan, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering., and University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Dept. of Nuclear Engineering., eds. Hybrid digital signal processing and neural networks for automated diagnostics using NDE methods. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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W, Yan, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering., and University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Dept. of Nuclear Engineering., eds. Hybrid digital signal processing and neural networks for automated diagnostics using NDE methods. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. STUDY METHODS TO STANDARDIZE THERMOGRAPHY NDE FINAL REPORT... NASA/CR-1999-208189... MAY 27, 1999. s.n., 1999.

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8

N, Pangborn R., Bray Don E, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Pressure Vessels and Piping Division., American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Nondestructive Evaluation Engineering Division., and Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (1991 : San Diego, Calif.), eds. NDE, applications, advanced methods, and codes and standards: Presented at the 1991 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, San Diego, California, June 23-27, 1991. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991.

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Impact of emerging NDE-NDI methods on aircraft design, manufacture and maintenance: papers presented at the 69th Meeting of the Structures and Materials Panel in Brussels, Belgium, 1st-6th October 1989. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research & Development, 1990.

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Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Structures and Materials Panel., ed. Impact of emerging NDE-NDI methods on aircraft design, manufacture and maintenance: Papers presented at the 69th Meeting of the Structures and Materials Panel in Brussels, Belguim, 1st-6th October 1989. Agard, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "NDE methods"

1

Patorski, Krzysztof, and Maciej Trusiak. "Interferometric Methods in NDE." In Handbook of Advanced Non-Destructive Evaluation. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30050-4_58-1.

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Patorski, Krzysztof, and Maciej Trusiak. "Interferometric Methods in NDE." In Handbook of Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26553-7_58.

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Li, Shanglei, Anish Poudel, and Tsuchin Philip Chu. "Super-Resolution in Ultrasonic NDE." In Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, Volume 3. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00768-7_1.

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Wiggenhauser, H. "Automated NDE of Structures with Combined Methods." In Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_107.

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Gostelow, C. R., R. L. Crocker, N. Saffari, and L. J. Bond. "Improved Ultrasonic Methods for GAS Turbine NDE." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7763-8_15.

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Stein, Michael C., and Warren G. Heller. "Fractal Methods for Flaw Detection in NDE Imagery." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0817-1_87.

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Namkung, M., J. P. Fulton, B. Wincheski, and S. Nath. "Issues on Reproducibility/Reliability of Magnetic NDE Methods." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1987-4_309.

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Warner, James E., Patrick E. Leser, and William C. Schneck, III. "Modern Methods in Uncertainty Quantification for NDE 4.0." In Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation 4.0. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48200-8_68-1.

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Warner, James E., Patrick E. Leser, and William C. Schneck, III. "Modern Methods in Uncertainty Quantification for NDE 4.0." In Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation 4.0. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-84477-5_68.

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Giurgiutiu, Victor. "Embedded Ultrasonic NDE with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors." In Advanced Ultrasonic Methods for Material and Structure Inspection. ISTE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470612248.ch7.

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Conference papers on the topic "NDE methods"

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Austin, Russell K. "Nondestructive Inspection of Heat Fusion Joints in Polyethylene Piping." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97371.

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Abstract Polyethylene (PE) piping has found wide use in chemical processing, water transportation, and gas distribution applications because it is lightweight, corrosion resistant, and easy to join in the field. Common joining methods include electrofusion and butt fusion. The mechanical integrity of joints is highly dependent upon the installation parameters; including cleanliness of the pipe face, pipe end alignment, pressure applied during fusion, and temperature of the ends during fusion. Typical installation defects can include foreign debris in the weld, e.g. grass, grease, dirt; weak welds; and debonds. Many times, visual inspection of the weld will not detect these defects, and the cost of repairing a joint after it is placed in service is exorbitant. This has generated interest in developing a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method that can detect defects during installation. This paper reviews several NDE methods that have been applied to inspection of PE butt welds. Specially designed NDE equipment is also discussed. This overview paper addresses NDE techniques for inspection of butt welds in PE piping during installation. Several NDE approaches are evaluated for applicability to this inspection. Factors evaluated include time duration of test and ability to detect various defects.
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Meir, S., S. Liu, B. Mishra, et al. "Nondestructive Evaluation Methods of Microstructure in Power Plant Steel Grades." In AM-EPRI 2010, edited by D. Gandy, J. Shingledecker, and R. Viswanathan. ASM International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2010p0554.

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Abstract Critical sections of steam plants and heat-recovery steam generators require materials with enhanced properties such as 9Cr-1Mo steel. Ensuring compliance with specifications for heat treatment, chemical composition, contamination limits, and joint design is crucial to prevent premature failures. This study describes the development of a user-friendly, multi-property nondestructive sensor arrangement to qualify heat-treated 9Cr-1Mo steel. Experimental results demonstrate that correlations between thermal heat treatment and electronic, magnetic, and elastic measurements can determine if T91 steel achieves the necessary microstructure and properties for service. Additionally, rejected parts can be assessed for microstructural issues causing unacceptable properties. The techniques utilize a common electronic setup with different sensors, requiring calibration for specific NDE systems and sensor setups, high-speed data acquisition, and frequency analysis (FFT). Further development on crept and welded samples is recommended to enhance NDE practices for in-service T91 steel conditions.
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Pechacek, Robert W. "Advanced NDE Methods of Inspecting Insulated Vessels and Piping for ID Corrosion and Corrosion under Insulation (CUI)." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03031.

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Abstract Inspection of insulated vessels and piping has long been a major challenge. Conventional techniques such as profile radiography and ultrasonics are often impractical or cost prohibitive due to limited productivity, insulation removal cost, temperature restraints, etc. This paper will overview two innovative technologies that are designed for on-line corrosion inspection of insulated components- (1) Profiler portable real-time radiography (RTRT) and (2) RTD- INCOTEST pulsed eddy current. The practical applications, typical productivity, strengths and limitations of each technology will also be addressed.
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Bray, Alan V., Holly Stretz, and Stephen C. Buckner. "Coating Effects in Microwave NDE in the Detection of Corrosion for Aircraft Applications." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00268.

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Abstract The ability of a corrosion detection system to sense corrosion in its earliest stages in aircraft applications is an important indicator of NDE system virtue. Microwave NDE is an emerging technology that uses the interaction between incident microwave radiation and the dielectric materials on the surface of the inspected item, including corrosion products, paints, and appliques, to detect the presence of corrosion. To assess the sensitivity of microwave methods to early corrosion product formation a series of aircraft aluminum plates with varying levels of corrosive exposure were fabricated as test specimens. The corroded plates were tested in raw format, either bare metal or with a scratched Allodine anti-corrosion coating, then covered with aircraft paints and appliques, and tested again. The ability of the microwave NDE sensor to detect corrosion was correlated with the exposure time of the specimens. The onset of corrosion detectability was discernible in the data. The influences of paint and applique coatings on detectability onset and the correlation of detection amplitude with corrosive exposure time is reported.
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Nyholt, John J., and Frank Dodd. "Non-Invasive Measurement of Corrosion of Flange Sealing Surfaces." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03430.

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Abstract Piping and pressure vessel nozzle flange leaks contribute to the loss of containment, health, safety, and environmental (HSE) issues in the petrochemical industry. This paper discusses a project to mitigate flange leaks through a non-intrusive nondestructive (NDE) technique by early detection and quantification of flange face corrosion. A case study of two amine units from a US gas plant is presented. Process leaks had occurred on piping and nozzle flanges due to CO2 corrosion and erosion of raised-face sealing surfaces. Several corroded flanges were removed and submitted for a study of advanced NDE detection and sizing techniques capable of in-service inspection prior to a scheduled plant maintenance shutdown. If possible, the NDE techniques were to use standard NDE test equipment and conventionally trained NDE technicians. During phase I of the project, a specialized manual ultrasonic shear wave (UT-SW) procedure was developed and used for the initial on-stream inspection. In phase II, an ultrasonic imaging technique was developed using an automated ultrasonic imaging system (AUT) and a special miniature scanner that rides on the outside diameter of the flange hub. After some successful field trials, both phase I and phase II test methods expanded to other petrochemical applications such as inspection of HF-Alky refinery pipe flanges, H2S, and other services where flange damage may occur. Other flange designs, such as ring type joints (RTJ’s) were also added to the project. After 18 months of use, the UT techniques were released to interested petrochemical companies within the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) industry consortium. The techniques were also given to professional NDE training companies in the US and UK in order to promote its HSE benefits across the industry. As of this writing, 12 inspection companies have trained ultrasonic technicians on the manual technique.
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Biagiotti, Stephen F., Scott Riccardella, David Tomlinson, and Tony Rizk. "Metallurgical Methods Used to Assess the Significance of Pipeline Stress Cracking." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07139.

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Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) continue to be significant challenges to the pipeline industry. The initial challenge is identifying “where” along a pipeline the damage may exist through inline inspection (ILI) or direct assessment (DA) methods. However, additional challenges must be overcome to realistically assess the significance of the damage to safe pipeline operation. These include characterizing the true extent of the SCC or HIC, estimating future crack behavior and predicting failure pressures. This paper presents the methods used to destructively determine the actual crack depths in the PRCI(1) project as well as the statistical comparison of those values to the NDE measurements. We also briefly introduce advanced fracture mechanics analysis techniques that can be used to assess the safety significance of crack-like pipeline anomalies.
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Phares, Brent M., Glenn A. Washer, Mark Moore, and Benjamin A. Graybeal. "Validation of NDE methods." In Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Aging Infrastructures & Manufacturing, edited by Steven B. Chase. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.339916.

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Battle, David J., Robert P. Harrison, and Mark Hedley. "Maximum entropy methods in ultrasonic NDE." In The ninth international symposium on nondestructive characterization of materials. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1302047.

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9

Van Velsor, Jason K., Jeffrey Milligan, Michael Greveling, and Matthew S. Lindsey. "The Utility of Numerical Methods in NDE." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-98087.

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When applied with physically meaningful inputs that have been guided by analytical analysis, numerical modeling is a quick and cost-effective virtual experiment that has the added benefit of being free of experimental error. Furthermore, with the rapidly evolving processing power of modern computers, highly complex structures and physical phenomena can be modeled with relative ease. This paper discusses the application of semi-analytical and fully numerical modeling methods as employed for the study of ultrasonic techniques in complex structures and materials. A brief review of these two numerical modeling approaches is presented followed by several practical examples that highlight the utility of each technique. One example presented includes the simulation of the ultrasonic field created in a dissimilar metal weld by a linear phased array transducer. A second example presented includes the three-dimensional modeling of guided wave propagation through elbow fittings in a pipe. Finally, a metrological process for the translation of real, geometrically complex components into the modeling environment is presented and the modeled response from fatigue cracking in a thick walled carbon steel turbine shell is compared with the actual defect response.
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Popovics, John S., Nils Ryden, Alexander Gibson, et al. "NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN NDE METHODS FOR PAVEMENTS." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2902587.

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Reports on the topic "NDE methods"

1

Rajesh, S. N. Probability of detection models for eddy current NDE methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10125326.

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Dunyak, T., K. Reifsnider, and W. Stinchcomb. An examination of selected NDE methods for ceramic composite tubes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6949842.

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3

Riccardella, Scott, Jason Van Velsor, Aaron Dinovitzer, and Bill Amend. PR-335-173816-R01 Validation of In-Situ Methods for Material Property Determination. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. https://doi.org/10.55274/r0011521.

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For various reasons, many pipeline operators have missing or incomplete records for portions of their transmission pipeline assets. Information that is vital to the safe operation of a pipeline, such as material grade, may be unknown and recently proposed regulation is driving the need to either verify the material properties of these undocumented sections of piping or to replace them entirely with known materials. New technologies have shown promise and promoted the ability to predict strength and toughness values of typical pipeline steels. Commonly employed and non-proprietary tools and methods for data collection were referenced in PRCI project NDE-4C (report PR-214-123743-R01); however, no detailed protocol was identified for employing these tools and the variability between lab and field measured values were not defined. This project developed a field protocol for collecting the data necessary to apply the NDE-4C algorithms and then evaluated this methodology, along with other proprietary "in-the-ditch" NDE methods. This report summarizes the test protocol applied and performance results from the different techniques applied.
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Riccardella, Scott, and Jason Van Velsor. PR-335-173844-R01 NDE Crack Depth Sizing Performance Validation for Multiple UT Techniques. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011676.

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PRCI commissioned this project (NDE-4-6) to further evaluate and accurately assess the current state (as of 2019) of NDE methodologies for characterizing Stress Corrosion Cracking. The NDE-4-6 project also conducted advanced Finite Element Modeling and flaw fabrication to help gain further insight on NDE performance and improve efficiency of conducting round robin evaluations. The project consisted of a round-robin type study, in which service and technology providers were asked to conduct NDE on several blind samples including actual SCC and fabricated flaw samples. Following completion of the NDE, select samples were destructively tested and characterized in a laboratory using metallurgical microscopy and X-ray computed tomography (XRCT). The results of the destructive testing were then used to characterize the performance of the NDE methods and technologies applied.
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5

Upadhyaya, B. R., and W. Yan. Hybrid digital signal processing and neural networks for automated diagnostics using NDE methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10108326.

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Riccardella, Scott, and Jason Van Velsor. PR-335-15370-R01 Evaluation of NDE Methodologies for In-Ditch Characterization of ERW Seam Anomalies. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011596.

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This work further evaluate and accurately assess the current state (as of 2016) of NDE methodologies for characterizing ERW seam defects. The IM-3C project was conducted as part of a larger program that also incorporated an evaluation of in-line inspection (ILI) technology performance (IM-3-1). The work primarily consisted of a round-robin type study, where service and technology providers were asked to conduct NDE on several blind samples that were known to have ERW seam defects. Following completion of the NDE, the blind samples were destructively tested and the ERW seam defects were characterized in a laboratory using metallurgical microscopy and, in some cases, X-ray computed tomography (XRCT). The results of the destructive were then used to characterize the performance of the NDE methods and technologies applied.
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Wall, Martin, Richard Lee, and John O'Brien. PR-398-133725-R02 Evaluation of Large Standoff Magnetometry Techniques. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011498.

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The final version, presented by the NDE-3-1 project team as a group review and commentary on the blind trial reports from Transkor and Speir Hunter. this describes the development program on Large Standoff Magnetometry (LSM) techniques claimed to provide integrity assessments on buried pipelines. The projectis a continuation of the PRCI research program on above the pipe NDE methods and is designated as Project NDE 3-1. The scope was as follows: Project kick-off and initial data review, noting any gaps in data. Performing the initial reliability analysis of the Transkor MTM and Speir Hunter SCZ data from PRCI; provision of draft final report to PRCI on the analysis of trial data. If necessary, establish contact with technology suppliers,more...
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Crawford, Susan L., Stephen E. Cumblidge, Steven R. Doctor, Thomas E. Hall, and Michael T. Anderson. Technical Letter Report - Preliminary Assessment of NDE Methods on Inspection of HDPE Butt Fusion Piping Joints for Lack of Fusion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/934406.

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Lee, Wall, and Burch. L52333 NDE and Inspection Techniques Applied to Composite Wrap Repairs. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010468.

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The objective includes: Assess commercially available inspection methods to validate integrity of composite repair systems. Identify applicability to inspect composite overwrap and parent metal for both onshore and sub-sea pipelines (where information is available). Identify sources of data to include other users of composite materials(aerospace/aircraft, naval/ship repairs). Identify procedures and technologies to assess inspection effectiveness and provide a gap analysis. Interface with other PRCI projects on long-term testing of composite repairs and other joint industry projects on composite repairs to improve our understanding of long term durability of repairs. Identify global experience with composite repairs; not just North America. For general wall loss, radiography or electromagnetic techniques appear to be the best candidates. Standard radiography techniques can detect changes in wall thickness over a large area. Saturated low frequency systems, e.g. SLOFEC are good for a quick rapid scan of the area of interest. Pulsed eddy current, e.g. PEC, is also available for a general survey of the underlying substrate. For pinhole leaks, the electromagnetic techniques do not have sufficient resolution to detect defects of order 20 mm (0.8 in.) diameter and less. Standard radiography techniques can detect pinhole leaks down to diameters of 3 mm (0.12 in.) or less. Tangential radiography techniques are generally good for defect sizing but there are practical limitations with chord length (i.e. beam path through the pipe wall). Ultrasonic techniques could offer a potential solution but is currently limited due to the high attenuation of the composite repair material where through the repair inspection could only detect large diameter defects greater than 25 mm (1 in.) diameter on thin repairs less than 5 mm (0.2 in.). Detecting pin hole defects by applying the ultrasound along the axial direction of the substrate, effectively skipping the ultrasound under the repair, showed more promise. For delamination or debonding of the interface between the composite laminate and the steel substrate, laser shearography and microwave inspection appear to offer the best solution. Currently there is no single inspection technique that can be applied with confidence to the inspection of interfacial delaminations. Further developments are on-going to provide a solution to this challenging inspection problem. Acoustic emission is able to give an overall picture of the damage within the composite under live loads. It can be used as a QA tool to test the integrity of the repair. However, it is difficult to interpret the signals to gain any quantitative information about a particular defect.
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Kolovich, Rosenfeld, and Richie. PR-218-104507-R01 Improved Methods for Estimating Remaining Fatigue Life of ERW Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010759.

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This report describes in full detail the calculations used by KAI in its software product PIPELIFE which is used to calculate fatigue crack-growth life. The results of analyses performed for standard benchmark cases supplied by PRCI were reported for comparison with the results obtained by other practitioners participating in the exercise. Preliminary comparisons of those results indicated that KAI�s results were in good agreement with those obtained by other participants. A more-thorough comparison of the results presented herein identified the apparent differences in the calculations. Several potential factors that could be further investigated for refining the calculations were considered. It is likely that some of them could have important influences, if the effects could be accounted for correctly. However, of those that may be significant, insufficient data exists to enable a user to accurately and reliably implement them. Performing an analysis predicated on an assumption that certain effects, such as retardation or thresholds, are operative when in fact they are not to the extent assumed could lead to results that are nonconservative, and subsequently to poor integrity management choices. Thus KAI recommends that either (a) further, and probably costly, research be conducted to better define under what circumstances such refinements are or are not appropriate, or (b) the present conservative approach continue to be followed for the time being. This project also investigated whether it is feasible to rely on pipe mill nondestructive examination to define pipe initial quality for purposes of establishing initial flaw size to calculate fatigue life. This could provide significantly longer predicted times to failure than those obtained where the commissioning hydrostatic test is the measure of pipe initial quality. It was determined that this could be reasonable for pipe manufactured after 1968 when API 5L imposed both length and depth limits on NDE reference standards. Prior to that time such a strategy would not be conservative. Between 1963 and 1968, such a strategy could be acceptable with knowledge that no hydrostatic test failure occurred. The non-occurrence of test failures suggests that pipe manufacturers were imposing NDE standards.
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