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Lloyd-Baynes, Frances, Erin Barsan, Meg Black, and Heidi Raatz. "NDSR Art @ Mia." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 38, no. 2 (September 2019): 262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/706102.
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Lin, Annie, Nancy Morgan, Agnes Kwon, Christy Tangney, Linda Van Horn, and Bonnie Spring. "Comparison of Food Composition Databases from Two Popular Commercial Nutrition Apps with a Research Food and Nutrient Database." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa060_007.
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Abstract Objectives Increasing interest in using commercial nutrition apps to evaluate energy intake and diet quality warrants further investigation of how diet data are being analyzed by clinicians. Few studies have compared food composition databases from commercial apps with a validated nutrient database used by the scientific community. We investigated the reliability of MyFitnessPal (v19.4.0) and 2017 CalorieKing databases with the 2017 Nutrition Coordinating Center Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) database. Methods The 50 most consumed foods were identified from an urban weight loss study. A single investigator searched each database to document data on calories and nutrients (i.e., total carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, protein, and total and saturated fat). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses evaluated the reliability between each commercial database with the NDSR; an ICC ≥ 0.90 was considered excellent; 0.75 to < 0.90 as good; 0.50 to < 0.75 as moderate; and < 0.50 as poor. Sensitivity analyses determined whether reliability differed by most frequently consumed food groups. Results The 3 most frequently consumed food groups were Fruits (15 items), Vegetables (13 items) and Protein (9 items). There was excellent reliability between CalorieKing and NDSR for all diet data (ICC range = 0.90–1.00). Between MyFitnessPal and NDSR, calories and nutrients had excellent reliability (ICC range = 0.90–1.00), except for total fat (ICC = 0.89) and fiber (ICC = 0.67). Sensitivity analyses showed good to excellent reliability between both commercial databases with NDSR for Vegetables and Protein groups (ICC range = 0.86–1.00). However, MyFitnessPal and NCC had poor reliability in calories, total carbohydrate, and fiber within the Fruit group (ICC range = 0.33–0.43). Conclusions CalorieKing had stronger agreement with NDSR. The wide range of ICCs between MyFitnessPal and NDSR is attributed to poor reliability among foods within the Fruit group. Our findings illustrate variability in nutrient data across commercial databases that can impact use in clinical nutrition analysis and translation of evidence-based interventions into practice. Future studies are needed to compare other popular commercial mobile nutrition apps with NDSR and/or other validated nutrient databases. Funding Sources The first author is supported by the National Cancer Institute.
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Chin, Elizabeth L., Gabriel Simmons, Yasmine Y. Bouzid, Annie Kan, Dustin J. Burnett, Ilias Tagkopoulos, and Danielle G. Lemay. "Nutrient Estimation from 24-Hour Food Recalls Using Machine Learning and Database Mapping: A Case Study with Lactose." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 3045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11123045.
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The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) is a free dietary recall system that outputs fewer nutrients than the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). NDSR uses the Nutrition Coordinating Center (NCC) Food and Nutrient Database, both of which require a license. Manual lookup of ASA24 foods into NDSR is time-consuming but currently the only way to acquire NCC-exclusive nutrients. Using lactose as an example, we evaluated machine learning and database matching methods to estimate this NCC-exclusive nutrient from ASA24 reports. ASA24-reported foods were manually looked up into NDSR to obtain lactose estimates and split into training (n = 378) and test (n = 189) datasets. Nine machine learning models were developed to predict lactose from the nutrients common between ASA24 and the NCC database. Database matching algorithms were developed to match NCC foods to an ASA24 food using only nutrients (“Nutrient-Only”) or the nutrient and food descriptions (“Nutrient + Text”). For both methods, the lactose values were compared to the manual curation. Among machine learning models, the XGB-Regressor model performed best on held-out test data (R2 = 0.33). For the database matching method, Nutrient + Text matching yielded the best lactose estimates (R2 = 0.76), a vast improvement over the status quo of no estimate. These results suggest that computational methods can successfully estimate an NCC-exclusive nutrient for foods reported in ASA24.
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Miller, Paige E., Diane C. Mitchell, Priscilla L. Harala, Janet M. Pettit, Helen Smiciklas-Wright, and Terryl J. Hartman. "Development and evaluation of a method for calculating the Healthy Eating Index-2005 using the Nutrition Data System for Research." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 2 (June 25, 2010): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010001655.
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AbstractObjectiveTo develop and evaluate a method for calculating the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) with the widely used Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) based on the method developed for use with the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Food and Nutrient Dietary Data System (FNDDS) and MyPyramid Equivalents Database (MPED).DesignCross-sectional.SettingNon-institutionalized, community-dwelling adults aged 70 years and above.SubjectsTwo hundred and seventy-one adults participating in the Geisinger Rural Aging Study (GRAS) and 620 age- and race-matched adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2002 (NHANES) were included in the analysis. The HEI-2005 scores were generated using NDSR in GRAS and compared to scores generated using FNDDS and MPED in NHANES.ResultsSimilar total HEI-2005 scores (mean 62·0 (se 0·75) in GRAS v. 57·4 (se 0·55) in NHANES) were estimated, and the individual components most strongly correlated with total score in both samples were compared. Cronbach’s coefficient α values of HEI-2005 were 0·52 in GRAS and 0·43 in NHANES.ConclusionsSince NDSR is commonly used for educational purposes, in clinical settings and in nutrition research, it is important to develop methodology for assessing diet quality through the use of HEI-2005 with this dietary analysis software application and its accompanying food and nutrient database. Results from the present study show that HEI-2005 scores can be generated with NDSR using the method described in the present study and the detailed USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion technical report as guidance.
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Griffiths, Carly, Lisa Harnack, and Mark A. Pereira. "Assessment of the accuracy of nutrient calculations of five popular nutrition tracking applications." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 8 (March 14, 2018): 1495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018000393.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of nutrient intake calculations from leading nutrition tracking applications (apps).DesignNutrient intake estimates from thirty 24 h dietary recalls collected using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) were compared with intake calculations from these recalls entered by the researcher into five free nutrition tracking apps. Apps were selected from the Apple App Store based on consumer popularity from the list of free ‘Health and Fitness’ apps classified as a nutrition tracking apps.SubjectsDietary recall data collected from thirty lower-income adults.ResultsCorrelations between nutrient intake calculations from NDSR and the nutrition tracking apps ranged from 0·73 to 0·96 for energy and macronutrients. Correlations for the other nutrients examined (Na, total sugars, fibre, cholesterol, saturated fat) ranged from 0·57 to 0·93. For each app, one or more mean nutrient intake calculations were significantly lower than those from NDSR. These differences included total protein (P=0·03), total fat (P=0·005), Na (P=0·02) and cholesterol (P=0·005) for MyFitnessPal; dietary fibre (P=0·04) for Fitbit; total protein (P=0·0004), total fat (P=0·008), Na (P=0·002), sugars (P=0·007), cholesterol (P=0·0006) and saturated fat (P=0·005) for Lose It!; Na (P=0·03) and dietary fibre (P=0·005) for MyPlate; and total fat (P=0·03) for Lifesum.ConclusionsFindings suggest that nutrient calculations from leading nutrition tracking apps tend to be lower than those from NDSR, a dietary analysis software developed for research purposes. Further research is needed to evaluate the validity of the apps when foods consumed are entered by consumers.
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Ghosh, Dipak K., and Richard St J. Lambert. "NdSr isotopic study of Proterozoic to Triassic sediments from southeastern British Columbia." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 94, no. 1-2 (August 1989): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(89)90081-2.
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Vecchione, A., M. Gombos, S. Pace, L. Marchese, G. Cerrato, C. Tedesco, P. W. Stephens, and C. Noce. "Crystal structure and morphology of the NdSr 2 RuCu 2 O y compound." European Physical Journal B 26, no. 1 (March 2002): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e20020065.
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VECCHIONE, A., M. GOMBOS, C. TEDESCO, A. IMMIRZI, L. MARCHESE, A. FRACHE, C. NOCE, and S. PACE. "SYNTHESIS, MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF (GD,ND)SR2RUCU2O8 SAMPLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 04n06 (March 10, 2003): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203016790.
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NdSr 2 RuCu 2 O x material has been prepared as polycrystalline powder by solid state reaction. The compound has been investigated by synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that the average crystal structure is a disordered cubic perovskite with Nd and Sr cations occupying the same site and the same substitution is found for Cu and Ru atoms. A comparison between the crystal structure and morphology of this compound and the superconducting tetragonal GdSr 2 RuCu 2 O 8 is also discussed.
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Uporov, S. A., V. Ya Mitrofanov, O. M. Fedorova, and A. M. Yankin. "Influence of thermal processing on magnetotransport characteristics of NdSr 2 Mn 2 O 7+ δ." Materials Research Bulletin 67 (July 2015): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2015.03.007.
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Lee, H. K., and K. D. Kim. "Occurrence of Superconductivity in Ba-Doped NdSr2(Cu,Mo)3Oz." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 18n20 (August 10, 2003): 3622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203021514.
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Polycrystalline samples of Nd ( Sr 2-y Ba y)( Cu 3-x Mo x) O z (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) with tetragonal structure were synthesized and investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and thermoelectric power measurements. Contrary to the absence of superconductivity of the Ba-free samples, superconductivity can be achieved by partially substituting Ba for Sr in semiconducting NdSr 2( Cu 3-x Mo x) O z (0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.3). Thermoelectric power measurements reveal that all the samples are in the underdoped state and the partial substitution of Ba for Sr results in an increase of the carrier density on the superconducting layers.
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Chow, Selina, Ronald Chow, Angela Wan, Helen R. Lam, Kate Taylor, Katija Bonin, Leigha Rowbottom, Henry Lam, Carlo DeAngelis, and Nathan Herrmann. "National Dementia Strategies: What Should Canada Learn?" Canadian Geriatrics Journal 21, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 173–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5770/cgj.21.299.
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BackgroundIn order to provide appropriate care for the aging population, many countries are adopting a National Dementia Strategy (NDS). On June 22, 2017, Canada announced it will become the 30th country to launch a NDS. In light of this announcement and as Canada prepares to develop its own NDS, we conducted this review to examine and compare the NDSs of the other previous 29 countries with Canadian government’s policies to date.MethodsNDSs were compared according to their major priorities. The primary endpoints were the framework conditions and key actions outlined in the strategies. Secondary endpoints included the years active, involvement of stakeholders, funding, and implementation.ResultsWe were able to review and compare 25 of the 29 published NDSs. While the NDSs of each country varied, several major priorities were common among the strategies—increasing awareness of dementia, reducing its stigma, identifying support services, improving the quality of care, as well as improving training and education and promoting research.ConclusionsThis review comprehensively lists and compares the NDSs of different countries. The results should be of great interest to policy-makers, health-care professionals and other key stakeholders involved in developing Canada’s forthcoming NDS. We hope that policy-makers in Canada can review other NDSs, learn from their example, and develop an effective NDS for our country.
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Guo, Feng. "Statistical Methods for Naturalistic Driving Studies." Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application 6, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-statistics-030718-105153.
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The naturalistic driving study (NDS) is an innovative research method characterized by the continuous recording of driving information using advanced instrumentation under real-world driving conditions. NDSs provide opportunities to assess driving risks that are difficult to evaluate using traditional crash database or experimental methods. NDS findings have profound impacts on driving safety research, safety countermeasures development, and public policy. NDSs also come with attendant challenges to statistical analysis, however, due to the sheer volume of data collected, complex structure, and high cost associated with information extraction. This article reviews statistical and analytical methods for working with NDS data. Topics include the characteristics of NDSs; NDS data components; and epidemiological approaches for video-based risk modeling, including case-cohort and case-crossover study designs, logistic models, Poisson models, and recurrent event models. The article also discusses several key issues related to NDS analysis, such as crash surrogates and alternative reference exposure levels.
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Ito, Masahiko, Kiyoshi Shimamura, Dorota A. Pawlak, and Tsuguo Fukuda. "Growth and characterization of the perovskite-type oxides (NdSr)(AlNb)O3 and (LaSr)(GaNb)O3 as substrates for GaN epitaxial growth." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 339, no. 1-2 (June 2002): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(01)01991-0.
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Hergovich, Alexander, Samuel J. Bichsel, and Brian A. Hemmings. "Human NDR Kinases Are Rapidly Activated by MOB Proteins through Recruitment to the Plasma Membrane and Phosphorylation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 18 (September 15, 2005): 8259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.18.8259-8272.2005.
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ABSTRACT Human nuclear Dbf2-related kinases (NDRs) are up-regulated in certain cancer types, yet their precise function(s) and regulatory mechanism(s) still remain to be defined. Here, we show that active (phosphorylated on Thr444) and inactive human NDRs are both mainly cytoplasmic. Moreover, NDR kinases colocalize at the plasma membrane with human MOBs (hMOBs), which are recently described coactivators of human NDR in vitro. Strikingly, membrane targeting of NDR results in a constitutively active kinase due to phosphorylation on Ser281 and Thr444 that is further activated upon coexpression of hMOBs. Membrane-targeted hMOBs also robustly promoted activation of NDR. We further demonstrate that the in vivo activation of human NDR by membrane-bound hMOBs is dependent on their interaction and occurs solely at the membrane. By using a chimeric molecule of hMOB, which allows inducible membrane translocation, we found that NDR phosphorylation and activation at the membrane occur a few minutes after association of hMOB with membranous structures. We provide insight into a potential in vivo mechanism of NDR activation through rapid recruitment to the plasma membrane mediated by hMOBs.
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Cross, H. Z. "Registration of NDSB(MS)C8 and NDSG(MS)C8 Maize Germplasms." Crop Science 29, no. 2 (1989): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900020067x.
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Cross, H. Z. "Registration of NDSCD, NDSK(FS)C1, and NDSL(FS)C1 Maize Germplasms." Crop Science 28, no. 1 (January 1988): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1988.201.rgp.
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Saxton, Daniel S., and Jasper Rine. "Nucleosome Positioning Regulates the Establishment, Stability, and Inheritance of Heterochromatin inSaccharomyces cerevisiae." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 44 (October 19, 2020): 27493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004111117.
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Heterochromatic domains are complex structures composed of nucleosome arrays that are bound by silencing factors. This composition raises the possibility that certain configurations of nucleosome arrays facilitate heterochromatic silencing. We tested this possibility inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby systematically altering the distance between heterochromatic nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs), which is predicted to affect local nucleosome positioning by limiting how nucleosomes can be packed between NDRs. Consistent with this prediction, serial deletions that altered the distance between heterochromatic NDRs revealed a striking oscillatory relationship between inter-NDR distance and defects in nucleosome positioning. Furthermore, conditions that caused poor nucleosome positioning also led to defects in both heterochromatin stability and the ability of cells to generate and inherit epigenetic transcriptional states. These findings strongly suggest that nucleosome positioning can contribute to formation and maintenance of functional heterochromatin and point to previously unappreciated roles of NDR positioning within heterochromatic domains.
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Dubinina, Inessa Ivanovna, Tatiana Vladimirovna Karapysh, and Nina Fedorovna Nosova. "Efficacy of combined treatment of distal polyneuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and concomitant primaryhypothyroidism." Diabetes mellitus 14, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-6228.
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Aim. To study changes of metabolic parameters and neurologic manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and concomitant primaryhypothyroidism under effect of combined therapy. Materials and methods. 62 patients with distal neuropathy (DN) including 16 with DM2 and primary hypothyroidism (PHT) (group 1), 32 DM2patients without thyroid pathology (group 2), and 15 patients with PHT without DM (group 3). The patients were matched for age and durationof all above diseases. They were treated by alpha lipoic acid-based drugs: thioctacid, thiogamma, berlithion, octolipen (600 U/d i/v), vitamins B:milgamma, combilipen (2 ml/d i/m) for 12 weeks. All measurements were made at admittance, 21 days and 12 weeks after it. The efficacy of therapywas estimated from changes in HbA1c levels, fasting and postprandial glycemia, lipid metabolism. DN was diagnosed using NSS, TSS, NDS, NDSm,and NIS-LL scales. Results. Combined therapy of patients with DM2 and PHT resulted in a decrease of HbA1c levels within 12 weeks, fasting and postprandialglycemia within 21 and 12 weeks respectively. Compensation of PHT led to a decrease of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels within 12 weeks.Subcompensation of carbohydrate metabolism (postprandial glycemia) improved neurologic symptoms within 21 weeks in all patients (NSS and TSSscales). The same effect was documented within 12 weeks in patients without thyroid pathology (NSS, TSS, NDS, NDSm, and NIS-LL scales). Inthose with PHT beneficial effect was revealed only using the NIS-LL scale. The worst outcome of therapy estimated from NSS, TSS, NDS, NDSm,and NIS-LL scales was documented in patients with DM2+PHT probably due to additional effect of thyroid pathology on the severity of DN. Conclusion. The use of NSS, TSS, NDS, NDSm, and NIS-LL scales makes it possible to reveal changes in the severity of sensorimotor disturbancesin DN patients depending on metabolic parameters modified by pathogenetic therapy.
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Nie, Z., G. F. Tremblay, G. Bélanger, R. Berthiaume, Y. Castonguay, A. Bertrand, R. Michaud, G. Allard, and J. Han. "Carbohydrates in alfalfa-timothy mixtures predicted with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy equations developed for single species." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 89, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas08128.
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Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) equations previously developed with a calibration set that included samples of both timothy and alfalfa to predict carbohydrate fractions in mixed samples of both species. Timothy and alfalfa mixed samples were prepared with the alfalfa proportion ranging from 0 to 100%, with increments of 4%. With previously developed NIRS equations based on samples of single species of timothy and alfalfa, concentrations of total ethanol soluble carbohydrates (TESC), starch, and neutral detergent soluble carbohydrates (NDSC) of the mixed samples were predicted successfully, but concentrations of organic acids (OA) and neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF) were unsuccessfully predicted. Adding 13 mixed samples to the initial calibration set of around 110 samples of pure timothy and alfalfa samples improved the accuracy of already successful predictions for TESC, starch, and NDSC, and resulted in a successful prediction for NDSF in timothy and alfalfa mixtures.Key words: Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, sugars, Phleum pratense, Medicago sativa
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Godoy-Marín, Héctor, Romain Duroux, Kenneth A. Jacobson, Concepció Soler, Hildegard Colino-Lage, Veronica Jiménez-Sábado, José Montiel, Leif Hove-Madsen, and Francisco Ciruela. "Adenosine A2A Receptors Are Upregulated in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Atrial Fibrillation Patients." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 3467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073467.
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. While some clinical parameters may predict the transition from paroxysmal to persistent AF, the molecular mechanisms behind the AF perpetuation are poorly understood. Thus, oxidative stress, calcium overload and inflammation, among others, are believed to be involved in AF-induced atrial remodelling. Interestingly, adenosine and its receptors have also been related to AF development and perpetuation. Here, we investigated the expression of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) both in right atrium biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from non-dilated sinus rhythm (ndSR), dilated sinus rhythm (dSR) and AF patients. In addition, plasma adenosine content and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in these subjects were also determined. Our results revealed increased A2AR expression in the right atrium from AF patients, as previously described. Interestingly, increased levels of adenosine content and reduced ADA activity in plasma from AF patients were detected. An increase was observed when A2AR expression was assessed in PBMCs from AF subjects. Importantly, a positive correlation (p = 0.001) between A2AR expression in the right atrium and PBMCs was observed. Overall, these results highlight the importance of the A2AR in AF and suggest that the evaluation of this receptor in PBMCs may be potentially be useful in monitoring disease severity and the efficacy of pharmacological treatments in AF patients.
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Mehta, Supal, Lara Ruth Dugas, Candice Choo-Kang, Pascal Bovet, Terrence Forrester, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Estelle Vicki Lambert, et al. "Consumption of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated with Improved Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Four African-Origin Populations Spanning the Epidemiologic Transition." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 2442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072442.
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Long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are of increasing interest because of their favorable effect on cardiometabolic risk. This study explores the association between omega 6 and 3 fatty acids intake and cardiometabolic risk in four African-origin populations spanning the epidemiological transition. Data are obtained from a cohort of 2500 adults aged 25–45 enrolled in the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS), from the US, Ghana, Jamaica, and the Seychelles. Dietary intake was measured using two 24 h recalls from the Nutrient Data System for Research (NDSR). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk was analyzed by comparing the lowest and highest quartile of omega-3 (EPA+ DHA) consumption and by comparing participants who consumed a ratio of arachidonic acid (AA)/EPA + DHA and >4:1. Data were analyzed using multiple variable logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, activity, calorie intake, alcohol intake, and smoking status. The lowest quartile of EPA + DHA intake is associated with cardiometabolic risk 2.16 (1.45, 3.2), inflammation 1.59 (1.17, 2.16), and obesity 2.06 (1.50, 2.82). Additionally, consuming an AA/EPA + DHA ratio of >4:1 is also associated with cardiometabolic risk 1.80 (1.24, 2.60), inflammation 1.47 (1.06, 2.03), and obesity 1.72 (1.25, 2.39). Our findings corroborate previous research supporting a beneficial role for monounsaturated fatty acids in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
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Kharerin, Hungyo, and Lu Bai. "Thermodynamic modeling of genome-wide nucleosome depleted regions in yeast." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): e1008560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008560.
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Nucleosome positioning in the genome is essential for the regulation of many nuclear processes. We currently have limited capability to predict nucleosome positioning in vivo, especially the locations and sizes of nucleosome depleted regions (NDRs). Here, we present a thermodynamic model that incorporates the intrinsic affinity of histones, competitive binding of sequence-specific factors, and nucleosome remodeling to predict nucleosome positioning in budding yeast. The model shows that the intrinsic affinity of histones, at near-saturating histone concentration, is not sufficient in generating NDRs in the genome. However, the binding of a few factors, especially RSC towards GC-rich and poly(A/T) sequences, allows us to predict ~ 66% of genome-wide NDRs. The model also shows that nucleosome remodeling activity is required to predict the correct NDR sizes. The validity of the model was further supported by the agreement between the predicted and the measured nucleosome positioning upon factor deletion or on exogenous sequences introduced into yeast. Overall, our model quantitatively evaluated the impact of different genetic components on NDR formation and illustrated the vital roles of sequence-specific factors and nucleosome remodeling in this process.
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Avalos, Antonio, and R. Sean Alley. "Are Mexican Net Discount Rates Stationary? An Application for Lost Earnings Damages Involving Undocumented Workers." Journal of Forensic Economics 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 128–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/jfe-373r2.1.
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AbstractThis paper provides empirical evidence on the behavior of various Mexican Net Discount Rates (NDRs) by examining the time series properties of several yields on Mexican government securities and annual wages for nine industrial sectors. Results indicate that NDRs are characterized as a stationary series around a shift in its mean. The forecast for the mean of the NDRs should be based on the period after the time of the shift, which took place in 1994. The discussion addresses relevant case law and the application of the NDR approach to the calculation of damages for Mexican undocumented workers as an effort to equip forensic economists with the tools to conduct such estimates.
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Teixeira, Marina Galvão, José Geraldo Mill, Alexandre Costa Pereira, and Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina. "Consumo de antioxidantes em participantes do ELSA-Brasil: resultados da linha de base." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 19, no. 1 (March 2016): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201600010013.
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RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo habitual de antioxidantes (vitaminas A, E e C, selênio e zinco) e identificar fatores associados ao baixo consumo em adultos. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 14.660 participantes (35 a 74 anos) da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). O consumo de antioxidantes e energia total foi determinado por Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e analisado com auxílio do software NDSR. O consumo dos antioxidantes foi ajustado pela energia total e dividido em quintis. Variáveis socioeconômicas foram analisadas e incluídas no modelo de regressão logística para identificar fatores associados ao baixo consumo. Resultados: O consumo energético (kcal/dia) foi maior em homens (3.152 ± 1.026 versus 2.613 ± 905; p < 0,001) enquanto que o consumo de todos os antioxidantes (principalmente as vitaminas A e C e o selênio) foi maior em mulheres. O baixo consumo de antioxidantes se associou significativamente ao sexo masculino (OR = 3,5; IC95% 3,11 - 4,0), à menor escolaridade (OR = 3,1; IC95% 2,42 - 3,87), à menor renda (OR = 4,4; IC95% 3,67 - 5,36), à menor faixa etária (OR = 5,5; IC95% 4,27 - 7,16), ao estado de magreza (OR = 2,7; IC95% 1,36 - 5,18), ao relato do não uso de suplemento (OR = 1,95; IC95% 1,6 - 2,38) como polivitamínicos e minerais e a não alteração de hábitos alimentares nos últimos seis meses (OR = 2,0; IC95% 1,75 - 2,29). Conclusão: O maior consumo de frutas e legumes está envolvido no maior consumo de antioxidantes em mulheres. As políticas para aumento do consumo desses nutrientes precisam ser dirigidas para os segmentos de menores renda, escolaridade e faixa etária.
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Karlsen, Micaela, Gail Rogers, Akari Miki, Alice Lichtenstein, Sara Folta, Christina Economos, Paul Jacques, Kara Livingston, and Nicola McKeown. "Theoretical Food and Nutrient Composition of Whole-Food Plant-Based and Vegan Diets Compared to Current Dietary Recommendations." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030625.
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Public interest in popular diets is increasing, in particular whole-food plant-based (WFPB) and vegan diets. Whether these diets, as theoretically implemented, meet current food-based and nutrient-based recommendations has not been evaluated in detail. Self-identified WFPB and vegan diet followers in the Adhering to Dietary Approaches for Personal Taste (ADAPT) Feasibility Survey reported their most frequently used sources of information on nutrition and cooking. Thirty representative days of meal plans were created for each diet. Weighted mean food group and nutrient levels were calculated using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) and data were compared to DRIs and/or USDA Dietary Guidelines/MyPlate meal plan recommendations. The calculated HEI-2015 scores were 88 out of 100 for both WFPB and vegan meal plans. Because of similar nutrient composition, only WFPB results are presented. In comparison to MyPlate, WFPB meal plans provide more total vegetables (180%), green leafy vegetables (238%), legumes (460%), whole fruit (100%), whole grains (132%), and less refined grains (−74%). Fiber level exceeds the adequate intakes (AI) across all age groups. WFPB meal plans failed to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)s for vitamin B12 and D without supplementation, as well as the RDA for calcium for women aged 51–70. Individuals who adhere to WFBP meal plans would have higher overall dietary quality as defined by the HEI-2015 score as compared to typical US intakes with the exceptions of calcium for older women and vitamins B12 and D without supplementation. Future research should compare actual self-reported dietary intakes to theoretical targets.
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Nordström, Karl J. V., Florian Schmidt, Nina Gasparoni, Abdulrahman Salhab, Gilles Gasparoni, Kathrin Kattler, Fabian Müller, et al. "Unique and assay specific features of NOMe-, ATAC- and DNase I-seq data." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 20 (October 4, 2019): 10580–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz799.
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Abstract Chromatin accessibility maps are important for the functional interpretation of the genome. Here, we systematically analysed assay specific differences between DNase I-seq, ATAC-seq and NOMe-seq in a side by side experimental and bioinformatic setup. We observe that most prominent nucleosome depleted regions (NDRs, e.g. in promoters) are roboustly called by all three or at least two assays. However, we also find a high proportion of assay specific NDRs that are often ‘called’ by only one of the assays. We show evidence that these assay specific NDRs are indeed genuine open chromatin sites and contribute important information for accurate gene expression prediction. While technically ATAC-seq and DNase I-seq provide a superb high NDR calling rate for relatively low sequencing costs in comparison to NOMe-seq, NOMe-seq singles out for its genome-wide coverage allowing to not only detect NDRs but also endogenous DNA methylation and as we show here genome wide segmentation into heterochromatic B domains and local phasing of nucleosomes outside of NDRs. In summary, our comparisons strongly suggest to consider assay specific differences for the experimental design and for generalized and comparative functional interpretations.
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Grossman, Sharon R., Jesse Engreitz, John P. Ray, Tung H. Nguyen, Nir Hacohen, and Eric S. Lander. "Positional specificity of different transcription factor classes within enhancers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 30 (July 9, 2018): E7222—E7230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804663115.
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Gene expression is controlled by sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs), which bind to regulatory sequences in DNA. TF binding occurs in nucleosome-depleted regions of DNA (NDRs), which generally encompass regions with lengths similar to those protected by nucleosomes. However, less is known about where within these regions specific TFs tend to be found. Here, we characterize the positional bias of inferred binding sites for 103 TFs within ∼500,000 NDRs across 47 cell types. We find that distinct classes of TFs display different binding preferences: Some tend to have binding sites toward the edges, some toward the center, and some at other positions within the NDR. These patterns are highly consistent across cell types, suggesting that they may reflect TF-specific intrinsic structural or functional characteristics. In particular, TF classes with binding sites at NDR edges are enriched for those known to interact with histones and chromatin remodelers, whereas TFs with central enrichment interact with other TFs and cofactors such as p300. Our results suggest distinct regiospecific binding patterns and functions of TF classes within enhancers.
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Kimura, Masahiro. "On Unique Representations of Certain Dynamical Systems Produced by Continuous-Time Recurrent Neural Networks." Neural Computation 14, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 2981–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976602760805377.
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This article extends previous mathematical studies on elucidating the redundancy for describing functions by feedforward neural networks (FNNs) to the elucidation of redundancy for describing dynamical systems (DSs) by continuous-time recurrent neural networks (RNNs). In order to approximate a DS on Rn using an RNN with n visible units, an n—dimensional affine neural dynamical system (A-NDS) can be used as the DS actually produced by the above RNN under an affine map from its visible state-space Rn to its hidden state-space. Therefore, we consider the problem of clarifying the redundancy for describing A-NDSs by RNNs and affine maps. We clarify to what extent a pair of an RNN and an affine map is uniquely determined by its corresponding A-NDS and also give a nonredundant sufficient search set for the DS approximation problem based on A-NDS.
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Cross, H. Z., and D. W. Wanner. "Registration Of NDSAB(MS)C8(LM)C3, NDSD(FS)C1(LM)C4, and NDSM Maize Germplasms." Crop Science 31, no. 1 (January 1991): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183x003100010072x.
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Titcomb, Tyler J., Babita Bisht, David D. Moore, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Daryl J. Murry, Linda G. Snetselaar, and Terry L. Wahls. "Eating Pattern and Nutritional Risks among People with Multiple Sclerosis Following a Modified Paleolithic Diet." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061844.
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Preliminary studies suggest that a modified Paleolithic diet may benefit symptoms of fatigue in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). However, this diet restricts the consumption of eggs, dairy, and gluten-containing grains, which may increase the risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, we evaluated the nutritional safety of this diet among people with progressive MS. Three nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls were collected from (n = 19) progressive MS participants in the final months of a diet intervention study and analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software. Food group intake was calculated, and intake of micronutrients was evaluated and compared to individual recommendations using Nutrient Adequacy Ratios (NARs). Blood was drawn at baseline and the end of the study to evaluate biomarker changes. Mean intake of fruits and vegetables exceeded nine servings/day and most participants excluded food groups. The intake of all micronutrients from food were above 100% NAR except for vitamin D (29.6 ± 34.6%), choline (73.2 ± 27.2%), and calcium (60.3 ± 22.8%), and one participant (1/19) exceeded the Tolerable Upper Limit (UL) for zinc, one (1/19) for vitamin A, and 37% (7/19) exceeded the chronic disease risk reduction (CDRR) for sodium. When intake from supplements was included in the analysis, several individuals exceeded ULs for magnesium (5/19), zinc (2/19), sodium (7/19), and vitamins A (2/19), D (9/19), C (1/19), B6 (3/19), and niacin (10/19). Serum values of vitamins D, B12, K1, K2, and folate significantly increased compared to respective baseline values, while homocysteine and magnesium values were significantly lower at 12 months. Calcium and vitamin A serum levels did not change. This modified Paleolithic diet is associated with minimal nutritional risks. However, excessive intake from supplements may be of concern.
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Cross, H. Z. "Registration of NDSAB(MS)C8, NDSB(MS)C8(LM)C3, and NDSG(MS)C8(LM)C3 Maize Germplasm." Crop Science 30, no. 1 (January 1990): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183x003000010067x.
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Knouse, Phillip D., Mayurika Pise, Jalissa N. Furr, Rhea Li, Donna A. Bell, Lisa L. Triche, Shana L. Palla, and Joya Chandra. "A Pilot Study Investigating the Relationship Between Diet and Oxidative Stress in Infants Receiving Therapy for Acute Leukemia." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 4228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4228.4228.
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Abstract Abstract 4228 Pediatric leukemia patients undergoing treatment are often malnourished due to nausea, food aversions, and mucositis. Clinical observations suggest that poor nutrition worsens outcomes for this patient population. Oxidative stress may be a key intermediary linking nutrition and clinical outcomes. Previous reports suggest that diet may modulate the balance of cellular pro- and antioxidants and that oxidative stress may influence the efficacy of cancer treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that dietary changes might modulate oxidative stress and consequently impact the efficacy of therapies used to treat children with cancer. We hypothesize that age-appropriate nutrition may augment oxidative stress induced by chemotherapy and improve patient response to therapy. To address this hypothesis, we commenced a pilot study evaluating the interrelationship between nutrition and oxidative stress in children who are receiving therapy for leukemia. Twenty-four hour dietary recalls were completed and analyzed using the Minnesota Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) dietary analysis program to ascertain nutritional information, including caloric intake and dietary antioxidant consumption. Accordingly, the levels of pro- and anti-oxidants in mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood were quantified to measure oxidative stress. Levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide and hydrogen peroxide were measured with dihydroethidium (HE) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) staining, respectively. As oxidative stress results from an imbalance of pro- and anti-oxidants, the quantity of the most common cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was also measured by monochlorobimane staining. Assessments of nutrition and oxidative stress were completed for each patient at regularly scheduled intervals over a six month period. The first assessment occurred either before the patient received chemotherapy or during a prolonged break from chemotherapy whereas later assessments were conducted one month, two months, and six months after the patient began or resumed chemotherapy. Consequently, changes in nutrition and oxidative stress were monitored in response to treatment. To date, analyses have been completed for 12 patients. The median age of our patient population at the time of enrollment is 28.5 months. The oldest patient was 53 months at the time of enrollment and the youngest patient was 22 months. Seven patients are male and 6 are female. All subjects are receiving therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); 7 have been diagnosed with standard risk ALL and 6 have been diagnosed with high risk ALL. Preliminary results show that ROS were increased in mononuclear cells isolated from the majority of subjects during the course of their treatment. An increase was defined as a two-fold or greater elevation in ROS at any subsequent visit compared to the baseline visit. An increase in superoxides was detected in 72.7% of patients (8 of 11). Also, an increase in hydrogen peroxide was detected in 50% of patients (6 of 12). Interestingly, the antioxidant GSH was decreased in mononuclear cells isolated from many of our patients during the course of their treatment. A decrease was defined as a drop in the quantity of GSH at all subsequent visits compared to the baseline visit. A decrease in GSH was seen in 50% of patients (6 of 12) and 33% (4 of 12) demonstrated a decrease in GSH coincident with an increase in both superoxides and hydrogen peroxide. This increase in ROS and decrease in GSH suggests that the majority of our patients experience oxidative stress during therapy. To investigate the impact of diet on oxidant status, NDSR software was used to compare the consumption of dietary antioxidants, such as vitamins A, B3, C, and E, selenium, and glutamic acid, to the corresponding amounts of ROS from the same visit. The strongest correlation was between vitamin C consumption and hydrogen peroxide levels. An inverse relationship between vitamin C consumption and hydrogen peroxide levels was apparent in 58.3% of patients (7 of 12). Though this data is preliminary, our hope is that the findings from this pilot study will begin to illuminate the relationship between diet and oxidative stress in pediatric leukemia patients and justify future work which will aid in devising dietary interventions that will modulate oxidant status to favor improved survival of children with leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Parker, Elizabeth U., Nicholas P. Reder, Daniel Glasser, Jonathan Henriksen, Mark R. Kilgore, and Mara H. Rendi. "NDER." Academic Pathology 4 (January 1, 2017): 237428951769106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374289517691061.
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Medical students require a strong foundation in normal histology. However, current trends in medical school curricula have diminished time devoted to histology. Thus, there is a need for more efficient methods of teaching histology. We have developed a novel software program (Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource; https://pcs-webtest0.pathology.washington.edu/academics/pattern/ ) that uses annotated whole slide images to teach normal histology. Whole slide images of a wide variety of tissues were annotated by a trainee and validated by an experienced pathologist. Still images were extracted and transferred to the Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource web application. In Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource, an image was displayed briefly and the user was forced to identify the tissue type. The display time changed inversely based on cumulative accuracy to challenge the user and maintain engagement. A total of 129 second-year medical students completed the 30-minute Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource module. Surveys showed an increase in confidence from premodule (0% extremely confident, 4% very, 47% somewhat, and 49% not) to postmodule (9% extremely confident, 57% very, 32% somewhat, and 2% not), P < .0001. Accuracy increased from 72.6% pretest to 95.7% posttest, P < .002. The effect size (Cohen d = 2.30) was very large, where 0.2 is a small effect, 0.5 moderate, and 0.8 large. Ninety-six percent of students would recommend Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource to other medical students, and 98% would use Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource to further enhance their histology knowledge. Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource drastically improved medical student accuracy in classifying normal histology and improved confidence. Additional study is needed to determine knowledge retention, but Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource has great potential for efficient teaching of histology given the curriculum time constraints in medical education.
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McGrail, Lindsay, Sabrina Noel, Ana Maldonado-Contreras, and Kelsey Mangano. "The Effect of Daily Yogurt Supplementation on Inflammation and Bone Biomarkers." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab033_034.
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effect of daily yogurt intake on markers of inflammation and bone turnover in an 8wk RCT among Caribbean Latino adults with low-grade inflammation, at high-risk for osteoporosis (OP). Methods Eligible adults (n = 39) at-risk for OP (FRAX score) reporting <2 s/wk of yogurt intake, provided written informed consent, and participated in 1 study visit/wk for 12wks. Baseline (4wks) and intervention (8wks) assessment included health behavior questionnaires, 24-h dietary recalls (NDSR NCC, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 2019), fecal collections (OMNIgene GUT), and venipunctures. Participants were randomly assigned to yogurt group (YG) [one 5-ounce container/d, 7/wk] or diet control group (DC). Each serving contained 5 grams protein, 8 grams fat, 16 grams carbohydrates, 170 kcal. Pre- and post-intervention blood evaluated osteocalcin (OC), Procollagen I N-Terminal Propeptide (PINP), and a panel of inflammatory biomarkers. Percent change in biomarkers between groups was assessed using unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear models. Relative abundance of yogurt starter cultures (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus) was quantified in the feces by qPCR. Fold change in abundance was tested between groups by independent t-test. Results Participants were 69% women (all post-menopausal), sedentary, average 70y, BMI 30 kg/m2, and baseline CRP of 5 mg/L. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between groups. YG presented with 10.7- and 3.8-fold greater abundance of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus, respectively, in feces compared to DC. In unadjusted models, PINP increased 18.2% and OC 14.8% in the YG compared to DC [−1.9% P = 0.007, 0.3% P = 0.047, respectively]. In adjusted models, % increase in PINP remained significant (P = 0.03) but was attenuated for OC (P = 0.13). Daily yogurt intake did not change inflammatory biomarkers, compared to DC (P ≥ 0.1). Conclusions Daily yogurt intake significantly increased bone formation biomarkers from baseline, suggesting that regular yogurt consumption may protect against OP, independent of inflammatory pathways. Funding Sources Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative grant by Danone Institute International, American Society for Nutrition, International Osteoporosis Foundation
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Ansu, Velarie, Lisa Spence, Taylor Wallace, and Nana Gletsu-Miller. "Association Between Dietary Intake of Magnesium With Blood Biomarkers." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab059_002.
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Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary Mg intake and concentrations of ionized magnesium (iMg+2) in whole blood and total Mg in serum. Methods We evaluated blood iMg+2 concentration, the physiological active measure of Mg, as well as serum Mg concentration which is a more commonly used measure of body's status. The data study population were healthy participants (18–52 years; n = 23) who participated in three clinical visits in a magnesium supplement bioavailability study. All study participants were not taking Mg supplements within two weeks of study screening. Dietary Mg intake obtained from 3-day food records was compared with iMg+2 in whole blood and total Mg in serum concentrations using Pearson's correlations. Ionized magnesium was measured with NOVA 8 (NOVA Biochemical, Waltham, MA), serum Mg was measured with atomic absorption spectroscopy, and dietary intake of Mg was assessed using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR; University of Minnesota, MN). Results were reported as means (standard deviations) and percentages for continuous and categorical data, respectively. Results Mean iMg+2 and serum Mg concentrations, and dietary Mg intake were 1.27 (0.07) mg/dL, 2.20 (5.0) mg/dL and 304.05 (128.77) mg/day, respectively. Results from the Pearson's correlation coefficient showed no significant association between dietary Mg intake vs. and serum Mg (r = −0.30, p = 0.23), nor was there a significant association between dietary Mg intake and iMg+2 (r = −0.08, p = 0.74). Conclusions Our findings suggest that iMg+2 and serum Mg concentrations may not reflect dietary Mg intake in a significant manner. Further research is needed to identify objective and accurate biomarkers that reflect dietary Mg intake, which will enable a better understanding of Mg deficiency and its association with conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Funding Sources An unrestricted educational grant from New Capstone Inc., the manufacturer of ReMag®.
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Cross, H. Z., and M. R. Mostafavi. "Grain filling of R-nj color-selected maize strains divergently selected for kernel weight." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-084.
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Grain-fill characteristics in maize (Zea mays L.) affect yield by changing kernel weight. The objective of this study was to learn how divergent tandem selection for R-nj color expression and kernel weight affected rate of dry matter accumulation (RDMA), effective grain-filling period (EFPD), and lag phase duration (LAGP). We studied development of apical, mid-ear, and basal kernels in two genetic backgrounds. We derived 12 maize strains by tandem selection within each of two early-maturing synthetics. Mass selection of synthetics NDSF and NDSD for four cycles for high (HC), random (RC), and low (LC) R-nj color expression produced six substrains. Then, four cycles of divergent mass selection for kernel weight within each color-derived substrain produced 12 substrains for study. Using the 12 strains, we conducted field experiments using a completely random experimental design within each of 2 yr at Fargo, ND. Sequential kernel samples of individual ears within each strain provided data to estimate RDMA, EFPD, LAGP, and five-kernel weight (KWT). We sampled at 3- to 4-d intervals during the linear phase of grain-filling and at maturity. Selection for HC increased RDMA but tended to decrease EFPD compared to LC strains in both NDSF and NDSD. Selecting heavier kernels increased KWT of basal and mid-ear kernels by increasing RDMA. Direct and correlated responses to R-nj color selection were evident after four subsequent cycles of divergent tandem selection for kernel weight. Therefore, R-nj expression was not a temporary maternal effect. Kernel weight selection responses differed among the color strains and synthetics. Kernel weight seemed mainly determined by RDMA that was affected by selection for R-nj color expression and for kernel mass. Key words:Zea mays L., aleurone color, mass selection, correlation, yield components
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Willis, Nathaniel, Daniel Westfall, Jeanne Bottin, Erica Perrier, Charles Hillman, and Naiman Khan. "Characterizing Dietary and Physical Activity Patterns in Relation to Hydration Among Pre-Adolescent Children." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_076.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize food and fluid consumption as well as and physical activity patterns in children in relation to ad libitum hydration. Methods Child participants aged 9–11 years (N = 55, 28 females) reported beverage consumption with a 7-day fluid diary. Overall diet was reported using a 7-day diet record and analyses were run using the Nutritional Data System for Research (NDSR). Physical activity was assessed with hip worn accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3x+, Pensacola, FL) over 7 days and aerobic fitness was measured with a VO2 max test. Body composition was assessed with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Urine was collected over a 24hr period and was analyzed separately with a refractometer and freezing point depression for specific gravity (USG) and osmolality (UOsm), respectively. Results Children reported ad libitum consumption of 1645 ± 856 mL of total fluid per day, which was comprised of 37% plain water and 12% milk. The remaining 51% was composed of juice, carbonated, sports, fruit, and caffeinated beverages. Mean 24 h UOsm was 780 ± 250 mOsm/kg and USG was 1.019 ± 0.007. Activity data showed participants spent 52 minutes of MVPA/day. Partial correlations, adjusting for VO2 max, % body fat, sex, energy intake, and accelerometer wear time per day, revealed relationships between plain water consumption and USG (r = −0.32, P = 0.05). USG was related to sedentary activity/day (r = −0.37, P = 0.03); however, there were no other relationships between physical activity and urine hydration markers or plain water intake (all p's > 0.05). Total healthy eating index score (HEI) was not related to plain water intake (r = 0.16, P = 0.34) but trended with UOsm (r = −0.30, P = 0.07). Further, UOsm was inversely correlated with the specific HEI subcomponents of higher vegetable (Rho = −0.32, P = 0.02) and lower saturated fat (Rho = −0.28, P = 0.04) consumption. Conclusions Water consumption in children was below recommendations, and fruit drinks, carbonated drinks, and juice comprised a significant proportion of beverages consumed. Higher water consumption was correlated with lower urine concentration, providing additional support for the importance of water for hydration in children. Finally, hydration was not related to weight status, % body fat, or habitual physical activity. Funding Sources Danone Research, Palaiseau, France.
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Suh, HyunGyu, Evan Johnson, Costas Bardis, Lisa Jansen, J. D. Adams, Catalina Capitan-Jimenez, Clementine Morin, Erica Perrier, and Stavros Kavouras. "Plain Water Intake Is Positively Associated with Physical Activity and Ambient Temperature in Free-Living Adults." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa066_021.
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Abstract Objectives Water loss via sweating increases during exercise especially in the heat, however, the evidence is limited as to whether moderate physical activity (PA) and ambient temperature (Ta) influence water intake in daily life. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of PA and Ta on water intake and hydration state in free-living individuals. Methods Ninety-five healthy, but non-athletic (< 4 h of exercise per week), adults (52 females) participated in the study. PA was assessed via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and scored/stratified into PAhigh, PAmoderate, and PAlow. Fluid consumption was assessed by a validated 7-day fluid diary and was used to assess water intake from liquids (WI-L), plain water intake (PWI) and water intake from other beverages (WI-B). Food consumption was also recorded for 7 days and analyzed with the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software and was used to calculate water from foods (WI-F). All sources of water were pooled to calculate total water intake (TWI). Hydration was assessed with blood and a 24-h urine sample. Results People with PAhigh had higher TWI (4.0 ± 1.4 L·d−1 vs. 2.8 ± 0.7 L·d−1; P = 0.010) and WI-L (3.2 ± 1.4 L·d−1 vs. 2.1 ± 0.5 L·d−1; P = 0.009), compared to PAlow. PWI was also higher in PAhigh group (2.20 ± 1.20 L·d-1) compared to PAlow (1.10 ± 0.72 L·d−1, P = 0.003), but there was no significant difference in WI-B and WI-F (P ≥ 0.05). PWI showed a significant association with Ta (R2 = 0.08; P = 0.008), while WI-B did not (P ≥ 0.05). Positive associations between PWI and Ta only remained in the PAhigh group when stratified by different PA levels (R2 = 0.40; P = 0.028). However, the hydration state was not affected by PA nor Ta (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions Higher PA and Ta were associated with higher TWI, and this appeared to be driven by PWI, and not by other beverages nor water from food. Hydration state was similar across levels of PA, likely because of the higher TWI in the PAhigh group. Funding Sources This study was funded by Danone Research.
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Hackert, April. "An Exploratory Analysis of Dietary Components in Relation to Symptoms of Anxiety." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_024.
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Abstract Objectives Determine reliability of GAD-7 and MASQ in the assessment of symptoms of anxiety and dietary correlates. Methods Cross-sectional, mixed methods design of adult men and women greater than 18 years of age consented; no exclusion criteria (N = 275) entitled, “Food Mood Project (FMP). Data collection occurred December 5, 2015 to August 3, 2016. The project contains two parts: Part 1: electronic demographic assessment (e.g., education, age, gender, marital status, military affiliation, and occupation), completion of five mobile formatted, electronic validated questionnaires (e.g., GAD-7, MASQ, EDE-Q, Zung, and GRIT), and 3-day electronic dietary food and beverage record with self-reported emotional evaluation. Participants who fully completed part 1 [ALL questionnaires and 3-day food record with subjective affect appraisal pre-, during, post- each feeding episode were invited to participate in part 2 (N = 135). Part 2: 90-minunte in-person medical and nutritional interview (N = 106) by author exploring personal and familial medical history, physical activity trends, personal beliefs about food, dieting history, 24-hour dietary recall, sleep hygiene (PSQI), and spiritual health (i.e., SWB), as well as, assessing cognitive set-shifting via trail making test (TMT). Statistical consultation with Deakin University (Australia) and University of California, Berkeley (United States) utilizing SPSS, R, and Stata for linear regression, ANOVA, and PCA, and t-tests for dietary data [manually analyzed using NDSR]; a > 0.05. Results Coefficient of reliability for GAD-7 is 0.869 and Total MASQ is 0.822 as a practical application assessment of symptoms of anxiety. Linear regression examining macronutrient content and MASQ scores for subset of completed Part 1 data (n = 31) reveals mean total carbohydrates by participants was 192.86 gm daily and significantly correlated with total MASQ score (R2 = 0.023; P = 0.027). Conclusions GAD-7 and MASQ have excellent reliability for assessing symptoms of anxiety. Preliminary results notes carbohydrate variability is correlated with reported symptoms of anxiety. Funding Sources Academic funding through University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Nutritional Sciences Vision 20/20 Award (2014), Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2015), and California Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2017).
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Hasan, Faten, Erin Kennedy, Kristin Guertin, Roger Anderson, Wendy Cohn, Jamie Zoellner, and Sibylle Kranz. "Diet Quality and Inflammatory Index Score Among Women's Cancer Survivors." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab051_020.
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Abstract Objectives In 2018, women's cancers accounted for 38.6% of new cases and 26.9% of cancer deaths in females worldwide. The risk of recurrence is partially attributed to lifestyle factors linked to inflammation, including diet quality. Adherence to U.S Department of Agriculture Dietary Guidelines, measured with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), and consuming an anti-inflammatory diet, measured with the Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), are found to improve quality of life and reduce recurrence risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate HEI-2015 and E-DII scores in women's cancer survivors. Methods Survivors of women's cancers (N = 52, 65 ± 12 yrs) were recruited to complete a demographic questionnaire and three 24-hour dietary recalls using the Nutrient Data System for Research (NDSR). HEI-2015 and E-DII scores were calculated from average intakes. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between demographic factors (age, BMI, education, rurality, income, financial security, years since active treatment, and weight goals) and HEI-2015 and E-DII scores. Pearson Correlation was used to examine correlation between the two. Results On average, HEI-2015 score was 55 ± 13.5 (29.7–84.6), lower than the national average, and E-DII score was -1.14 ± 2.24 (−5.66–3.22). 54% of women had anti- inflammatory (<−1), 17% had pro-inflammatory (>1), and 29% women had relatively neutral (−1 to 1) diets. Women with a graduate degree (P = 0.03) and who completed treatment more than 4 years prior (P = 0.01) had higher HEI-2015 scores. There were no associations between SES and E-DII scores. Most notably, higher diet quality was associated with more anti-inflammatory diets (r = −0.67, P < 0.001). Conclusions While diet quality of women cancer survivors is comparatively low, the association with its inflammatory potential is a promising avenue for preventing recurrence. Higher E-DII scores are correlated with increased inflammatory markers, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome risk, greater risk ratio and 75% increased mortality for several cancers. Guidelines for reducing inflammation will allow Registered Dietitians to provide specific, evidence-based oncology nutrition services, such as education, counseling, and medical nutrition therapy (MNT). Funding Sources This was funded by the University of Virginia Cancer Center.
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Qiu, Hongfang, Emily Biernat, Chhabi K. Govind, Yashpal Rawal, Răzvan V. Chereji, David J. Clark, and Alan G. Hinnebusch. "Chromatin remodeler Ino80C acts independently of H2A.Z to evict promoter nucleosomes and stimulate transcription of highly expressed genes in yeast." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 15 (July 14, 2020): 8408–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa571.
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Abstract The chromatin remodelers SWI/SNF and RSC function in evicting promoter nucleosomes at highly expressed yeast genes, particularly those activated by transcription factor Gcn4. Ino80 remodeling complex (Ino80C) can establish nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) in reconstituted chromatin, and was implicated in removing histone variant H2A.Z from the −1 and +1 nucleosomes flanking NDRs; however, Ino80C’s function in transcriptional activation in vivo is not well understood. Analyzing the cohort of Gcn4-induced genes in ino80Δ mutants has uncovered a role for Ino80C on par with SWI/SNF in evicting promoter nucleosomes and transcriptional activation. Compared to SWI/SNF, Ino80C generally functions over a wider region, spanning the −1 and +1 nucleosomes, NDR and proximal genic nucleosomes, at genes highly dependent on its function. Defects in nucleosome eviction in ino80Δ cells are frequently accompanied by reduced promoter occupancies of TBP, and diminished transcription; and Ino80 is enriched at genes requiring its remodeler activity. Importantly, nuclear depletion of Ino80 impairs promoter nucleosome eviction even in a mutant lacking H2A.Z. Thus, Ino80C acts widely in the yeast genome together with RSC and SWI/SNF in evicting promoter nucleosomes and enhancing transcription, all in a manner at least partly independent of H2A.Z editing.
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Tolkunov, Denis, Karl A. Zawadzki, Cara Singer, Nils Elfving, Alexandre V. Morozov, and James R. Broach. "Chromatin remodelers clear nucleosomes from intrinsically unfavorable sites to establish nucleosome-depleted regions at promoters." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 12 (June 15, 2011): 2106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-10-0826.
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Most promoters in yeast contain a nucleosome-depleted region (NDR), but the mechanisms by which NDRs are established and maintained in vivo are currently unclear. We have examined how genome-wide nucleosome placement is altered in the absence of two distinct types of nucleosome remodeling activity. In mutants of both SNF2, which encodes the ATPase component of the Swi/Snf remodeling complex, and ASF1, which encodes a histone chaperone, distinct sets of gene promoters carry excess nucleosomes in their NDRs relative to wild-type. In snf2 mutants, excess promoter nucleosomes correlate with reduced gene expression. In both mutants, the excess nucleosomes occupy DNA sequences that are energetically less favorable for nucleosome formation, indicating that intrinsic histone–DNA interactions are not sufficient for nucleosome positioning in vivo, and that Snf2 and Asf1 promote thermodynamic equilibration of nucleosomal arrays. Cells lacking SNF2 or ASF1 still accomplish the changes in promoter nucleosome structure associated with large-scale transcriptional reprogramming. However, chromatin reorganization in the mutants is reduced in extent compared to wild-type cells, even though transcriptional changes proceed normally. In summary, active remodeling is required for distributing nucleosomes to energetically favorable positions in vivo and for reorganizing chromatin in response to changes in transcriptional activity.
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Billingsley, Hayley, Salvatore Carbone, Brando Rotelli, Dinesh Kadariya, Justin M. Canada, Roshanak Markley, and Antonio Abbate. "3426 Increased Monounsaturated Fat Consumption is Associated with Improved Body Composition in Subjects with Obesity and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.112.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: We hypothesized that increasing percent calories from MUFA (%MUFA) would be associated an increased FFM/FM index. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Nine consecutive HFpEF patients with obesity participated in a 12-week pilot feasibility trial of UFA supplementation (NCT03310099). Subjects were educated at baseline by a dietitian on UFA rich foods including high MUFA choices such as extra-virgin olive oil, canola oil and avocados. Participants were given a list of items, corresponding serving sizes and asked to eat at least one serving of these UFA rich foods per day for 12 weeks. Adherence was encouraged through weekly phone calls by the dietitian. Standardized 5-pass 24-hour dietary recall was performed by a dietitian at baseline and 12 weeks. The recalls were analyzed to establish intake of MUFA in percent calories (%kcals) with Nutrition Data Systems for Research software (NDSR). Body composition including FM%, fat free mass percent of body weight (FFM%) and ratio of FFM to FM (FFM/FM Index) was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (RJL systems) at baseline and 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (24.0). Spearman rank test was used for correlations. Values are expressed as numbers and percentages or as median and interquartile range (IQR). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Subjects were mostly female (56%) with a median age 56 (IQR 50-59). Baseline median body mass index (kg/m2) was 36.7 (36.2-48.0), median FM% was 44.5 (IQR 32.5-53.4), median FFM% was 55.5 (IQR 46.7-67.5) and median FFM/FM Index was 1.25 (IQR 0.88-2.1).The only significant change was an increase in %MUFA from baseline 12.4% (IQR 6.9-14.3) to 12 weeks 21.8% (17.6-36.9) (p = 0.008). Increased %MUFA was highly associated with increased FFM% (r = 0.783, p = 0.013) (Figure 1A), decreased FM%(r = −0.783, p = 0.013)(Figure 1B) and increased FFM/FM index (r = 0.800, p = 0.010) (Figure 1C). All correlations remained statistically significant after adjustment for changes in energy intake. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Increasing dietary %MUFA is protective against negative changes in body composition in patients with obesity and HFpEF, independent of changes in caloric intake. Future work should focus on whether the correlation found in this pilot study translate in improved body composition and finally, exercise tolerance and clinical outcomes.
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Ferriani, Lara, Daniela Silva, and Maria Viana. "Antioxidants Consumption and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the ELSA-Brasil Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_028.
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the association between depression and consumption of retinol, vitamins C and E, selenium and zinc in participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline data. Methods This study is part of the ELSA-Brasil, a population-based cohort study with 15,105 civil servants aged 35–74 years. In this analysis, we included cross-sectional data from the baseline examination conducted from August 2008 to December 2010. Antioxidants consumption was measure by The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software. Depression disorder was accessed by a Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R). The use of antidepressant drugs was recorded during a face-to-face systematic interview about use of continuous medication in the prior two weeks. Logistic regression models were built comparing two groups: DEP1 - no depression by CIS-R and no current antidepressants use, and DEP2 - depression by CIS-R or current use of antidepressant. Model 1 yield crude values and model 2 adjusted by age, sex and total energy. These analyses were carried out using the software Stata and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 11.7% (n = 1761) of the sample was identified with depression by CIS-R or current use of antidepressants. Median antioxidant intake for DEP1 and DEP2 were respectively 434.76 mg and 419.73 mg for retinol; 196.84 mg and 193.87 mg for vitamin C; 9.30 mg and 9.03 mg for vitamin E; 192.24 μg and 189.24 μg for selenium, and 14.62 mg and 14.39 mg for zinc. In model 1, retinol (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99–0.99, P = 0.008) and vitamin E (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–0.99, P = 0.036) intake levels were inversely associated with depression. In model 2 only retinol (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99–0.99, P = 0.011) intake was inversely associated with depression disorder. Conclusions A lower intake of retinol was significantly associated with more occurrence of depression or antidepressant use. Although the magnitude of ORs is small, these results suggest a possible protective effect on retinol intake against depression disorder. Funding Sources The ELSA-Brazil baseline study was supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Science and Technology Department) and the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (Studies and projects financier and CNPq National Research Council).
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Choi, In-Young, Matthew Taylor, Phil Lee, Sibelle Alwatchi Alhayek, Misty Bechetel, Jill Hamilton-Reeves, Kendra Spaeth, Peter Adany, and Debra Sullivan. "Milk Intake Enhances Cerebral Antioxidant (Glutathione) Concentration in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab049_013.
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Abstract Objectives This randomized controlled trial was to confirm the potential benefit of adequate dairy food intake to raise brain antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), in low dairy consumers through a longitudinal dietary intervention. This confirmatory study is based on our previous findings of positive correlations between brain GSH levels and dairy food consumption, particularly milk (P < 0.001), in a cross-sectional study of older adults. Methods A total of 80 older adults with a low dairy intake (≤1.5 servings/day) were enrolled in a 3-month milk intervention study. Brain GSH levels were measured using multiple quantum chemical shift imaging at 3 T. After baseline MR scans, participants were randomized into either the intervention or control group using a random-sequence algorithm. The control group continued their usual intake of dairy ≤1.5 servings/day (<1 cup of milk/day) while the milk intervention group was provided 1% milk weekly and instructed to consume 3 cups of milk/day for three months. Dietary intake was assessed with 24-hr diet recalls, 7-day food records, and a Diet Screener Questionnaire and was analyzed using NDSR software. Brain GSH levels in each group were compared between baseline and post-intervention using paired t-tests, and longitudinal changes of GSH levels were compared between groups using two sample t-tests. Results Among 80 enrolled participants (60–89 years old), 66 participants (49 intervention; 17 controls) completed the study. The milk intake of the controls was similar at baseline and the end of study timepoints (0.4 ± 0.4 cups/day for both), while that of the intervention group increased from 0.2 ± 0.3 cups/day to 3.0 ± 0.6 cups/day (P < 0.001). The intervention group showed 7.4 ± 11.7% increases in parietal GSH (P < 0.001) and 4.6 ± 8.7% increases in fronto-parietal GSH (P = 0.003) levels after intervention, while the control group showed no changes in brain GSH. The fronto-parietal GSH increase in the intervention group was greater than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary milk consumption could modulate brain GSH levels. This study demonstrates the effect of diet on brain antioxidants, which could lead to the development of new strategies in strengthening cerebral antioxidant defenses and thereby improving brain health in the aging population. Funding Sources National Dairy Council.
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Pin, C. "Le magmatisme basique calcoalcalin d'âge dévono-dinantien du nord du Massif Central, témoin dˈune marge active hercynienne : arguments géochimiques et isotopiques Sr/NdSr-Nd isotope and trace element evidence for a Late Devonian active margin in northern Massif-Central (France)." Geodinamica Acta 15, no. 1 (March 2002): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0985-3111(01)01079-8.
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Wysogląd, Marta. "Diversit y of the use of f u nds u nder operational prog rams in Poland in the per iod 2014 –2017." Europa Regionum 33 (2017): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/er.2017.33-14.
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Dobiszewski, Sarah, Leslie Mahler, and Ingrid Lofgren. "Assessing Diet Quality of People with Parkinson's Disease: Dietary Screening Tool Versus HEI-2015." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_017.
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Abstract Objectives To assess the diet quality of people with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD) using two assessment tools: Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and the Dietary Screening Tool (DST). HEI-2015 and DST scores were compared for alignment to explore associations between HEI-2015 and DST total scores and sub-scores. Methods This secondary data analysis utilized a total of 28 participants from two studies examining PwPD and their informal caregivers. Dietary data was collected with two 24-hour recalls using the multiple pass method and entered into the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). SAS Version 9.4 was used to compute HEI-2015 scores to assess diet quality. The HEI-2015 score is a total of 100 points and is based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans for 2015–2020. Total HEI-2015 scores and 13 component scores were interpreted using the graded approach (grades A-F). Radar graphs provide a visual representation. Participants also completed the DST. The DST is a 25-item questionnaire used to identify dietary patterns and assess nutritional risk. Total scores were categorized into at risk <60, possibly risk 60–75, and not at risk >75. Sub-scores were calculated with point classifications for specific food categories. These sub-scores were divided into tertials of recommended intakes less than 50%, 50–80% and 80–100%, and compared for alignment between DST sub-scores and HEI-2015 sub-scores by assessing total number of pairs per category. Results The mean total score was 59.4 ± 28.6 for DST and 58.7 ± 22.2 for HEI-2015. HEI-2015 scores fell into grades of A (n = 0) B (n = 3) C (n = 3) D (n = 7) F (n = 14). PwPD who were categorized at risk from the DST scores (n = 18) received an HEI grade of D/F. PwPD who were at possible risk (n = 7) received a grade of B/C/D. PwPD who were not at risk (n = 3) received a grade of B/C/D for sub-scores, vegetable intake had a 50% alignment in scores, fat/sugar 43% alignment, whole grains and dairy 46% alignment and fruit 39% alignment. Conclusions There appeared to be partial alignment between the total HEI-2015 scores and DST nutritional risk scores. Sub-scores differ 50% of the time. Due to differences between the assessment tools, more research is needed to validate the DST in PwPD as this can be a less taxing assessment compared with 24-hour recalls. Funding Sources There was no external funding for this study.
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Karlsen, Micaela, Kara Livingston, Dasha Agoulnik, Akari Miki, Alice Lichtenstein, Sara Folta, Christina Economos, Cheryl Gilhooly, Paul Jacques, and Nicola McKeown. "Theoretical Intakes of Modern-Day Paleo Diets: Comparison to U.S. Dietary Reference Intakes." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab038_032.
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the nutrient adequacy of theoretical, modern-day Paleo meal plans relative to the U.S. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Methods This analysis used data from the Adhering to Dietary Approaches for Personal Taste (ADAPT) Feasibility Study, which captured data on 9 726 self-reported, popular diet followers. Paleo respondents (N = 925) reported sources of recipes and diet guidance. Five days from each of the top six sources were used to generate 30 days of meal plans among a random sample of n = 200 Paleo respondents. Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) was used to estimate daily nutrient content of meal plans which was compared to DRIs and recommendations, as follows: recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for vitamins D, E, and folate, which do not vary by age (years, y)/sex; sex and age-specific RDAs for vitamins A, C, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe); adequate intakes (AIs) for potassium (K) and fiber; upper intake level (UL) for sodium (Na); and Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) upper threshold to limit saturated fat and Na. Results Estimated daily nutrient intakes of theoretical Paleo meal plans met or exceeded RDAs for the following (Paleo vs. RDA): vitamin A for men or women (1481 RAE µg vs. 900 μg and 700 µg), vitamin D (56 µg vs. 15 μg), vitamin E (27 mg vs. 15 mg), folate (489 µg vs. 400 μg), vitamin C for men or women (225 mg vs. 90 mg and 75 mg), Mg for men and women 31–70 y (539 mg vs. 420 mg and 320 mg), and Fe for men (16 mg vs. 8 mg). Theoretical estimates did not meet the following: RDAs for carbohydrate (91 g vs. 130 g), Fe for women 19–50 y (16 g vs.18 mg), Ca for men and women 61–70 y (562 mg vs. 1000 mg and 1200 mg), and AI for K (4027 mg vs. 4700 mg) or dietary fiber (25 g vs. 28 g/2000 kcal). Estimated levels of Na exceeded the UL (2763 mg vs. 2300 mg), saturated fat exceeded the DGA (19% vs. 10% kcal), and added sugar levels fell within the recommendation (1% vs. 10%). Conclusions While certain aspects of the Paleo diet offer improvements over typical reported intakes of US adults, saturated fat is high, and carbohydrate, fiber, Ca, and K levels of these theoretical diets do not meet DRIs. High levels of saturated fat present concern for cardiovascular health. Optimal nutrition may be challenging to sustain on a Paleo diet. Funding Sources Supported by USDA Cooperative Agreements 58-8050-9-004 and 58-8050-9-003.
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Aschheim, Steven E. "On Saul Friedl�nder." History & Memory 9, no. 1-2 (April 1997): 11–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/his.1997.9.1-2.11.
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