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Shim, Hyung-Seop. "Performance evaluation of NDE methods." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 7, no. 2 (2003): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02841974.
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Zhang, Dan, Fei-Xiang He, Xue-Bo Li, Zhulidezi Aishan, and Xiao-Long Lin. "New Mitogenomes of the Polypedilum Generic Complex (Diptera: Chironomidae): Characterization and Phylogenetic Implications." Insects 14, no. 3 (2023): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14030238.
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Mitochondrial genomics, as a useful marker for phylogenetics and systematics of organisms, are important for molecular biology studies. The phylogenetic relationships of the Polypedilum generic complex remains controversial, due to lack taxonomy and molecular information. In this study, we newly sequenced mitogenomes of 14 species of the Polypedilum generic complex. Coupled with three recently published sequences, we analyzed the nucleotide composition, sequence length, and evolutionary rate of this generic complex. The control region showed the highest AT content. The evolution rate of protein coding genes was as follows: ATP8 > ND6 > ND5 > ND3 > ND2 > ND4L > ND4 > COX1 > ND1 > CYTB > APT6 > COX2 > COX3. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among the genera within the Polypedilum generic complex based on 19 mitochondrial genomes (seventeen ingroups and two outgroups), using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods for all databases. Phylogenetic analysis of 19 mitochondrial genomes demonstrated that the Endochironomus + Synendotendipes was sister to Phaenopsectra + Sergentia.
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Jaber, Ali, Sasan Sattarpanah Sattarpanah Karganroudi, Mohammad Saleh Meiabadi, et al. "On Smart Geometric Non-Destructive Evaluation: Inspection Methods, Overview, and Challenges." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207187.
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Inspection methods, also known as non-destructive evaluation (NDE), is a process for inspecting materials, products, and facilities to identify flaws, imperfections, and malfunctions without destruction or changing the integrity of materials, structures, and mechanisms. However, detecting those defects requires test conducting and results inferring, which is highly demanding in terms of analysis, performance, and time. New technologies are therefore needed to increase the efficiency, probability of detection, and interpretability of NDE methods to establish smart inspection. In this context, Artificial intelligence (AI), as a fundamental component of the Industry 4.0, is a well-suited tool to address downsides associated with the current NDE methods for analysis and interpretation of inspection results, where methods integrating AI into their inspection process become automated and are known as smart inspection methods. This article sheds a light on the conventional methods and the smart techniques used in defects detection. Subsequently, a comparison between the two notions is presented. Furthermore, it investigates opportunities for the integration of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods and Industry 4.0 technologies. In addition, the challenges hindering the progress of the domain are mentioned as the potential solutions. To this end, along with Industry 4.0 technologies, a virtual inspection system has been proposed to deploy smart inspection.
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Hesse, Alex A., Rebecca A. Atadero, and Mehmet E. Ozbek. "Using Expert Opinion to Quantify Uncertainty in and Cost of Using Nondestructive Evaluation on Bridges." Advances in Civil Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7925193.
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A previous literature review indicated that there is little published experimental data that can be used to determine quantities such as bias, accuracy, reliability, and cost of common Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) methods as far as their use on bridges is concerned. This study attempts to quantify these parameters for common bridge NDE methods through a four-round Delphi method survey with experts in the NDE bridge field. The survey results indicate that most commonly used bridge NDE methods tend to be underbiased and relatively reliable. Furthermore, the accuracy of commonly used bridge NDE methods tends to be relatively variable with the average test measuring a true response between 80% and 85% of the time. In general, it was shown by the participant responses that the more expensive the method was, the better the bias, accuracy, and reliability the method had, and vice versa. The information presented in this paper can serve as a starting point for characterizing different NDE methods for use in bridge management and inspection planning and identifies the type of information that is still needed. As such, this research has the potential to promote further research on this subject.
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Trivisonno, N. M. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Tires." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 3 (1985): 469–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536077.
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Abstract The application of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to tires is a growing field. Increasingly more stringent demands have been placed on tire performance as vehicles have become more refined, roads have become better, fuel economy has become an important consideration, and the customer has become more critical. In addition, radial tires have become increasingly dominant, and the performance of radial tires is much more sensitive to the placement of components than is true for bias-ply or belted-bias tires. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop several different types of NDE equipment for tires. Quality-control instruments are needed to monitor production to keep tires within specifications. Inspection equipment is needed for retread candidate tires to cull out tires with unacceptable anomalies. Research and development equipment is needed to measure the effects of material, construction, and production variations on tire performance. NDE methods are being used to improve the efficiency of tire testing by separating out tires with pretest anomalies and by monitoring tires during testing. Increasing efforts are being made to use NDE methods to identify anomalies and material and construction factors which can be related to tire durability and other performance factors. At this time, x ray, holography, ultrasonics, and infrared are the most important NDE methods for tires. As NDE technology continues to evolve, more techniques will be developed, instrumentation will become more reliable and more automated, and more knowledge will be developed to relate tire performance to the features which NDE methods can detect.
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Momeni, Hamed, and Arvin Ebrahimkhanlou. "High-dimensional data analytics in structural health monitoring and non-destructive evaluation: a review paper." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 4 (2022): 043001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac50f4.
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Abstract This paper aims to review high-dimensional data analytic (HDDA) methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) applications. High-dimensional data is a type of data in which the number of features for each observation is much larger than the number of all observations. High-dimensional data may violate assumptions of the classic methods for statistical modeling and data analysis. Then, classic statistical modeling will no longer be applicable. HDDA methods were developed to overcome this challenge and analyze these types of data. In the field of SHM/NDE, there are several sources of high-dimensionality. Examples include a large number of data points in continuous waves/signals or high-resolution images/videos. HDDA methods are used as a dimension-reduction tool to preprocess data for further analysis, or they are directly implemented for damage detection and localization. This paper reviews six HDDA methods as well as existing and potential applications in SHM/NDE. Particularly, this paper discusses the vast range of implemented SHM/NDE applications from crack detection to missing data imputation. Furthermore, experimental and simulated datasets have been used to show the application of HDDA methods as hands-on examples. It is shown that the potential of HDDA for SHM/NDE studies is significantly more than the existing studies in the literature, and these methods can be used as a powerful tool that provides vast opportunities in SHM/NDE.
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Aishan, Zhulidezi, Ze-Lu Mu, Zi-Cong Li, Xin-Yu Luo, and Ning Huangfu. "The First Three Mitochondrial Genomes for the Characterization of the Genus Egeirotrioza (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and Phylogenetic Implications." Genes 15, no. 7 (2024): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15070842.
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(1) Background: Mitochondrial genomes are important markers for the study of phylogenetics and systematics. Triozidae includes some primary pests of Populus euphratica. The phylogenetic relationships of this group remain controversial due to the lack of molecular data. (2) Methods: Mitochondria of Egeirotrioza Boselli were sequenced and assembled. We analyzed the sequence length, nucleotide composition, and evolutionary rate of Triozidae, combined with the 13 published mitochondrial genomes. (3) Results: The evolutionary rate of protein-coding genes was as follows: ATP8 > ND6 > ND5 > ND2 > ND4 > ND4L > ND1 > ND3 > APT6 > CYTB > COX3 > COX2 > COX1. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Triozidae based on 16 triozid mitochondrial genomes (thirteen ingroups and three outgroups) using the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) approaches. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16 Triozidae mitochondrial genomes showed that Egeirotrioza was closely related to Leptynoptera. (4) Conclusions: We have identified 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 control region (CR) of all newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes, which were the mitochondrial gene type in animals. The results of this study provide valuable genomic information for the study of psyllid species.
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Kondziella, Daniel, Markus Harboe Olsen, Coline L. Lemale, and Jens P. Dreier. "Migraine aura, a predictor of near-death experiences in a crowdsourced study." PeerJ 7 (December 4, 2019): e8202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8202.
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Background Near-death experiences (NDE) occur with imminent death and in situations of stress and danger but are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that NDE are associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusion, a feature of narcolepsy. Previous studies further found REM abnormalities and an increased frequency of dream-enacting behavior in migraine patients, as well as an association between migraine with aura and narcolepsy. We therefore investigated if NDE are more common in people with migraine aura. Methods We recruited 1,037 laypeople from 35 countries and five continents, without any filters except for English language and age ≥18 years, via a crowdsourcing platform. Reports were validated using the Greyson NDE Scale. Results Eighty-one of 1,037 participants had NDE (7.8%; CI [6.3–9.7%]). There were no significant associations between NDE and age (p > 0.6, t-test independent samples) or gender (p > 0.9, Chi-square test). The only significant association was between NDE and migraine aura: 48 (6.1%) of 783 subjects without migraine aura and 33 (13.0%) of 254 subjects with migraine aura had NDE (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 2.29). In multiple logistic regression analysis, migraine aura remained significant after adjustment for age (p < 0.001, OR = 2.31), gender (p < 0.001, OR = 2.33), or both (p < 0.001, OR = 2.33). Conclusions In our sample, migraine aura was a predictor of NDE. This indirectly supports the association between NDE and REM intrusion and might have implications for the understanding of NDE, because a variant of spreading depolarization (SD), terminal SD, occurs in humans at the end of life, while a short-lasting variant of SD is considered the pathophysiological correlate of migraine aura.
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Hotta, Naoshi, Takahiro Tadokoro, John Henry, et al. "Monitoring of Post-Brain Injuries By Measuring Plasma Levels of Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles." Biomarker Insights 17 (January 2022): 117727192211281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11772719221128145.
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Background: Extracellular vesicles (EV) released from neurons into the blood can reflect the state of nervous tissue. Measurement of neuron derived EV (NDE) may serve as an indicator of brain injury. Methods: A sandwich immunoassay was established to measure plasma NDE using anti-neuron CD171 and anti-EV CD9 ([CD171 + CD9+]). Plasma samples were obtained from commercial sources, cross-country (n = 9), football (n = 22), soccer (n = 19), and rugby (n = 18) athletes over time. Plasma was also collected from patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement (TAR) with selective cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass before and after surgery (n = 36). Results: The specificity, linearity, and reproducibility of NDE assay (measurement of [CD171 + CD9+]) were confirmed. By scanning electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking, spherical vesicles ranging in size from 150 to 300 nm were confirmed. Plasma levels of NDE were widely spread over 2 to 3 logs in different individuals with a significant age-dependent decrease. However, NDE were very stable in each individual within a ± 50% change over time (cross-country, football, soccer), whereas rugby players were more variable over 4 years. In patients undergoing TAR, NDE increased rapidly in days post-surgery and were significantly ( P = .0004) higher in those developing postoperative delirium (POD) (n = 13) than non-delirium patients (n = 23). Conclusions: The blood test to determine plasma levels of NDE was established by a sandwich immunoassay using 2 antibodies against neuron (CD171) and exosomes (CD9). NDE levels varied widely in different individuals and decreased with age, indicating that NDE levels should be considered as a normalizer of NDE biomarker studies. However, NDE levels were stable over time in each individual, and increased rapidly after TAR with greater increases associated with patients developing POD. This assay may serve as a surrogate for evaluating and monitoring brain injuries.
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Abdollahi-Mamoudan, Farima, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, and Xavier P. V. Maldague. "Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation of Hybrid and Advanced Structures: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Applications, and Emerging Trends." Sensors 25, no. 12 (2025): 3635. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123635.
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Non-destructive testing (NDT) and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) are essential tools for ensuring the structural integrity, safety, and reliability of critical systems across the aerospace, civil infrastructure, energy, and advanced manufacturing sectors. As engineered materials evolve into increasingly complex architectures such as fiber-reinforced polymers, fiber–metal laminates, sandwich composites, and functionally graded materials, traditional NDT techniques face growing limitations in sensitivity, adaptability, and diagnostic reliability. This comprehensive review presents a multi-dimensional classification of NDT/NDE methods, structured by physical principles, functional objectives, and application domains. Special attention is given to hybrid and multi-material systems, which exhibit anisotropic behavior, interfacial complexity, and heterogeneous defect mechanisms that challenge conventional inspection. Alongside established techniques like ultrasonic testing, radiography, infrared thermography, and acoustic emission, the review explores emerging modalities such as capacitive sensing, electromechanical impedance, and AI-enhanced platforms that are driving the future of intelligent diagnostics. By synthesizing insights from the recent literature, the paper evaluates comparative performance metrics (e.g., sensitivity, resolution, adaptability); highlights integration strategies for embedded monitoring and multimodal sensing systems; and addresses challenges related to environmental sensitivity, data interpretation, and standardization. The transformative role of NDE 4.0 in enabling automated, real-time, and predictive structural assessment is also discussed. This review serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners developing next-generation NDT/NDE solutions for hybrid and high-performance structures.
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Hechmer, J. L., and E. J. Kuhn. "Fatigue Strength Reduction Factors for Welds Based on Nondestructive Examination." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 1 (1999): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883669.
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Based on the author’s hypothesis that nondestructive examination (NDE) has a major role in predicting the fatigue life of pressure vessels, a project was initiated to develop a defined relationship between NDE and fatigue strength reduction factors (FSRF). Even though a relationship should apply to both base metal and weld metal, the project was limited to weld metal because NDE for base metal is reasonably well established, whereas NDE for weld metal is more variable, depending on application. A matrix of FSRF was developed based on weld type (full penetration, partial penetration, and fillet weld) versus the NDE that is applied. The NDE methods that are included are radiographic testing (RT), ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), dye penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT). The first two methods (RT and UT) are volumetric examinations, and the remaining three are surface examinations. Seven combinations of volumetric and surface examinations were defined; thus, seven levels of FSRF are defined. Following the initial development of the project, a PVRC (Pressure Vessel Research Council) grant was obtained for the purpose of having a broad review. The report (Hechmer, 1998) has been accepted by PVRC. This paper presents the final matrix, the basis for the FSRF, and key definitions for accurate application of the FSRF matrix. A substantial amount of additional information is presented in the PVRC report (Hechmer, 1998).
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Sotelo, Luz D., Cody Pratt, Rakeshkumar Karunakaran, Michael P. Sealy, and Joseph A. Turner. "Microstructure quality assessment for hybrid additive manufactured Ti6Al4V components via ultrasonics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023573.
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Metal components with functionally organized microstructures for specific applications are emerging thanks to hybrid additive manufacturing (AM). The customization of these high value components accentuates the need for nondestructive methods to characterize their microstructural functional patterns. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods that are economical, fast, energy efficient, and easy to integrate into routine component inspections are preferred. Most importantly, NDE methods must be sensitive to changes in the microstructure such that regions that do not satisfy the design requirements (i.e. out-of-spec regions) can be detected. In this work, ultrasonic NDE methods grounded in diffuse backscatter modeling were used to detect and quantify spatial property variations resulting from a hybrid AM process. The manufacturing process coupled directed energy deposition (DED) with milling in a cyclical manner. These methods were successfully implemented to evaluate the microstructural uniformity of Ti6Al4V samples as well as to make comparisons across an ensemble of samples manufactured with identical parameters. Out-of-spec regions were mapped with respect to the sample geometry on a layer-by-layer basis. The results of this work are expected to inform future NDE strategies for both research and practitioner contexts, and limitations are discussed.
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Oh, YongKyung, Dong-Young Lim, and Sungil Kim. "DualDynamics: Synergizing Implicit and Explicit Methods for Robust Irregular Time Series Analysis." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 18 (2025): 19730–39. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i18.34173.
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Real-world time series analysis faces significant challenges when dealing with irregular and incomplete data. While Neural Differential Equation (NDE) based methods have shown promise, they struggle with limited expressiveness, scalability issues, and stability concerns. Conversely, Neural Flows offer stability but falter with irregular data. We introduce 'DualDynamics', a novel framework that synergistically combines NDE-based method and Neural Flow-based method. This approach enhances expressive power while balancing computational demands, addressing critical limitations of existing techniques. We demonstrate DualDynamics' effectiveness across diverse tasks: classification of robustness to dataset shift, irregularly-sampled series analysis, interpolation of missing data, and forecasting with partial observations. Our results show consistent outperformance over state-of-the-art methods, indicating DualDynamics' potential to advance irregular time series analysis significantly.
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Gordeeva, Olga V. "Comparison of free description and semi-structured interview as methods of studying near-death experience." National Psychological Journal 42, no. 2 (2021): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/npj.2021.0204.
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Relevance of the article. Without the use of the self-report method, it is impossible to study a number of psychological phenomena (for example, hallucinosis, the study of which allows us to understand the mechanisms of formation of perceptual, dream, mnestic, imaginative images). At the same time, the possibilities and limitations of two variants of the self-report method — an interview about the experience and its free description — are not sufficiently studied in psychology. Our work is devoted to the study of this issue by comparing the results obtained using both variants of the method of retrospective self-report. The material of this study was the near-death experience (NDE) — an altered state of consciousness experienced during a brush with death, including a specific pattern of psychological phenomena — elements of NDE or their components (including, in particular, hallucinosis), joined by the script of “journey to other world”. The aim of our work was to study the differences in the frequency of mentioning certain NDE phenomena in the free description of this experience and when answering questions about these phenomena during interviews. Description of the study. During the personal meeting, the Respondent first told about their NDE in a free form, then researcher asked him about the presence of a certain phenomenon in his NDE, based on a list of NDE elements/ components (37 questions). This elements/components were both interview items and independent parameters for subsequent analysis of the received protocols (45 protocols). For each phenomenon, a four-cell table was formed, which separately counted: 1) the number of cases of the phenomenon both in the free description and in the responses to interview questions; 2) the number of cases when the phenomenon was not spontaneously mentioned, but was detected during the interview, 3) the number of cases when the phenomenon was present in the free description, but the Respondent denied its presence in the interview, 4) the number of cases when the phenomenon was not spontaneously mentioned, and its presence was denied in the interview). To assess the significance of the differences between the data obtained in the free description and in the interview, we used the Gilford φ-coefficient of correlation, calculating for each phenomenon the critical (for p < 0.01 and for p < 0.05) and empirical values of the φ-coefficient. Research results. First, a number of phenomena have been found that do not show significant differences (for p < 0.01) between the methods of free description and semi-structured interview: a sense of peace and calm; the appearance of unusual auditory sensations, a person’s understanding that he has died, an out-of-body experience (OBE), a dark tunnel, perception of the surrounding reality during OBE, seeing a bright light, meeting with it, meeting with others, visions of a different reality, a luminous being, a sense of unity, a review of life, a border or limit, a decision to return, a return. Second, the identified phenomena for which there are significant (p < 0.01) differences between the methods of free descriptions and semi-structured interview is — ineffability of NDE, its realness, its memorability, unwillingness to tell others about this experience, its transformative effects, the emergence of a new attitude to death and life after this experience, the disappearance of auditory sensations, transcendence, changes in experiences of time. Summary. Thus, the limitations of the free description method depend on the specific material for which the method is used. When studying the frequency of occurrence of NDE phenomena, it is necessary to combine the method of free description with the interview method, which helps not only to detect the presence of the phenomenon itself, but also to clarify its content and to avoid cases of misinterpretation of what the researcher heard.
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Mauduit, Marion, Amedeo Anselmi, Jacques Tomasi, et al. "Does Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest for Aortic Surgery Trigger Near-Death Experience? Incidence of Near-Death Experiences after Aortic Surgeries Performed under Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest." AORTA 09, no. 02 (2021): 076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725091.
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Abstract Background Understanding near-death experiences (NDE) could provide a new insight into the analysis of human consciousness and the neurocognitive processes happening upon the approach of death. With a temporary interruption of systemic perfusion, aortic surgery under hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) may be the only available model of reversible clinical death. We present, herein, the results of an observational study designed to assess the incidence of NDE after aortic surgery. Methods We performed a prospective study including consecutive patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery between July 2018 and September 2019 at our institution. Procedures without HCA were included to constitute a control group. The primary outcome was the incidence of NDE assessed with the Greyson NDE scale during the immediate postoperative course, via a standardized interview of the patients in the surgical ward. Results One hundred and one patients were included. Twenty-one patients (20.8%) underwent nonelective interventions for aortic dissection. Ninety-one patients had hemiarch replacement (90.1%). Sixty-seven (66.3%) interventions were performed with HCA, with an average circulatory arrest duration of 26.9 ± 25.5 minutes, and a mean body temperature of 23.7 ± 3.8°C. None of the patients reported any recollection from their period of unconsciousness. There was no NDE experiencer in the study cohort. Conclusion Several confounding factors regarding anesthesia, or NDE evaluation, might have impaired the chance of NDE recollections, and might have contributed to this negative result. Whether HCA may trigger NDE remains unknown.
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Ramos, J. I. "NDE handbook: non-destructive examination methods for condition monitoring." Applied Mathematical Modelling 14, no. 11 (1990): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-904x(90)90113-j.
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Vergara, L., R. Miralles, J. Gosálbez, et al. "NDE ultrasonic methods to characterise the porosity of mortar." NDT & E International 34, no. 8 (2001): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-8695(01)00020-2.
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Bovin, K. G. "NDE Handbook, Non-destructive examination methods for condition monitoring." NDT & E International 27, no. 4 (1994): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(94)90539-8.
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Boving, K. G. "NDE Handbook, Non-destructive examination methods for condition monitoring." NDT & E International 27, no. 4 (1994): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(94)90554-1.
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Maser, K. R., T. J. Holland, R. Roberts, and J. Popovics. "NDE methods for quality assurance of new pavement thickness." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 7, no. 1 (2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298430500501985.
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Gupta, Ranjeetkumar, Daniel Mitchell, Jamie Blanche, et al. "A Review of Sensing Technologies for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Structural Composite Materials." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 12 (2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5120319.
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The growing demand and diversity in the application of industrial composites and the current inability of present non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods to perform detailed inspection of these composites has motivated this comprehensive review of sensing technologies. NDE has the potential to be a versatile tool for maintaining composite structures deployed in hazardous and inaccessible areas, such as offshore wind farms and nuclear power plants. Therefore, the future composite solutions need to take into consideration the niche requirements of these high-value/critical applications. Composite materials are intrinsically complex due to their anisotropic and non-homogeneous characteristics. This presents a significant challenge for evaluation and the associated data analysis for NDEs. For example, the quality assurance, certification of composite structures, and early detection of the failure is complex due to the variability and tolerances involved in the composite manufacturing. Adapting existing NDE methods to detect and locate the defects at multiple length scales in the complex materials represents a significant challenge, resulting in a delayed and incorrect diagnosis of the structural health. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the NDE techniques, that includes a detailed discussion of their working principles, setup, advantages, limitations, and usage level for the structural composites. A comparison between these techniques is also presented, providing an insight into the future trends for composites’ prognostic and health management (PHM). Current research trends show the emergence of the non-contact-type NDE (including digital image correlation, infrared tomography, as well as disruptive frequency-modulated continuous wave techniques) for structural composites, and the reasons for their choice over the most popular contact-type (ultrasonic, acoustic, and piezoelectric testing) NDE methods is also discussed. The analysis of this new sensing modality for composites’ is presented within the context of the state-of-the-art and projected future requirements.
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Michael, Pascal, David Luke, and Oliver Robinson. "Smokable "Vine of the Dead": Two Case Studies of Experiencers of Both Changa and Near-Death Experiences." International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 43, no. 1-2 (2024): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2024.43.1-2.1.
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Introduction: Virtually no studies have looked at psychopharmacological combinations as models of the near-death experience (NDE), which is inadequate given the evidently complex neurochemistry occurring near- or at death. An example of such a combination is "changa," a smoked mixture of the psychedelic N,N-DMT and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)-containing plants, and as such has been referred to as "smokable ayahuasca" (vine of the dead). Only very few studies, yet not systematically, have included experiencers of both NDEs and psychoactive substances. Methods: Two case studies are presented of individuals who have experienced both a near-death experience and a changa experience, making them invaluable in this comparative project. Interviews were conducted encompassing the content of both experience types, as well as the participants’ reflections on, including quantification of, perceived comparability. A detailed content analysis was performed and the presence or absence of each feature between the two experiences is tabulated. The near-death experience scale was also applied for both states as a quantitative measure. Results: Case SR (NDE from misaligned vertebra) reported high, while case DA (NDE, initially, from allergic reaction) reported medium perceived similarity between their NDE and changa experience, supported also by their NDE scale scoring. SR’s changa experience, however, shared only 36% of features with his NDE. Despite this, there were only a few notable differences in features with neardeath experiences at large (exhibiting 83% similarity with NDEs at large)—and the presence, and ordering, of other features is strikingly NDE-resembling. Although, the content by which these appeared was idiosyncratic of DMT. DA’s changa experience shared a comparably low-moderate 42% of features with his NDE, and did appear to entail more discrepancies with NDEs in general, which were classically DMT-like (but also exhibiting 83% similarity with NDEs generally). Despite this, several other features, though again DMT-like in content, appeared particularly NDE-resembling. Discussion: These similarities, to greater and lesser degrees, in both features and content, qualitatively and quantitatively, between the NDE and the DMT-MAOI admixture across the case studies are discussed in light of semantic analyses and physiological studies suggesting monoaminergic activity near-death, motivations for drug-induced re-experiencing of the NDE, and implications of state-dependent memory mechanisms.
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Pang, Maoyin, Michael Bartel, Donnesha Clayton, Bhaumik Brahmbhatt, and Timothy Woodward. "Selective application of fully covered biliary stents and narrow-diameter esophageal stents for proximal esophageal indications." Endoscopy 51, no. 02 (2018): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0650-4588.
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Abstract Background Proximal esophageal stents are poorly tolerated and have a high risk of complications. We report our experience using fully covered, biliary, self-expandable metal stents (B-SEMS) and narrow-diameter, esophageal, self-expandable metal stents (NDE-SEMS) for this group of patients. Methods 24 patients underwent placement of B-SEMS or NDE-SEMS for proximal esophageal lesions between 1 January 2011 and 31 July 2016. The outcomes included improvement of dysphagia, healing of fistulas, and adverse events. Results 10 patients received B-SEMS and 14 had NDE-SEMS. Median follow-up time was 11.5 months (range 0.5 – 62 months). In both cohorts, stents were left in place for a mean of 6 weeks. The dysphagia score decreased in 7 (70 %) and 10 (71.4 %) patients, and fistulas resolved in 3/5 (60.0 %) and 5/8 (62.5 %) patients with B-SEMS and NDE-SEMS, respectively. Stent migration occurred in three patients (30.0 %) with B-SEMS and five patients (35.7 %) with NDE-SEMS. Conclusions Both stents were well tolerated and resulted in overall improvement of dysphagia in 70.8 % of patients. B-SEMS appeared to be more favorable for cervical esophageal lesions with narrower diameters, while NDE-SEMS may be better for more distal lesions.
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Davis, Allen, Mirmilad Mirsayar, and Darren Hartl. "Structural Health Monitoring by Magnetic Sensing in Concrete Structures via Embedded Shape Memory Alloy Components." MATEC Web of Conferences 271 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927101003.
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In the field of structural health monitoring (SHM), innovative methods of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) are currently being investigated with the purpose of providing prognostic information toward safer, longer lasting structures. Therefore, it is desirable to integrate NDE techniques with existing structural reinforcement techniques for in situ measurement capability, increasing service life. Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) offer the potential for NDE via magnetic sensing, while further offering the multi-functionality of crack closing and structural reinforcement. The current research proposes a novel SHM approach for concrete structures using embedded MSMAs for magnetic sensing, and investigates the properties of such a system.
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Zhang, Lu, Sepideh Oskoe, Hongyu Li, and Didem Ozevin. "Combined Damage Index to Detect Plastic Deformation in Metals Using Acoustic Emission and Nonlinear Ultrasonics." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112151.
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Understanding the amount of degradation using nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods provides an effective way of determining the fitness to service and the residual life of structural components. Due to uncertainties introduced by the single NDE method, a combined damage index using multi-sensor data increases the reliability of damage assessment. In this paper, the outputs of three NDE methods including acoustic emission (AE), linear ultrasonics (LUT), and nonlinear ultrasonics (NLUT) are merged to identify the amount of plastic deformation in aluminum 1100. The sensitivities of individual and combined methods to microstructural changes are evaluated. The coupon samples are loaded up to different strain levels and then unloaded. AE data is recorded in real time and ultrasonic data is recorded from the unloaded samples. The major features combined in the damage index are cumulative AE absolute energy and nonlinear coefficient. The microstructural state is verified with microscopic analysis and hardness testing. The developed damage index can nondestructively assess the amount of plastic deformation with higher reliability.
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Beltrán-Torres, G. C., and J. Hernández-Fernández. "NEW MITOCHONDRIAL MARKERS IMPROVE THE PHYLOGENY OF THE HAWKSBILL TURTLE Eretmochelys imbricata (TESTUDINES: CHELONIIDAE)." Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 29, no. 2 (2018): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35407/bag.2018.29.02.03.
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The sea turtles (Cheloniidae) are a group of seven species of cretaceous origin. Analyses of partial mitochondrial sequences have revealed phylogenetic inconsistences within this group. Nevertheless, these mitochondrial markers have allowed us to understand, explain and clarify population composition in areas of foraging, reproductive habits, inferences of migration patterns and, also, to define management units in the world, in order to trace conservation and monitoring plans. In this study, four methods were evaluated and compared for phylogenetic inference (Neighbor-Joining-NJ, Maximum Likelihood-ML, Maximum Parsimony-MP and Bayesian inference-BI) by using coding genes, ribosomal genes and full mitogenomes of the hawksbill, E. imbricata, and other six species of sea turtles obtained from GenBank. The sequences were analyzed independently and jointly to identify the method and marker that better explain the phylogenetic relationships among this group of reptiles. The NJ, ML, MP and BI trees showed that ND2, COX1, 16S rRNA, ND5, 12S rRNA, ND4 and COX3 are the markers that give phylogenetic trees with better resolution and support, with bootstrap values ranging from 89.0% to 99.98%. ATP6, ATP8, COX2, ND1, ND3, ND5 and ND4L genes presented polytomies. The analysis with full mitogenome often provides highly supported trees (bootstrap 98.0%) compared with single marker analysis. Trees obtained with the BI method and the ND2 gene is the one that better resolved the evolutionary relationships among the species, consolidating the position of E. imbricata within the Carettini tribe with a value of posterior probability of 0.98-1.0. The markers ND2, ND4, ND5 and COIII, not used in previous works, represent a new alternative to explain the phylogeny in this group of marine reptiles. In the present study, a complete mitogenome analysis produced robust and highly supported trees. Key words: phylogenetic relationships, Eretmochelys imbricate, mitogenoma, sea turtles, bootstrap, polytomies
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Salas, MPH, Joanne, Mary Beth Miller, PhD, Jeffrey F. Scherrer, PhD, et al. "The association of opioid use duration and new depression episode among patients with and without insomnia." Journal of Opioid Management 16, no. 5 (2020): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2020.0587.
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Objective: Insomnia commonly co-occurs with depression, chronic pain, and opioid use. Both insomnia and chronic opioid analgesic use (OAU) are independent risk factors for a new depression episode (NDE). This study determined if the association between longer OAU duration and NDE was stronger in those with versus without insomnia.Design: Retrospective cohort.Setting: Veterans Health Administration electronic medical records (2000-2012).Participants: New opioid users in follow-up (2002-2012), free of depression for two years prior to follow-up, and aged 18-80 (n = 70,997).Methods: NDE was ≥ 2 ICD-9 codes in a 12-month period. Insomnia before OAU initiation was ≥1 ICD-9 code. Cox proportional hazard models stratified on insomnia assessed the relationship between initiating a 1-30, 31-90, or 90 day period of OAU and NDE while controlling for confounders using inverse probability of treatment-weighted propensity scores (PS).Results: Compared to 1-30 day OAU, 31-90 day was associated with NDE in those without (HR = 1.20; 95 percent CI: 1.12-1.28) but not with insomnia (HR = 1.06; 95 percent CI: 0.86-1.32). Results showed a stronger effect of chronic (90) OAU in those with insomnia (HR = 1.59; 95 percent CI: 1.27-1.98) compared to those without (HR = 1.31; 95 percent CI: 1.21-1.42). However, all stratum-specific effects were not significantly different (p = 0.136).Conclusions: Although stratum-specific risks were statistically similar, there was evidence for a trend that chronic OAU is a stronger risk factor for NDE in those with versus without insomnia. Providers are encouraged to monitor sleep impairment among patients on opioid therapy, as sleep may be associated with greater risk for NDE in patients with chronic OAU.
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Liu, Wen-Bin, Wen-Xuan Pei, Ya-Ning Tang, et al. "New Mitogenomes from the Genus Ablabesmyia (Diptera: Chironomidae, Tanypodiinae): Characterization and Phylogenetic Implications." Insects 16, no. 2 (2025): 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16020178.
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(1) Background: The insect mitogenome encodes essential genetic components and serves as an effective marker for molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis in insects due to its small size, maternal inheritance, and rapid evolution. The morphological identification of Ablabesmyia is challenging, particularly for non-experts. Thus, there is an increasing need for molecular data to improve classification accuracy and phylogenetic analysis. (2) Methods: Our analysis encompassed eight species of Ablabesmyia, a single species of Conchapelopia, one species of Denopelopia, and one species of Thienemannimyia, all originating from China. We then performed a comprehensive analysis of the nucleotide composition, sequence length, and evolutionary rate. (3) Results: All newly assembled mitogenomes displayed a negative GC-skew, indicating a cytosine bias, while most exhibited a positive AT-skew, reflecting an adenine and thymine abundance. All thirteen protein-coding genes (PCGs) featured the conventional start codon ATN, aligning closely with the typical mitochondrial start codon observed in insects. The evolutionary rates of these PCGs can be ordered as follows: ND2 > ATP8 > ND6 > ND4 > ND5 > ND3 > ND4L > ND1 > CYTB > COIII > ATP6 > COII > COI. (4) Conclusions: These newly sequenced mitogenomes exhibit structural features and nucleotide compositions that closely align with those of previously reported Chironomidae species, marking a significant expansion of the chironomid mitogenome database.
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Gryzagoridis, J., D. Findeis, and D. R. Schneider. "The impact of optical NDE methods in vessel fracture protection." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 61, no. 2-3 (1995): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(94)00121-x.
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Nieminen, A. O. K., and J. L. Koenig. "Macroscopic and modern microscopic NDE methods for adhesive-bonded structures." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 11, no. 1 (1991): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(91)90054-l.
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Al Mutair, Abbas, Zainab Ambani, Alexander Woodman, Chandni Saha, Hanan F. Alharbi, and Alya Elgamri. "Nurse Who Had MERS-CoV Complications with A Near-Death Experience during Pregnancy: A Narrative Analysis." Healthcare 12, no. 3 (2024): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12030298.
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Background: According to prevailing views in neuroscience, near-death experiences (NDE) occurring after severe head trauma, critical illness, or coma are often life-transforming experiences in which no awareness or sensory experience of any kind is possible. Although there are general patterns, each case is quite different from the other and requires accurate recording and reporting to potentially explain the phenomenon. Aim: This narrative study aimed to explore a pregnant woman’s NDE due to complications from MERS-CoV. Methods: This was a qualitative narrative study with the administration of two unstructured interviews. After the second interview, the participant completed the Greyson NDE scale, presented through descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using Labov’s model of narrative analysis through abstract, orientation, complicating action, evaluation, resolution, and coda. Results: The Greyson scale resulted in a total score of 12, confirming that the patient had experienced an NDE. Labov’s model of narrative analysis revealed that the patient’s experience was not limited to the NDE but had implications for her recovery and life. The patient experienced all three types of NDEs: out-of-body, transcendental, including the transition of consciousness to another dimension, and a combined experience. She also suffered from prolonged hallucinations, neuropathy, and post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). At the same time, the patient experienced what is known as NDE aftereffects, which are caused by a change in beliefs and values; she began to lead a more altruistic life and became interested in the meaning of life. Conclusions: NDE survivors should be encouraged to talk more and share their stories with others if they wish. This study not only investigates the NDE but also considerably adds to the existing literature by integrating a unique cultural view from a country outside of the US and other Western nations, and it highlights the significant role of healthcare providers in NDEs and the importance of communication with comatose patients. It underscores the need for compassion when dealing with patients with NDEs.
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Ait Melloul, Amal, Karolina Kinnunen, and Etzel Cardeña. "The Phenomenology of Distressing Near-death Experiences and Their Aftereffects." Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition 4, no. 2 (2024): 192–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.31156/jaex.25433.
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Objective: To explore what it is like to have a distressing near-death experience (NDE) and its aftereffects. Method: We accessed all distressing NDE narratives from the International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS) database and analyzed eight individual narratives using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Distressing NDEs include features such as disturbing feelings and experiences of darkness and frightening images in different forms. Participants reported emotional and social difficulties in dealing with the NDE afterwards. Aftereffects such as receiving negative feedback when talking about the experience and heightened emotions were mentioned. We found hybrid experiences, where the distressing experience had positive features as well. Conclusion: Future research about NDEs should focus on hybrid experiences and employ mixed methods and more qualitative research in general.
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Shi, Xiaodong, Anthony Olvera, Ciaron Hamilton, et al. "AI-Enabled Robotic NDE for Structural Damage Assessment and Repair." Materials Evaluation 79, no. 7 (2021): 739–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2021.me-04214.
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The aim of this paper is to develop the concept and a prototype of an intelligent mobile robotic platform that is integrated with nondestructive evaluation (NDE) capabilities for autonomous live inspection and repair. In many industrial environments, such as the application of power plant boiler inspection, human inspectors often have to perform hazardous and challenging tasks. There is a significant chance of injury, considering the confined spaces and limited visibility of the inspection environment and hazards such as pressurization and improper water levels. In order to provide a solution to eliminate these dangers, the concept of a new robotic system was developed and prototyped that is capable of autonomously sweeping the region to be inspected. The robot design contains systematic integration of components from robotics, NDE, and artificial intelligence (AI). A magnetic track system is used to navigate over the vertical steel structures required for examination. While moving across the inspection area, the robot uses an NDE sensor to acquire data for inspection and repair. This paper presents a design of a portable NDE scanning system based on eddy current array probes, which can be customized and installed on various mobile robot platforms. Machine learning methods are applied for semantic segmentation that will simultaneously localize and recognize defects without the need of human intervention. Experiments were conducted that show the NDE and repair capabilities of the system. Improvements in human safety and structural damage prevention, as well as lowering the overall costs of maintenance, are possible through the implementation of this robotic NDE system.
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Delatte, Norbert, Shen-en Chen, Nitin Maini, et al. "Application of Nondestructive Evaluation to Subway Tunnel Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1845, no. 1 (2003): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1845-14.
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Subway tunnel condition assessment presents significant challenges for engineers and managers and is becoming increasingly important as the systems continue to age. Tunnels are in constant heavy use in an aggressive environment. Tunnel systems are vast, dark, and noisy. The national investment in subway tunnels is enormous, and careful maintenance and management are necessary to protect this investment. Technologies that can rapidly and accurately access the condition of subway tunnels without interfering with the normal operation of the system were studied. First, issues and problems in subway tunnel maintenance were reviewed through the literature and by interviewing transit agency managers and engineers. Next, different nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods including spectral analysis of surface waves, impact echo, ground-penetrating radar, and impulse response were evaluated to determine the advantages and limitations of these methods on different problems like water leakage, corrosion, and cracks in subway tunnel systems. Issues of data and infrastructure management were also considered. NDE technologies have considerable potential for improving the maintenance and management of transit infrastructure. However, to fully realize that potential, further development is needed. It is necessary to distinguish between methods that require interruption of subway traffic from those that do not. Rapid screening NDE methods must be researched to develop clear signals of delamination, moisture-related damage, and other issues of concern. It is also necessary to develop automated procedures to process the vast amounts of data generated during extensive NDE testing. Case studies and demonstration projects must be developed and documented to convince managers of the utility of this approach.
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Guo, Dongliang, Lisha Zhou, and Xingfa Luo. "NDEExplorer: Visual Analytics for Exploring Damage Modes via Multimodal Data in the Non-Destructive Examination of Composite Materials." Applied Sciences 15, no. 2 (2025): 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020952.
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Non-destructive examination (NDE) in the field of materials engineering is a technique based on acoustics and optical principles used for detecting and evaluating internal defects in materials without causing any damage. The majority of current research on material damage focuses on the analysis of a single NDE method, resulting in low correlation between different NDE methods, and their results are frequently presented as complex data and images, making it difficult for professionals to obtain intuitive inspection results. Therefore, we propose a visual analytics system, NDEExplorer, aimed at solving these problems through visual analytics techniques. The system supports the use of two NDE methods, Acoustic Emission (AE) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC), providing interactive and intuitive views for observing composite material damage features. In addition, the system features a fusion analysis approach and a view that combines AE and DIC methods, enabling users to explore the correlations and trends in multimodal data generated during the material damage process. For users, the application of this system can help accurately identify the various material damage stages and their accompanying damage modes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct a case study using two modal datasets from the same composite material damage scenario and carry out qualitative interviews with professionals and graduate students in the field. Finally, the quantitative feedback from a user study confirms the usefulness of our visual system for the multimodal analysis of material damage datasets.
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Lin, Zhi Bin, Fardad Azarmi, Qusay Al-Kaseasbeh, Mohsen Azimi, and Fei Yan. "Advanced Ultrasonic Testing Technologies with Applications to Evaluation of Steel Bridge Welding - An Overview." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.785.
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Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods are widely accepted for quality control of welding in steel bridges. Recent development of advanced ultrasonic testing technologies enriched the categories of NDE methods used for steel bridges and more importantly these enhanced techniques provided more effective flaw detection and characterization. No guidelines, however, is available in existing bridge welding code for their more widespread applications to bridges. In this study, we overview the state-of-the-art advanced ultrasonic testing technologies in welding inspection. Benefits of the enhanced ultrasonic testing technologies are summarized, aiming to pave the way for deciding methods need for various steel bridge welding inspections.
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Matikas, Theodore E., and Robert L. Crane. "Ultrasonic Nondestructive Techniques for Materials Characterization." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 10 (1996): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400031596.
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Characterization of materials properties is critical for the understanding of materials behavior and performance under operating conditions. Tailoring materials properties, which are functions of the materials states, is essential for advanced product design. The need to characterize materials for a myriad of applications has spurred the development of many new methods and instruments. Unfortunately many of these characterization tools require destructive sectioning. Also many characterization techniques do not provide key information about material parameters in their operating environments. An ideal characterization tool would provide data about the material properties that are related to micro-and macrostructure without destructive sectioning. Such data can only be obtained using nondestructive-evaluation (NDE) methodologies. Therefore NDE is essential for almost any industrial product. Nondestructive evaluation has become an integral part of materials research because it enables the determination of material parameters (such as micro- and macrostructure, stress, physical properties, and defects) at nearly any point, line, surface, or volume element of interest and at nearly any state during the life of the material. Nondestructive evaluation is based on many different methods that rely on elastic waves, penetrating radiation, light, electric and magnetic fields, chemical sensing, etc. The large number of potential methods makes NDE not a single field but a synergism of many scientific and engineering disciplines. Since it would be impractical here to present all the new NDE methodologies with application to materials research, this issue of MRS Bulletin focuses exclusively on those ultrasonic techniques that are increasingly important in materials characterization.
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Lee, YoonKyoung, Sojung Oh, and Suah Lim. "A Study on the Using of Endings (“Eomi”) of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children in Spontaneous Language Samples." Communication Sciences & Disorders 29, no. 2 (2024): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.240014.
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Objectives: Considering that language development is the development of language use ability, endings, which are essential for sentence construction, can be said to be a good indicator of language development as well as grammatical development. This study attempted to systematically and comprehensively examine the overall and subcategory use of endings in spontaneous speech for children aged 3 to 5 whose syntactic skills are rapidly developing. Methods: Language samples containing 50 utterances were collected from a total of 150 children aged 3 to 5 years (50 in each age group) through a semi-structured procedure. ‘Eomi’s are classified into four subcategories: prefinal Eomi (PE), Sentence-closing Eomi (SE), Connecting Eomi (CE), Transformative Eomi (TE). The number of total Eomi (NTE) use, the number of different Eomi (NDE) of overall Eomi & all subcategories of Eomi were analyzed. Results: The NTE & NDE of overall Eomi and all subcategories except SE significantly increased between the 3-year-old group and two older groups, but not between two older groups. Regression analysis demonstrated that the NDE of final Eomi and the NTE of CE significantly explained chronological age in the 3-year-old group. Conclusion: It was confirmed that NDE along with NTE of overall and all subcategories of Eomi consistently increased actively between the ages of 3 and 4. Also NDE along with NTE of Eomi should be considered in language assessment and intervention.
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Mandayam, S., L. Udpa, S. S. Udpa, and W. Lord. "Monte Carlo methods for modeling magnetostatic NDE phenomena: a feasibility study." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 32, no. 3 (1996): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.497515.
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Yan, M., S. Udpa, S. Mandayam, Y. Sun, P. Sacks, and W. Lord. "Solution of inverse problems in electromagnetic NDE using finite element methods." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 34, no. 5 (1998): 2924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.717682.
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Witoś, M., M. Zieja, N. Fallahi, Z. H. Żurek, and J. Kwaśniewski. "NDE and SHM of Critical Parts using Magnetic and Electromagnetic Methods." Acta Physica Polonica A 133, no. 3 (2018): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.133.697.
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Maldague, X., P. Cielo, D. Poussart, and P. Emerson. "Thermographic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of turbine blades: Methods and image processing." Industrial Metrology 1, no. 2 (1990): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5956(90)80023-o.
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Yin, Ying, G. Y. Tian, Guo Fu Yin, and A. M. Luo. "Defect Identification and Classification for Digital X-Ray Images." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.543.
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Radiography inspection (X-ray or gamma ray) is one of the most commonly used Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods. More and more digital X-ray imaging is used for medical diagnosis, security screening, or industrial inspection, which is important for e-manufacturing. In this paper, we firstly introduced an automatic welding defect inspection system for X-ray image evaluation, defect image database and applications of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for NDE. Then, feature extraction and selection methods are used for defect representation. Seven categories of geometric features were defined and selected to represent characteristics of different kinds of welding defect. Finally, a feed-forward backpropagation neural network is implemented for the purpose of defect classification. The performance of the proposed methods are tested and discussed.
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Singh, Mandeep. "Pitch-Catch Ultrasonic Technique for Evaluating Adhesive Bonding in Sandwich Composite Radome Structures." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 6 (2025): 1999–2003. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.72593.
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Sandwich composites with lightweight cores and high-stiffness facesheets are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries. Ensuring the integrity of the adhesive bond between the facesheet and core is critical for structural performance and safety. This review examines the pitch-catch ultrasonic method as a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for assessing adhesive bonding in such structures. The paper summarizes working principles, experimental setups, advantages, limitations, and recent developments in pitch-catch technology, including guided wave and Lamb wave applications. Comparative analysis with other NDE methods and future research directions are also discussed.
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Poudel, Anish. "Railcar Axle Inspection Current State, Future Needs, and Opportunities." Materials Evaluation 82, no. 1 (2024): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2024.me-04378.
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This tutorial article briefly overviews the current state-of-the-art railcar axle inspection methods to detect and characterize axle discontinuities or indications. This paper also presents and discusses some of the initiatives conducted by MxV Rail (formerly TTCI) and other researchers on the use of emerging and advanced nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies that are at different phases of development and not commercially available. Finally, a brief discussion is provided on the need for novel in-motion axle inspection NDE methods for moving trains. Such technology would enhance the safety of railcar axles. The need depends on the regulations in a given jurisdiction and on the class of service (passenger, freight, certain regulated hazardous materials).
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Wilcox, Paul D., Anthony J. Croxford, Nicolas Budyn, et al. "Fusion of multi-view ultrasonic data for increased detection performance in non-destructive evaluation." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2243 (2020): 20200086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0086.
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State-of-the-art ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (NDE) uses an array to rapidly generate multiple, information-rich views at each test position on a safety-critical component. However, the information for detecting potential defects is dispersed across views, and a typical inspection may involve thousands of test positions. Interpretation requires painstaking analysis by a skilled operator. In this paper, various methods for fusing multi-view data are developed. Compared with any one single view, all methods are shown to yield significant performance gains, which may be related to the general and edge cases for NDE. In the general case, a defect is clearly detectable in at least one individual view, but the view(s) depends on the defect location and orientation. Here, the performance gain from data fusion is mainly the result of the selective use of information from the most appropriate view(s) and fusion provides a means to substantially reduce operator burden. The edge cases are defects that cannot be reliably detected in any one individual view without false alarms. Here, certain fusion methods are shown to enable detection with reduced false alarms. In this context, fusion allows NDE capability to be extended with potential implications for the design and operation of engineering assets.
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Chen, Xiaobi, Guanghua Xu, Chenghang Du, Sicong Zhang, Xun Zhang, and Zhicheng Teng. "Poincaré Plot Nonextensive Distribution Entropy: A New Method for Electroencephalography (EEG) Time Series." Sensors 22, no. 16 (2022): 6283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166283.
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As a novel form of visual analysis technique, the Poincaré plot has been used to identify correlation patterns in time series that cannot be detected using traditional analysis methods. In this work, based on the nonextensive of EEG, Poincaré plot nonextensive distribution entropy (NDE) is proposed to solve the problem of insufficient discrimination ability of Poincaré plot distribution entropy (DE) in analyzing fractional Brownian motion time series with different Hurst indices. More specifically, firstly, the reasons for the failure of Poincaré plot DE in the analysis of fractional Brownian motion are analyzed; secondly, in view of the nonextensive of EEG, a nonextensive parameter, the distance between sector ring subintervals from the original point, is introduced to highlight the different roles of each sector ring subinterval in the system. To demonstrate the usefulness of this method, the simulated time series of the fractional Brownian motion with different Hurst indices were analyzed using Poincaré plot NDE, and the process of determining the relevant parameters was further explained. Furthermore, the published sleep EEG dataset was analyzed, and the results showed that the Poincaré plot NDE can effectively reflect different sleep stages. The obtained results for the two classes of time series demonstrate that the Poincaré plot NDE provides a prospective tool for single-channel EEG time series analysis.
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Ahmed, Marwa, Osama Moselhi, and Anjan Bhowmick. "Two-tier data fusion method for bridge condition assessment." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 3 (2018): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0160.
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Fusing collected inspection data provides comprehensive and relatively more accurate diagnostics of defects and accordingly more accurate condition assessment of structures. This paper presents a new two-tier method that utilized data fusion methods for condition assessment of reinforced concrete bridge decks. The method utilizes pixel and feature levels fusion of data collected from multiple nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods such as ground penetrating radar, impact echo, half-cell potential, and electrical resistivity. Data and measurements of NDE methods are extracted from the Iowa Highway research board project 2011 report for three case studies. It is observed from the three cases that each level of data fusion has its unique advantage. The power of pixel level fusion lies in its ability to provide an overview of bridge deck deterioration in one map as it appears in the fused image. On the other hand, feature fusion works better when only specific types of defects such as corrosion, delamination, and deterioration captured from inspection carried out by each of technologies referred to above. The proposed method is tested against filed inspection methods and core sample results described in the three case studies. The main findings of this research recommend utilizing data fusion in two levels as a new method to facilitate and enhance the confidence and capabilities of inspectors in interpretation of the NDE test results.
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Rabung, Madalina, Kevin Schmitz, Oguzhan Sanliturk, Patrick Lehner, Bastian Blinn, and Tilmann Beck. "Non-Destructive Evaluation of Microstructural Changes Induced by Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue in Ferritic and Ferritic/Martensitic Steels." Applied Sciences 15, no. 9 (2025): 4969. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094969.
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Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) is highly relevant to assessing micro- and macrostructural changes in ferritic and ferritic/martensitic steels subjected to high temperature loading. These materials are widely used in energy generation, where they undergo extreme thermal and mechanical loads. This study examines the feasibility of micromagnetic NDE techniques, i.e., micromagnetic measurements, supported by machine learning methods, to identify and characterize the micro- and macrostructural changes caused by the mechanical loading at high temperatures of power plant steels, i.e., ferritic/martensitic P91 and the high chromium ferritic steel HiperFer-17Cr2. While the P91 did not show any systematic changes in micromagnetic measurements, which generally correlate with the evolution of the microstructure and the mechanical properties, for the HiperFer-17Cr2, pronounced changes in the micromagnetic properties were observed. In correlation with the evolution of the hardness and cyclic deformation behavior, which are both mainly attributed to Laves phase precipitation, the micromagnetic measurements significantly changed depending on the temperature, number of load cycles and load amplitude applied. Thus, these NDE methods can be used for early diagnosis and preventive maintenance strategies for HiperFer-17Cr2, potentially extending the lifespan of the components and mitigating safety risks.
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Du, Jinyang, Renyun Liu, Du Cheng, Xu Wang, Tong Zhang, and Fanhua Yu. "Enhancing NSGA-II Algorithm through Hybrid Strategy for Optimizing Maize Water and Fertilizer Irrigation Simulation." Symmetry 16, no. 8 (2024): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16081062.
Full textAbstract:
In optimization problems, the principle of symmetry provides important guidance. This article introduces an enhanced NSGA-II algorithm, termed NDE-NSGA-II, designed for addressing multi-objective optimization problems. The approach employs Tent mapping for population initialization, thereby augmenting its search capability. During the offspring generation process, a hybrid local search strategy is implemented to augment the population’s exploration capabilities. It is crucial to highlight that in elite selection, norm selection and average distance elimination strategies are adopted to strengthen the selection mechanism of the population. This not only enhances diversity but also ensures convergence, thereby improving overall performance. The effectiveness of the proposed NDE-NSGA-II is comprehensively evaluated across various benchmark functions with distinct true Pareto frontier shapes. The results consistently demonstrate that the NDE-NSGA-II method presented in this paper surpasses the performance metrics of the other five methods. Lastly, the algorithm is integrated with the DSSAT model to optimize maize irrigation and fertilization scheduling, confirming the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.